CREST Science 3 Workbook

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CONTENTS
1. Plants and Animals ................................................................................................................ 2

2. Birds ....................................................................................................................................... 14
3. Food ....................................................................................................................................... 23
4. Housing and Clothing .......................................................................................................... 33
5. Transport and Communication ............................................................................................ 42
6. Human Body ......................................................................................................................... 50
7. Earth and Universe .............................................................................................................. 61
8. Matter and Materials ............................................................................................................ 72
9. Light, Sound and Force ....................................................................................................... 80
10. Our Environment .................................................................................................................. 90
11. Answer Key ......................................................................................................................... 100
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Chapter
Plants and Animals
1
1
Plants and Their Parts
 Life on earth would not be possible without plants. Plants play an important
role in our lives as we depend on them for oxygen, food, clothing, timber,
medicine and other things.
 The part of the plant that grows above the soil is the shoot while the part that grows
below the soil is the root. The shoot has a stem, branches, leaves, buds, flowers and
fruits. All these parts work together and help the plant to live and grow.
Root
It fixes the plant firmly in the soil. It absorbs water and minerals from the soil and transports
them to other plant parts.
Plants have either taproot or fibrous root.
Taproot is the single main root that grows straight downwards and has many small roots
growing from it. Some examples of plants that have a taproot system include carrot,
mustard, radish, turnip, beetroot, parsley, coriander, etc.
Fibrous root comprises of a number of roots that grow from the lower end of the stem below
the ground. Some examples of plants that have a fibrous root system include grasses,
wheat, rice, corn, rosemary, coconut, etc.

Stem
It is the main part of the shoot system that grows above the ground and supports the upper
parts of a plant.
It holds the plant upright and straight.
It carries water and minerals from the root and food from the leaves to various parts of the
plant.
We eat the stem of some plants such as onion, potato, ginger, etc.
Leaf
Thin, flat and green part that grows from the plant’s stem or branch is the leaf.
Green leaves prepare food using water, sunlight and carbon dioxide.
Leaf blade, midrib, side veins and petiole are the main parts of a leaf.
We eat the leaves some plants such as spinach, cabbage, lettuce etc.
Flower
Flowers are the most beautiful and colourful part of a plant. They grow on plants to attract
insects, bees, butterflies etc. They have a pleasant smell and their main function is to make
seeds.
We eat the flower of some plants such as flowers of banana plant, sunflower, jasmine etc.

Fruit
A flower turns into a fruit and is the fleshy eatable part of a plant. It contains seeds in it.
Different fruits contain different types and numbers of seeds. Fruits enclose and protect the
seeds.
Some plants store food in their fruits such as apple, orange, grapes, plum etc.
Seed
Seeds are small hard structures produced by plants.
They are mostly enclosed inside the fruit. It gives rise to a new plant.
Some seeds are edible.
Seed coat, embryo, endosperm and cotyledons are main parts of a seed.
Some plants store food in their seeds such as rice, wheat, maize, peas etc.
Types of Plants
 Plants grow almost everywhere in the world. Some are big while some are
small. There is a large variety of plants on our planet like trees, herbs, shrubs,
climbers, creepers and aquatic plants. The basic structure or parts of majority
of plants remain the same.
Trees Shrubs Herbs

Trees are big and tall. Plants with thin stems are They are very small plants,
They have a very large and shrubs. They are small and have soft and green stems.
woody stem called the trunk. bushy plants with many Most herbs live for only a
The branches of a tree arise branches and live for a few few months. They are
from the trunk. years. smaller than shrubs. They
Examples- Coconut, mango, Examples- Rose, marigold, are seasonal plants.
banyan etc. jasmine etc. Examples- Mint, grass,
coriander etc.
Climbers Creepers Aquatic Plants

They have weak stems and They have weak stems and Some plants grow in water.
cannot stand straight on thin branches. They grow They are called
their own. They need other along the ground and water/aquatic plants.
plants, sticks or walls for usually bear heavy and big Examples- Water lily, lotus,
support. They have tendrils fruits. water chestnut etc.
to attach themselves to the Examples- Pumpkin, bottle
support. gourd etc.
Examples- Money plant,
grapevine, pea plant etc.

Animals and Their Eating Habits
Different animals eat different kinds of food. Depending on their food habits, the animals can
be divided into the following- Herbivores, Carnivores, Omnivores, Scavengers and
Parasites.
Animals eat their food in different ways:
1. Gnaw food with sharp, front cutting teeth like that of rabbits and squirrels.
2. Swallow food completely like snakes do as they do not have teeth to bite or chew.
3. Insects like bees and butterflies have a long tube to suck nectar from plants.
4. Animals like frogs have a long sticky tongue to catch its prey. When a frog spots an
insect, it sticks out its tongue and catches its prey, then it rolls back its tongue back
into its mouth.
5. Dogs and cats use their tongue to lap up their food.
6. Animals like cows and buffaloes have a special way of eating their food, they first
swallow their food whole and fill their stomach, later they bring it back into their
mouth and keep chewing or masticating it for hours. This is known as chewing the
cud.
7. The grass eaters that chew half-digested food or ruminate are called ruminants.
Ruminants are animals that eat plants and have four-chambered stomachs that help
them to digest food. Some common ruminants are cow, deer, giraffe, goat, sheep
etc.
8. Animal like lions and tigers tear and chew the flesh of other animals. Such animals
have sharp and pointed tearing teeth in the front to tear the flesh of animals and
broad back teeth to chew the food.

Food Chain
A food chain shows the flow or path of energy from one living organism to another.
For example, grass is eaten by grasshopper and grasshopper is eaten by frog.
Food chains are models that illustrate how plants and animals in an ecosystem are linked by
their feeding relationships.
A network of many food chains is called a food web.
We see a variety of animals around us. We find a particular animal in a particular place only.
The place or surroundings where animal survives or lives is called its habitat. Animals live in
different habitats like grasslands, oceans, desert, polar region, river etc.
Animals resemble or differ from one another in the number of ways - their sizes, shapes and
colours, the types of outer coverings they have, the types of food they eat, the ways they
move, the ways they reproduce and the places they live in.
 Animals can be classified on the basis of absence or presence of backbone into two
types- vertebrates and invertebrates.
 There are millions of animal species in the world that are invertebrates and have no
bones instead they have exoskeleton. Examples of invertebrates are butterflies,
insects, spiders, octopus, snail, worm etc.
 Vertebrates on the other hand have spinal cord or backbone present inside their
body. They do not have any exoskeleton.

Vertebrates Characteristics
Pisces Have scales, lives in water, cold blooded, lay eggs, have gills
Amphibians Have smooth skin, lives in water and on land, cold blooded, lays eggs
Birds Have feathers, warm blooded, lays eggs, breathes through lugs
Mammals Have hair or fur, warm blooded, give birth, breathes through lungs
Reptiles Have scales, lays eggs, cold blooded, breathes through lungs
 Some animals have special body parts that help them to protect themselves from
enemies or from weather conditions.
 Animals have the ability to adapt themselves according to the environment to protect
themselves from enemies like camouflaging and to protect from climatic conditions
by migrating to other places. Some animals undergo hibernation as well.
Interdependence of Plants and Animals

Animals get food and oxygen from plants and plants get carbon dioxide from animals to
make their food.

Practice Questions
1. Which part of the plant is seen only in an adult plant and not in a young plant?
a. Root
b. Stem
c. Fruit
d. Leaf
2. Which of the following statements are CORRECT?

I. Mammals like ants and cockroaches crawl on their legs.
II. When an enemy comes near a tortoise, it hides under the shell.
III. The mass movement of animals from one place to another is known as
hibernation.
IV. Gills are special organs with which all mammals breathe.
V. Nocturnal animals are active at night.
a. I and II
b. II and V
c. III and IV
d. II, IV and V
3. Which of the following animals listed have the same eating habit to that of the animal
shown in the image below?
a. Crow
b. Giraffe
c. Goat
d. Rabbit

4. Study the given classification chart carefully and select the option which contains the
animals that can be placed at X, Y and Z.
Types of Animals
Herbivore Carnivore Omnivore
Cow X Lion Y Z Bear

a. X – Wolf, Y – Sparrow, Z – Bear
b. X – Sheep, Y – Hen, Z – Camel
c. X – Zebra, Y – Snake, Z – Crow
d. X – Eagle, Y – Yak, Z – Vulture
5. Read the following clue and identify the plant:

I grow underground. I have a taproot system.
a. Rice
b. Beetroot
c. Wheat
d. Corn
6. Which of the following plants cannot be classified together in a group?

a. Lotus and Lettuce
b. Money plant and Grapevine
c. Rose and Hibiscus
d. Banyan and Mango
7. Given below is an image of a cactus plant. Complete the following statement:

The leaves are small and are like needles so that they _______________.
a. they make food faster
b. they can reduce water loss to the atmosphere
c. they can receive more sunlight
d. they can have more exchange of gases from the atmosphere

8. Ethan took four identical plants named W, X, Y and Z. He removed a different part
from each plant as shown in the table below.
Which plant will die first?
Plant Parts that were removed
W All flowers
X All roots
Y All fruits
Z All the branches
a. Plant W
b. Plant X
c. Plant Y
d. Plant Z
9. A vertebrate is an animal with a backbone. There are 5 types of vertebrate as listed

under column I.
Match column I with column II and choose the correct option:
Column I Column II
1. Fish a. An animal whose body is covered in hair or fur.
2. Bird b. An animal whose body is covered with feathers.
3. Mammal c. An animal with no legs that breathes under water.
4. Reptile d. An animal that lives both on land and in water.
5. Amphibian e. An animal whose body is covered with scales.
a. 1 – c, 2 – b, 3 – a, 4 – e, 5 – d
b. 1 – c, 2 – b, 3 – e, 4 – d, 5 – a
c. 1 – a, 2 – b, 3 – c, 4 – d, 5 – e
d. 1 – b, 2 – d, 3 – a, 4 – c, 5 – e
10. Identify the INCORRECT match from below:

a. Cotton plant – Clothes
b. Bamboo tree – Rubber
c. Oak tree – Furniture
d. Jute plant – Sack and mat

11. Look at the pictures of animals given below.
Which of the following characteristic is common to all the above three animals?
a. They are covered with fur.
b. They have four legs.
c. They give birth to their young ones.
d. They feed on plants only.
12. Which of the following pairs are wrongly classified?

D: Kiwi – Migratory bird
E: Leech – Parasite
F: Flying squirrel – Arboreal
G: Jackal - Hibernates
a. D and E
b. F and G
c. D and G
d. E and F
13. The figure shows a fibrous root.
Which of the following plants have fibrous root?

a. Carrot
b. Sugar beet
c. Mustard
d. Corn

14. The given figure shows two groups (‘M’ and ‘N’) of animals.
Select the correct option regarding the categorization of the given groups.
M N
a. M – Pet animals, N – Domestic animals

b. M – Chew the cud, N – Grind the food
c. M – Swallow the whole food, N – Lap the food
d. M – Wild animals, N – Carry load
15. Four children made the following statements about animal homes.
Whose statements about animal homes is true?
Ashok - Elephants take shelter under tall trees.
Manoj - Orangutans live in burrows.
Vinay - Raccoons like to make their homes on the ground.
Mohit - Bats and bears live in holes.
a. Vinay and Mohit
b. Ashok and Mohit
c. Manoj, Vinay and Ashok
d. Mohit, Vinay and Manoj
16. Complete the following food chain by filling the correct option:
Grass A Frog B Eagle
a. Deer, Tiger
b. Cow, Lion
c. Snail, Snake
d. Deer, Snake
17. State which of the following statements are true or false:

I. We eat the seeds of corn.
II. Litchi fruit has many seeds.
a. I – True, II – False
b. I – False, II – False
c. I – True, II – True
d. I – False, II – True
18. Students have a pack of cards to organise into groups.

Each card has a picture of a different plant. The cards that belong to group 1 are
shown below:

Cucumber Grapevine Pea Money plant
Which picture card would best be placed in group 1?
a.
b.
c.
d.
19. Search the name of a gnawing animal found in our home from the wonder box given
below:
a. Cat
b. Rat
c. Rabbit
d. Frog
20. Identify the similarity between water lily and lotus:

a. They both are submerged aquatic plant.
b. They both are floating aquatic plants.
c. They both have strong stems.
d. They both grow along the ground.

Chapter Birds
2
Birds are beautiful creatures. They have a streamlined body, colourful feathers and long tail
which helps in speed and direction. The body of a bird is shaped like a boat and this shape
helps it to cut through air. The long tail helps with the speed and direction.
They are unique in their looks, food they eat, their nesting habits and the sounds they make.
Birds have strong flight muscles to which their wings are attached. They have light and
hollow bones which makes their body light. When a bird flaps its wings, they move in two
special ways- upstroke and downstroke. In upstroke, the wings are lifted up and backward.
In downstroke, the wings are pushed down and forward.
The beak is a unique identification of birds from other animals. Beak is the hard pointed or
curved outer tip of a bird’s mouth. The shape of a bird’s beak depends on the kind of food it
eats.
Birds use their beak to catch and eat food. They also use it to feed their young ones and
build nests. Beaks also help birds to smoothen and clean their feathers. This is called
preening. All birds do not eat the same kind of food.
Beaks of Birds
Strong, short and hard beak Strong, sharp and hooked Strong and chisel shaped
of sparrow, pigeon and beak of flesh-eating birds or beak of hoopoe and
peacock help to bite and birds of prey like eagle, woodpecker to make hole in
crack open nuts and seeds. vulture and hawk help them the tree trunk and pull out
to tear the flesh into small insects.
pieces.
Strong and curved beak of Long and pointed beak of Birds like ducks, swan and
parrot to crack seeds and hummingbird and sunbird goose have broad and flat
nuts. help them to suck nectar beaks with tiny holes on
from flowers. both the sides. These birds
take in muddy water
containing insects, worms
and small water plants.

Types of Feathers
Flight Feathers Down Feathers Body Feathers
1. These feathers are long and These feathers are soft These feathers form a
flat. and fluffy. layer over the down
feathers.
2. They are round on the They cover the bird’s body They cover the body of
wings and the tail. They and keep it warm. the bird and give it
help the bird to fly. shape.
Claws of Birds
Perching birds like crow, Climbing birds like Flesh-eating birds like
sparrow and parrot have woodpecker have two toes eagle, vulture and hawk
long and slender claws with pointing forwards and two have strong, sharp and
three toes in front and one backwards. It helps to climb hooked claws called talons
long toe at their back. Their up and hold on to the trees. to catch their prey.
toes help them to hold the
branch of a tree firmly or
perch.
Scratching birds like hen Wading birds like heron and Swimming birds have
and quail have strong, sharp crane have long slender webbed feet like duck and
and hard claws with three legs with spread out thin swan. The webbed feet act
toes in front and one at the and long toes. These like paddles and push water
back. They use claws to wading birds can walk on back to help the bird move
scratch and dig the ground the mud in the shallow water forward.
in search of seeds and of ponds to catch their prey
worms. such as crabs and fish.

Interesting Nests of Some Birds
Birds build nests to lay and hatch their eggs and to raise their young ones. Nests are built in
safe and hidden placed like old buildings, rooftops, poles and hollows of trees.
 The weaver bird weaves a beautiful and strong nest with twigs and grass.
 The tailor bird uses its beak like a needle to sew two or three large leaves together
with plant fibres.
 The woodpecker pecks into the tree trunk with its sharp beak to make a hole or a
cavity nest.
 Partridge digs a hole in the ground amongst the plants and fills it with grass, dry
leaves etc.
 The vulture makes its nest on the higher branches of trees. It uses sticks and twigs to
make its nest. The nest looks like a shallow cup.
 A kingfisher simply burrows a hole on the bank of a river and uses this as its nest.
 Birds like penguin live in cold places and it is difficult to find twigs and leaves in such
places, so it collects small stones and pebbles to make a nest on the ground.
Birds like ostriches, penguins, kiwis and emus cannot fly. They have adapted themselves to
their habitats with other ways of movement like swimming, driving, walking and running.

Practice Questions
I. A tailor bird uses its beak-like a needle to make a nest.
II. A sparrow makes its nest in the form of a shallow cup.
2. Given below is a wrong statement. Change the word that is quoted and choose the
correct option.
A ‘peacock’ makes its nest on tree trunks with its chisel-beak to make a big
hole in the tree trunk which acts as its nest.
a. A penguin makes its nest on tree trunks with its chisel-beak to make a big hole in
the tree trunk which acts as its nest.
b. A vulture makes its nest on tree trunks with its chisel-beak to make a big hole in
c. A woodpecker makes its nest on tree trunks with its chisel-beak to make a big
hole in the tree trunk which acts as its nest.
d. A cuckoo makes its nest on tree trunks with its chisel-beak to make a big hole in
3. Students have a pack of cards to organise into groups. Each card has a picture of a
different bird. The cards that belong to group 1 are shown below:
Peafowl Red headed trogon Wild dove
a.
b.

c.
d.
4. Rajesh grouped three birds together as shown in the box below:
All these are _______ birds.

a. perching
b. swimming
c. flightless
d. running
5. Search the name of an omnivorous black bird that says ‘caw-caw’ from the wonder
box given below.
Y M W P J T I Q R
B O A C E L U O Z
a. Sparrow
b. Eagle
c. Pigeon
d. Crow

P: Perching bird – Mynah
Q: Wading bird – Swan
R: Scratching bird – Crane
S: Running bird – Ostrich
a. Q and R
b. P and S
c. R and P
d. S and Q

7. Study the chart below and spot the birds that belong to group Y and group Z
respectively:
Birds
Group Y Group Z
Hawk Emu
a. X – Bat, Y – Cassowary
b. X – Goose, Y – Flamingo
c. X – Vulture, Y – Kiwi
d. X – Owl, Y – Penguin
8. Riya saw a bird walking and scratching the soil for worms and seeds. Which kind of
foot would the bird have?
a.
b.
c.
d.

9. Refer the given figure showing different types of bird's beaks and answer the
questions that follows:
a b c
I. Which of these bird’s beak is suitable for sucking nectar from flowers?
II. Which of these bird’s beak is suitable for biting and crack open nuts and
seeds?
III. Which of these bird’s beak is suitable for tearing flesh?
a. I – b, II – c, III – a
b. I – a, II – b, III – c
c. I – b, II – a, III – c
d. I – c, II – a, III – b
10. Consider the two statements and choose the correct option:
Statement I: Sarus crane is the world’s tallest flying bird.
Statement II: Pigeons are the longest living birds.
a. Statement I is correct and statement II is wrong
b. Statement I is wrong and statement II is correct
c. Both the statements are correct
d. Both the statements are wrong
11. Read the statements carefully and state which of them are true (T) or false (F):
I. Cassowary is a flightless bird.
II. A crow lays eggs in the nest of other birds.
III. Falcons are the birds of prey.
IV. A hummingbird is the smallest bird and it can fly backwards but it cannot
walk.
a. TTFF
b. FFFT
c. TFTT
d. FTFT
12. Henry listed four birds, namely parrot, sparrow, mynah and hawk, together in the
same group. But his friends argued that one bird is an odd one out in the group and
gave different reasons for this. Which of these friends argued correctly?
a. Norah – Hawk is a flesh-eating bird unlike others
b. Sarah – Mynah is a climbing bird unlike others
c. Emmy – Parrot is a perching bird unlike others
d. Sophie – Sparrow is a scratching bird unlike others

13. Read the clues given below and identify the type of feather described:
Clue I – These feathers are long and flat.
Clue II – These feathers are round on the wings and the tail.
Clue III – These feathers help the birds to fly.
a. Tail feathers
b. Flight feathers
c. Down feathers
d. Body feathers
14. Complete the table given below about the bird’s beak:
Name of the bird Colour of the bird Type of beak
Parrot Green A
Hoopoe Black and White B
a. A – Curved, B – Chisel
b. A – Curved, B – Pointed
c. A – Pointed, B – Flat
d. A – Flat, B – Hooked
15. What is similar among the given birds?
Duck, Swan, Pelican
a. They are all flightless birds.

b. They are all swimming birds with webbed feet
c. They are all climbing birds.
d. They are all perching birds.
16. In the following four groups of birds, one member is the ODD one out. Select the
option in which the odd member is underlined INCORRECTLY:
a. Heron, Crane, Rooster
b. Duck, Swan, Hoopoe
c. Emu, Pigeon, Kiwi
d. Eagle, Vulture, Woodpecker
17. Which of the following pair of birds dig their nests using their beaks and feet?
a. Swallow and Kingfisher
b. Vulture and Ostrich
c. Cuckoo and Crow
d. Hens and Peacock

18. Look at the picture of two birds given below and identify the similarity between them:
a. They do not build their own nests.

b. They can fly only a short distance.
c. They are flightless birds.
d. They build their nests on the ground.
19. Select the correct option from below which on unscrambling gives the name of the
only bird that walks straight:
a. S C H O T I R
b. P O A S R W R
c. H M Y A N
d. N P E I G N U
20. Name the following:

I. The egg of this bird is the size of a pea.
II. A bird with broad and short beak which is sticky from inside.
a. I – Humming bird, II – Swallow

b. I – Sparrow, II – Parrot
c. I – Peacock, II – Woodpecker
d. I – Swallow, II – Hummingbird

Chapter Food
3
Food
Just as petrol gives energy to the car, same way food provides energy to our body to carry
out various activities in our daily life
Functions of Food
1. Food helps us in growth and development and provides us energy to do work and
play.
2. Food helps in the repair and maintenance of different body parts.
3. Food helps us to stay fit and healthy.
4. Food also protects us from infectious diseases.
Food contains special substances called nutrients. Nutrients are useful substances present
in food that are essential for the growth and maintenance of our body. There are 7 essential
nutrients namely carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water and fibre.
Nutrients Functions Sources
Carbohydrates Foods rich in carbohydrates are called Bread, potatoes, rice,
Energy-giving foods as they provide us maize, sugar, honey,
energy to do various activities in our daily wheat etc.
life.
Fats Fats store energy. Fats protect the body Oils, butter, cheese,
against cold. They also protect the internal ghee, nuts and meat
organs of the body. Foods rich in fats are
also called energy giving foods.
Proteins Proteins are called the 'BUILDING Pulses, meat, fish,
BLOCKS' in the body since they build and eggs etc.
repair the damaged cells and help in body
maintenance. Foods rich in proteins are
called Body-building foods.
Vitamins Fruits and vegetables are called Protective Fruits and Vegetables
foods and they contain vitamins and
minerals.
They protect us against diseases and
keep us healthy and strong. They help us
to have a good vision, healthy gums and a
glowing skin.
Minerals Minerals are substances that help in the Fruits and vegetables
formation of blood, bone and teeth.
Water Water maintains the body temperature, Juices and water
dissolves the minerals and vitamins that from fruits and
transports them to different parts of the vegetables
body. Water also helps in digestion.

Fibre Fibre is also called 'Roughage'. Fibre Fruits, vegetables,
helps to get all the undigested food out of nuts and grains.
the body.
Classification of Foods
Food-Fuel for the body

All living organisms need food for growth and good health. Plants prepare their own food by
the process called photosynthesis.
Sources of Food
Fruits, vegetables, pulses, cereals and nuts are obtained from plant and are eaten either raw
or cooked.
Plant Parts that We Eat

Edible plant parts Examples
Roots Turnip, beetroot, radish, carrot etc.
Stems Onion, potato, ginger, sugarcane, turmeric etc.
Leaves Spinach, lettuce, coriander etc.
Fruits Mango, orange, guava, pineapple, grapes etc.
Flowers Cauliflower, broccoli, flower of banana plant etc.
Seeds Wheat, maize, rice, millet etc.

Meat, fish, milk, honey and eggs are obtained from animals. Using things that animals give
us, we make other products from them. Butter, paneer and cheese are made from milk.
Milk is a complete food and also contains water to a large extent. Drinking milk regularly
protects out body against diseases. Milk is rich in proteins, fat, calcium and vitamin D
required for strong bones and teeth.
Balanced Diet
The human body needs various nutrients in certain specific amounts. A diet that contains all
the essential nutrients in an appropriate amount is called a balanced diet.
Food Pyramid
 A food pyramid tells us what to eat and in what quantity.

 For example, it shows us that we need the maximum amount of healthy
carbohydrates, smaller amounts of vitamins and minerals and smaller amounts of
proteins and very tiny amount of fats and oils in our diet.
 We should eat foods from each shelf of the food pyramid in the correct amounts each
day.

Food Preservation
 All food items get spoiled at room temperature after some time. It is because of the
harmful bacteria or germs. Such foods have peculiar smell and do not taste good.
The process of keeping food in such a way that preserves its nutrients for a long time
that is weeks or months and prevents the growth of germs is called food
preservation.
Ways of Preserving Foods

1. Refrigeration- A refrigerator keeps food cool at a low temperature. Fruits, vegetables,
milk and cooked foods are preserved in refrigerator. Seafood, meat, cut fruits and
vegetables can be frozen at very low temperature.
2. Boiling - Milk is boiled to keep it fresh for long time and make it safe for drinking.
3. Drying - Food is dried by removing all the water content from it then stored in air-tight
containers. Fruits like figs and grapes are dried. People in coastal areas dry fish with
salt in the sun.
4. Salt and oil are added in pickles and sugar is added while making jam and jellies.
These preservatives prevent the growth of germs for a long time.

Practice Questions
different object. The cards that belong to group 1 are shown below:
a.
b.
c.
d.
2. Look at the picture of the food item given below and identify the main nutrient present
in them:
a. Fats
b. Proteins
c. Carbohydrates
d. Fibre

3. Read the given statements below:
I. Some food items can be eaten raw without cooking like apple, watermelon,
banana etc.
II. A person eating too much of fats can suffer from obesity.
III. Water maintains our body temperature.
IV. Eating junk food very often can lead to health problems.
Which of these statements is/are correct?
a. I and II
b. III and IV
c. I, II, III and IV
d. Only III
4. Match the following:

I. Source of vitamin C
II. Carbohydrate rich food
a. I – Potato, II – Cereals
b. I – Cereals, II – Apple
c. I – Paneer, II – Rice
d. I – Orange, II – Potato
5. Read the following and choose the correct option:

Habit I: Most of the food that Meera eats falls into the milk, fruit and cereal group.
Habit II: Leena eats spaghetti or pizza for breakfast.
a. Habit I is correct but habit II is wrong
b. Habit I is wrong but habit II is correct
c. Both the habits are correct
d. Both the habits are wrong
6. Look at the picture given below and identify the preservative used to make raspberry
jam:
a. Oil and spices

b. Salt and water
c. Only sugar
d. Only vinegar

7. Select the option which on unscrambling gives the name of the nutrient that helps to
get all the undigested food out of the human body.
a. SPTRIOEN
b. GUGOAHRE
c. TVAMNISI
d. NALISMRA
8. Read the given statement and select the option that correctly fills the blanks:
We get medicines from the ___(i)_____ of clove and chamomile whereas we get
chocolate from the ___(ii)______ of a cacao tree.
a. i – seeds, ii – leaves
b. i – stems, ii – fruits
c. i – flowers, ii – seeds
d. i – leaves, ii – roots
9. Which of the following kind of food give us strength to fight against disease?
I. Carbohydrates rich food
II. Fat rich food
III. Protein rich food
IV. Vitamins and minerals rich food
a. Only IV
b. Only II
c. II and III
d. II, III and IV
10. Study the given flowchart and select the option which can correctly be identified as D,
E and F:
a. D – Egg, E – Maize, F – Cheese

b. D – Potato, E – Egg, F – Vegetables
c. D – Bread, E – Fruits, F – Fish
d. D – Butter, E – Spinach, F – Soyabean

11. State whether the following statements and true (T) or false (F):
I. Cooking makes food soft, tasty and easy to chew and digest.
II. People who mostly eat animal products like meat, fish, eggs are called non-
vegetarians.
III. People who do physical work like labourers need to eat foods rich in proteins.
IV. We eat the stem of turnip.
a. TTFF
b. FFFT
c. TFTT
d. FTFT
12. Which of the following product do you get from the animal whose name is obtained
on unscrambling the given letters?
LFBAFUO
a.
b.
c.
d.

13. Search the name of a preservation method used for preserving milk at home from the
wonder box given below.
G M S P W I R Q H
I O A C B L U N L
a. Canning
b. Pickling
c. Boiling
d. Drying

P: Protein – Orange
Q: Eaten raw – Tomato
R: Carbohydrate – Wheat
S: Dairy product – Egg
a. Q and R
b. P and S
c. Q and P
d. S and R
15. Complete the pattern shown below by identifying 'X' correctly.

Plant product : Pineapple :: Animal product : X
a. Corn
b. Cashew nut
c. Peas
d. Butter
16. Look at the pictures given below and identify the similarity between them correctly:
a. They both are leaves that we eat.

b. They both are flowers that we eat.
c. They both are fruits that we eat.
d. They both are stems that we eat.

17. Given below are pictures of two groups of food stuff.
On what basis have they been grouped?
a. Group I are protein rich foods and group II are fibre rich foods
b. Group I are rich in water content and group II are fatty foods
c. Group I are carbohydrate rich foods and group II are protein rich foods
d. Group I are fibre rich foods and group II are vitamin rich foods
18. In the following options, four groups of plant parts used as food are given. Select the
option in which the odd member is underlined INCORRECTLY:
a. Carrot, Sugarcane, Turmeric, Asparagus
b. Lettuce, Mint, Spinach, Potato
c. Cauliflower, Mango, Papaya, Banana
d. Turnip, Carrot, Broccoli, Beetroot
19. Two classmates were having a class discussion about food preservation. This is
what they said:
Student I: Jellies are preserved by salt and oil.
Student II: People in coastal areas dry potatoes with salt in the sun.
Student III: Seafood and peas are preserved by refrigeration.
Which of the student spoke correctly?
a. All three students
b. Student I only
c. Student II only
d. Student III only
20. What is common among the given food items?
Tomato, Pumpkin, Cucumber, Brinjal

I. They are all root vegetables.
II. They all are fruits that are eaten as vegetables.
III. They are all stem vegetables.
IV. They are all flower parts of the plant.
a. Only II
b. II and III
c. I and III
d. I and IV

Chapter
Housing and Clothing
4
Housing
 A home is a place where we stay with our family. Our house protects us from heat,
cold, storm and rain. It keeps us and our belongings safe from wild animals and
thieves. Earlier people used to live in caves on mountain tops. A house may be big or
small. Houses are built according to the climate of the place where we live.
 Special features of a good or ideal house include the following:
1. Proper ventilation
2. Ample amount of sunlight
3. Proper garbage disposal facilities
4. Sufficient water supply
5. Sanitation and drainage facilities
Types of Houses
Tent: People that keep moving from place to place live in tents made of canvas or cloth.
This type of house is temporary and movable. Mostly used for camping outdoors and also
used by soldiers.
Igloo: In very cold places peoples make dome shaped houses made of ice blocks called
igloos.

Caravan: Caravan is also known as the house on wheels. Gypsies and nomads live in such
houses and it can be moved from one place to another.
Stilt House: They are built on stilts and have sloped roofs to keep the house dry from
constant rains. These houses are made up of different materials like cement, wood, stone or
bamboo.
In mountainous regions people build houses with sloping roofs so that the rain water and
snow can slide down easily.
In the plains, people usually make houses with flat roofs.

Clothing
 We wear clothes to protect ourselves from heat, rain, cold and insect bites. It also
makes us look smart and beautiful.
 The diversity across cultures and regions is the reason why people wear different
types of clothes.
 We wear different types of clothes at different times of the year. Light cotton clothes
keep us cool when it is hot. Woollen clothes keep us warm when it is cold. We wear
raincoats and gumboots to protect us from rain. They prevent us from getting wet.
 Clothes are made from different fibres. A material which is available in the form of
thin and continuous strand is called a fibre.
Types of Fibres:
Natural Fibres: The fibres which are obtained from plants and animals are called natural
fibres. Examples are cotton, jute, and silk from silkworm and wool from sheep.
Cotton fibre is obtained from the seed of the cotton plant. Cotton grows in pods.

Jute fibre is obtained from the stem of the plant. Jute bags, ropes, mats etc. are made from
jute fibre.
Sheep gives us wool. The thick hair that grows on the body of the sheep is collected then
cleaned and made into woollen threads. Wool is used to knit sweaters, caps, shawls etc.
We get silk from silkworms and they feed on mulberry leaves. They give out a long, sticky
thread from their mouth. The threads of cocoon are collected, processed and woven into silk.
Man-Made Fibres: The fibres that are synthesized in the laboratory are called man-made
fibres. Examples are nylon, acrylic, polyester etc.
Rayon/Artificial Silk Polyester
Nylon Acrylic

Practice Questions
1. Select the incorrect match:
a. Tent – Cement and bricks
b. Igloo – Snow house
c. Caravan – Movable house
d. Stilt house – Wood
2. Read the statement given below and correctly identify the type of house described:
‘Campers, soldiers, mountaineers and construction workers use this kind of house. It
is made up of canvas’.
a. A houseboat
b. A tent house
c. A caravan
d. A house with flat roof
3. Fill in the blank with a suitable term:

All of the following clothing items are needed in the same season except
___________
a.
b.
c.
d.
4. Fill in the blanks with suitable terms:

I. Acrylic is a __________ fibre
II. We wear gumboots to keep ourselves dry during the ________ season.
a. I – synthetic, II – rainy
b. I – natural, II – summer
c. I – plant, II – autumn
d. I – animal, II – winter

5. Which of the following is not a correct combination about source of fibres?
a. Bolls – Cotton
b. Stem – Jute
c. Skin – Wool
d. Cocoon – Silk
6. State whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):
I. Stilt houses are made ten to eleven feet above the ground.
II. In places with heavy snow fall and rainfall, people build houses with flat roofs.
III. Igloo is also called snow house.
a. I – True, II – True, III – False
b. I – True, II – False, III – False
c. I – False, II – True, III – True
d. I – True, II – False, III –True
7. The house shown in the given figure is favourable for which of the following areas?
a. Areas having hot and dry weather

b. Areas having heavy rainfall and floods
c. Areas having heavy snowfall
d. Areas having regular famine
8. Arun was looking around for a new house. He lives in an area where there is heavy
rain and snow fall. He should look for a house that has:
a. Circular roof
b. Rectangular roof
c. Flat roof
d. Sloping roof
9. What is common between the two items shown in the image below?
a. Both are made from cotton fibres.

b. Both are made from silk fibres.
c. Both are made from jute fibres.
d. Both are made from rayon fibres.

10. Study the given relationship related to the types of fibres.
Which of the following fibre can be placed at X?
Plant Fibre : X :: Animal Fibre : Wool
a. Nylon
b. Acrylic
c. Silk
d. Cotton
11. Select the option which on unscrambling gives the name of the type of house in
which gypsies and nomads live as they move from one place to another:
a. T B A H S U O E O
b. A R C A V N A
c. K R S R S P Y P A E C
d. G L W U B O N A
12. Study the given table carefully and select the correct option regarding fibres M, N and
O:
Fibres Natural Fibre Keep body warm
M Yes Yes
N Yes No
O No No
a. M could be obtained from sheep whereas O could be polyester.

b. M could be obtained from jute plant whereas O could be obtained from silkworm.
c. N could be wool whereas O could be linen.
d. N could be rayon whereas O could be nylon.
13. Search the name of ‘a plant fibre obtained from flax’ from the wonder box given
below:
N J W P K T I Q R
B S A C E L U N Z
a. Jute
b. Linen
c. Cotton
d. Rayon
14. Look at the image of two building materials namely wood and bamboo as given
below.
Identify the type of house mainly made with such materials:
a. Stilt house
b. Igloo
c. Hut
d. Tent

15. Select the correct statement about the clothes made of fibre obtained from the animal
shown in the picture below:
a. They trap air and keep us warm.

b. They keep us cool.
c. They are waterproof.
d. They do not catch fire.
16. Four children made the following statements about houses.

Whose statements about houses is/are true?
Ajay – People build houses on trees where it rains a lot.
Manav – A house made of cloth is called tent.
Vinay – A house made of wood is called igloo.
Mohit – Houseboats are normally made of cement and bricks and are generally found
in oceans.
a. Only Vinay
b. Only Manav
c. Manav, Vinay and Ashok
d. Mohit, Vinay and Manav.
Statement I: Clothes are made from natural as well as synthetic fibres.
Statement II: We should store silk and woollen clothes with mothballs or dried neem
leaves.
18. Starting from first letter strike out every alternate letter to get the name of the house
that floats in water:
a. ZCDAFRHABVJAMN
b. GHKOLUFSRENBWOZAQT
c. PIAGNLMONO
d. KHJUYTF
19. Rani lives in a building where many other families live on different floors. Mayur lives
in a house which is occupied by only her family.
Select the correct option regarding this:
a. Rani lives in a bungalow
b. Mayur lives in a stilt house
c. Rani lives in an apartment
d. Mayur lives in a skyscraper

20. Maya is going to desert on a science trip during her summer vacation. Select the
option which on unscrambling gives the name of a type of clothing that she can wear
over there:
a. C K F R O
b. C E K T J A
c. F U M L R E F
d. A N O T C R I A

Transport and Communication
Chapter
5
Transport
Transport helps us to move from one place to another. The movement or transfer of animals,
people or goods from one place to another is referred to as transport.
Means of Transport: The vehicles used to move goods and passengers from one place to
another are called means of transport.
Modes of Transport: Goods, people and animals can be transported by road, rail, water or
air. Different mediums used for transportation are known as the modes of transport.
Modes of transport can be broadly classified into three categories- Land transport, water
transport and air transport.
Land Transport: The movement of goods and passengers from one place to another on
land is called land transport. Land transport is of two types namely road transport and rail
transport.
 Roads connect different villages, towns and cities.

 Roads provide door-to-door transfer of goods and people.
 Vehicles ply on the road.
The vehicles that carry passengers and goods by land such as cars, trucks, scooters, auto
rickshaws, buses and trains are called means of land transport.
 We travel by train which move on tracks to long distances. Rail transport includes
passenger trains, good train, metro or subway trains and trams.
 Rail transport carries a greater number of people or goods compared to road
transport. Nowadays trains run on electricity.

Air Transport: The movement of goods and passengers from one place to another through
air to reach far-off places within hours is called air transport. Helicopter and aeroplanes carry
goods and people and are known as means of air transport.
 It is the fastest means of transport and also the expensive one as well.
 Hot air balloon is used for pleasure rides.
Water Transport: The movement of goods and passengers from one place to another on
water is called water transport.
 Boats, yacht, submarines, cargo ships, steamers, sailboats, cruise ships are some
means of water transport.
 For transport of people or goods water-based vehicles are used.
 Boats sail along big rivers whereas ships sail along seas and oceans carrying
passengers and goods from one place to another.
 Water transport is usually slow as compared to road, rail or air transport.
Special Vehicles- Vehicles that are used for special purposes are termed as special
vehicles such as cable cars, hot air balloons, ambulance, police van, fire truck post van etc.

Communication:
 We communicate to exchange our thoughts, ideas, opinions and information among
different people. Sending or receiving information or messages for personal or official
purpose is called communication.
 Long ago, trained pigeons carried messages from one place to another later people
went on foot or on animals to deliver messages but these means were slow and not
reliable. Today we have several faster and more reliable means of communication.
Types of Communication
Verbal Communication:
 Here we use words to express our thoughts. Two main forms of verbal
communication are written and oral communication.
 Written communication means communicating by writing which includes hand written
letters, documents, typed documents, email, text chats, textbooks etc.
 In oral communication, we speak words either face to face or over the phone. This
includes speech, lecture or voice chats.
Non-Verbal Communication:
 It does not involve any use of words. It is done through facial expressions, body
gestures, signs, drawings, graphic design, colour, pictures, paintings etc.
 For example, waving hand, pointing a finger, smiling, making faces to express our
feelings and emotions.
Means of Communication:
Messages and invitation card are sent to people who live in far-off places. The means that
we use to send these messages or information are called the means of communication.
 Sending messages by letters is not popular these days but was most commonly used
in olden days. The postal system delivers postcards, letters and parcels physically.
Stamps, postcards and inland letters etc. are available at the post office.
 The fastest means of communication is telephone.
 Written messages can be easily sent through fax machine, e-mails, postcards,
telegrams, contracts etc.
 Mobile or cellular phones are wireless and used to send instant messages or SMS.
 Companies often need to advertise their products to a large number of people at the
same time. Similarly, news about what is happening around the world has to reach a
large number of people at the same time. For this purpose, newspapers, radio,
television and magazines are used. These are also referred to as means of mass
communication.
 Computer helps us to log into internet, check and send emails, pictures and
messages instantly from one computer to another.

Practice Questions
1. Select the odd one out from below on the basis of the modes of transport:
a.
b.
c.
d.
2. Which of the following are means of mass communication?

P – Radio
Q – Internet
R – Television
S – Letter
T – Telephone
U - Newspaper
a. P, Q, R and U
b. P, S, R and T
c. Q, S and U only
d. T and U only
3. People use various means of transport to travel from one place to another whether
short distance or far.
Which of the following cannot be used by people to travel from one place to another?

a. Bus
b. Car
c. Fire truck
d. Scooter
4. Your grandfather suddenly suffered a heart attack and your father needs to be
informed who is in office. Which of the following modes will you most preferably use
in order to communicate to your father at the earliest?
a. Telegram
b. Telephonic Call
c. Email
d. Letter
5. Select the CORRECT match:

a. Ambulance – Carries children to school.
b. Hot air balloon – Carries policemen and criminals.
c. Fire truck – Carries water and bricks to build a house.
d. Post van – Used to collect and deliver mail.
6. In which of the following groups is the ODD ONE underlined correctly?

a. Inland letter, Pay phone, Postcard
b. Newspaper, Magazines, Cordless phone
c. Radio, Television, SMS
d. Landline phone, Mobile phone, Television
7. Two means of transport (I and II) are given below. Identify them and select the
correct option regarding them:
I II
a. I is an ambulance which runs on land.
b. II is a parachute which flies in air.
c. I is police jeep which runs on land.
d. II is a glider which dives in water.

I. Trucks are used for carrying loads from one place to another.
II. Ambulance is used to carry patients to the hospitals.

9. Unscramble the letters given in the option and identify among the options the name
of the means of transport can carry maximum number of passengers:
a. R A C
b. R T I A N
c. Y C L B E C I
d. S U B
10. Select the CORRECT match:

a. Urgent messages – Post cards
b. Internet – Email
c. Letter – Mass communication
d. Picture news - Tape recorder
11. I am a water transport.

I am used by soldiers and scientists to travel under water.
Starting from the first letter cross out every alternate letter in the following options
and select the one which gives my name.
a. RAJMLBTUOLWAVNPCDE
b. GCSAQBRLTEPCHAXR
c. TSGUJBNMWATROIZNFE
d. PCDAGRYATVUAZN
12. Which of the following statements are CORRECT?

I. Hand written document, email, text chats are examples of oral
communication.
II. Radio and television can be used to inform large number of people at the
same time.
III. Newspaper is a means of mass communication.
IV. Non-verbal communication does not involve use of words.
V. We can send messages through e-mails from a computer.
a. Only I and II
b. Only II and V
c. Only III and IV
d. II, III, IV and V
13. Students have a pack of cards to organise into groups.

Each card has a picture of a different means of transport. The cards that belong to
group 1 are shown below:
Steamer Yacht Cruise

ship
a.

b.
c.
d.
14. Which of the following statement is INCORRECT?

a. People who cannot speak or hear, communicate through sign language.
b. Urgent messages can be sent instantly through fax and e-mail.
c. Postcard is an example of mass communication.
d. Emails and cellular phones are examples of modern means of communication.
15. Modes of transport are of three types namely land, water and air respectively. Select
the option that includes one example from each type.
a. Cargo ship, Hot air balloon, Subway train
b. Fire truck, Submarine, Glider
c. Scooter, Parachute, Steam engine
d. Steamer, Tramcar, Bike
16. Read the statements given below and correctly identify X and Y from the given
options:
X is an audio-visual means of mass communication.
Y is a means of written personal communication.
a. X – Television, Y – E-mail
b. X – Magazine, Y - Letter
c. X – Newspaper, Y – Telephone
d. X – Radio, Y – Magazine
17. Henry is a tourist from Australia. Which means of transport he must choose to reach
India and visit Taj Mahal?
a. Passenger train
b. Aeroplane
c. Bus
d. Car

18. Three students were having a conversation about communication and this is what
they said:
Asha – To send emails, computer should be connected to the radio.
Bharath – Nowadays smoke signals are used for communication.
Kevin – A telephone is the quickest and most convenient means of two-way audio
communication.
Whose statement about communication is TRUE?
a. Asha and Bharath
b. Bharath and Kevin
c. Asha and Kevin
d. Only Kevin
19. Look at the images shown below and identify the means of land transport:
a. A, B and C
b. A, C and E
c. A, B, C and E
d. A, B, C and D
Statement I: A fax is used to send and receive copies of printed or written matter.
Statement II: Radio is an audio-visual means of communication.

Chapter
6 Human Body
Our body is made up of different parts like hands, legs, eyes, ears etc. Each of these parts
can perform some special work. Parts of our body which performs a particular function are
called organs.
We can see some of our organs such as the eyes, ears, nose, skin and tongue. These are
called our external organs.

There are some other organs that are located inside our body. We cannot see them. These
are our internal organs such as brain, lungs, heart, stomach etc.
Internal Organs Shape and Structure Location Function

Brain Soft and delicate Head Controls all our
activities
Lungs Spongy bones Chest Help us to breathe
Stomach J- shaped Abdomen Helps in digestion
Kidney Bean shaped Lower abdomen Filters impurities
Heart Reddish brown organ Chest Pumps blood

containing oxygen
and nutrients
throughout the body.
Liver Brownish coloured Upper abdomen Helps in digestion

and removes toxins
or waste chemicals
formed in our body.
There are 206 bones in our body. These form the skeleton. Muscles are attached to the
bones and they help in moving our body. There are more than 600 muscles in our body.
Several organs performing the same function are grouped together to form an organ system.
Sense Organs – External organs

We are able to perceive the world around us with the help of specialized organs in our body
called sense organs. All the sense organs are connected to the brain through the nerves.
The brain controls our thoughts, memory and speech, movement of the arms and legs and
function of many organs within our body.

Thus, seeing, hearing, and smelling, tasting and feeling actually takes place in the brain. All
the organs work together in our body to keep us healthy and fit.
The Five Sense Organs

Eye Ear Nose Tongue Skin
Eyes help us to Ears helps us Humans have The tongue Skin is the
see the world hear sounds. one nose with helps us taste largest sense
around us. The ear has two nostrils. food. organ in our
three parts, the We breathe in body and
inner, middle oxygen and covers the
and the outer give out carbon entire body.
ear. dioxide through
our nose.
Main Organ Systems and Their Functions

Nervous System

The brain, spinal cord and the nerves make up the nervous system. Actions and reactions in
our body are controlled by the nervous system. The brain sends messages to all the parts of
our body through nerves. It is the major part of the nervous system and controls our sense
organs.
Excretory System
The excretory system allows us to get rid of all the waste material from our body. There are
two kidneys in the human body that filters liquid waste from the blood in the form of urine.
The skin also removes excess water and salt in the form of sweat.
Circulatory System
The circulatory system is made up of the heart, blood and blood vessels. It helps to transport
blood from the heart to various parts of the body rich in oxygen and nutrients and throws out
carbon dioxide and other waste materials. Blood is pumped from the heart and collected in
the heart only.

Muscular System
Muscular system is made up of muscles which cover our entire body. Muscles are attached
to the bones which help them to move. Muscles are present over all the organs of our body.
Skeletal System
All the bones of our body, together make a skeleton. The skeleton gives shape and structure
to our body. Our skeleton has many joints at the places where two bones meet.
The skeletal system and muscular system are collectively responsible for movement.
Respiratory System

The respiratory system consists of the nose, wind pipe and the lungs. It helps us to breathe
air. We take in air through the nose. From the nose the air goes down the wind pipe into the
lungs.
Respiration also known as breathing is the process which takes in oxygen from the air and
removes the carbon dioxide from the body.
Digestive System
The digestive system is a group of organs working together to break down food into simpler
form which makes it easy for the body to digest, absorb and use.
Digestion of food is important so that we can easily obtain energy from the food we eat.
The digestive system is a group of organs consisting of the mouth, oesophagus or food pipe,
stomach, liver, pancreas, small and large intestine, rectum and anus which together perform
the functions of digestion.
Digestion starts in the mouth where the food is chewed and broken into smaller pieces with
the help of teeth. The food that remains undigested passes into the large intestine.
The end of the process of digestion happens in rectum where the waste matter remains for a
short period and finally solid waste is removed from the body through the anus.
Reproductive System
The organs of this system help to ensure survival of the species. The organs of the
reproductive system are different for both male and female.

Practice Questions
1. Select the CORRECT option:
a. Controls our actions – Reproductive system
b. Helps in producing offspring - Digestive system
c. Provides oxygen to all the parts of the body – Respiratory system
d. Removes wastes from the body – Excretory system
2. Two students were having a classroom discussion about different body organ
systems.
Choose the correct option related to the statements made by these two students.
Ajit: We can feel cold, heat, pain etc. due to our nervous system.
Amit: Stomach and heart are organs of the circulatory system.
a. Ajit is incorrect but Amit is correct
b. Ajit is correct but Amit is incorrect
c. Both Ajit and Amit are incorrect
d. Both Ajit and Amit are correct
3. Rohan lifted a heavy box from the ground and kept it on the terrace.
Spot the two organ systems that helped him to do this.
a. Digestive System, Circulatory system

b. Muscular system, Nervous system
c. Skeletal system, Muscular system
d. Circulatory system, Excretory system
4. Which one of the following does not correctly show the parts of the given body
system?
a. Skeletal System – Skull, Ribcage, Backbone
b. Circulatory System – Lungs, Blood vessels, Blood
c. Digestive System – Mouth, Gullet, Small intestine, Large intestine
d. Respiratory System – Nose, Windpipe, Lungs
5. Read the given statements made by four students.

Peter – I love the smell of glue when I make craft items at home.
Priya – My hair feels very smooth and soft after using new shampoo.
Rakesh – I love the pictures of my cousin’s wedding.
Meera – I love the musical sound of wind chimes hanging at the door of my bedroom.

Now select the correct option regarding the statements above:
a. Peter used the sense which helps us to choose a good perfume.
b. Priya used the sense which helps us to identify a black and white object.
c. Rakesh used the sense which helps us to respond to a door bell.
d. Meera used the sense which helps to differentiate between a hot and cold
chocolate.
6. For which of the following activities sense of sight is most important?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
7. Two students gave the following statements in a classroom discussion about an

organ in the human body named 'Z'.
Leena: There are two bean shaped organs.
Maya: If they stops functioning then toxins in our body will not be removed.
From the above discussion try to identify organ Z.
a. Lungs
b. Brain
c. Stomach
d. Kidney
8. Read the following statements and choose the correct option:

Statement I: There are 206 bones in an adult human body.
Statement II: Reproductive system is the only organ system that consists of different
organs in a man and a woman.
a. Statement I is correct but statement II is wrong
b. Statement I is wrong but statement II is correct

9. Mahesh was playing in the park with his friends and suddenly he fell down and broke
his ribcage. Which of his internal organs are now in danger?
I. Small intestine
II. Stomach
III. Heart
IV. Lungs
a. I and II
b. III and IV
c. I and III
d. II and IV
10. Search the name of the type of teeth that are present in front of each jaw and are
four in each jaw, from the wonder box given below.
N M S P J T I N I
B R A C E L U O S
a. Canines
b. Molars
c. Premolars
d. Incisors
11. Observe the picture shown below and answer the question that follows.
Human digestive system begins from the mouth.
What is the tube that connects your mouth to the stomach called?
a. Oesophagus
b. Trachea
c. Bronchi
d. Small intestine
12. To enjoy a sweet candy, it must be placed in which part of the tongue?

a. Part marked (i)
b. Part marked (ii)
c. Part marked (iii)
d. Part marked (iv)
13. Arrange the following in the correct order:

I. After this the food goes into the large intestine, which absorbs the additional
water.
II. The food goes into stomach from the food pipe.
III. The gastric juices that come from the stomach walls, helps the food get
digested and kill the bacteria in the food if any.
IV. After this the food enters into the small intestine so that the body can absorb
vitamins, minerals etc.
a. I, II, III, IV
b. II, III, IV, I
c. IV, III, II, I
d. III, IV, I, II
14. Which of the following is INCORRECTLY classified?

a. Respiratory System – Anus; Skeletal System – Brain
b. Respiratory System – Wind pipe; Skeletal System – Spine
c. Respiratory System – Lungs; Skeletal System – Skull
d. Respiratory System – Nasal openings; Skeletal System – Rib cage
15. Unscramble the given alphabets to get the name of a sense organ that will help you
differentiate between a rose and a sunflower:
a. A R E S
b. S Y E E
c. R I A B N
d. O G E T N U
16. Four of Mr. Roy’s students made a statement about human body parts.
Which of the four students made the correct statement?
a. Mahi – I often have asthma attacks and I think I have some problem with my
kidneys.
b. Harry – My friend blindfolded me while we both were playing and I could not tell
the difference between hot and cold coffee so I lost the game.
c. Aria – Our brain is called the master organ of our body as it helps us in breathing.
d. Tara – My nose is blocked due to cold so I am unable to detect the fragrance of
the perfume.

17. Refer to the given classification chart.
Body Parts
Group M Group N
Neck Heart
Elbow Brain
Knee Lungs
X Y
What can be placed at X and Y?
a. X - Legs, Y – Forehead
b. X - Hands, Y – Kidneys
c. X - Stomach, Y – Nose
d. X - Foot, Y – Lips
18. Select the INCORRECT statement from the following:

a. Muscles and bones work together as a team to help us perform different
movements.
b. Cardiac muscle pumps our heart.
c. There are less than 200 muscles in our body.
d. The place where two or more bones join together is called a joint.
19. Choose the correct option and complete the following sentences:
I. The system which helps to removes waste materials from the body is
______________.
II. The function of hair inside our nose is _________________.
a. I - digestive system, II - to not to let too much air go inside
b. I - circulatory system, II - to make it look beautiful
c. I - excretory system, II - not to let dirt particles enter our lungs
d. I - respiratory system, II - to keep the lungs cold
Statement I: We can feel cold, heat, pain etc. due to our nervous system.
Statement II: Brain protects our heart from injuries.

Chapter
Earth and Universe
7
Our Universe is an unimaginable vast expanse of dust, gas, galaxies, planets, stars, rocks,
clouds and all living creatures including us. Stars and galaxies are just a tiny part of the total
mass of the universe. Galaxies are huge star systems made up of stars and huge amounts
of gas and dust held together by gravitational attraction. Our solar system comprising of 8
planets and their moons, asteroids, comets, meteoroids orbiting the sun is the part of the
Milky Way Galaxy. There are millions of such planetary systems in our Milky Way and there
are millions of galaxies in the Universe. The planets in our solar system, their satellites and
stars and other heavenly bodies are our neighbours in our universe.
Planet Earth: It is the third planet in our solar system that receives sufficient amount of
sunlight for life to exist. The Earth is enveloped by a blanket of air known as the atmosphere.
The atmosphere consists of life sustaining gases like nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide
and three-fourth of its surface is covered with water. The earth is also known to have life
thus called the blue planet. The surface of the earth is made up of land and water. Earth’s
shape is called an oblate spheroid as it is bulged at the equator and flat at the poles.
Our neighbourhood in Space:

Stars- The stars are twinkling luminous heavenly bodies. They give out heat and light of
their own. There are millions of stars present in the sky but are very far away from the Earth.
That is the reason they look like tiny specks of light in the night sky. The nearest star we
know and see daily is the Sun.
Planets – Planets are non-luminous heavenly bodies that revolve around a star.
Satellites – Smaller non-luminous heavenly bodies that revolve around the planets are
known as satellites. These satellites are also known as moons. The Moon is the natural
satellite of the planet Earth.

Planets and their satellites are visible because of the reflection of the Sun’s light that falls on
them. They tend to appear steady, whereas stars have a twinkling appearance.
Comets- A comet is a collection of large number of rocky and metallic particles coated with
frozen ice of water and gases.
Meteors - Meteors (often called “shooting stars”) are very common sights. They are celestial
bodies in the sky that we see as a bright streak of light that flashes for a moment. Anyone
who stares at a clear night sky will eventually see these brief trails of light. Meteor trails
usually last for less than a second. We know of these as shooting stars, but the real
term for a shooting star is a meteor. Craters form on earth due to the impact of meteorites.
Asteroids - Asteroids are huge lumps of rocks seen orbiting around the sun mainly between
the planets Mars and Jupiter. Asteroids are small, rocky bodies that orbit, or travel around,
the sun. They are also called minor planets or planetoids. In general, they are materials left
over from when the planets formed. They are also created when other bodies in space
collide and break apart. While comets are mostly made of ice, asteroids are made up of rock
or even metal.
Our Solar System
The sun lies in the center of the solar system. The solar system comprises of the Sun,
planets and their moons, dwarf planets, comets, meteors and some rocks and gases. The
solar system has an elliptical shape. The planets revolve around the sun in fixed path called
the orbits.
• The planets of the solar system can be classified as ‘inner planets’ and ‘outer
planets’. The planets that orbit close to the sun are called inner planets like Mercury,
Venus, Earth and Mars.
• The planets that orbit far away from the sun are called outer planets like Jupiter,
Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The inner planets are small, composed of rocks and
have no or few moons. The outer planets huge, ringed and gaseous and have many
moons.

The Planets of the Solar System
Mercury: It is the smallest and the closest planet to the Sun. It takes 88 days for
Mercury to go around the Sun. It does not have any moon.
Venus: It is the second planet closest to the Sun. It is the brightest and the hottest
planet in our solar system. It is also referred to as the morning and evening star as it
is visible to the naked eye at dawn and dusk. It does not have any moon.
Earth: It is the third planet closest to the Sun also called BLUE planet and the only
Planet that sustains life due to the presence of air and water. It has one moon.
Mars: It is the fourth planet from the sun and also called the red planet due to the
presence of iron on its surface. It has very high mountains and deep canyons. It has
2 moons.
Jupiter: Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest planet in the solar
system. It has 79 moons.
Saturn: Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and second largest planet in the solar
system. Saturn has nine ice rings around it which are made up of gases and dust.
It has 82 moons.
Uranus: Uranus is the seventh planet from the sun and the third largest planet in the
solar system. It has 27 moons. It is called the sideways planet, since it orbits on its
side.
Neptune: It is the eighth and the farthest planet from the Sun. Like Uranus, Neptune
is icy, cold and windy. Neptune is blue in colour due to the presenceof methane. It
has 14 moons.

Movements of the Earth
The Earth is spherical like a ball and spins around an imaginary tilted axis and this
movement is called Rotation of the Earth. The part of the Earth that faces the sun receives
sunlight and experiences daytime. The other side of the Earth that does not face the Sun
experiences darkness and so it is night there.
The time for one rotation is 24 hours or one day. Day and night are the result of this
rotational movement. The earth takes 24 hours to rotate aroundits axis.
The movement of the Earth around the sun in a particular path or orbit is called revolution.
The earth takes 365 ¼ days or 1 year to complete one revolution. This causes changes in
seasons.
The timing of the seasons is opposite for each hemisphere. This is because when the north
pole is tilted toward the sun, the northern hemisphere faces the sun at a greater angle than
the southern hemisphere. Therefore, the northern hemisphere gets warmer. This represents
the summer months for the northern hemisphere and winter for the southern hemisphere.

Constellations
Some groups of stars appear to make patterns in the sky. These groups of stars are known
as constellations. There are 88 constellations. The constellations are named after creatures
and persons of myths and legends. Some of the well-known constellations are Cassiopeia,
Ursa Major and Orion.
Man-made objects which revolve around the earth are called artificial satellites that help in
communication, weather forecast and navigation. For example, INSAT 1A.
Moon
The moon has no light of its own but reflects the light of the sun.
As it goes round the earth, various parts of it are illuminated by the sun. We can only see the
part that gets light. It seems to us that the moon changes its shape daily. This change of
shape of the moon is called phases of the moon.

Solar Eclipse
When moon passes directly between the sun and the earth, a solar eclipse takes place.
Lunar Eclipse
When Earth passes directly between the sun and the moon, a lunar eclipse takes place.

Practice Questions
1. Look at the following pictures and find out the correct order of planets nearest to
farthest from the sun.
I. Saturn II. Uranus III. Neptune IV. Venus
a. I, II, III, IV
b. IV, I, II, III
c. II, III, IV, I
d. III, I, II, IV
2. Four children made the following statements about the eight planets.
Whose statements about planets is true?
Ashok – Mars has only two moons.
Manoj – Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system.
Vinay – The least dense planet in the Solar System is Saturn.
Mohit – At present, astronomers have confirmed the existence of 17 natural satellites
for Uranus.
a. Vinay and Mohit
b. Ashok and Manoj
c. Manoj, Vinay and Ashok
d. Mohit, Vinay and Manoj
3. Read the two statements given below and select the correct option.
Statement I: Mercury takes 88 days to orbit around the sun.
Statement II: Mars and Earth are the planets that fall in the group of outer planets.
a. Both statements I and II are correct
b. Both statements I and II are incorrect
c. Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect
d. Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct
4. Read the clues given below and identify the planet correctly:
Clues 1: It is the second planet from the sun.
Clue 2: It is one of the inner planets.
Clue 3: It is also referred to as the morning and evening star.
a. Mars
b. Uranus
c. Saturn
d. Venus

5. Look at the picture below of different seasons.
What causes changes in seasons?

a. Rotation of the Earth on its axis.
b. Revolution of Moon around the Sun
c. Revolution of the Earth around the Sun
d. Revolution of Sun around the Moon
6. Which one of the following is INCORRECTLY matched?

a. An instrument that helps us to see the stars, the moon etc. - Periscope
b. Imaginary line around which the Earth spins – Axis
c. A small model of the Earth – Globe
d. Group of stars in a recognisable pattern in the sky – Constellation
7. Name the planet in each of the following case:

I. This is the fastest spinning planet.
II. This planet’s most impressive feature as seen from afar is an extensive and
complex ring system.
a. I – Jupiter, II – Saturn
b. I – Earth, II – Mars
c. I – Saturn, II – Venus
d. I – Mercury, II – Neptune
8. Unscramble the letters in the given box to get a word and select the correct option
regarding it:
ANOITORT
a. It is the movement of the Earth around the Sun.
b. This movement of the Earth causes day and night.
c. Only this movement of Earth causes change in seasons.
d. It is the movement of Moon around the Earth.
9. Four students were discussing about Sun as stated below:

Kiran - Sun changes its shape every day.
Maria – Sun revolves around its own axis.
Ritu – Venus is the brightest planet.
Saanvi – Sun receives light from Moon and reflects it.
Who among these children has/have given a WRONG statement?

a. Maria and Ritu only
b. Ritu only
c. Kiran, Maria and Saanvi only
d. Saanvi only

10. Read the statements given below and state true or false:
I. Moon is the natural satellite of the Earth.
II. Neptune is the only planet that rotates on its axis from east to west.
III. Mars is the hottest planet in the solar system.
a. I – True, II – False, III - False
b. I – False, II – False, III - False
c. I – False, II – True, III - True
d. I – True, II – False, III – True
11. The shape of the Moon seems to be changing.

What shape of the Moon is expected to appear when the Moon is between the Earth
and the Sun?
a.
b.
c.
d.
12. The first day of the month is the New Moon day.
On 15th of the same month, which of the following figures represent the phase of the
moon?
a. 1
b. 2
c.
d. 4

13. Read the following features of some planets of our solar system and identify them
correctly:
I. Boiling hot by day and freezing cold at night.
II. Largest and fastest spinning planet.
III. Wider than 11 Earths.
IV. Its rings are made up of ice, rocks and dust.
a. I – Mercury, II - Jupiter, III – Venus, IV – Mars
b. I – Venus, II- Neptune, III – Uranus, IV – Saturn
c. I – Mercury, II- Jupiter, III – Jupiter, IV – Saturn
d. I – Venus, II - Jupiter, III – Saturn, IV – Uranus
14. Find the INCORRECT match:

a. Earth – 365 days rotation
b. Mercury – 88 days
c. Venus – 225 Earth days
d. Jupiter – 200 days
15. Identify the constellation shown in the picture given below:
a. Ursa Major
b. Orion
c. Cassiopeia
d. Cygnus
16. Fill in the blanks with suitable terms and select the correct option:
I. The imaginary line dividing the Earth into two halves is called ____________.
II. __________ planet has only two moons.
a. I – Equator, II – Mars
b. I – Half line, II – Venus
c. I – Orbit, II – Mercury
d. I – Axis, II – Pluto
17. ___________ is the planet X in the given sequence. Identify X correctly:
Mars, Jupiter, X, Uranus

a. Uranus
b. Saturn
c. Pluto
d. Mercury

18. The planet which has the maximum number of moons is ______________.
a. Saturn
b. Jupiter
c. Earth
d. Mercury
19. Select the option from below which on unscrambling gives the name of the
constellation that represents a hunter.
a. J R M A U R S O A
b. N O I O R
c. U I S O P R C S
d. A B E R G R E T A

I. Neptune - Closest to the sun
II. Pluto - Only planet with an atmosphere of 21% of oxygen
III. Venus - Covered by clouds of water vapour and sulphuric acid
IV. Jupiter - Stormiest planet in the Solar System.
a. I, II and III
b. II and III
c. III and IV
d. I and IV

Chapter Matter and Materials
8
Matter
There are variety of things around us. They differ in their size, shape, colour and other
properties. But there are some common features like mass and space that are shared by all
things. All objects have mass. Mass is the quantity that tells us how heavy or light an object
is. All objects occupy space. Anything that occupies space and has mass is called matter. It
includes both living and non-living things. Everything around us is matter. Matter is made up
of invisible particles called molecules and molecules are further made up of smaller particles
called atoms.
Forms of Matter and their Properties:

Matter exists in three states – Solids, Liquids and Gases. Each state has different properties.
Solids Liquids Gases
Molecules are closely In liquids, the molecules In gases, molecules are
packed in solids. are not very closely placed far apart from each
packed. There is some other. There is a lot of
space between the space between them. So,
molecules. This allows the they can freely move
molecules some about in any direction.
movement.
• They have a • They do not have • They do not have

definite shape. a definite shape. a definite shape.
• They have a • They have a • They do not have
definite volume. definite volume. a definite volume.
• They are generally • They flow easily. • They take all the
hard. • They take the available space in
• They do not shape of the the container.
change their

shape when container in which They are highly
moved to another they are kept. compressible.
container. Examples: Water, milk, • They flow easily.
• They do not flow. juice and ink are liquids. • Most gases cannot
Examples: Table, book, be seen.
pencil, chair and spoon Examples- Oxygen,
are solids. carbon dioxide, water
vapour, cooking gas,
nitrogen are examples of
gases.
Change of States of Matter

 Solids, liquids and gases are inter-changeable states of matter.
 A change of state is a physical change in a matter. They are reversible changes and
do not involve any changes in the chemical makeup of the matter. Common changes
of the state include melting, freezing, condensation and evaporation.
 These states can be changed from one to another by heating or cooling.
Evaporation
 When a liquid is heated, the molecules become free.
 The liquid changes into gas or vapour state. This phenomenon is called evaporation.
 Water from rivers and ponds evaporates under hot sun.
Condensation
 When a gas cools down and becomes a liquid due to a fall in temperature it is called
condensation.
 We can see this when water droplets form outside a glass of ice-cold water.

Freezing
 When a liquid is cooled, its molecules come even closer. They freeze into a close
pack and turn into solid. This process is called freezing. So, a cup of water when
cooled becomes hard ice.
Melting
 When a solid turn into liquid on heating, it is called melting. Example melting of ice
cubes into water.
Materials
We see a variety of objects all around us like chair, books, cars, toys, utensils etc. and these
are all made up of different materials like glass, wood, plastic, steel, mud etc.
 Different materials have different features, or properties, which make them suitable
for different uses.
 Some materials such as glass, are transparent that allows light to pass through and
some others such as wood and metals are opaque through which light cannot pass
at all.
 Some materials are translucent as some amount of light can pass through these
materials like tissue paper and butter paper.
 Materials are grouped together on the basis of similarities and differences in their
properties. Things are grouped together for convenience and to study their
properties.
 Some materials are hard or soft, dull or shiny, smooth or rough, waterproof or non-
waterproof, heavy or light.
Transparent Translucent Opaque

Practice Questions
1. The following list consists of some substances classified as solids, liquids and gases.
Solids – Ice cube, Salt, Iron

Liquids – Milk, Diesel, Juice
Gases – Kerosene, Steam, Nitrogen
Which of the following is placed in the wrong group?

a. Juice
b. Kerosene
c. Salt
d. Iron
2. Which pattern is being followed in the following series?
Juice :: Iron ball :: Oxygen

Coconut oil :: Notebook :: Steam
a. Solid :: Liquid : : Gas
b. Gas :: Liquid :: Solid
c. Solid :: Gas :: Liquid
d. Liquid :: Solid :: Gas
3. State which of the following statements is true (T) or False (F):

I. The process of changing liquid into gas is called evaporation.
II. The process of changing gas into liquid is called sublimation.
III. The process of changing solid into liquid is called condensation.
IV. The process of changing liquid into solid is called freezing.
a. T T F F
b. F F T T
c. F T T F
d. T F F T

Statement I: Solids do not take the shape of the container they are kept in.
Statement II: Gases are hard to compress.

5. Six objects are classified into two groups as shown below in the table. The objects
are grouped on the basis of _______________.
Group X Group Y
a. their appearance
b. their hardness
c. them being waterproof
d. the materials they are made of

Statement I: In solids, the molecules are packed the closest together that that in
liquids.
Statement II: In gases, the molecules are spread out the most.
7. Which of the following has fixed volume but not fixed shape?
a. Ice
b. Steam

c. Water
d. Juice
8. Ritu is studying about a particular liquid. If she lowers the temperature of the liquid,
which of the following will most likely occur?
a. The liquid will boil.
b. The liquid will melt.
c. The liquid will freeze into ice.
d. The liquid will evaporate.
9. The given table shows the characteristics of two objects namely P and Q. Which of
the following sets of objects best fits the description given in the table?
Characteristics Object P Object Q
Bends easily Yes Yes
Gets stretched Yes No
Absorbs water No Yes
a. P – Leather gloves, Q – Steel tumbler

b. P – Iron rod, Q – Sponge
c. P – Rubber band, Q – Cotton dress
d. P - Balloon, Q – Plastic ball
10. Select the option from below which on unscrambling gives the name of the type of
material that is hard, opaque and conducts electricty:
a. S T P A I L C
b. R I N O
c. R A P E P
d. B R U B R E
11. State which of the following statement is INCORRECT:

a. Metals are good conductors of heat.
b. Rubber can be used to make clocks.
c. Wood can be used to make the handle of a cooking pot since they are bad
conductors of heat.
d. Windows and spectacles are made up of glass since they are strong and
transparent.

12. Look at the objects shown below and identify the similarity between them:
a. All the above products are water proof.

b. All the above products are non-flexible.
c. All the above products are wood based products and made from plant parts.
d. All the above products are hard and strong.
13. Read the following clues given below and correctly identify the substance:
Clue 1: It is a form of matter.
Clue 2: It is not visible.
Clue 3: It has a definite smell.
a. Flour
b. Perfume
c. Nail polish
d. Jelly
14. Study the given relationship. Correctly identify X from the options given below:
Air : Transparent :: X : Translucent

a. Glass beaker
b. Cardboard
c. Frosted glass vase
d. Aluminium foil
15. Which of the following objects is INCORRECTLY paired with the materials it is made
from?
a. Objects – Aquarium, Materials – Plastic and Glass
b. Objects – Hand bag, Materials – Jute and Leather
c. Objects – Toys, Materials – Wood and Rubber
d. Objects – Clock, Materials – Paper and Rubber
16. Four students were discussing about states of matter as stated below:
Kirti - Wet clothes dry in the sun and changes from liquid to gas on evaporation.
Meena – The state of matter that does not have shape or colour but may have smell
is gas.
Riya – When we heat or cool a matter, the movement of its particles does not get
affected.
Sashi – Liquids flow easily and take the shape of the container in which they are
poured.

Who among these children has/have given a WRONG statement?
a. Meena and Riya only
b. Riya only
c. Kirti, Meena and Sashi only
d. Sashi only
17. Select which of the following process involves the change of state from a liquid to a
gas:
a. Drying of potholes in streets
b. Melting of chocolate
c. Formation of ice cubes in the freezer
d. Dissolving salt in lemonade
18. Complete the table by selecting the correct option from below:
Solid Liquid Gas

Photo frame Juice Steam
Clock ? Nitrogen
a. Tree
b. Shampoo
c. Balloon
d. Remote
19. Observe the picture given below:
Identify the process seen:

a. Evaporation
b. Condensation
c. Freezing
d. Melting
20. Unscramble the letters in the given box to get a word and select the correct option
regarding it:
TAO R E V N OAI P
a. It is the process by which salty water changes to salt crystals.
b. This process is responsible for the formation of ice cubes.
c. Droplets on a can of soda or a foggy windshield is the result of this process.
d. It is the process which is the second stage of water cycle.

Chapter
Light, Sound
9
and Force
Light and its Properties
 Light is a form of energy that makes things visible to us which our eyes can detect.
For an object to be visible, it should either give out light of its own or reflect (throw
back) light falling on it.
 Light always travels in a straight line/path.
 From its source, light travels in all directions.
 When the light strikes a smooth surface, it bounces back and changes its direction.
The bouncing back of light on striking a smooth surface is known as reflection. The
phenomenon of reflection enables us to see things. All objects reflect some amount
of light falling on them.
 White light coming from the Sun is made of 7 colors, like the colors in a rainbow.

Sources of Light
1. Natural – These sources of light are those that emit light on their own and are not
made by man. Sun is the most important source of natural light on the Earth. Other
natural sources of light are stars, volcanoes, lightning, insects like glow worms and
fire flies etc. Moon does not have its own light but reflects the light of the sun that
falls upon it.
2. Artificial or Man-made – Those objects that emit light and are made by man are
called artificial sources of light. For example, candle, bulb, tube light, earthen lamp,
torch etc.
Luminous and Non-Luminous Objects

Luminous Objects Non-Luminous Objects
The Sun, bulb, tube light, candle and torch Objects that do not give out light of their
give out light. Such objects that give out own are called non-luminous objects.
light of their own are called luminous Chairs, tables, trees, Moon and
objects. newspapers are some examples.
Sun, stars and fire (non-living) and fire flies We are able to see non-luminous objects
and glow worms (living). because light is reflected form them into our
eyes.
We are able to see luminous objects
because their light enters our eyes directly.
 Special cells in our eye 'capture' the light and send signals to the brain. This helps us
to see.
 Not all materials allow light to pass through them.
Opaque Materials Translucent Materials Transparent Materials

These are materials that do These are materials that allow These are materials that
not let any light pass light to pass through them allow light to pass through
through them at all. partially. them completely.
Example: Wood, stone, Example: Frosted glass, tissue Example: Glass, air, clear
coin, bricks, animals, plants paper, wax, tracing paper etc. water etc.
etc

Shadow
 When an object blocks the path of light a dark area is formed on the ground or wall
behind it.
 Shadows are always formed on the opposite side of the source of light.
 Shadows due to sunlight is shortest at noon and longer in mornings and evenings.
 Only opaque and translucent objects make shadows. Transparent objects do not cast
shadows since they allow light to pass through them.
 The length and direction of the shadow’s changes with the position and direction of
the light source.
Sound
 Sound refers to anything that can be heard.
 Sound is a very important part of our life. Examples- Speaking, striking a note on the
guitar or dropping a stone in water, all produce sound. We are able to communicate
with each other mostly by sound.
 Sound is produced with the help of two objects. They are produced when something
vibrates or shakes.
 Anything that vibrates produces sound and when it stops vibrating the sound also
stops.
 Sound needs a medium to travel and can travel through solids, liquids and gases and
hence we cannot hear sound in vacuum, since there are no air particles.
 When the sound is loud unpleasant to the ears and causes disturbance, it is called
noise. It is produced by loud speakers, vehicles on the road, construction
activities and household appliances.
 An echo is produced when sound reflects back or bounces back towards the source.
Force
A force is a push or a pull on an object, exerted by another object interacting with it.
• When you push, you move the thing away from yourself.
• When you pull, you bring the thing closer to yourself.
We use force to walk, to lift any object, to throw anything, to move any object from its place
etc.

A force can produce the following effects:
 A force can move a stationary object.
 A force can stop a moving object.
 A force can change the speed of a moving object.
 A force can change the direction of a moving object.
 A force can change the shape and size of an object.
Types of Force
Muscular Force Magnetic Force Frictional Force Gravitational Force
Force due to the Force exerted by a Force acting The force that pulls
action of muscles. magnet. opposite to the every object
direction of motion. downwards towards
the earth is called
gravitational force.

Practice Questions
P: Automatic shutting of refrigerator door - Muscular force
Q: Releasing a ball from our hand - Gravitational force
R: Eraser used to rub off mistakes from a paper - Frictional force
S: Bending our body down to lift things - Magnetic force
a. P and Q
b. P and S
c. R and S
d. Q and R
2. Read the sentences given below and choose the INCORRECT statement(s) related
to types of force.
I. A bicycle gradually comes to a halt when we stop pedalling and this happens
due to frictional force.
II. Car brakes can be applied because of friction.
III. Iron fillings can be picked up off the ground using a magnet.
IV. Friction acts in the same direction as that of the motion of the object.
a. Only I
b. Only IV
c. Both II and III
d. Both III and IV
3. Choose the correct option regarding the two statements written below:
Statement I: Sound needs a medium to travel through and it can be solid, liquid or
gas.
Statement II: An echo is produced when sound does not reflects back or bounces
back towards the source.
a. Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect.
b. Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct.
c. Both the statements are incorrect
d. Both the statements are correct
4. Observe the pictures below and identify the effect of force from the given options:
a. Force is used to move objects.

b. Force is used to change the shape of the object.
c. Force can change the direction of the moving body.
d. Force can bring a moving body to rest.

5. Look at the pictures given below.
Identify the similarity between these pictures according to the force they indicate:
a. Gravitational and magnetic force

b. Frictional force
c. Electric force
d. Magnetic force
6. Select the action which involves a force that is different from the other three.
a. Drilling a hole into a metal sheet.
b. A vase falls down on the floor.
c. Water flows downhill.
d. Leaves falling down on the ground.
7. Fill in the blanks with suitable terms:

I. A football is kicked by a boy. It rolls on the ground to some distance and
stops. The force which stops the ball is __________________
II. __________________ is an example of a pull action.
a. I - gravitational force, II - Closing the door
b. I - frictional force, II - Plucking a flower
c. I - magnetic force, II - Sowing seeds
d. I - muscular force, II - Working with a lawn
8. Select the correct option from below which on unscrambling gives the name of the
type of force that helps to pick iron scraps from scrapyards.
a. S U L A M C U R
b. T G M A I C E N
c. V G R T O L A I T A N I A
d. C L F R I T N O I A
9. Observe the images of objects shown below.

Identify the similarity between them correctly.
a. They all are artificial sources of light.

b. They all are natural sources of light.
c. They all do not have light of their own.
d. They are all objects through which light does not pass through.

different object. The cards that belong to group 1 are shown below:
Tracing paper Coloured plastic Sunglasses
a. C
b. B
c. Rocks
d. F
11. Search the name of a transparent object from the wonder box given below:
X G S P J T I S M W
B O A C E L U O N D
a. Wax
b. Aluminium
c. Stone
d. Glass

12. State whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F):
I. Water is an example of transparent object.
II. Wood is an opaque object.
III. Objects like paper napkin and frosted glass allow light to pass through them
completely.
a. FTF
b. FFT
c. TTF
d. TFT
13. Ravi took few objects as shown in the image given below. He took a torch and put it
on to see if light could pass through these objects. Identify the object from below that
caused a prominent shadow.
a. Glass tumbler
b. Single sheet paper
c. Tracing paper
d. Notebook
14. Three of Mrs. Sen's students made statements related to force and its effects.
Which student made a CORRECT statement?
Sam: Tyres and soles of shoes get damaged due to the force of friction.
Henry: It becomes difficult and hard to slide any heavy object across the floor due to
gravity.
Peter: When we throw a ball upwards, it comes down after covering some distance.
This happens due to a force exerted by magnetic field.
a. Henry
b. Peter
c. Sam
d. All the three students were correct
15. Look at the picture shown below and identify the effect of force acted upon it:

a. A force can stop a moving object.
b. A force can change the direction of a moving object.
c. A force can change the mass of a moving object.
d. A force can change the shape and size of an object.
16. Select the ODD one out.
a. S
b. F
c. B
d.
17. Maria shone an emergency light and spoke on the loudspeaker at the same time,
while standing at 200 m distance from Kriti. Kriti will ______________.
a. first see the light then she will hear the sound
b. first hear the sound then she will see the light
c. fee the light and hear the sound at the same time
d. will not hear the sound or see the light at all
18. Which of the following cannot be done by using muscular force?

a. Changing the direction of a moving body
b. Stopping a moving body
c. Changing one type of body into another type of body
d. Increasing or decreasing the speed of the body
19. State which of the following is not TRUE:

a. Friction makes a moving object slow down.
b. Friction decreases with the roughness of an object.
c. Friction enables an object to stay in a stationary position.
d. Friction opposes the force applied.

20. Select the Odd one out from below:
a. M
b.
c.
d. h

Chapter
10 Our Environment
An environment is a place where living and non-living things exist together. Living things in
our environment include plants, animals and humans. Non-living things in our environment
include air, water, soil, sunlight, etc.
The living things in our environment are called the BIOTIC elements. The non-living things in
the environment are called the ABIOTIC elements.
• Living and non-living things existing together in an environment is called an
ecosystem.
• In an ecosystem, the living organisms depend on non-living things for survival.

Example: Plants and animals need water and air for survival.
• Ecosystems can exist in many places like forests, sea, lakes, etc. and can be of
different sizes.
Air
Air is all around us and it contains gases (like carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen), smoke,
water vapour and dust. The blanket of air surrounding the Earth is called atmosphere which
protects us from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the Sun. We need oxygen for breathing. All
human beings and animals breathe in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide. Plants prepare
their own food by the process of photosynthesis wherein they give out oxygen and use
carbon dioxide from the air along with water and sunlight. Hence, plants are producers and
animals are consumers.

Water
About three-fourth of the earth’s surface is covered with water in the form of oceans, lakes
and rivers.
Our life depends on water which is used for washing, cleaning, drinking, cooking, bathing,
growing crops etc.
Water on the earth is present in three states of matter- solids (ice), liquids (water) and gas
(water vapour) forms. The main source of water is rain.
The water cycle describes the continuous movement of water between the sky and the
earth. It involves the following steps:
1. The sun heats up the surface of the water bodies like rivers, seas, lakes and oceans.
This heat changes the water into water vapour. This is called evaporation.
2. As the water vapour rises up in the air, it cools down and becomes tiny drops of
water. This is due to condensation. The tiny droplets join together to form clouds.
3. When the clouds become heavy and cannot hold any more water, the water drops
fall down in the form of rain. This is called precipitation. In colder places, the water
drops may come down in the form of snow, sleet or hail.
4. Rainwater and water from melted snow, sleet or hail flows into the water bodies.
In this way the process of water cycle starts again and continues in nature.
Condensation
Evaporation
Precipitation
Collection

Properties of Water:
1. Water is a transparent, colourless and tasteless liquid. Clean and pure water has no
smell.
2. Water occupies space. It has mass and has fixed volume.
3. Water takes the shape of the container in which it is poured. It flows easily and has
no definite shape of its own.
4. Water can change its form easily- water can change from solid form (ice) to liquid
(water) and to gas or water vapour easily. This happens due to heating or cooling of
water.
Water Solution
• When we dissolve a substance in another substance, a solution is formed.
• The substance that dissolves in a solvent is called a solute.
• The substance in which the solute dissolves is called a solvent.
• A mixture of a solute and a solvent is called a solution.
• If we dissolve sugar in water, sugar is the solute and water is the solvent and the
sweet water formed is the solution.
Floating and Sinking
• The objects that are heavier than water sinks in it. Examples are stone, coin, iron
nail, glass marble, key and spoon.
• The objects that are lighter than water floats on it. Examples are ice, wood, plastic,
piece of thermocol and oil.

Rainwater Harvesting
• Shortage of water has become a major problem these days. It is necessary to
conserve water. This can be done by simple method called rainwater harvesting.
• Rainwater harvesting means collection and storage of rainwater in man-made
structures for use in future. By doing this we do not let rainwater go down the drains
and get wasted.
Soil
• Soil is a natural resource made up of tiny particles of broken rock, mineral, clay and
humus etc.
• Plants are grown in the top layer of the soil. Soil contains nutrients, water, minerals,
humus, and air, which are essential for the growth of the plants.
• Soil is formed by the process of weathering of rocks. Breaking of rocks into smaller
particles takes place because of wind, rain and the heat of the sun.
Types of Soil
1. Sandy Soil - It is made up of small fine grains particles that makes it porous. It has
very less water holding capacity. Because particles of sandy soil are loosely packed
and can allow water to easily pass through it.
2. Clayey Soil - This soil consists of very fine particles which stick together. Since
particles in clayey soil are closely packed, they provide little aeration. Its water
holding capacity is very good. Clayey soil is very good for the growth of plants.
3. Loamy Soil - It contains a mixture of sand, clayey and humus altogether. Its water
holding capacity and air carrying capacity is satisfactory for the growth of plants, as
compare to the sandy and clayey soil. Maximum amount of humus is present in this
soil.

Weather
• Weather is the condition of atmosphere in the environment around us.
• Weather changes from time to time. Sometimes it is hot and sometimes it is cold.
• Weather can be classified as followed- Sunny, rainy, windy and cloudy.
• When the same of weather continues for 2-3 months at a time, that period is called
season.
Pollution
Pollution is anything that makes the earth dirty and unhealthy. It is the introduction of
contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change. Land, water and
air are all affected by pollution.
These contaminants or harmful materials are called pollutants

Practice Questions
1. Read the passage given below carefully.
X is a very important natural resource and an abiotic component of the environment.
It is the uppermost layer of earth’s crust, which supports the growth of plants. It is a
non-renewable resource.
Identify X correctly.
a. Rocks
b. Water
c. Soil
d. Sun
2. Observe the picture of water shown below:
Evaporation and precipitation process are taking place at which two stages?
a. S and X
b. P and F
c. K and H
d. E and J
3. Read the passage given below and correctly identify ‘X’.

X soil consists of very fine particles which stick together. Since particles in X soil are
closely packed, they provide little aeration. Its water holding capacity is very good. X
soil is very good for the growth of plants. This soil is also used in making toys, pots
and other articles.
a. Humus
b. Sandy soil
c. Loamy soil
d. Clayey soil

4. Select the statement which is different from the other three based on the types of
pollution:
P: Exposure to loud noise over a long period of time even cause deafness.
Q: A mix of particles and gases that can reach harmful concentrations both outside
and indoors causes pollution.
R: Soot, smoke, mould, pollen, methane, and carbon dioxide are a just few examples
of common pollutants.
S: Pollution effects can range from higher disease risks to rising temperatures.
a. P
b. Q
c. R
d. S
5. Read the two statements given below and select the correct option:
Statement I: Left-over food at every household can be collected and used to make
compost.
Statement II: We should use same dustbins for recyclable and non-recyclable
wastes.
a. Both the statements I and II are correct
b. Both the statements I and II are incorrect
6. Select the INCORRECT statement from the following:

a. Industries should be set away from the residential areas to reduce air pollution.
b. Eruption of volcanoes and bursting of fire crackers are important causes of air
pollution.
c. Cutting down trees and depletion of forest cover does not disturb the balance of
gases in the air.
d. Man-made causes of air pollution are burning of fossil fuels, smoke from factories
etc.
7. Select the option which on unscrambling gives the name of the type of soil that has
very less water holding capacity as its particles are loosely packed:
a. A Y L M O
b. M U U S H
c. A S N Y D
d. Y L A C Y E

8. The overuse of plastic articles is not good for us and the environment. We should
take steps to minimise their use.
What can we do to minimise overuse of plastics?
I. We should use paper bags.
II. We should give away old plastic toys to others who can use them.
III. We should throw away the plastic containers.
a. Only I
b. Only II
c. I and III
d. I and II
Statement I: Insects, rodents and plants present in our environment are its biotic
components.
Statement II: Soil, water and air present in our environment are its abiotic
components.
10. Which of the following waste materials present in household garbage are
biodegradable?
Polythene bag, Paper bag, Vegetable peels,

Aluminium foil, broken glass, Tea leaves
a. Paper bag, Aluminium foil, Broken glass

b. Paper bag, Vegetable peels, Tea leaves
c. Vegetable peels, Tea leaves, Broken glass
d. Paper bag, Broken glass, Tea leaves
11. Place in the correct order from top to bottom:

a. Humus, sub soil, bed rock
b. Sub soil, bed rock, humus
c. Sub soil, humus, bed rock
d. Bed rock, humus, sub soil
12. State whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F):
I. Water takes the shape of the container in which it is poured.
II. Rainwater, oceans, rivers, lakes streams and ponds are natural sources of
water.
III. Our body fluids like blood, urine, tears and sweat are all made up of solids.
IV. Plants do not require water for their survival.
a. TTFF
b. FFTT
c. TFTF
d. FTFT

13. Read the passage given below and identify X correctly:
This layer ‘X’ lies below top soil and has a lesser amount of humus but more of
minerals. X is generally harder and more compact and is called the middle layer.
a. Bed rock
b. Subsoil
c. A-horizon
d. B-horizon
14. State which of the following statements are true or false related to photosynthesis
process.
I. Iodine solution is required for photosynthesis.
II. The leaves are called ‘food factories’ of the plant.
III. Veins present on the surface of leaves absorb carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere
a. I - True, II – True, III – False
b. I - False, II– True, III – False
c. I - True, II – False, III – True
d. I - False, II – False, III – True
Statement I – The objects that are heavier than water sinks in it like an iron nail.
Statement II – A plastic ball is lighter than water so it will float on it.
16. Find out the name of the gas from the word box given below that supports burning
and is necessary for breathing:
N O B R A C
M E X Q V M
K S G H D T
L D I Y S N
U L W J X S
A R G O N O
a. Oxygen
b. Nitrogen
c. Argon
d. Carbon dioxide

17. Look at the picture shown below and fill in the blank:
Steam Water
Steam (gas) changes to water (liquid) on __________________.

a. heating
b. melting
c. cooling
d. burning
18. ‘X’ has no definite shape but has a definite volume. It takes the shape of the
container in which it is poured in. ‘X’ is ___________.
a. carbon dioxide
b. water vapour
c. ice cubes
d. nail polish
19. Tara was asked to make salt solution for her science practical class. She added a
teaspoon of salt to a glass of water.
What should Tara do to make sure that salt gets dissolved faster in water?
a. She should break the glass in which salt solution is made.
b. She should cool the solution.
c. She should heat the solution.
d. She should add sugar in the solution.
20. Which of the following pair of objects will sink in a bucket full of water?
P: Apple
Q: Stone
R: Steel Spoon
S: Kerosene
a. P and S
b. P and Q
c. Q and R
d. R and S

Answer Key
Plants and Animals
1. c 2. b 3. a 4. c 5. b 6. a 7. b 8. b 9. a 10. b 11. d 12. c
13. d 14. c 15. b 16. c 17. a 18. c 19. b 20. b
Birds
1. a 2. c 3. b 4. c 5. d 6. a 7. c 8. c 9. d 10. a 11. c 12. a
13. b 14. a 15. b 16. a 17. a 18. b 19. d 20. a
Food
1. a 2. d 3. c 4. d 5. a 6. c 7. b 8. c 9. a 10. b 11. a 12. b
13. c 14. b 15. d 16. a 17. c 18. b 19. d 20. a
Housing and Clothing

1. a 2. b 3. a 4. a 5. c 6. d 7. b 8. d 9. c 10. d 11. b 12. a
13. b 14. a 15. a 16. b 17. c 18. b 19. c 20. a
Transport and Communication

1. c 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. d 6. a 7. a 8. c 9. b 10. b 11. c 12. d
13. d 14. c 15. b 16. a 17. b 18. d 19. b 20. a
Human Body
1. d 2. b 3. c 4. b 5. a 6. a 7. d 8. c 9. b 10. d 11. a 12. a
13. b 14. a 15. b 16. d 17. b 18. c 19. c 20. a
Earth and Universe

1. b 2. b 3. c 4. d 5. c 6. a 7. a 8. b 9. c 10. a 11. a 12. c
13. c 14. d 15. a 16. a 17. b 18. a 19. b 20. a
Matter and Materials

1. b 2. d 3. d 4. a 5. b 6. c 7. d 8. c 9. c 10. b 11. b 12. c
13. b 14. c 15. d 16. b 17. a 18. b 19. d 20. a

Light Sound and Force
1. c 2. b 3. a 4. c 5. b 6. a 7. b 8. b 9. a 10. b 11. d 12. c
13. d 14. c 15. b 16. c 17. a 18. c 19. b 20. b
Our Environment
1. c 2. d 3. d 4. a 5. c 6. c 7. c 8. d 9. a 10. b 11. a 12. a
13. d 14. b 15. a 16. a 17. c 18. d 19. c 20. c

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1. Plants and Animals ................................................................................................................ 2

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Trees Shrubs Herbs

Climbers Creepers Aquatic Plants

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For example, grass is eaten by grasshopper and grasshopper is eaten by frog.

A network of many food chains is called a food web.

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Interdependence of Plants and Animals

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2. Which of the following statements are CORRECT?

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Herbivore Carnivore Omnivore

Cow X Lion Y Z Bear

5. Read the following clue and identify the plant:

6. Which of the following plants cannot be classified together in a group?

7. Given below is an image of a cactus plant. Complete the following statement:

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9. A vertebrate is an animal with a backbone. There are 5 types of vertebrate as listed

10. Identify the INCORRECT match from below:

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12. Which of the following pairs are wrongly classified?

13. The figure shows a fibrous root.

Which of the following plants have fibrous root?

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a. M – Pet animals, N – Domestic animals

Grass A Frog B Eagle

17. State which of the following statements are true or false:

18. Students have a pack of cards to organise into groups.

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Which picture card would best be placed in group 1?

20. Identify the similarity between water lily and lotus:

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Peafowl Red headed trogon Wild dove

Which picture card would best be placed in group 1?

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4. Rajesh grouped three birds together as shown in the box below:

All these are _______ birds.

6. Which of the following pairs are wrongly classified?

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15. What is similar among the given birds?

Duck, Swan, Pelican

a. They are all flightless birds.

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a. They do not build their own nests.

20. Name the following:

a. I – Humming bird, II – Swallow

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Food-Fuel for the body

Plant Parts that We Eat

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 A food pyramid tells us what to eat and in what quantity.

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