2016 7th International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Modelling and Simulation

Design of Alcohol Detection System for Car Users thru Iris Recognition Pattern
Using Wavelet Transform

Lea Angelica Navarro, Mark Anthony Diño, Exechiel Joson, Rommel Anacan, Roberto Dela Cruz
Electronics Engineering Department, Technological Institute of the Philippines- Manila
Manila, Philippines

measured, it is less probable for two irises to match.

Abstract — The purpose of this paper is to develop a system
that captures the Iris image of the driver by detecting if the
person is drunk and likewise to develop a reliable algorithm
for Iris Recognition. This paper is composed of hardware
and software system which focuses on the implementation of
an algorithm based on Gabor Filter. The system consists of
CCD Camera and Analog-to-Digital Converter, which is
linked into a MATLAB program to simulate the captured
image which then provides a signal going to the
microcontroller and a relay circuit to manipulate the car
ignition. If the MATLAB program detects that the driver is
under the influence of alcohol, a bypass system follows
through a password which is recognized by the MATLAB
program then the car/vehicle starts.
Keywords — Gabor Filter, Iris Recognition, Algorithm
I. INTRODUCTION
Biometrics is the science of establishing human
identity by using physical or behavioral traits such as the
face, fingerprints, palm prints, iris, hand geometry, and
voice [2]. Iris recognition is also gaining attraction in
physical and logical access control programs, including
the U.S. government’s PIV card for authentication of
federal employees and contractors. Adoption of an iris in
civilian programs is not hindered by the cleanliness issues
associated with fingerprint capture devices that concern
some cultures, nor by the poor quality prints related to
manual laborers and some elderly citizens [3]. Iris
Recognition System is a biometrically based technology
for identification and verification purposes using an
individual’s iris prints. It has been studied over a year that
iris recognition has a very distinct and accurate data
acquisition due to the detailed structure of it. It has been
claimed that every iris is unique particularly in its
structure. These differences do not change over a long
period which makes it more specific to other types of the
biometric system today.
Furthermore, Iris Recognition also used for security
system applications and already in operation worldwide.
In fact, Ophthalmologists proved that Iris Recognition is
expected to prevail as the best way to go for human
recognition. It is considered to have the best results along
with DNA pattern recognition [5]. Comparing more
features of the iris increases the likelihood of uniqueness.
Since more features are being
Another benefit of using the iris is its stability. The iris
remains stable for a lifetime because it is not subjected to
the environment, as it is protected by the cornea and
aqueous humour [6].
Meanwhile, Drunk Driving is one of the leading
vehicular accidents worldwide. Because of irresponsible
act of many drivers, not only themselves but frequently
numerous innocent lives died and were injured every year.
Despite the fact that drunk driving is a very serious matter
to be solved, authorities has been relying only on visual
observations and a series of alcohol test which will take
time and difficulties. Furthermore, since iris recognition
has evolved over years of study, this technology could
resolve drunk driving accidents.
This research aims to provide sufficient solution in
recent problems and needs, to provide enough knowledge
regarding Iris Recognition to improve the security system
technology, to enhance research methods for iris
recognition, to show the importance for the respondents of
this research and to support somehow government trusts.
The significance of this research is to develop an
algorithm which could be used as alcohol detection for car
users which will be beneficial to both government and
vehicle industry regarding security system and help the
future researcher to improve their knowledge.
This research limited itself to the design, development
and evaluation of alcohol detection for car users
concerning technology since it only focuses on iris
recognition system technology, size due to the dilation
and constriction of the pupil, and algorithm which is
simulated only in MATLAB.
II. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Drunk driving is considered as one of the most
popular aspects of vehicular accidents worldwide. Drivers
under the influence of alcohol show a clear failure of
perception, recognition, and vehicle control, so they tend
to make certain types of dangerous actions. Iris
recognition technology is continuously growing over
years which could resolve drunken driving accidents
worldwide. The purpose of this research is sub-divided
into three parts. First is to understand and design an
Alcohol Detection system consist of CCD Camera and
audio/video converter, a laptop for the simulation of the
algorithm, a microcontroller for the conversion of string

2166-0670/16 $31.00 © 2016 IEEE 15

DOI 10.1109/ISMS.2016.60
output of MATLAB, a relay circuit, and an actual vehicle. going to the microcontroller and relay circuit, and the
Second part is to implement and simulate an open-source car/vehicle will start.
iris recognition system to perform the matching between
post and pre- consumption of alcohol using MATLAB
tools and use face recognition in the event of failure to
recognize due to the use of alcohol. Last but not the least
is to test it in an actual car/ vehicle to prove its reliability.
Specifically, the study seeks to answer the following
questions:
1. How will the proposed Iris Recognition design
differ from other published Iris Recognition in terms of:
a. Reliability
b. Safety
c. Convenience
2. Is there any significant effect on the performance of
Figure 2. MATLAB Algorithm for Recognition
the prototype if the pupil constricts or dilates?

III. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The basis for abstracting the design and development

of Alcohol Detection for Car Users through Iris
Recognition using Gabor Filter is to provide an overview
of how the hardware and software were being developed.
Using the developed open source based iris recognition
system, a series of testing was conducted to gather data
and verify the effectiveness of the prototype..
Figure 3. MATLAB Algorithm for GUI

Figure 1. Eclectic Model for the proposed System Figure 4. Designed Eye Scanner Prototype

IV. METHODOLOGY
To Design the Alcohol Detection for Car Users
through Iris Recognition using Gabor Filter, it focused on
three main tasks. First is capturing an iris image.
Secondly, it is necessary to encode the iris information
into a format which is responsive to calculation and
computation. Finally, a signal coming from the open
source recognition system will manipulate the car/vehicle
through the use of microcontroller and relay circuit which
literally connected to the ignition system of the
car/vehicle. Once the driver is detected positive to alcohol
consumption, a bypass code will follow which will then
the open source recognition system will recognize. Then,
the open source recognition system will release a signal
A. Research Design
The first stage will be to develop an algorithm to
segment the iris region automatically from an eye image.
It will require research into many different techniques
such as Gabor Filter, Canny Edge Detection, and other
types of an algorithm which will filter the image of the
eye. Following this, the next stage will be to normalize
the iris region in order to counteract imaging
inconsistencies such as pupil dilation. An implementation
of canny edge and Hough transform together with the
accumulator representation will be used for this purpose,
as this is the most documented method for pupil
normalization. Finally, matching and statistical analysis
will be performed to test how well pupil dilation and
constriction can be identified against a database of pre-

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registered pupil patterns. In any case that the driver was Below are the sample images that has bee tested came
detected to be positive in alcohol consumption, a bypass from CASIA.
code will follow.
Primarily, CCD camera will be initializing as the TABLE I. PRE-TEST DATA FOR SECOND HYPOTHESIS
picture grabber, and a designed GUI will likewise open.
After initializing the needed tools and software make sure
that the camera is in the maximum level to ensure that the
driver will not feel any difficulty in scanning his/her eyes.
Make sure that all wirings were properly intact to avoid
unnecessary connections.
When all the connections are ready, and the level of
the scanner is at maximum level, the driver is now ready
for capturing his/her eyes.

B. Data Gathering Procedure and Instruments Used TABLE II. PRE-TEST DATA FOR SECOND HYPOTHESIS

Figure 5. MATLAB Algorithm Output

The testing was initiated to all drivers who were under

the influence of alcohol that can be recognized by the Iris’
diameter. But it is not limited to them because it can also
be used by the drivers that are in normal conditions to
prove that the design is working.
The study develops a Graphical User Interface (GUI)
for capturing image used for the recognition process. The
GUI has a button for owner’s login to start the system,
and for the processing, it has recognition process button
for the captured iris image and a bypass button for the
face recognition once the iris image failed.
The proposed system composed of CCD camera, a
circuit for infrared light, and IR to scan the iris. It was
placed on the top of the front head of the car owner.
Another tool is a laptop with MATLAB software that
being used to process the image. The system also used a
microcontroller for the manipulation of the car/vehicle.

V. DATA RESULTS Figure 6. Data for First Hypothesis from CASIA

Several testing was employed to evaluate the Based on the treatment conducted to test the reliability
performance of the proposed study and to see if there is a of the study, the table below shows the difference in the
difference from other published Iris Recognition System. pupil size before and after consumption of alcohol.

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 To identify the difference in the size of the pupil
before and after consumption of alcohol a simple
computation was designed.
TABLE III. PRE AND POST-TEST WITH CORRESPONDING
RESULT DATA FOR SECOND HYPOTHESIS
A. Summary of findings
For the testing, application, easiness to use, and
hardware and software of the system that presently
support the study, alcohol detection through iris has the
potential for widespread use. From the test of the device,
it is examined and performs as a whole the capability of
iris recognition system, the system is evaluated for the
effectiveness and consider the consistency of the design.
There are certain factors to consider and analyze from the
evaluation of the effectiveness of the device, first is the
distance of the device from the iris of the user. Distance is
one of the factors to be considered in capturing the image
since the device used infrared light which is harmful when
it has direct contact with the user‘s eye. It can also
produce noise free conditions of the images and less
reflection.
The second factor is the illumination of the
environment. Illumination for the eyes of the users is
needed because the patterns of the iris are not visible
without the use of infrared light that is located on the
camera. With the use of IR, the camera will eliminate the
reflection and noises of the images. It will lead to more
detailed iris image for easier processing and better results.
The positioning of the eyes for image capturing is
considered as one of the main factors. The position of the
iris is probably concerned with the plotting of the entire
iris image in the field of view of the camera for a better
position. The system requires the user to position his/her
eye region in front of the camera device. The system will
show to the user the capturing of the image and the
position of the eye to adjust accordingly.
VI. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
The iris recognition confirmed to be a very
functional system for drunk drivers and reliable security
measure. It is an easy and precise way to identify an
individual that there is no possible way for human error.
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In the transportation industry, iris recognition is
extensively used. It also has many applications for
security and safety purposes in other fields. The use of iris
recognition has been successful without any exception,
and the system proves that iris recognition is widely used
for security and safety measure soon.
For further improvement, the paper recommends using
a camera that can capture automatically once the eye of
the driver is sense by the device. The study also suggests
using higher resolution camera for more great images
with less noise and no reflection. Since the device that
being used for MATLAB program is a laptop which is not
applicable in the car, the study suggests using a touch
screen devices that is Microsoft base. The improvement
regarding the system speed can also be made. The system
can be implemented in C or C++ for fast processing. In
developing this system, the speed is not one of the
objectives, but for the real-time recognition, it would have
to be considered.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The study is dedicated to our families who supported
us financially to finish the task. Then next to God, who
provide us with confidence and wisdom to complete the
assigned task wholeheartedly.
We would also like to thank the Electronics
Engineering Department and the College of Engineering
and Architecture of the Technological Institute of the
Philippines-Manila who has pushed as and continually
encouraged us to finish this study. To PCIEERD for the
financial support and Dr. Marianne Jeannette Laxa, for
editing the paper.
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