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Many-Conductor Case, cont’d
0 R1 R2 Rn
1 i1 ln ' i2 ln ⋯ in ln
2 r1 d12 d1n
0 1 1 1
1 i1 ln ' i2 ln ⋯ in ln
2 r1 d12 d1n
0
i1 ln R1 i2 ln R2 ⋯ in ln Rn
2
As R1 goes to infinity R1 R2 Rn so the second
0 n
term from above can be written = i j ln R1
2 j 1
2
Many-Conductor Case, cont’d
n
Therefore if i j 0, which is true in a balanced
j 1
three phase system, then the second term is zero and
0 1 1 1
1 i1 ln ' i2 ln ⋯ in ln
2 r1 d12 d1n
1 L11i1 L12i2 ⋯ L1nin
System has self and mutual inductance. However
the mutual inductance can be canceled for
balanced 3 systems with symmetry.
3
Symmetric Line Spacing – 69 kV
4
Birds Do Not Sit on the Conductors
5
Line Inductance Example
0 1 1 1
a ia ln( ) ib ln( ) ic ln( )
2 r' D D
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Line Inductance Example, cont’d
Substituting
ia ib ic
Hence
0 1 1
a ia ln ia ln
2 r ' D
0 D
ia ln
2 r '
0 D 4 107 5
La ln ln 3
2 r ' 2 9.67 10
1.25 106 H/m
7
Conductor Bundling
8
Bundled Conductor Pictures
12
Inductance of Bundle
13
Inductance of Bundle, cont’d
14
Bundle Inductance Example
Therefore in
general Dab
Dac Dbc
Unless something
was done this would
Typical Transmission Tower result in unbalanced
Configuration phases
16
Transposition
17
Line Transposition Example
18
Line Transposition Example
19
Transposition Impact on Flux Linkages
1 0 1 1 1 “a” phase in
I a ln I b ln I c ln
3 2 r' d13 d 23 position “3”
1 0 1 1 1 “a” phase in
3 2 I a ln r ' I b ln d I c ln d position “2”
23 12
20
Transposition Impact, cont’d
Recognizing that
1 1
(ln a ln b ln c) ln(abc) 3
3
We can simplify so
I ln 1 I ln 1
a r' b 1
0 d12 d13d 23 3
a
2 1
I c ln 1
d12 d13d 23 3
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Inductance of Transposed Line
22
Inductance with Bundling
25
Line Conductors, cont’d
26
Line Resistance
Line resistance per unit length is given by
R = where is the resistivity
A
Resistivity of Copper = 1.68 10-8 Ω-m
Resistivity of Aluminum = 2.65 10-8 Ω-m
Example: What is the resistance in Ω / mile of a
1" diameter solid aluminum wire (at dc)?
2.65 10-8 Ω-m m
R 1609 0.084
0.0127m 2
mile mile
27
Line Resistance, cont’d
28
Review of Electric Fields