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Chapter 14
Chapter 14
14-1 (a) The initial pH of the NH3 solution will be less than that for the solution containing
NaOH. With the first addition of titrant, the pH of the NH3 solution will decrease rapidly
and then level off and become nearly constant throughout the middle part of the titration.
In contrast, additions of standard acid to the NaOH solution will cause the pH of the
NaOH solution to decrease gradually and nearly linearly until the equivalence point is
approached. The equivalence point pH for the NH3 solution will be well below 7,
(b) Beyond the equivalence point, the pH is determined b the excess titrant. Thus, the
14-2 Completeness of the reaction between the analyte and the reagent and the concentrations
14-3 The limited sensitivity of the eye to small color differences requires that there be a
roughly tenfold excess of one or the other form of the indicator to be present in order for
the color change to be seen. This change corresponds to a pH range of ± 1 pH unit about
14-4 Temperature, ionic strength, and the presence of organic solvents and colloidal particles.
14-5 The standard reagents in neutralization titrations are always strong acids or strong bases
because the reactions with this type of reagent are more complete than with those of their
weaker counterparts. Sharper end points are the consequence of this difference.
Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry: 8th ed. Chapter 14
14-6 The sharper end point will be observed with the solute having the larger Kb.
1.00 10 14
(a) For NaOCl, Kb 8
3.3 10 7
3.0 10
1.00 10 14
For hydroxylamine Kb 6
9.1 10 9 Thus, NaOCl
1.1 10
1.00 10 14
(b) For NH3, Kb 1.75 10 5
5.7 10 10
1.00 10 14
For sodium phenolate, K b 10
1.00 10 4 Thus, sodium phenolate
1.00 10
1.00 10 14
For methyl amine, Kb 11
4.3 10 4 Thus, methyl amine
2.3 10
1.00 10 14
(d) For hydrazine Kb 8
9.5 10 7
1.05 10
1.00 10 14
For NaCN, Kb 10
1.6 10 3 Thus, NaCN
6.2 10
14-7 The sharper end point will be observed with the solute having the larger Ka.
+ - [H 3 O ][In - ]
14-8 HIn + H2O H3O + In Ka
[HIn]
Ka = antilog(-7.10) = 7.9410-8
[HIn]/[In-] = 1.43
Substituting these values into the equilibrium expression and rearranging gives
pH = -log(1.1310-7) = 6.94
+ + [H 3 O ][In]
14-9 InH + H2O In + H3O Ka
[InH ]
Ka = antilog(-3.46) = 3.4710-4
[InH+]/[In] = 1.64
Substituting these values into the equilibrium expression and rearranging gives
pH = -log(5.6910-4) = 3.24
14-15 The solution is so dilute that we must take into account the contribution of water to [OH-]
1.00 10 14
[OH-] = 2.0010-8 + [H3O+] = 2.0010-8 +
[OH - ]
[OH-] = 1.10510-7
14-16 The solution is so dilute that we must take into account the contribution of water to
+ -8 - 1.00 10 14
-8
[H3O ] = 2.0010 + [OH ] = 2.0010 +
[H 3 O ]
0.102 g Mg(OH) 2
14-17 In each part, = 1.749 mmol Mg(OH)2 taken
0.05832 g Mg(OH) 2 / mmol
(b) 15.00.0600 = 0.900 mmol HCl added. Solid Mg(OH)2 remains and
1 mmol Mg 2 1
[Mg2+] = 0.900 mmol HCl = 0.0300 M
2 mmol HCl 15.0 mL soln
(c) 30.000.0600 = 1.80 mmol HCl added, which forms 0.90 mmol Mg2+.
14-18 In each part, (20.0 mL HCl 0.200 mmol HCl/mL) = 4.00 mmol HCl is taken
aH O = 0.860.0500 = 0.0425
3
pH = -log(0.043) = 1.37
pH = 14 – (-log(0.0334)) = 12.52
aOH aH O = 1.0010-14
3
aH O = 1.0010-14/0.0271 = 3.6910-13
3
pH = -log(3.6910-13) = 12.43
[H 3 O ][OCl - ]
14-21 HOCl + H2O H3O+ + OCl- Ka = = 3.010-8
[HOCl]
cHOCl [H3O+] pH
1.00 10 14
14-23 NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH- Kb = 10
1.75 10 5
5.7 10
c NH [H3O+] pH
4
1.00 10 14
14-25 C5H11N + H2O C5H11NH+ + OH- Kb = 12
1.333 10 3
7.5 10
cHIO3 [H3O+] pH
1 mmol HA 1
14-27 (a) cHA = 43.0 g HA = 0.9547 M HA
0.090079 g HA 500 mL soln
rearranging and solving the quadratic gives: [H3O+] = 0.0114 and pH = 1.94
1 mmol HA 1
14-28 (a) cHA = 1.05 g HA = 0.04583 M HA
0.22911 g HA 100 mL soln
rearranging and solving the quadratic gives: [H3O+] = 0.0418 and pH = 1.38
0.200 mmol
14-29 Throughout 14-29: amount HA taken = 20.00 mL = 4.00 mmol
mL
rearranging and solving the quadratic gives: [H3O+] = 3.9110-3 and pH = 2.41
rearranging and solving the quadratic gives: [OH-] = 2.2210-6 and pH = 8.35
pH = 14 – pOH = 12.35
[H3O+]0.1111/0.0889 = 1.8010-4
1.00 10 14
(a) NH3 + H2O OH- + NH4+ Kb = 10
1.75 10 5
5.7 10
rearranging and solving the quadratic gives: [OH-] = 1.0710-3 and pH = 11.03
rearranging and solving the quadratic gives: [H3O+] = 6.1610-6 and pH = 5.21
pH = 1.78
[H3O+]0.0.0667/0.0667 = 5.7010-10
[H3O+]0.0.0333/0.0333 = 5.7010-10
[H 3 O ][NH 3 ]
14-31 (a) NH4+ + H2O H3O+ + NH3 5.7010-5 =
[ NH 4 ]
14-32 In each part of this problem a buffer mixture of a weak acid, HA, and its conjugate base,
NaA, is formed. In each case we will assume initially that [H3O+] and [OH-] are much
smaller than the molar concentration of the acid and conjugate so that [A-] cNaA and
1 mol HA 1
(a) cHA = 9.20 g HA = 0.1021 M
90.08 g HA 1.00 L soln
1 mol NaA 1
cNaA = 11.15 g HA = 0.0995 M
112.06 g NaA 1.00 L soln
Note that [H3O+] (and [OH-]) << cHA (and cNaA) as assumed. Therefore,
mmol HA
(c) Original amount HA = 3.00 g = 21.72 mmol HA
0.13812 g
0.1130 mmol HA
Original amount NaOH = 50.0 mL = 5.65 mmol NaOH
mL
Note, however, that [H3O+] is not << cHA (and cNaA) as assumed. Therefore,
Certainly, [OH-] will be negligible since the solution is acidic. Substituting into the
[H 3 O ] 1.130 10 2 [H 3 O ]
= 1.0610-3
3.214 10 2 [H 3 O ]
Rearranging gives
[H 3 O ] 0.100 [H 3 O ]
= 4.310-1
0.0100 [H 3 O ]
14-33 In each of the parts of this problem, we are dealing with a weak base B and its conjugate
In many cases [OH-] and [H3O+] will be much smaller than cB and cBHCl and [BH+] ≈
cBHCl
[H3O+] = K a (3)
cB
49.95 mmol
1 mmol NH 3 1
c NH3 12.64 mmol NaOH = 2.52810-2 M
mmol NaOH 500.0 mL
1
c NH (49.95 12.64) mmol NH 4 = 7.46210-2 M
4
500.0 mL
cBHCl
[H3O+] = K a = 5.7010-10 7.46210-2 / (2.52810-2) = 1.68210-9 M
cB
1 mmol B
(d) Original amount B = 2.32 g B = 24.91 mmol
0.09313 g B
pH = -1.000
(d) In order to get a better picture of the pH change with dilution, we will dispense with
[H 3 O ][OAc - ]
Ka 1.75 10 5
[HOAc]
Here we can use an approximation solution because Kb is so very small. For the
undiluted sample
[OH - ]2
= 5.7110-10
0.0500
(f) Here we must avoid the approximate solution because it will not reveal the small pH
Ka = 1.7510 -5
=
[H 3 O ] 0.0500 [H 3 O ]
0.0500 [H 3 O ]
Rearranging gives
1.7510-5 =
[H 3 O ] 0.00500 [H 3 O ]
0.00500 [H 3 O ]
(g) Proceeding as in part (f) a 10-fold dilution of this solution results in a pH change that
is less than 1 in the third decimal place. Thus for all practical purposes,
pH = 0.000
14-35 (a) After addition of acid, [H3O+] = 1 mmol/100 mL = 0.0100 M and pH = 2.00
pH = -0.097
Upon adding 1 mmol HCl to the 0.0500 M HOAc, we produce a mixture that is
Upon adding 1.00 mmol HCl we form a buffer having the composition
With the addition of 1.00 mmol of HCl we have a buffer whose concentrations are
Here, we have a mixture of NaOAc and NaOH and the pH is determined by the
excess NaOH.
Throughout this problem we will base calculations on Equations 9-25 and 9-26.
[H 3 O ] c NaA [H 3 O ]
= 1.3810-4
c HA [H 3 O ]
14-38
A B C D E F G H I
1 Vi, NaOH 50.00
2 ci, NaOH 0.1000 M
3 c, HCl 0.1000 M
4 Veq. pt. 50.00
5 Kw 1.00E-14
6
+
7 Vol. HCl, mL [H3O ] pH
8 0.00 1.00E-13 13.000
9 10.00 1.50E-13 12.824
10 25.00 3.00E-13 12.523
11 40.00 9.00E-13 12.046
12 45.00 1.90E-12 11.721
13 49.00 9.90E-12 11.004
14 50.00 1.00E-07 7.000
15 51.00 9.90E-04 3.004
16 55.00 4.76E-03 2.322
17 60.00 9.09E-03 2.041
18
19 Spreadsheet Documentation
20 B4 = B2*B1/B3
21 B8 = $B$5/(($B$2*$B$1-A8*$B$3)/($B$1+A8))
22 B14 = SQRT(B5)
23 B15 = (A15*$B$3-$B$1*$B$2)/(A15+$B$1)
24 C8 = -LOG(B8)
14-39 Let us calculate pH when 24.95 and 25.05 mL of reagent have been added.
24.95 mL reagent
25.05 mL KOH
Thus, the indicator should change color in the range of pH 6.5 to 9.8. Cresol purple
14-40 (See Solution 14-39) Let us calculate the pH when 49.95 and 50.05 mL of HClO4 have
been added.
49.95 mL HClO4
cB =
50.00 0.1000 49.95 0.1000 0.00500 = 5.0010-5 M ≈ [B]
99.95 99.95
50.05 mL HClO4
cHClO4
50.05 0.1000 50.00 0.1000 = 4.99810-5 = [H3O+]
100.05
Indicator should change color in the pH range of 7.64 to 4.30. Bromocresol purple would
be suitable.
For Problems 14-41 through 14-43 we set up spreadsheets that will solve a quadratic equation
to determine [H3O+] or [OH-], as needed. While approximate solutions are appropriate for many
of the calculations, the approach taken represents a more general solution and is somewhat easier
to incorporate in a spreadsheet. As an example consider the titration of a weak acid with a strong
base.
and [A-] =
ci NaOHVNaOH + [H O+]
Vi HA VNaOH 3
Substituting these expressions into the equilibrium expression for HA and rearranging gives
and [OH-] =
ci NaOHVNaOH ci HAVi HA + [HA]
Vi HA VNaOH
Substituting these expressions into the equilibrium expression for A- and rearranging gives
c V c V K K w ci HAVHA
0 = [HA]2 + i NaOH NaOH i HA i HA w [HA] -
Vi HA VNaOH Ka K a Vi HA VNaOH
From which [HA] can be determined and [OH-] and [H3O+] subsequently calculated. A similar
approach is taken for the titration of a weak base with a strong acid.
Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry: 8th ed. Chapter 14
14-41
A B C D E F
1 Part (a)
2 Vi, HNO2 50.00
3 ci, HNO2 0.1000
4 Ka, HNO2 7.10E-04
5 Kw, H2O 1.00E-14
6
7 c, NaOH 0.1000
8 Veq. pt. 50.00
9
+
10 Vol. NaOH, mL b c [OH-] [H3O ] pH
11 0.00 7.1000E-04 -7.1000E-05 8.0786E-03 2.0927
12 5.00 9.8009E-03 -5.8091E-05 4.1607E-03 2.3808
13 15.00 2.3787E-02 -3.8231E-05 1.5112E-03 2.8207
14 25.00 3.4043E-02 -2.3667E-05 6.8155E-04 3.1665
15 40.00 4.5154E-02 -7.8889E-06 1.7404E-04 3.7594
16 45.00 4.8078E-02 -3.7368E-06 7.7599E-05 4.1101
17 49.00 5.0205E-02 -7.1717E-07 1.4281E-05 4.8452
18 50.00 1.4085E-11 -7.0423E-13 8.3917E-07 1.1916E-08 7.9239
19 51.00 9.9010E-04 -6.9725E-13 9.9010E-04 1.0100E-11 10.9957
20 55.00 4.7619E-03 -6.7069E-13 4.7619E-03 2.1000E-12 11.6778
21 60.00 9.0909E-03 -6.4020E-13 9.0909E-03 1.1000E-12 11.9586
22
23 Spreadsheet Documentation
24 C8 = C2*C3/C7
25 B11 = $C$7*A11/($C$2+A11)+$C$4
26 C11 = -$C$4*($C$3*$C$2-$C$7*A11)/($C$2+A11)
27 E11 = (-B11+SQRT(B11^2-4*C11))/2
28 F11 = -LOG(E11)
29 B18 = ($C$7*A18-$C$3*$C$2)/($C$2+A18)+$C$5/$C$4
30 C18 = -($C$5/$C$4)*($C$2*$C$3/($C$2+A18))
31 D18 = (-B18+SQRT(B18^2-4*C18))/2+($C$7*A18-$C$2*$C$3)/($C$2+A18)
32 E18 = $C$5/D18
Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry: 8th ed. Chapter 14
A B C D E F
1 Part (b)
2 Vi, Lactic Acid 50.00
3 ci, Lactic Acid 0.1000
4 Ka, Lactic Acid 1.38E-04
5 Kw, H2O 1.00E-14
6
7 c, NaOH 0.1000
8 Veq. pt. 50.00
9
+
10 Vol. NaOH, mL b c [OH-] [H3O ] pH
11 0.00 1.3800E-04 -1.3800E-05 3.6465E-03 2.4381
12 5.00 9.2289E-03 -1.1291E-05 1.0938E-03 2.9611
13 15.00 2.3215E-02 -7.4308E-06 3.1579E-04 3.5006
14 25.00 3.3471E-02 -4.6000E-06 1.3687E-04 3.8637
15 40.00 4.4582E-02 -1.5333E-06 3.4367E-05 4.4639
16 45.00 4.7506E-02 -7.2632E-07 1.5284E-05 4.8158
17 49.00 4.9633E-02 -1.3939E-07 2.8083E-06 5.5516
18 50.00 7.2464E-11 -3.6232E-12 1.9034E-06 5.2537E-09 8.2795
19 51.00 9.9010E-04 -3.5873E-12 9.9010E-04 1.0100E-11 10.9957
20 55.00 4.7619E-03 -3.4507E-12 4.7619E-03 2.1000E-12 11.6778
21 60.00 9.0909E-03 -3.2938E-12 9.0909E-03 1.1000E-12 11.9586
A B C D E F
1 Part (c)
+
2 Vi, C5H5NH 50.00
+
3 ci, C5H5NH 0.1000
+
4 Ka, C5H5NH 5.90E-06
5 Kw, H2O 1.00E-14
6
7 c, NaOH 0.1000
8 Veq. pt. 50.00
9
+
10 Vol. NaOH, mL b c [OH-] [H3O ] pH
11 0.00 5.9000E-06 -5.9000E-07 7.6517E-04 3.1162
12 5.00 9.0968E-03 -4.8273E-07 5.2760E-05 4.2777
13 15.00 2.3083E-02 -3.1769E-07 1.3755E-05 4.8615
14 25.00 3.3339E-02 -1.9667E-07 5.8979E-06 5.2293
15 40.00 4.4450E-02 -6.5556E-08 1.4748E-06 5.8313
16 45.00 4.7374E-02 -3.1053E-08 6.5546E-07 6.1835
17 49.00 4.9501E-02 -5.9596E-09 1.2039E-07 6.9194
18 50.00 1.6949E-09 -8.4746E-11 9.2049E-06 1.0864E-09 8.9640
19 51.00 9.9010E-04 -8.3907E-11 9.9018E-04 1.0099E-11 10.9957
20 55.00 4.7619E-03 -8.0710E-11 4.7619E-03 2.1000E-12 11.6778
21 60.00 9.0909E-03 -7.7042E-11 9.0909E-03 1.1000E-12 11.9586
Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry: 8th ed. Chapter 14
14-42
A B C D E F
1 Part (a)
2 Vi, NH3 50.00
3 ci, NH3 0.1000
+
4 Ka, NH4 5.70E-10
5 Kw, H2O 1.00E-14
6
7 c, HCl 0.1000
8 Veq. pt. 50.00
9
+
10 Vol. HCl, mL b c [OH-] [H3O ] pH
11 0.00 1.7544E-05 -1.7544E-06 1.3158E-03 7.6000E-12 11.1192
12 5.00 9.1085E-03 -1.4354E-06 1.5495E-04 6.4535E-11 10.1902
13 15.00 2.3094E-02 -9.4467E-07 4.0832E-05 2.4490E-10 9.6110
14 25.00 3.3351E-02 -5.8480E-07 1.7525E-05 5.7060E-10 9.2437
15 40.00 4.4462E-02 -1.9493E-07 4.3838E-06 2.2811E-09 8.6419
16 45.00 4.7386E-02 -9.2336E-08 1.9485E-06 5.1321E-09 8.2897
17 49.00 4.9512E-02 -1.7721E-08 3.5791E-07 2.7940E-08 7.5538
18 50.00 5.7000E-10 -2.8500E-11 5.3383E-06 5.2726
19 51.00 9.9010E-04 -2.8218E-11 9.9013E-04 3.0043
20 55.00 4.7619E-03 -2.7143E-11 4.7619E-03 2.3222
21 60.00 9.0909E-03 -2.5909E-11 9.0909E-03 2.0414
22
23 Spreadsheet Documentation
24 C8 = C2*C3/C7
25 B11 = $C$7*A11/($C$2+A11)+$C$5/$C$4
26 C11 = -$C$5/$C$4*($C$3*$C$2-$C$7*A11)/($C$2+A11)
27 D11 = (-B11+SQRT(B11^2-4*C11))/2
28 E11 = $C$5/D11
29 F11 = -LOG(E11)
30 B18 = ($C$7*A18-$C$3*$C$2)/($C$2+A18)+$C$4
31 C18 = -($C$4)*($C$2*$C$3/($C$2+A18))
32 E18 = (-B18+SQRT(B18^2-4*C18))/2+($C$7*A18-$C$2*$C$3)/($C$2+A18)
Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry: 8th ed. Chapter 14
A B C D E F
1 Part (b)
2 Vi, H2NNH2 50.00
3 ci, H2NNH2 0.1000
+
4 Ka, H2NNH3 1.05E-08
5 Kw, H2O 1.00E-14
6
7 c, HCl 0.1000
8 Veq. pt. 50.00
9
+
10 Vol. HCl, mL b c [OH-] [H3O ] pH
11 0.00 9.5238E-07 -9.5238E-08 3.0813E-04 3.2454E-11 10.4887
12 5.00 9.0919E-03 -7.7922E-08 8.5625E-06 1.1679E-09 8.9326
13 15.00 2.3078E-02 -5.1282E-08 2.2219E-06 4.5006E-09 8.3467
14 25.00 3.3334E-02 -3.1746E-08 9.5233E-07 1.0501E-08 7.9788
15 40.00 4.4445E-02 -1.0582E-08 2.3809E-07 4.2001E-08 7.3767
16 45.00 4.7369E-02 -5.0125E-09 1.0582E-07 9.4502E-08 7.0246
17 49.00 4.9496E-02 -9.6200E-10 1.9436E-08 5.1451E-07 6.2886
18 50.00 1.0500E-08 -5.2500E-10 2.2908E-05 4.6400
19 51.00 9.9011E-04 -5.1980E-10 9.9062E-04 3.0041
20 55.00 4.7619E-03 -5.0000E-10 4.7620E-03 2.3222
21 60.00 9.0909E-03 -4.7727E-10 9.0910E-03 2.0414
A B C D E F
1 Part (c)
2 Vi, NaCN 50.00
3 ci, NaCN 0.1000
4 Ka, HCN 6.20E-10
5 Kw, H2O 1.00E-14
6
7 c, HCl 0.1000
8 Veq. pt. 50.00
9
+
10 Vol. HCl, mL b c [OH-] [H3O ] pH
11 0.00 1.6129E-05 -1.6129E-06 1.2620E-03 7.9242E-12 11.1010
12 5.00 9.1070E-03 -1.3196E-06 1.4267E-04 7.0092E-11 10.1543
13 15.00 2.3093E-02 -8.6849E-07 3.7547E-05 2.6633E-10 9.5746
14 25.00 3.3349E-02 -5.3763E-07 1.6113E-05 6.2060E-10 9.2072
15 40.00 4.4461E-02 -1.7921E-07 4.0304E-06 2.4811E-09 8.6054
16 45.00 4.7385E-02 -8.4890E-08 1.7914E-06 5.5821E-09 8.2532
17 49.00 4.9511E-02 -1.6292E-08 3.2905E-07 3.0390E-08 7.5173
18 50.00 6.2000E-10 -3.1000E-11 5.5675E-06 5.2543
19 51.00 9.9010E-04 -3.0693E-11 9.9013E-04 3.0043
20 55.00 4.7619E-03 -2.9524E-11 4.7619E-03 2.3222
21 60.00 9.0909E-03 -2.8182E-11 9.0909E-03 2.0414
Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry: 8th ed. Chapter 14
14-43
A B C D E F
1 Part (a)
+
2 Vi, C6H5NH3 50.00
+
3 ci, C6H5NH3 0.1000
+
4 Ka, C6H5NH3 2.51E-05
5 Kw, H2O 1.00E-14
6
7 c, NaOH 0.1000
8 Veq. pt. 50.00
9
+
10 Vol. NaOH, mL b c [OH-] [H3O ] pH
11 0.00 2.5100E-05 -2.5100E-06 1.5718E-03 2.8036
12 5.00 9.1160E-03 -2.0536E-06 2.1997E-04 3.6576
13 15.00 2.3102E-02 -1.3515E-06 5.8356E-05 4.2339
14 25.00 3.3358E-02 -8.3667E-07 2.5062E-05 4.6010
15 40.00 4.4470E-02 -2.7889E-07 6.2706E-06 5.2027
16 45.00 4.7394E-02 -1.3211E-07 2.7872E-06 5.5548
17 49.00 4.9520E-02 -2.5354E-08 5.1198E-07 6.2907
18 50.00 3.9841E-10 -1.9920E-11 4.4630E-06 2.2406E-09 8.6496
19 51.00 9.9010E-04 -1.9723E-11 9.9012E-04 1.0100E-11 10.9957
20 55.00 4.7619E-03 -1.8972E-11 4.7619E-03 2.1000E-12 11.6778
21 60.00 9.0909E-03 -1.8109E-11 9.0909E-03 1.1000E-12 11.9586
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry: 8th ed. Chapter 14
A B C D E F
1 Part (b)
2 Vi, ClCH2COOH 50.00
3 ci, ClCH2COOH 0.0100
4 Ka, ClCH2COOH 1.36E-03
5 Kw, H2O 1.00E-14
6
7 c, NaOH 0.0100
8 Veq. pt. 50.00
9
+
10 Vol. NaOH, mL b c [OH-] [H3O ] pH
11 0.00 1.3600E-03 -1.3600E-05 3.0700E-03 2.5129
12 5.00 2.2691E-03 -1.1127E-05 2.3889E-03 2.6218
13 15.00 3.6677E-03 -7.3231E-06 1.4351E-03 2.8431
14 25.00 4.6933E-03 -4.5333E-06 8.2196E-04 3.0852
15 40.00 5.8044E-03 -1.5111E-06 2.4960E-04 3.6027
16 45.00 6.0968E-03 -7.1579E-07 1.1523E-04 3.9385
17 49.00 6.3095E-03 -1.3737E-07 2.1698E-05 4.6636
18 50.00 7.3529E-12 -3.6765E-14 1.9174E-07 5.2155E-08 7.2827
19 51.00 9.9010E-05 -3.6401E-14 9.9010E-05 1.0100E-10 9.9957
20 55.00 4.7619E-04 -3.5014E-14 4.7619E-04 2.1000E-11 10.6778
21 60.00 9.0909E-04 -3.3422E-14 9.0909E-04 1.1000E-11 10.9586
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Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry: 8th ed. Chapter 14
A B C D E F
1 Part (c)
2 Vi, HOCl 50.00
3 ci, HOCl 0.1000
4 Ka, HOCl 3.00E-08
5 Kw, H2O 1.00E-14
6
7 c, NaOH 0.1000
8 Veq. pt. 50.00
9
+
10 Vol. NaOH, mL b c [OH-] [H3O ] pH
11 0.00 3.0000E-08 -3.0000E-09 5.4757E-05 4.2616
12 5.00 9.0909E-03 -2.4545E-09 2.6999E-07 6.5687
13 15.00 2.3077E-02 -1.6154E-09 7.0000E-08 7.1549
14 25.00 3.3333E-02 -1.0000E-09 3.0000E-08 7.5229
15 40.00 4.4444E-02 -3.3333E-10 7.5000E-09 8.1249
16 45.00 4.7368E-02 -1.5789E-10 3.3333E-09 8.4771
17 49.00 4.9495E-02 -3.0303E-11 6.1224E-10 9.2131
18 50.00 3.3333E-07 -1.6667E-08 1.2893E-04 7.7560E-11 10.1104
19 51.00 9.9043E-04 -1.6502E-08 1.0065E-03 9.9355E-12 11.0028
20 55.00 4.7622E-03 -1.5873E-08 4.7652E-03 2.0985E-12 11.6781
21 60.00 9.0912E-03 -1.5152E-08 9.0926E-03 1.0998E-12 11.9587
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Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry: 8th ed. Chapter 14
A B C D E F
1 Part (d)
+
2 Vi, HONH3 50.00
+
3 ci, HONH3 0.1000
+
4 Ka, HONH3 1.10E-06
5 Kw, H2O 1.00E-14
6
7 c, HCl 0.1000
8 Veq. pt. 50.00
9
+
10 Vol. HCl, mL b c [OH-] [H3O ] pH
11 0.00 9.0909E-09 -9.0909E-10 3.0147E-05 3.3171E-10 9.4792
12 5.00 9.0909E-03 -7.4380E-10 8.1817E-08 1.2222E-07 6.9128
13 15.00 2.3077E-02 -4.8951E-10 2.1212E-08 4.7143E-07 6.3266
14 25.00 3.3333E-02 -3.0303E-10 9.0909E-09 1.1000E-06 5.9586
15 40.00 4.4444E-02 -1.0101E-10 2.2727E-09 4.4000E-06 5.3565
16 45.00 4.7368E-02 -4.7847E-11 1.0101E-09 9.9000E-06 5.0044
17 49.00 4.9495E-02 -9.1827E-12 1.8553E-10 5.3900E-05 4.2684
18 50.00 1.1000E-06 -5.5000E-08 2.3397E-04 3.6308
19 51.00 9.9120E-04 -5.4455E-08 1.0423E-03 2.9820
20 55.00 4.7630E-03 -5.2381E-08 4.7729E-03 2.3212
21 60.00 9.0920E-03 -5.0000E-08 9.0964E-03 2.0411
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Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry: 8th ed. Chapter 14
14-44
A B C D E F G
+
1 Species pH [H3O ] Ka 0 1
2 (a) Acetic Acid 5.320 4.7863E-06 1.75E-05 0.215 0.785
3 (b) Picric Acid 1.250 5.6234E-02 4.3E-01 0.116 0.884
4 (c) HOCl 7.000 1.0000E-07 3.0E-08 0.769 0.231
+
5 (d) HONH3 5.120 7.5858E-06 1.10E-06 0.873 0.127
6 (e) Piperidine 10.080 8.3176E-11 7.50E-12 0.917 0.083
7
8 Spreadsheet Documentation
9 D2 = 10^(-C2)
10 F2 = D2/(D2+E2)
11 G2 = E2/(D2+E2)
6.310 10 4
0 = = 0.778
6.310 10 4 1.80 10 4
HCOOH HCOOH = 0
cT 0.0850
14-46 [H3O+] = 3.3810-12 M. For CH3NH3+, Equation 9-36 takes the form,
[CH 3 NH 2 ]
= 0.872 =
0.120
[H 3 O ] [H 3 O ]
0 =
K a [H 3 O ] 1.38 10 4 [H 3 O ]
Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry: 8th ed. Chapter 14
= 0.640 =
HA HA
cT 0.120