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Just like any ordinary language, mathematics also has syntax and structure which can be
categorized into five forms.
1) Numbers – are the very first symbols that can be used to represent quantity. These are
nouns (objects) in the English language.
2) Operations symbols – like +,÷ 𝑎𝑛𝑑^ can act as connectives in the mathematical
sentence.
3) Relational symbols – such as = , ≤ , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ~ are used for comparison and act as verb in
the mathematical language.
4) Grouping symbols – such as ( ) , { } , and [ ] are used to associate groups of numbers and
operations:
5) Variables – are letters that represent quantities and act as pronouns.
• A mathematical expression refers to objects of interest acting as the subject in the ordinary
language.
• A sentence with a complete thought is a mathematical sentence which can be regarded as
true or false.
Example 1
a. The following are the examples of examples of mathematical expressions:
4, −5, 7 + 1, 2𝑒 (All do not state complete thoughts.)
Answer: This is an English sentence with “is” as the verb. The truth value is T since it is
true that Manila is the capital of the Philippines.
Answer: This is not a complete thought because it does not contain any verb.
Answer: This is a Mathematical sentence with “is” acting as verb. The statement is false.
d) (𝑥 + 1)2
Answer: This is just a mathematical expression which does not contain any relation
symbols.
e) √𝑥 − 1 = 3