Introduction to Exercise Science

KNES 297: Foundations of Exercise Science

Guided Notes

A. Exercise Science Definition

1. “Exercise science is an _____umbrella______ term used to describe the study of
numerous aspects of _____physical activity______, ______exercise____,
__sport_______, and _____athletic performance___________ that have the common
characteristic of movement and the adaptation that occur as a result of ______physical
activity__________ and regular ___exercise________.” -Jeffrey A. Potteiger
B. The Roots of Exercise Science
1. Early History: Ancient Greeks & Romans (__~450___ BC)
a. Galen aka the _______gladiators physician__________
b.Hippocrates
i. Published ___2 books____________ about taking charge of your own
health
ii. You might know Hippocrates from the Hippocratic ___oath___ - the idea
that physicians should “__do no harm and act with your health as their
primary goal_________”
c. In general, ancients taught that it was an individual’s
___responsibility_________ to maintain health
2. The Renaissance (__1300___ - __1600___) and the Enlightenment (_1700____)
a.Increased interest in __human anatomy and physical activity_________
b.Key foundational scientific findings
i. William Harvey discovered how __blood____ flows through ___blood
vessels___
ii. Sir John Floyer documented __HR____ changing due to
____motion____
iii. James Keill described __features of___skeletal muscle_________
iv. Antoine Lavoisier & Pierre de LaPlace suggest that the body needs
___oxygen___ and that it needs more ___oxygen_____ if you are being
active/doing work.
3. The 1800’s
a.“Physical Education” and Medicine
i. ___doctors___ used to be physical educators
ii. Focused very much on maintaining _health________
b. ___sport______ & __athletics______ become more popular
c. ____SHAPE______ held it’s first meeting in 1885
d.First research on ___diet__ & exercise and how they alter __________
e. Increased ______industrialization____ leads to increased ___sedentary_______
behavior
4. The Early 1900’s
a.Medicine shifts from ____prevention_____ to ____reaction_______ due to
scientific advances
b. This leads to a change in physical education which is now more focused on
_____through the physical____________.
 i. Fun fact: ____ of all US men drafted for WWI were deemed physically
unfit.
c. Quality of PE to general population ___decreased_______.
d.Dudley Allen Sargent, MD- the first ____personal trainer__________.
e. The Harvard Fatigue Lab: first laboratory dedicated to ___human____
physiology
5. The Late 1900’s (post WWII)
a.US Children are less fit than ___European________ according to the ___Krauss-
Weber_______________ fitness test
b. ____American College of Sports Medicine______ (ACSM) is founded in 1954
c. _____National Athletic Trainers Association_______ (NATA) is founded in
1950
d.___National Strength & Conditioning Association________ (NSCA) is founded
in 1978
e. Increasingly __specificity________ and ___systematic________ approach to
athletics (example: nowadays it would be rare to train __female marathon
runner______ and ___male power lifter_____ athletes together)
C. The Exercise Science Umbrella: list all the “subdisciplines” (this is what we will cover in Module
1!)
1. Exercise Physiology
2. Clinical Exercise Physiology
3. Biomechanics
4. Nutrition
5. Psychology
6. Athletic Training and Sports Medicine
7. Motor Behavior
D. Kinesiology Definition:
1. “ Kinesiology is generally used to reflect a more __broadly defined_______ study of
movement, including the components of __exercise science___ and the additional areas
of __Physical education__________, ___Sport history___________, ____sport
sociology_______, and ____exercise science________.” -Jeffrey A. Potteiger
2. May also include _____________
3. Exercise Science is ___________ the kinesiology umbrella
E. TU Programs (list program heads):
1. Athletic Training: Dr. Emily Hildebrand
2. Exercise Science: Dr. Nicolas Knuth
3. Physical Education: Dr. Rachel Riedel-Prabhakar
4. Sport Management: Dr. Jake Bustad
F. KEY TERMS in EXERCISE SCIENCE
Physical actvity:
• More general
• Just “happens”
• ADL
• Low intensity

Exercise:
• Planned/Intentional
• Repetitive
• Higher Intensity
• Goal has to do w/ fitness&health

Sport:
• Team oriented
• Goal to win
• Structured/organized
• Skill specific
• Big time commitment

1. “Types” of Movement (this will be done in our LIVE BCU session!)

a.What do all 3 of these have in common?
i. some type of movement
ii. requires energy/effort
iii. improves health/fitness
b.What type of careers do you associate with physical activity?_physical and
occupational therapy_______
c. What type of careers do you associate with exercise? ___Personal trainer_______
d.What type of careers do you associate with sport/athletics? __Coaches/sport
performance trainers/athletes_________

2. “Types” of People (indicate if they are usually “healthy” or “unhealthy” and provide a
definition)
a. Clinical: Someone w/ some type of medical diagnosis/disorder (usually
unhealthy)
b. Sedentary: People w/ minimal physical activity throughout the day (usually
unhealthy)
c. Active: Someone who meets minimum physical activity guidelines (usually
healthy)
d. Trained: Someone who focuses on moderate amounts of physical activity, not
looking to be competitive (usually healthy)
e. Elite: Extreme activity, typically a professional athlete (usually healthy)