SMART PARKING SYSTEM USING IOT

ANEETA J JOSEPH, NAVEEN P NAIR, GUIDED BY:-ASST.PROF (Gr II) MRS. MOHANA PRIYA. R

II.ABSTRACT
Efficient and smart way to automate the management of the parking system that
allocates an efficient parking space using internet of things technology. The
IoT provides a wireless access to the system and the user can keep a track of the
availability of the parking area. With increase in the population of the vehicles
in metropolitan cities, road congestion is the major problem that is being faced.
The aim of this paper is to resolve this issue. The user usually wastes his time
and efforts in search of the availability of the free space in a specified parking
area, it is important to have a parking management system using mobile
application.
This system can help reduce the time to find an empty parking spot. QR codes
are used in this system which can help mark the distinction between two cases.
First case is when the parking lot is empty and the other when it is full. Before
entering a lot to park, a map of the parking lot along with all the parking spot
numbers are shown. The driver can select the desired spot to park and a QR
code is generated. For the selected slot, this QR code is scanned and the chosen
slot is reserved. Therefore, we can give the total number of empty slots and also
where exact the empty parking slot is. This helps driver’s find parking easily.
Another benefit is that it also helps with traffic, such as when people keep
searching for parking slots, eventually it slows everyone down as they are
driving in the lot.
In recent times the concept of smart cities has gained popularity. Thanks to the
evolution of Internet of things the idea of smart city now seems to be
achievable. Consistent efforts are being made in the field of IOT in order to
maximize the productivity and reliability of urban infrastructure.
The problems such as, traffic congestion, limited car parking facilities and road
safety are being addressed by IOT The proposed Smart Parking system consists
of an on-site deployment of an IOT module that is used to monitor and signalize
the state of availability of each single parking space.
A mobile application is also provided that allows an end user to check the
availability of parking space and book a parking slot accordingly. It is
composed of a small single-board computer, distance sensor, camera, LED
indicator, buzzer, and battery and devoted to obtain the status of a parking
space. This smart mobility project involves three main elements, namely the
smart vehicular presence sensor, a mobile application, and a monitoring centre,
working together to monitor, control, process, and display the parking space
information in real-time to the drivers.
A mobile application is also provided that allows an end user to check the
availability of parking space and book a parking slot accordingly. In addition,
the design and implementation of the three elements of the complete
architecture are presented.

II.INTRODUCTION
Vehicle parking monitoring and management has become a big challenge for
educational institutions with increasing enrolment’s, high percentage of vehicle
ownership and decreasing parking supply results in triggering blockage of
vehicles, congestion, wastage of time and money. Many works involving smart
parking solutions have been proposed, but in general they do not discuss the
reliability and effectiveness of their solutions.
The main requirements are vehicle detection and the presentation of the status
of parking spaces for the users, which are achieved using different ways. The
various applications available to assist in parking are generally for shopping
malls or airports. These applications mostly use parking meters or sensors to
show if any parking space is available. It is difficult to know the exact location
of an empty space using parking meters. On the contrary, using sensors is the
most effective and best method so far, but it has its own disadvantage of not
begin able to easily deploy in open parking lots and it’s not robust enough to
withstand extreme weather conditions. Thus can choose a slot in the parking lot.
This selection will generate a QR code.
This generated code is scanned and the slot is reserved. When leaving the
parking lot QR code is scanned again, which frees the slot. Thus, simplifying
the process of parking. A scanner application is also developed for this project.
This scanner application will scan the QR code and update the reserved slots in
the map. In the same way a QR code is generated when exiting the parking lot.
The scanner application can again be used to scan the exiting QR code to the
mark the slot empty. In the case where another car is already parked in the
selected slot, the driver can report it. This action will provide a new page, which
consists of all the other empty slots to select for parking this project proposes
the idea of using QR codes. As shown in the figure 1, a map of the parking lot is
shown at the entrance to the lot and this map can also be accessed through a
mobile application. This map has marked slots on it.

Figure 1: The overview of the proposed car parking system

The concept of Internet of Things (IoT) started with things with identity
communication devices. The devices could be tracked, controlled or monitored
using remote computers connected through Internet. IoT extends the use of
Internet providing the communication, and thus internetwork of the devices and
physical objects, or ‘Things’.
The ideal of creating a Smart City is now becoming possible with the
emergence of the Internet of Things. One of the key issues that smart cities
relate to are car parking facilities and traffic management systems. In present
day cities finding an available parking spot is always difficult for drivers, and it
tends to become harder with ever increasing number of private car users.
This situation can be seen as an opportunity for smart cities to undertake
actions in order enhance the efficiency their parking resources thus leading to
reduction in searching times, traffic congestion and road accidents. Problems
pertaining to parking and traffic congestion can be solved if the drivers can be
informed in advance about the availability of parking spaces at and around their
intended destination. Recent advances in creating low-cost, low-power
embedded systems are helping developers to build new applications for Internet
of Things. Followed by the developments in sensor technology, many modern
cities have opted for deploying various IoT based systems in and around the
cities for the purpose of monitoring. A recent survey performed by the
International Parking Institute reflects an increase in number of innovative ideas
related to parking systems.
At present there are certain parking systems that claim to citizens of delivering
real time information about available parking spaces. Such systems require
efficient sensors to be deployed in the parking areas for monitoring the
occupancy as well as quick data processing units in order to gain practical
insights from data collected over various sources.

III.EXISTING SYSTEM
Most of the parking related apps are tied to an existing system of garages,
parking meters and sensors to gauge the traffic, prices and availability of
parking spaces. A case study of the most downloaded among these apps gives a
premise to designing an application with a functional user interface and a
satisfying user experience. This sections a few mobile apps which are some of
the real world example of parking space finders.

Colorado State University

CSU’s parking guidance system features the installation of parking sensors in
each of the 645 covered spaces and monitors all 870 spaces in the universities
only parking structure. A space indicator light is installed on a dropper at the
front of the parking space, offering drivers a clear view of where open spaces
can be found and what type of parking is permitted in an individual space.
Different colours indicate each spaces status and user group: green for available,
red for occupied, blue for reserved parking and purple for electric vehicle
charging stations.

Park Mobile
Park Mobile using token system currently offers its mobile payments program
at 38colleges and universities spanning more than 75,000 parking spaces around
the country. One can check the proposed parking zone based on your GPS
location and one has to press start to start your parking session .You can also
manually enter a parking zone (the parking zone number on the meter or area
sign) or choose a zone from your favourites .There is also an option to pay the
parking fee in the application itself.
Park Me
Park Me boasts the largest parking database encompassing many cities around
the world. Park Me instead of installing new sensors uses existing infrastructure
human researchers and parking lot operators to keep its data accurate. The Park
Me app has a map view with a few buttons on the title bar and on the tab bar.
The Park Me button is the prominent one on the tab bar which allows users to
search for parking availability and prices based on the driver’s current location.
Alternatively the location can be searched ahead of travel. The app also shows
the total price based for the duration, the car was parked for. Other useful
features include Parking Timer, Mark My Car and Find My Car. Parking Timer
allows the user to set a timer to alert for parking time limit. Mark My Car marks
the current GPS location so that the driver can use Find My Car to locate the car
on the street or in the parking lot. This feature can be combined with the timer.
The Park Me button is customizable to set the availability of parking based on
certain preferences such as user parking spaces or cheaper prices.

SF Park
SF Park is an application created and maintained by the San Francisco
Municipal Transport Authority to facilitate improved parking in the San
Francisco area. The real time information about vacant parking spaces is
reported to drivers for quickly parking their vehicles. The prices of the spaces
are adjusted based on the demand and use in a given area. Demand responsive
pricing encourages drivers to park in underused areas and garages reducing
demand in overused areas. SF Park uses sensors and parking meters to log
information about parking vacancies to a central system. The drivers can look
up the information through the mobile app. The city uses microwave pucks and
base stations, when a vehicle moves to break the connection between the sensor
and base station. This signals a car is present. The SF Park app displays a map
of San Francisco. The tab bar at the bottom contains two buttons, Availability
and Price. The availability map displays the availability of street parking using
colored lines on streets on the map. A colour legend is shown at the top with red
being the lowest, navy blue for medium and blue for indicating highest
availability. Similarly, the price map displays the city map overlaid with colored
lines based on the pricing of parking spaces. Dark green corresponds to the most
expensive while light green for least expensive. The dots on the colored line
shows an estimate of the number of available spaces on that street or the price
per hour depending on which map the driver views. The reload button on the
top-right refreshes the data from the server.

SOLUTION – CAR PARKING

Most existing systems are not cost efficient or easy to implement. Some of the
applications do not provide the exact slot to park. Thus, the proposed system
overcomes these disadvantages.

Functionalities
The following are some functionalities:
 The basic functionality provided by the system is an easy way to find
parking.
 Option which helps the driver to choose where he can park.
 All the parking slots and the number of available parking slots are displayed.
 If a car is already parked at the selected slot, other available parking lots are
displayed to choose from.
 In the case where a car is already parked in a selected slot, a photo of the
wrongly parked car can be send to university police department.

IV.PROPSED SYSTEM
SYSTEM DESIGN
System Architecture
The system architecture consists of mainly two parts; one is client (android) and
the other is a server. It is comprised of XML, FCM (Firebase Cloud Messaging)
service layer ,Apache HTTP Client, GSON Library, Easy image, Type Face,
Card View, Java REST Client, REST services (Representational State Transfer),
JSON (Java Script Object Notation), Controller, Service Layer, JSON and
Centralized database.
 Figure 2: System Architecture of car parking application
The server is implemented using REST service and JSON parser is used for
parsing service. JSON objects are sent across communication channels for
application in mobile devices. For data input, the client has an android user
interface to perform activities. Service layer is used for getting the result from
GSON and will send the result to view. Apache HTTP client and Java REST
client are used for writing code for connections. All requests that are received
by the client are sent to the controller of server through REST service. Service
layer in the server is used for implementing all databases. Finally, the data
obtained by the JSON object is displayed in the user interface of Android.

User Interface
It is the place where the user interacts with the system. The execution flow of
the car parking application is further proposed in this section.

Car Parking Application

This application contains all the parking lots, generated QR codes and options
to report to Security department Office.
Login Screen
The login screen is used for user authentication. It is used to prevent
unauthorized users access to the application. Figure 3.1 shows the login screen.
The user can access the account using user name and password.

Fig.3: Logic Screen

Registration Screen
A new user should first register with the application. To complete the
registration process, certain details must be provided by the user. These details
are full name, user name, password, A-number and email id. These details are
used to identify the user.

Figure 4: Registration Screen

Home Screen
The first screen that the user sees when they log in to the application. This
screen shows all the parking lots available on the Parking Area. Each of these
parking lots has a corresponding number beside them .Indicating the number of
available parking lots at that instance. The hamburger icon on the top left corner
displays the menu of the application and the top right ellipsis icon provides an
option to log out.

Figure5: Home screen

As soon as the user clicks on the parking lot of their selection, the next page for
parking slot selection is displayed.

Menu
The Entrance Scanning option, contains the entrance parking QR code. The Exit
Scanning has the exit QR code. Report issues is used to notify Security
department about cars parked in wrong slots. The parking history contains the
details of their parking over a period of time and Your Reports has all the users’
reports.
Figure 6: Menu

Entrance scan
The QR code generated at the entrance of the parking lot and also the
conformation message after the QR code is scanned, using the scanner
application.

Figure 7: Entrance QR Code

Exit scan
This code is generated only when the entrance code is scanned at the beginning.
Figure 8: Exit QR Code

Choosing the available slot

This screen displays all the available slots for selection. The slots are
distinguished in different colours. The Grey slots are for reserved parking, the
Green slots indicate slots available for parking, the white slots indicates the
selected slot by the user and the black slots are for already reserved slots by
other users. The screen also shows the surrounding buildings. After the
selection, the user can proceed to scan their QR code. After selecting a slot, a
dialog is displayed.

Figure 9: Choosing parking slot

Which contains information regarding how long the parking is reserved. In this
app we choose the time reserved for a slot as 15 minutes. There are two options
are provided to the user. One is to scan later and the other is to scan now. Scan
now will take the user directly to the page where QR code is provided.
Figure 10: Option to scan within the time reservation

Confirming availability
In situations like when a car was parked without scanning the entrance QR code
or the car left parking lot, without the exit scanning; the system will never know
if the slot is empty or not when the user from slot5 is leaving, he can answer
questions as shown in figure 11 Thus in this way, the wrongly reserved slots can
be unreserved again.

Figure 11: De-allocating empty slots

The slot 2 is de-allocated again as the user who is exiting the 5th slot confirmed
that it is empty and the 10th slot is still reserved as it was not empty.

Cancelling
Figure shows the option to cancel after the selection of the slot. After
cancelling, that particular slot goes back to the Grey colour, i.e. it can be
reserved again.
Figure 12: Cancelling a reserved slot

Reporting
The user can report the slot that they booked as shown. In the case where a car
is already parked in the user selected slot, the report button can be used. Using
this report button the user can click a picture of the already parked car and send
it to Security department, for necessary action. From here the user is redirected
to the home page, where they can select another available slot.

Figure 13: Report options

Figure 14: To Report
Logout
When the user has finished using the application, they can click on the logout
button. To use the application again, the user has to log in again.

Scanner Application
This application is used to scan the QR codes generated at the entrance and the
exit of the parking lot. After scanning, confirmation messages are displayed.
Shows scanning of the QR code and conformation messages after the entrance
scan and the exit scan.

Figure 15: Scanner application

V.WORKING OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

SERVER CODE

Loading required dependencies into project maven

Figure shows loading of spring project dependencies into pom.xml. Starters are
a set of convenient dependency descriptors that you can include in your
application. You get a one-stop shop for all the spring and related technologies
that you need without having to hunt through sample code and copy-paste loads
of de-pendency descriptors. Starter for building web, including REST,
applications using Spring MVC, uses Tomcat as the default embedded
container.
Figure 16: Server code
Handling QR code logics
Figure shows how to get the QR code and validate it. It also gets the user to
whom QR code is assigned to. It validates if the QR code is scanned and after
scanning if it is the correct QR code for that respective parking slot. All the
other validations are performed using this logic.

Figure 17: QR code handling

Android code

Rest call to Java - this code interacts with server code

Figure shows the interaction with the server code. Apache Http Client is a
robust and complete solution Java library to perform HTTP operations,
including Restful service. In this implementation, we show you how to create a
RESTful29Java client with Apache Http Client, to perform a GET and POST
request. If we end the request; it will immediately return the response in Http
Response object and we convert it into json format.
Figure 18: Rest call to java

Adds data to show parking slots

Figure is an implementation to display all the parking lots. Each lot with all its
slots are displayed with this help of this logic.

Figure 19: To display parking slot

Shows QR code to the users

Figure is used to provide the QR code to the user. The QR code is present in the
menu options. There are two different types of QR codes. First one is the
entrance QR code and the other is the exiting QR code. Each slot in the every
parking lot has a unique QR code. This QR code contains information about the
user, slot number and which parking lot is the slot in.

Figure 20: Displaying QR code to user

VI.RESULT AND DISCUSSION
In this section, all the functionalities of the application are tested under various
scenarios. This application is mainly tested using Motorola phone with
Android7.0.

Login Validation
The login page is the first page the user sees when they open the application.
The user is asked to provide the username and password. They should provide
correct credentials. If the correct credentials are not provided, a user cannot
access the application as shown in the figure 21.

Figure 21: Login Validation

Booking twice from one account before the expiration time
The user can select a slot in their desired parking lot. After this selection, the
user is asked to scan the generated QR code now or later. This QR code is
available to them for 15 minutes, after which the QR code expires. Before this
expiration, if the user wants to book another slot, they are shown in the figure
22. This shows that they cannot book another slots before the expiration time.

Figure 23: Validation error when user tries to book again before expiration

Is the booking reacting on the main screen?

The main screen of the application in the figure has all the parking lots on
parking area and corresponding to it is the number of slots available at that
moment. After the selection of the desired slot from a parking lot, the main
screen shows a decrease in the available slots.

Figure 24: Available slots in all the parking slots

The Jelly Fish parking lot has 100 available slots as shown in figure. After
booking a slot the number decreases to 99 as shown in figure for Jelly Fish
parking lot

Figure 24: Is the booking reacting?

Cancelling a booking
When the user cancels their booking, the parking slot is de-allocated. Figure
shows an increase in Jelly Fish parking, after the cancellation of the previously
selected slot booking.
Figure 25: Cancelling selected slot booking

Reporting a problem
In a case where a car is already parked in a user selected slot, the user can send
a photo to the Security department office and select a different slot to park.
Figures shows that the camera can be accessed and an e-mail being sent to the
Security department Office.

Figure 26: Reporting a problem

VI.CONCLUSION
Car parking is an android application developed to make university parking
convenient. The main functionality of the application is to show exactly which
slots on various parking lots are available for park. This is achieved with the
help of QR codes. The user must scan the QR code provided to them in the
menu options, when they are parking and again when they are exiting. This
simplifies the whole parking process.
In the past five years, the usage of smart phones has been increasing rapidly.
Most of people are using android mobile devices which in turn enhances the
scope for developing Android applications. Android is an open source platform,
and this project is designed for android mobile devices. The application is used
to select a parking slot even before entering the lot for parking. This application
is compatible with several versions of Android ranging from Android 5.0 -
Lollipop to recent Android 7.0 - Nougat.
Software Requirements
1. Operating System  Windows
2. Database  My SQL  Amazon web server
3. Integrated Development Environment  Android Studio 10
4. Programming Language  Java  Android
Minimum Hardware Requirements
 Ram: 1 GB
 Hard disk space: 50 GB

VII. FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

The following functions will help improve the application:
 The parking history collected in this application, can be used to make
statistics and can notify to the user, that their usual parking lot has free slots
at that moment.
 The application can provide an option to certain professors or employees to
select their own reserved parking.
 Provide-ability for user to link their account with islander account.
 By doing so they can access their sail account using this platform and buy
their parking pass for the semester.
 A map with directions can be provided to the user from the entrance to the
parking slot.
VII.REFERENCES
[1] Aalsalem , M. Y., and Khan, W. Z. Campussense a smart vehicle parking
monitoring and management system using anpr cameras and android phones .In
2017 19th International Conference on Advanced Communication
Technology(ICACT) (2017).

[2] Araujo, A., Rubem Kalebe,. G. G., Filho, I., Gonc, K., alves, and Neto, B.
Reliability analysis of an iot-based smart parking application for smart cities. In
2017 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BIGDATA) (2017).

[3] Company, A. I. Park Me. https://www.parkme.com/, 2011-2016 Park Me

Inc.

[4] Dudheria, R. Evaluating features and electiveness of secure QR code

scanners In 2017 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed
Computing and Knowledge Discovery (2017), p. 40.

[5] Friedman, J. Universities where the most students bring cars to campus.
https://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/the-short-
listcollege/articles/2016-10-11/ universities-where-the-most-students-bring-
cars-to campus, 2016. U.S. News & World Report L.P.

[6] Liu, K.-C., Wu, C.-H., and Tseng, S.-Y. Voice helper: A mobile assistive
system for visually impaired persons. In 2015 IEEE International Conference on
Computer and Information Technology; Ubiquitous Computing and
Communications; Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing; Pervasive
Intelligence and Computing (2015).

[7] Park mobile. Park mobile is helping spark the parking revolution on college
and university campuses across the country. http://us.parkmobile.com/news/
parkmobile-helping-spark-parking-revolution-college-and-university-
campusesacross-country use, 2015. Park mobile, LLC.
[8] Paulo R.L.de Almeida, Luis S.Oliveira, A. S. E. J. A. L. Pklota robust
dataset for parking lot classification. 2015 Expert Systems with Applications 42
(2015), 4937{4949. [9] Phillips, S. Colorado state university completes new
green parking initiative.
https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20151201005294/en/ Colorado-
State-University-Completes-New-Green-Parking, 2015. BUSINESS WIRE L.P.

[10] Prof.R.S.Sandhya Devi, Dr.V.R.Vijay Kumar, S. Application development

for reservation based parking slot allotment and management system using
android. 2017 International Conference on Innovations in Information,
Embedded and Communication Systems (ICIIECS) (2017).

[11] SFMTA. Sparking. http://sfpark.org/.

[12] Zusheng Zhang, Xiao Yun Li, H. Y. F. Y. A street parking system using
wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks
2013.