ALE: Mixed Terminologies 1.

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1. annalemma The figure 8 curve that represents the angular 14. Solar The amount of solar energy that falls in our
offset of the sun from its mean position at as constant unit time on her unit area that is 93,000,000
viewed from the earth miles from the sun and orientated on a plane
perpendicular to the suns rays. The mean
2. Balance The outdoor temperature at which a building
value of the solar constant is 433 btu/hr-ft
Point makes the transition from a heating to a
Temperature cooling need 15. Solar heat The ratio of the solar heat gain thru a
gain fenestration to the total solar radiation
3. Daylight The percentage of an area that meets a
coefficient incident on the glazing.
autonomy minimum daylight illuminance level or
specified fraction of the operating hours per 16. Solar time The time as defined by the sun and it's
year. also referred to as special daylight position relative to the earth. Because the
autonomy length of the solar day varies most reference
the mean solar day as a basis for
4. Daylight The ratio expressed as a percentage othe
timekeeping.
factor indoor aluminates at a point on a horizontal
surface to the unobstructed Exterior horizontal 17. Solar savings The fraction of the total energy used by
illuminance fraction system that is provided by solar technology.
Represented by the variable F, it is a decimal
5. Effective The product of visible transmittance and the
fraction from 0 to 1
aperature window to wall ratio
18. Visible light The fraction of visible light that passes
6. Equation of The factor used to account for the difference
transmittance through a glazing material
time between solar time and clock time. Solar time
is based on the position of the sun. It's basic 19. Window to The ratio of the net glazing area in your room
unit is the solar day wall ratio or space to the gross exterior wall area
7. Glazing A LEED based number calculated by taking 20. Work plane This assumed height at which work is
factor into account window area, floor area, a performed usually considered to be at a
window geometry factor, light transmission, desk height, 30 inches above the floor
and a window height factor.
21. Co product A marketable byproduct from a process.
8. Ground light Visible light from the sun and sky, reflected by Materials traditionally considered to be waist
exterior surfaces below the plane of the but they can be repurposed as raw materials
horizon and a different manufacturing process.
9. Light shelf A horizontal element position above eye level 22. Demand A system designed to adjust the amount of
and designed to reflect daylight on the ceiling control ventilation air provided to a space based on
for improved daylighting effectiveness ventilation the extent of occupancy. The system
normally uses some type of sensors
10. Net The requirement that a utility pay and charge
metering equal rates regardless of which way electricity 23. Detention The temporary storage of storm run off and
flows as a part of the utility Grid. the detention facility to control Pete's
discharge rates and provides gravity settling
11. Radiation The entire range of electromagnetic radiation
of pollutants. Provides a gradual release of
spectrum extending from 0 hz to 1023 hz. This includes
stored water at a controlled rate
visible light as well as infrared radiation, radio
waves, and gamma rays among others 24. Drainage The legal rights granted by a land owner to
easement a grantee, commonly a governmental entity,
12. Radiative Passive or active design strategy that uses
allowing the use of private land for
cooling thermal mass to collect and store heat during
Stormwater management
the day for release at night. Also known as
nocturnal cooling and night cooled mass 25. Embodied The total energy required to extract produce
energy fabricate and deliver material to a job site
13. Shading The ratio of the solar heat gain thru a glazing
including the collection of raw materials, the
coefficient product to the solar heat gain through an
energy used to achieve extract and process
untreated 1/8 in clear double strength glass
the wrong materials, transportation from the
under the same set of conditions. This is the
original site to the processing plant, that
value for the glass only, does not include the
energy required to turn the wrong materials
frame
into a finish product, and energy required to
transport the material to the job site
26. Fee in Lieu Payment of money by developer in place of 42. Rainwater System composed of water collection,
meeting all or part of stormwater collection storage cistern, and a water distribution
performance standards system system
27. Hydraulic soil Soil, classification for run off potential A 43. Catchment The area of the roof or other surface that is
group classification of soil based on their potential area measured in terms of its footprint as
for a run off with the really wet. projected on the horizontal plane
28. Infiltration The process of percolating stormwater into 44. Alternative Sources that are renewable such as solar
the subsoil energy and wind power
sources
29. Post Referring to a material or product that has
consumer served its intended use it has been diverted 45. Energy The reduction of the energy that must be
recovered from Waze destined for disposal, efficiency consumed in providing various services and
having completed its life as a consumer item functions, particularly compared to the
standard baselines
30. Postindustrial Referring to materials generated in
manufacturing processes, such as trimmings 46. Life cycle A method of evaluating the environmental
or scrap, that have been recovered from assessment impact of using a particular material a
solid waste product in a building
31. Recovered Waste or buy products that have been 47. 4 phases of an 1 define the goals and scope of the study.
materials recovered from solid waste disposal. This LCA 2 perform an inventory analysis.
term does not apply to materials that are 3 perform an impact assessment.
generated or reused within an original 4 perform an improvement analysis and
manufacturing process report the results of the study
32. Renewable A product that can be grown or naturally 48. Product Main stages of a product
product replenished at a rate that exceeds human lifecycle 1 raw material acquisition
depletion of the resource 2 manufacturing
3 use and maintenance
33. Sustainability The condition of being able to meet the
4 disposal
needs of the present generation without
compromising the needs of future 49. Acidification The generation of waste materials that can
generations lower the pH of surrounding waterways or
soil
34. Watercourses Any body of water such as the lake pond
river or stream 50. Eutrophication The formation of excessive nutrients in a
body of water that promotes increased
35. Waterway A channel that directs surface runoff to a
algae growth
watercourse or a public storm drain
51. Environmental Standardized report of a products
36. Potable Water that has been treated to make it
product environmental impact throughout its
water suitable for drinking
declaration lifecycle
37. Rainwater Natural precipitation that falls on the site
52. Sheet flow Water that drains across a sloping surface
38. Graywater Waste water that is not from toilets and
53. Equidistant Plots the path of the sun at various times of
urinals but rather from sinks showers
horizontal the year on a circular chart
bathtubs and clothes washing machines
projection
39. Blackwater Water containing toilet or urinal waste
54. Passive solar Collects, stores, and distributes solar
40. Storm water The use of structural or nonstructural energy energy without the use of mechanical
management practices designed to reduce stormwater system equipmentdirect
runoff pollutant loads, discharge volumes,
55. Direct gain Collect heat through south facing glass and
and peak flow discharge rates
systems then store heat and high mass materials
41. Pervious A material that can withstand vehicular and
56. Indirect gain Collect heat using a thermal mass. The
paving pedestrian traffic, but will allow water to
systems mass is he did during the day by room
pass through and seat into the ground below
temperature and reflected sunlight
57. Active solar Used pumps fans ducts, pipes and other 72. Fire area The area and closed and bounded by
energy mechanical equipment to collect store and firewalls, fire barriers, exterior walls, or
systems distribute solar energy horizontal assemblies of a building
58. Fire The length of time that the construction 73. Fire barrier A resistance rated vertical or horizontal
resistance material or somebody can withstand a assembly of materials designed to restrict
rating standardized fire resistance test the spread of fire, and which openings are
protected
59. Fire damper UL listed device installed in ducts and Aire
transfer openings that is designed to close on 74. Fire door Any combination of a fire door, frame,
The detection of heat to resist the passage of assembly hard work, and other accessories that
flame provides a degree of fire protection to an
opening
60. Smoke A UL listed device installed in ducts and Aire
damper transfer openings that is designed to resist the 75. Fire exit Panic hardware that is listed for use on fire
passage of smoke hardware door assembly
61. Fire wall assembly with a one hour fire resistance 76. Fire partition A fire resistive component used to
partition rating separate specific construction types or as
a corridor wall
62. Area of An area where people unable to use stairways
refuge can remain temporarily while waiting for 77. Fire protection The period of time for which an opening
assistance rating assembly maintains that ability to confine
a fire or maintains its integrity
63. Automatic The door that is normally held in the open
closing door position, it is released to close on activation of 78. Fire resistance The property of a material or somebody
smoke detector / fire alarm system, must be to withstand or is this the spread of fire or
self-closing give protection from it
64. Combustible Material that will ignite and burn, as a flame 79. Occupant load The number of people for which the
material or glow, and that undergoes this process in air means of egress of a building or part of
pressures and temperatures that might occur the building is designed
during a fire
80. Noncombustible Materials that will not ignite and burn
65. Common The portion of exit access travel distance material when subjected to a fire
path of measured from the most remote point within a
81. British Thermal The amount of heat required to raise the
egress floor to the point where the occupants have
Unit (BTU) temp of 1 lbm water by 1degree F
travel separate access to 2 exits or exit access
doorway 82. conductance (C) the number of BTU per hour that pass thru
1 sqft of homegenious material of a given
66. Corridor A enclosed exit access component that
thickness when the tempaerature differntial
defines and provides a path of egress travel to
is 1degree F
an exit
83. dew point the temp at which water vapor in the air
67. Exit access A door or access point along the path of
becomes saturated and begins to
doorway egress travel from an occupied area to the
condence into drops of water
path of egress
84. dry-bulb the temp of the air-water mixture as
68. Exit court A court or yard that provides access to a
temperature measured with a standard dry-bulb into
public way for one or more required exits
drops of water
69. Exit A fully enclosed portion of an exit that is only
85. enthalphy the total heat in a substance, including
enclosure used as a means of egress and provides a
latent heat and sensible heat
protected path of egress in a vertical or
horizontal direction 86. latent heat heat that cause a change of state of a
substance, such as the heat required to
70. Fire An assembly of a fire door , window, damper
change water into steam. the amount of
assembly including all required Anchorage, frames, sills
heat required to change the state of a
and hardware
substance is much greater than the heat
71. Exit A horizontal fully enclosed portion of an exit required to raise the temperature of the
passageway that is only used as a means of egress substance (sensible heat). Average temp is
(per pound of moisture) 1061 BTU
87. resistance the number of hours needed for 1 btu to pass 99. infiltration is the transfer of air into & out of a building
(R) thru 1sqft of material or assembly of a given thru open doors, cracks around windows,
thickness when the temperature is differntial is other openings, flues, vents, misc gaps in
1degree F construction
R=1/C
100. design takes into account air temp differences,
88. sensible heat that cause a change in temp of a equivalent effects of the sun, thermal mass storage,
heat substance but not a change of state. temperature colors, finishes, and dialy temp range
difference
89. specific the number of BTUs required to raise the
(DETD)
heat tmeperature of a specific material by 1degree
F. A measure of a materials capacity to store 101. design takes into accountvariables that effect how
heat as compared with the storage capacity of cooling load solar heat gain occurs, including type of
water factor glazing, type of shading, and outdoor design
(DCLF) temperature
90. wet-bulb the temperature of the air as measured with a
temperature sling pyshrometer. (critical in high heat 102. exit access the distance an occupant would have to
humidity because of indication of physical travel travel to get from the most remote point in
stress of the human body near the upper limits distance the occupied portion of the exit access area
of temperature regulation by perspiration.)
103. floor area the ratios of the gross floor arear within a
91. human based on quality of environmental factors: ratio structure to the area of the lot on which the
comfort temperature structure is situated
humidity
104. bulk plane a zoning technique that establishes an
air movement
restriction imaginary inclined plane beginning at the lot
radiation from surrounding surfaces
line or the center of the street at a given
air quality
elevation and slopes at a prescribed angle
sound
toward and over the lot
vibration
light 105. Variance permission to deviate from the zoning
regulations
92. radiation the transfer of heat energy through
electromagentic waves from one surface to a 106. condionation allows a non-conforming use if the property
colder surface use permit meets certain conditions

93. convection transfer of heat through the movement of a 107. accessible a continuous unobstructed path that
gas or liquid route connects all accessible elements and spaces
in a building or facility max slope 1:20
94. conduction transfer of heat energy through direct contact
between two objects of different temperatures 108. site arrival must be connected to the an accessible route
point to the building entrance or entrances served
95. thermal relationship of these factors:
(Can be parking, loading zones, sidewalks,
comfort air temp
public transportation stop, connections to
humidity
other buildings)
air movement
surface temp 109. American 1990, Four Title civil rights law Title III: Public
clothing Disabilites Accomodations and Commercial Facilities
ventilation Act (ADA) (not a national building code so not liable to
law inspections, but rather needs to comply to
96. building building's roof, walls, doors, windows, and
avoid civil suits)
envelope foundations
110. wheel chair 30" x 48"
97. thermal rate at which heat passes thru 1 sqft of 1 in of
clearance;
conductivity material when the differential is 1degree F
stationary
(k)
foot print
98. overall sum of all conductances within an assembly
coefficient U Value
of heat U=1/(SumR)
transmission
(U)
111. wheel chair 60" diameter circle 130. medium a panel produced from wood particles and
clearance; densisty combined with resin and bonded under heat
maneuverability fiberboard and pressure
180degree turn
131. hardboard a panel product composed of inter felt fibers
112. wheel chair 36" continuous / 32" passage point consolodated under heat and pressure
clearance; (max 24" long)
132. blocking wood framing installed between main structural
accessible route
member to provide additional support or
113. wheel chair 48" high / 15" low rigidity
clearance; forward
133. bridging bracing between joist that prevents the joist
reach
from buckling under load.
114. american lumber determines the grading of lumber for
134. firestops barriers installed in concealed spaces to
standards structural and rough carpentry
prevent the spread of fire caused by drafts
committee
135. plywood wood I beams
115. yard lumber lumber used for structural purposes
web joists
116. factory lumber used for making doors, frames,
136. laminated glued thin veneers of lumber creating a built up
windows and finish items (shop
veneer strong rigid framing member
lumber)
lumber
117. board yard lumber that is less than 2" thick,
137. wood factory made assembly consisting of small
more than 2" wide
trusses wood members and held together with plate
118. dimension yard lumber that is 2"-5" thick, 4"-12" connectors
wide
138. structural composite building unit consisting of two outer
119. timber yard lumber that is more than 5" thick, insulated skins (typically OSB) bonded to an inner core of
more than 5" wide panels rigid insulating material (typically expanded
polystyrene) strength in compression, bending,
120. board foot measurement of lumber that equals
sheer, and uplift
12" wide x 12" long x 1" thick
139. wood a solid or laminated timber that spans beams;
121. moisture content the weight of water in wood as a
decking have tongue and groove edges so that the
fraction of the weight of oven dry
pieces interlock
wood
140. glu-lam built up from a number of pieces of lumber
122. fiber satuation point 30% moisture in wood; less than this
glued together
the wood will shrink
141. creosote wood preservative made from coal tar; used in
123. dry lumber moisture content of wood is less than
marine applications, not suitable for buildings
19% (15% ofr kiln dry)
142. water house wrap or type or air barrier
124. platform framing uses studs to separate the floors;
resistant
floor of one floor sits on top of the
barrier
walls of the floor below
143. rough structural framing, sheathing, blocking, and misc
125. balloon framing uses continuous wall framing and
carpentry pieces of wood needed to complete the project
floors are hung from walls using
hangersk 144. finish the exposed finished pieces of
carpentry lumbernecesssary to to complete the project;
126. plywood sheets of thin veneer glued together
opening trim, base, wood paneling, cabinets,
to form a rigid panel; sheets made in
and shelving
standrard 4' x 8' dimensions
145. wood the fibrous substance forming the trunk stems
127. sheathing thin panel material attached framing
and branches of the tree
to provide lateral stability
146. lumber the product of sawing, planning, and preparing
128. particleboard composed of small wood particles,
the wood to be used in construction members
fibers, or chips of various sizes
147. timber lumber with a sectional dimension of at least 5
129. oriented strand an engineered panel product
inches
board manufactured from precision cut
wood strands
148. softwood comes from conifer trees, used for structural 164. veneer classification of stone that composed of ¾" to
and rough carpentry for greated availability stone 1-1/4" sheets applied over a structural support
and lower cost system
149. hardwood comes from dedicuous treets, can be 165. wrought iron with very low carbon content and a
utilized in both finish and rough carpentry iron substatial amount of slag; soft ductile and
resistant to corrosion
150. defects knots (branch embeeded in the wood),
check (separation of wood fibers), pitch 166. cast iron iron with a carbon content above 2%; very
pockets (opening in the wood grain that hard but brittle
contains resin), shake (lengthwise split), split
167. steel most widely used metals; high strength,
(separates entire length of wood), wane
ductility, uniformity, variety of shapes and
(presence of bark)
sizes, ease and speed of erection
151. warping manufacturing defect; variation from a true
168. used for ...
plane; bow, crook or cup
structural
152. mortar mixture of cement, lime, sand, and water, applications
typically Portland cement
169. bonderize coat the steel (or metal) with an anticorrisive
153. masonry a prepared mixture of Portland cement and phosphat solution in prep of the application of
limestone pulverized limestone paint enamel or lacquer
154. Type N type of mortar used for exterior 170. annealing a process of heating the the metal and then
applications, above grade walls exposed to slowly cooling it; relieve stresses in the metal,
sever weather, als oused ofro soft stone can alter ductility strength ad other
masonry mechanical properties
155. Type S type of mortar used at grade applications 171. stainless steel alloy contianing 11% of chromium
or below grade applications steel
156. Type M type of mortar with the highest 172. aluminum abundant element; primary source is bauxite,
compressions strength which is hydrated oxide of aluminum with
small amounts of silicon
157. Type O type of mortar generally limited to the
interior non load bearing walls, 173. smelting the process of refining the ores to extract the
tuckpointing, and historic structures pure metal
158. brick solid masonry unit made from burned clay, 174. fabrication the process of forming and shaping refined
shale, or a micture of these materials metal in the desired condition (casting, rolling,
extruding, and drawing)
159. efflorescence a white deposit of water solubal salts on the
surface of brick caused by water seeping 175. William Le desigined the first skyscraper; Home Insurance
into brick and dissolving soluble salts which Baron building, Chicago 1885
are brought to the surface and appear as Jenney
the water evaporates
176. Mies Van one of the first architects to make the material
160. equivalent what the solid thickness of a concrete block Der Rohe and its structural purpose apart of the form of
thickness would be if the concrete did not contain a the building
hollow unit. This value determines fire rating
177. mechanical finish that will alter the surface of the metal in
of the block
finishes some way
161. structural tile made burned clay formed into hollow
178. chemical finish that alters the surface of the metal with
clay tile units with parallel cells; load & non-load
finish some type of chemical process
bearing / can have glazed finish
179. coating finish that consist so applying material that
162. terra cotta tile that is high fired clay unit used for
may be protection of the metal or is purely
cladding and decorative purposes (ceramic
decorative
veneer)
180. welding joining of two metals by heating them above
163. glass block block that can be solid or hollow and made
their melting point, when they cool, the metals
out of glass, max size 144 Sf to 250 Sf /
form one piece of metal
must be laid in a stack bond / cannot be
load bearing
181. brazing joining of two metals at an intermediate 197. applied to metal ...
temperature using ferrous filler metal with a lathes (1st
melting point that is above 800degree F but scratch coat, 2nd
lower than welding. brown coat, 3rd
finish coat )
182. soldering joining of two metals using lead based or tin
based alloy solder filler metal that melts 198. gypsum wall wall construction material made from
below 500 degree F board gypsum plaster core sandwiched bt
sheets of paper; low cost, quick & easy
183. galvanic the corrosion action that results when
installation, fire resistance, sound
action dissimilar metals come in contact with each
control, available, versitile
other in the presence of an electrolyte such as
moisture 199. framing metal (commercial) or wood (residential)
vertical construction.
184. ferrous metals that contain iron
metals 200. ceramic tile ...
185. nonferrous metals that do not contain iron 201. quarry tile ...
metals
202. terrazzo flooring made from composite material
186. copper metal that is resistant to corrosion, (small chips of stone set in matrix that is
workability, and high electrical conductivity either cementious or chemical); water
resistance, durable, fire resistance
187. zinc metal resistant to corrosion. Used to coating
steel to produce galvanized steel 203. stone tile ...
188. wide steel member shaped like "H" / used for 204. acoustical ceiling thin panels made from fiber set in a
flanged beams and columns (flanges are wider and tiles metal framed support grid suspended
typically more suited for columns by wires from the structure above (grids
are tegular, T, or concealed)
189. I Beam steel members shaped like "I" (flanges not as
wide, with slope) 205. strip wood wood flooring; put together with tongue
& groove edges; used for its
190. open web steels joists that are standardized shop
appearance, warmth, durability, and
joists fabricated trusses with webs composed of
resilency
linear members and chords of back-to-back
steel angles (K, LH, DLH) 206. engineering wood flooring; made from layers of
veneer, dimensionally stable, can be
191. metal steel panels maid of beams or joist to serve
glued directly to substrates, quicker
decking as frame work for poured concrete slabs
install
192. light gage steel (10 ga to 25 ga) used for interior
207. vinyl flooring made from PVC, comes in tiles
framing partitions, exterior walls, joist, rafters, etc
or as sheets
better suited for lighter loads and easier
handling, does not shrink or decay 208. resilient generic term to describe flooring made
from compositional materials; resin
193. metal assemblies made entirely of steel/metal
fibers, plasticizers, and fillers. applied to
fabrications (stairs, expansion joints, gratings, ladders)
smooth subflooring
194. perforated sheet metal that has been punched with a
209. rubber flooring made from synthetic rubber; has
metal regular pattern of holes
excellent resistance to deformation,
195. architectural specialty metal created by weaving thin strips quiet, comfortable (can be hard to clean)
mesh of metal or heavy wire and then grinding off a
210. linoleum sheet flooring with good abrasion and
portion of one face to reveal a highly textured
grease resistance, made from natural
but relatively flat surface. most often used for
renewable products
elevator cab interiors but can be used for
other applications like walls panels & door 211. cork flooring that has high acoustical control
facings and high resilience
196. plaster wall finish made from cementing compounds 212. static free flooring capable of conducting
(gypsum & lime) fine aggregrates (sand electrostatic discharge to ground
vermiculite & perlite) and water
213. carpet flooring that is versitile, easy to install, quiet, low maintenence (wool, nylon, acrylic, or polypropylene)
214. painting thin coating applied to walls to protect and decorate the surface (water based, epoxy, polyurethane, solvent based)
comes in various glosses (semi, satin, flat, high)
215. lead problematic for locations with older people or young children, can be ingested when paint flakes off (bad must be
based abated)
216. VOC hydrocarbon solvents used in paints stains and other products that are released in the air during application of product;
form ozone (volatile organic compounds)