NAME : JASTI LIDIA NABI

NIM :711440120048
PRODI : D-III KEPERAWATAN TK-2A

PAPER MATERI USING THE SIMPLE PRESENT, USING THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE, AND EXPRESSING PAST TIME

A. Using The Simple Present

The simple present is a grammar used to explain habits (habits), things that are done daily (routines), and general facts that are known
To be true (general facts).

Habits or usual activities, contoh kalimat:

 Gigi brushes her teeth twice a day.

 I go to school at 7 am.
 Routine, contoh kalimat:

 Andi takes a shower everyday.

 I take the bus to the office.

General statements of fact, contoh kalimat:

 A square has four equal sides.

 The sky is blue.
 Babies cry.
 The moon revolves around the earth.

a. Bentuk-bentuk Simple Present dalam Kalimat

SIMPLE PRESENT FORM

STATEMENT Subject +V1

{I-You-we-they} work (he-she-it) works

NEGATIVE Subject +do/does not +V1

{i-you-we-they} do not work. (he-she-it) does

not work
QUESTIOM Do/does + subject + V1?

Do (i-you-we-they) work? Does {me-she-it)

work?
Additional Note:

 Contractions of pronouns with be: I’m, you’re, we’re, they’re, he’s, she’s, it’s.
 Contractions of verbs with not: don’t, doesn’t, aren’t, isn’t. (Am and not are not contracted)

Example of sentences:

 Ali speaks Arabic. Arabic is his native.

 I usually sit at the same desk in class everyday.
 I don’t drink coffee. I am allergic to it.
 Molly doesn’t read the newspaper.
 Do you take the bus to get to school everyday, or do you just walk?

b. Spelling: Akhiran -S vs. –ES

Spelling on the use of third-person verbs in the simple present (whether added -S or -ES) depends on the ending of the verb, for more details see the
explanation below:

1. For verbs ending in-O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z add -ES in the form for the third person (third person: He-She-It). Contoh:

 go – goes
 catch – catches
 wash – washes
 kiss – kisses
 fix – fixes
 buzz – buzzes
2. For verbs ending in consonant + Y, remove the letter Y and replace it and add -IES. Example:

 marry – marries
 study – studies
 carry – carries
 worry – worries

NOTE: For verbs ending in a vowel + Y, simply add -S. Example:

 play – plays
 enjoy – enjoys
 say – says

c. Penggunaan Frequency Adverbs

Frequency adverbs in the simple present tense are used to describe the level of frequency (how often) an activity is carried out by someone. The use of
frequency adverbs is located between the Subject and verb
From the information above, it can be seen that the use of frequency adverbs (adverbs of frequency) such as always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely,
and never in their use in a sentence has levels adjusted to how often we do the activity.

Example sentences: (Eat breakfast)

 Enny: I never eat breakfast.

 Dinda: Ali usually eats breakfast. Enny never eats breakfast.

d. Short Answers dengan Do/Does

Sample Questions Short Answer (Affirmative) Short Answer (Negative)

Do you like chocolate? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
Do I need a pencil? Yes, you do. No, you don’t.
Do you both like chocolate? Yes, we do. No, we don’t.
Do they like chocolate? Yes, they do. No, they don’t.
Does he like chocolate? Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.
Does she like chocolate? Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.
Does it have four wheels? Yes, it does. No, it doesn’t.

B. Using The Present Progressive

Pengertian Present Progressive Tense

Present progressive Tense is a type of tense that is used to show something that is happening or is going on when the speaker speaks.

Rumus Present Progressive Tense

To make sentences with the present progressive tense pattern, the verb used is V-ing (Verb+ing).

Jenis Kalimat Rumus Contoh

Kalimat Positif S + to be (am,is,are) + V-ing I am watching TV.
 They are playing football.
I am not studying now
Kalimat Negatif S + to be (am,is,are) + not + V-ing
He is not sleeping.
Is your mother cooking now?
Kalimat interrogatif To be (am,is,are) + S + V-ing?
Are they singing your song?
Generally, the present progressive tense is more often used for verbal sentences or sentences that indicate an activity or event. The following is a sentence
structure with the present progressive tense.

A. Kalimat Positif

1. Tony is reading a novel now.

2. They are playing badminton this morning.
3. I am watching that movie in the cinema tonight.

The sentences above are examples of positive sentences with the present progressive tense pattern to indicate ongoing events or events that will take
place soon. The verb used for this tense pattern always gets the suffix -ing after the verb, such as read to read; play becomes playing; watch becomes
watching, and there is to be: am/is/are which is used according to the subject in the sentence. If the subject is I, then use 'am'; if the subject is he, she, it,
use 'is', and if the subject is you, they, we, then use 'are'.

B. Kalimat Negatif
 Tony is not reading a novel now.
 They are not playing badminton this morning.
 I am not watching that movie in the cinema tonight.

The sentences above are examples of negative sentences with the present progressive tense pattern to indicate ongoing events or events that will take
place soon. The sentence pattern is almost the same as positive sentences, the difference is the addition of the word not after 'am, is, are' to indicate that
the sentence has a negative meaning.
C. Kalimat Tanya (Interrogative Sentence)
 Is Tony reading a novel now?
 Are they playing badminton this morning?

he sentences above are examples of interrogative sentences, the sentence patterns are also the same as positive and negative sentences, where the verb is
in the form of v-ing and is always preceded by to be: am/is/are. It's just that, to be is located in front of the subject at the beginning of the sentence

Penggunaan Present Progressive Tense

In speaking in English, tenses are one of the important things for you to pay attention to. As mentioned earlier that the simple present tense is used to express
an event that is currently taking place, the following is a detailed description of the use of the present progressive tense.

1. Untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang sedang berlangsung ketika speaker berbicara.

o He is reading a book. (Dia sedang membaca sebuah buku)
2. Untuk menyatakan kejadian yang bersifat sementara.
o She is watching TV but she will wash the dishes soon. (Dia sedang menonton TV sekarang tapi akan segera mencuci piring)
3. Untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang direncanakan akan dilakukan pada waktu yang akan datang.
o I am going to his house tonight. (Saya akan pergi kerumah dia malam ini)
4. Untuk menyatakan sesutu yang berubah-ubah
o I am studying at Hasanuddin University. (Saya kuliah di Universitas Hasanuddin)

Keterangan Waktu Present Progressive Tense

Keterangan Waktu Artinya

Now Sekarang
Right now Saat ini
At present Sekarang ini/pada saat ini
Today Hari ini
This morning Pagi ini
This afternoon Sore ini
Soon Segera
Tonight Malam ini

Kesimpulan

Present progressive Tense is a type of tense that is used to express an event that is taking place at this time or now when the speaker (speaker) speaks.
The thing that can be a marker to make it easier to remember this tense is the use of Verb 1 + Ing. So, whenever you want to state something in these tenses,
the verb form must always be in the V-ing form and there is always to be. The use of to be depends on the subject of the sentence to be made.
 C. Expressing Past Time
Pengeertian expressing past time is a form of verb used to talk about things that happened in the past
Berikut contohnya:
(+) I was born in 2001. / Aku lahir pada tahun 2001.
(-) I was not born in 2001. / Aku tidak lahir pada tahun 2001.
(?) Were you born in 2001? / Apakah kamu lahir pada tahun 2001?
(+) I went to Paris last year. / Aku pergi ke Paris tahun lalu.
(-) I did not go to Paris last year. / Aku tidak pergi ke Paris tahun lalu.
(?) Did you go to Paris last year? / Apakah kamu pergi ke Paris tahun lalu
(+) My grandfather was a soldier. / Kakekku adalah seorang tentara.
(-) My grandfather was not a soldier. / Kakekku bukan seorang tentara.
(?) Was your grandfather a soldier? / Apakah kakekmu seorang tentara?

Contoh lain:

(+) Tania bought a beautiful necklace when she went to the mall last night. / Tania membeli sebuah kalung yang cantik ketika ia pergi ke
 Mall malam tadi
(-) Tania did not buy a necklace when she went to the mall last night. / Tania tidak membeli kalung ketika ia pergi ke mall malam tadi
(?) Did Tania buy a necklace when she went to the mall last night? / Apakah Tania membeli kalung ketika ia pergi ke mall malam tadi?
(+) Toro was here this morning. / Toro ada di sini tadi pagi.
(-) Toro was not here this morning. / Toro tidak ada di sini tadi pagi.
(?) Was Toro here this morning? / Apakah Toro ada di sini tadi pagi?
(+) They brought me lots of fruit when I was sick. / Mereka membawakanku banyak buah ketika aku sakit.
(-) They did not bring me lots of fruit when I was sick. / Mereka tidak membawakanku banyak buah ketika aku sakit.
(?) Did they bring you lots of fruit when you were sick? / Apakah mereka membawakanmu banyak buah ketika kamu sakit?

Rumus : The formula for asking a question in the simple past tense is did + [subject] + [root form of verb].
Example : Did Wolfgang win the gold medal or the silver medal? Where did Wolfgang go to celebrate? Did the judges decide fairly, in
Your opinion?
When asking a question with the verb to be, you don’t need the auxiliary did. The formula is was/were + [subject].