NPTEL MOOC on “Principles of Modern CDMA/ MIMO/ OFDM Wireless Communications”

[NOC15 EC05]

Aditya Jagannatham
Associate Professor
Dept. of Electrical Engineering
IIT Kanpur
adityaj@iitk.ac.in

ASSIGNMENT -1

1. Which of the following generations does GSM belong to

a) 2G
b) 2.5 G
c) 3G
d) 4G
Ans a)
2. The acronym GPRS stands for
a) Global Position Radio System
b) Global Packet Radio System
c) General Packet Radio Service
d) General Position Radio Service
Ans c)
3. The approximate data rate of 2G Wireless systems is in the range
a) 1-10 Mbps
b) 10-200 Kbps
c) 10-100 Mbps
d) > 1 Gbps
Ans b)
4. Which of the following is a 3G Wireless Standard
a) GPRS
b) EDGE
c) LTE
d) WCDMA
Ans d)
5. The acronym HSDPA stands for
a) High System Data Position Access
b) High Speed Downlink Packet Access
c) High System Downlink Position Allocation
d) High Speed Deployment System Allocation
Ans b)
6. The approximate data rate of 3G wireless systems is
a) 10-100 Kbps
b) 30-300 Kbps
c) 300Kbps – 30 Mbps
d) 50 – 500 Mbps
Ans c)
7. Which of the following is a 4G Wireless standard
a) LTE
b) HSDPA
c) 1xEVDO
 d) EDGE
Ans a)
8. What does the acronym LTE stand for
a) Lead Technology Example
b) Lead Technology Evolution
c) Long Term Evolution
d) Long Technology Evolution
Ans c)
9. The approximate data rate of 4G Wireless systems is
a) 100 Kbps
b) 1 Mbps
c) 10 Mbps
d) 200 Mbps
Ans d)
10. Which of the following applications is possible in 2G Wireless Systems
a. Voice
b. Video calling
c. Online Gaming
d. HDTV
Ans a)
11. Which is a defining characteristic of the wireless channel
a. Single Path Propagation
b. Double Path Propagation
c. Multipath Propagation
d. Differential Propagation
Ans c)
12. The different multipath components are characterized by different
a. Attenuations
b. Delays
c. Both of the above
d. None of the above
Ans c)
13. Consider a simple multipath propagation scenario with a_0 = a_1 = 0.5. Let the delays \tau_0 = 1/4f_c and \tau_1 =
1/2f_c. The net amplitude of the channel coefficient h is
a. \sqrt{2}
b. 1
c. 2
d. 1/\sqrt{2}
Ans d)
14. Consider a simple multipath propagation scenario with a_0 = a_1 = 0.5. Let the delays \tau_0 = 1/4f_c and \tau_1 =
1/2f_c. The net phase of the channel coefficient h is
a. pi
b. 3 pi/4
c. -3 pi/4
d. –pi/2
Ans c)
15. The process by which the channel coefficient is constantly changing is termed as
a. Variation
b. Fading
c. Modulation
d. Signal
Ans b)
16. The probability density function of a Gaussian random variable with mean \mu and variance \sigma^2 is given as
a. 1/\sqrt{2\pi \sigma^2} exp(-(x-\mu)^2/2\sigma^2)
b. 1/\sqrt{2\pi \sigma^2} exp(-(x-\mu)/2\sigma^2)
c. 1/\sqrt{2\pi \sigma^2} exp(-|x-\mu|/2\sigma^2)
d. 1/\sqrt{2\pi \sigma} exp(-(x-\mu)^2/2\sigma)
Ans a)
17. The distribution of the amplitude a of the fading channel coefficient is
a. e^{-a}
b. e^{-|a|}
c. 2ae^{-a^2}
d. a^2e^{-a^2}
Ans c)
18. The distribution of amplitude of the fading channel coefficient is
a. Gaussian
b. Exponential
c. Uniform
d. Rayleigh
Ans d)
19. The probability that the attenuation of the channel is worse than 30 dB is
a. 1-e^{-0.01}
b. 1-e^{-0.001}
c. 1-e^{-0.1}
d. 1-e^{-1}
Ans b
20. The standard wireline channel is modeled as
a. Rayleigh Fading
b. Rician Fading
c. AWGN
d. Uniformly Random
Ans c)

21. The acronym AWGN denotes

a. Asynchronous White Gamma Noise
b. Asynchronous White Gaussian Noise
c. Additive White Gaussian Noise
d. Additive White Gamma Noise
Ans c)
22. The BER of a wireline channel as a function of SNR is given as
a. 1/SNR
b. 1/SNR^2
c. log(1+SNR)
d. Q(\sqrt{SNR})
Ans d)
23. A reasonable approximation for the BER of a wireline communication system is
a. ½ X e^{-1/2 X SNR}
b. ½ X e^{-1/2 X SNR^2}
c. ½ X e^{-1/2 X 1/SNR}
d. 1/(2SNR)
Ans a)
24. What is the approximate BER of an AWGN channel at SNR = 15 dB
a. 6.8 X 10-2
b. 6.8 X 10-4
 c. 6.8 X 10-8
d. 6.8 X 10-1
Ans c)
25. What is the approximate dB SNR required to achieve BER of 10^-7 in an AWGN channel
a. 10.11 dB
b. 14.89 dB
c. 17.81 dB
d. 20. 33 dB
 NPTEL MOOC on “Principles of Modern CDMA/ MIMO/ OFDM Wireless Communications”
[NOC15 EC05]

Aditya Jagannatham
Associate Professor
Dept. of Electrical Engineering
IIT Kanpur
adityaj@iitk.ac.in

ASSIGNMENT -2

1. A wireless communication system can be modeled using the following model

a. Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) Model
b. Rayleigh Fading channel model
c. Uniformly Random channel model
d. None of the above
Ans b.
2. For a given transmit SNR, the average bit error rate (BER) for a Rayleigh fading wireless channel is given as
a. ½ X e^{-1/2 X SNR}
b. e^{-SNR^2}
c. ½ X (1-sqrt(SNR/(2+SNR)))
d. 1/SNR^2
Ans c
3. What is the BER of a wireless communication system for SNR_dB = 30 dB
a. 5 X 10-4
b. 5 X 10-3
c. 5 X 10-2
d. 5 X10-1
Ans a
4. Compute the SNR_dB required for a wireless system for BER = 10-7
a. 57 dB
b. 67 dB
c. 47 dB
d. 37 dB
Ans b
5. Compute the SNR_dB required for a wireline (AWGN) channel for BER = 10-7
a. 11.9 dB
b. 12.9 dB
c. 13.9 dB
d. 14.9 dB
Ans d
6. The approximate BER of a wireless channel at a given SNR is
a. ½ X e(-1/2 X SNR)
b. sqrt(1/SNR)
c. 1/(2 SNR)
d. e^{-SNR^2}
Ans c
7. Using the formula for approximate BER, the SNR for BER = 10-7 is
a. 67 dB
b. 57 dB
c. 47 dB
d. 37 dB
Ans a
8. For equal noise power, the difference in transmit powers required to achieve BER = 10^-7 in a wireless and wireline systems is
approximately,
a. 52 dB
b. 45 dB
c. 39 dB
d. 33 dB
Ans a
9. The performance of a wireless communication system can be intuitively explained by
a. Additive Noise
b. Multiplicative Noise
c. Deep fade event
d. Gaussian Noise
Ans c
10. The probability of deep fade in a wireless channel is proportional to
a. SNR
b. 1/SNR
c. SNR^2
d. 1/SNR^2
Ans b
11. At SNR = 40 dB, deep fade occurs when the amplitude a of the Rayleigh fading channel is
a. < 0.01
b. < 0.001
c. <0.0001
d. <0.00001
Ans a
12. At SNR = 40 dB, the probability of deep fade is
a. 1-e^-0.1
b. 1-e^-0.01
c. 1-e^-0.001
d. 1-e^-0.0001
Ans d
13. The BER of a wireless channel is approximately
a. Proportional to the speed of the mobile
b. Probability of deep fade
c. Amplitude of the channel coefficient
d. Number of multipath components
Ans b
14. The principle employed to combat fading and improve the BER performance of a wireless communication system is
a. Power Balancing
b. Load Balancing
c. Diversity
d. User Scheduling
 Ans c
15. A wireless system with multiple antennas is an example of
a. System Integration
b. Receive Diversity
c. Power Control
d. Multipath Interference
Ans b
16. If the noise samples n_i, n_j at antennas i, j respectively are zero-mean uncorrelated, then it follows that
a. E{n_1^2 } = E{n_2^2}
b. E{n_1^2 n_2^2} = E{n_1^2}E{n_2^2}
c. E{n_1n_2} = 0
d. n_1, n_2 are Gaussian
Ans c
17. Consider a wireless system with L antennas, with noise elements on all antennas uncorrelated, zero-mean and variance
\sigma^2. The variance of the noise after maximal ratio combining with weights w_1, w_2 …, w_L is given as,
a. \sigma^2\sum_{i=1}^L |w_i|^2
b. \sigma^2\sum_{i=1}^L |w_i|
c. \sigma\sum_{i=1}^L w_i
d. \sigma^2
Ans a
18. Consider a multiantenna wireless system with channel vector \bar{h}. The MRC combining weight vector is given as,
a. \bar{w} = \bar{h}^*
b. \bar{w} = \bar{h}^T
c. \bar{w} = [1,1,…,1]^T
d. \bar{w} = \bar{h}/|| \bar{h}||
Ans d
19. Consider a wireless system with L = 2 antennas and the channel coefficients given as, h_1 = 1/sqrt{3} + 1/\sqrt{3} j and h_2 =
1/sqrt{3} - 1/\sqrt{3} j . The MRC weight vector \bar{w} for this scenario is given as,
a. \bar{w} = 1/2 [1 - 1j, 1 + 1 j]^T
b. \bar{w} = 1/2 [1 + 1 j, 1 - 1 j]^T
c. \bar{w} = [1/2 1/2]^T
d. \bar{w} = [1/sqrt{3} - 1/\sqrt{3} j, 1/sqrt{3} + 1/\sqrt{3} j]^T
Ans b
20. Consider a wireless system with L = 2 antennas and the channel coefficients given as, h_1 = 1/sqrt{3} + 1/\sqrt{3} j and h_2 =
1/sqrt{3} - 1/\sqrt{3} j . Let the noise variance \sigma^2 = 2 and transmit power be P. The SNR at the output of the MRC is,
a. 4/3 P
b. 8/3 P
c. 2/3 P
d. 1/3 P
Ans c
 NPTEL MOOC on “Principles of Modern CDMA/ MIMO/ OFDM Wireless Communications”
[NOC15 EC05]

Aditya Jagannatham
Associate Professor
Dept. of Electrical Engineering
IIT Kanpur
adityaj@iitk.ac.in

ASSIGNMENT -3

1. The gain g at the output of the maximal ratio combiner in a multiple antenna wireless system with independent identically
distributed Rayleigh fading coefficients is distributed as
a. Gaussian random variable
b. Exponential random variable
c. Chi-squared random variable
d. Uniform random variable
Ans c
2. The average BER for an L = 2 antenna wireless system at SNR = 35 dB is
a. 7.5 X 10-6
b. 7.5 X 10-7
c. 7.5 X 10-9
d. 7.5 X 10-8
Ans d
3. The approximate BER at high SNR in a wireless system with L antennas and maximum ratio combining is
2L-1
a. 2L-1C L X 1/(2SNR)^L C L /(2SNR)L
b. L-1C L X 1/(2SNR)
2L-1
c. 2L-1C L X exp(-1/2 X SNR) CL e(-1/2SNR)
2L-1
d. exp(-SNR^L) CL e(-SNRL)
Ans a
4. The BER at high SNR for a system with L = 3 antennas and SNR = 30 dB is
a. 1.0 X 10-8
b. 5 X 10-8
c. 1.25 X 10-9
d. 5 X 10-9
Ans c
5. The BER for high SNR in a system with L = 4 antennas is
a. 1/16 X 1/SNR3
b. 35/16 X 1/SNR4
c. 1/SNR2
d. e(-SNR^4) e(-SNR4)
Ans b
6. The SNR required to achieve BER = 10-12 in a system with L = 3 antennas is
a. 45.3 dB
b. 40.3 dB
c. 35.3 dB
d. 30.3 dB
Ans b
7. The SNR required to achieve BER = 10-12 in an AWGN channel based wireline system is
a. 20.3 dB
b. 19.3 dB
c. 18.3 dB
d. 17.3 dB
Ans d
8. The dB difference in SNR between wireless system with L = 3 antennas and AWGN channel to achieve a BER = 10-12 is
a. 23 dB
b. 21 dB
c. 19 dB
d. 17 dB
Ans a
9. Let g = || h||2 denote the gain of a multiple antenna wireless system. Deep fade occurs when,
a. g < 1/√𝑆𝑁𝑅
b. g < SNR
c. g < 1/ 𝑆𝑁𝑅
d. g < √𝑆𝑁𝑅
Ans c
10. The probability of deep fade in a L antenna wireless communication system is proportional to
a. SNRL
b. 1/SNRL
c. SNRL/2
d. e-SNR
Ans b
11. The decrease in BER in a multiple antenna system can be attributed to
a. Increase in SNR
b. Increase in Doppler
c. Increase in bandwidth
d. Decrease in probability of deep fade
Ans d
12. For a multiple antenna system to be in a deep fade, which of the following must hold
a. At least one link has to be in a deep fade
b. At least half the links have to be in deep fade
c. All the links have to be in deep fade
d. More than 2 links have to be in a deep fade
Ans c
13. For a wireless system with independent fading coefficients across the antennas, the probability of deep fade is equal to
a. The product of the probabilities of the individual fade events
b. The sum of the probabilities of the individual events
c. The lowest of the probability of the deep fade events
d. The maximum of the probability of the deep fade events
Ans a
14. For the channel coefficients to fade independently, which condition must hold
a. The antennas must be placed very close to each other
b. The antennas must be placed sufficiently far apart
c. The antennas must coincide
d. The SNR of the system must be increased
Ans b
15. For independent fading, minimum distance of separation between antennas is
a. d = \lambda
b. d = 2\lambda
c. d = \sqrt{\lambda}
d. d = \lambda/2
Ans d
16. Consider a wireless system with wavelength λ= 2 GHz. For independent fading, the minimum separation between antennas is
a. 15.5 cm
b. 12.5 cm
c. 7.5 cm
d. 3.5 cm
Ans c
17. The diversity order characterizes
a. The SNR of the wireless system
b. The degree of diversity of the wireless system
c. The bandwidth of the wireless system
d. The data rate of the wireless system
Ans b
18. The diversity order of a Rayleigh fading wireless channel with single transmit and receive antennas is
a. Infinity
b. 1
c. 0
d. ½
Ans b
19. The diversity order of a L antenna wireless communication system with independent fading coefficients is
a. L
b. L/2
c. sqrt{L}
d. infinity
Ans a
20. The diversity order of the conventional AWGN channel based wireline system is
a. 0
b. 1
c. L
d. Infinity
Ans d
NPTEL MOOC on “Principles of Modern CDMA/ MIMO/ OFDM Wireless Communications”
[NOC15 EC05]

Aditya Jagannatham
Associate Professor
Dept. of Electrical Engineering
IIT Kanpur
adityaj@iitk.ac.in

ASSIGNMENT -4

1. Delay spread of a wireless channel arises due to

a. Mobility
b. Multipath Propagation
c. High Transmit Power
d. Large Propagation Distance
Ans b
2. Delay spread of the wireless channel can be calculated from the
a. Velocity
b. Carrier Frequency
c. Cell Radius
d. Multipath Power Profile
Ans d
3. Consider an L = 4 component multipath wireless channel with components arriving at 0 \mu s, 2 \mu s, 3 \mu s and 4\mu s.
What is the maximum delay spread of the wireless channel
a. 0 \mu s
b. 2 \mu s
c. 3 \mu s
d. 4 \mu s
Ans d
4. Consider an L = 4 component multipath wireless channel with components arriving at 0 \mu s, 2 \mu s, 3 \mu s and 4\mu s and
respective powers of components as -10 dB, -10 dB, 0 dB and -20 dB. What is the average delay of the wireless channel
a. 0.68 \mu s
b. 1.68 \mu s
c. 2.68 \mu s
d. 3.68 \mu s
Ans c
5. Consider an L = 4 component multipath wireless channel with components arriving at 0 \mu s, 2 \mu s, 3 \mu s and 4\mu s and
respective powers of components as -10 dB, -10 dB, 0 dB and -20 dB. What is the RMS delay spread of the wireless channel
a. 0.86 \mu s
b. 1.86 \mu s
c. 2.86 \mu s
d. 3.86 \mu s
Ans a
6. Significance of delay spread in wireless communication is that it leads to
a. Increased receive power
b. Inter Symbol Interference
 c. Time varying channel
d. None of the above
Ans b
7. Condition for Inter Symbol Interference in wireless communication is
a. Delay spread greater than symbol time
b. Symbol time greater than Delay spread
c. Velocity greater than threshold
d. Transmit power greater than threshold
Ans a
8. Typical outdoor delay spread of the wireless channel is
a. 2 ms
b. 0.2 ms
c. 0.02 ms
d. 0.002 ms
Ans d
9. Coherence bandwidth of wireless channel is the
a. Band over which transmission is not possible
b. Allocated bandwidth for wireless communication
c. Bandwidth over which frequency response is approximately flat
d. Band over which there is no attenuation
Ans c
10. Coherence Bandwidth is approximately equal to
a. 1/\sigma_\tau, where \sigma_\tau is the delay spread
b. 1/P where P is the transmit power
c. Bandwidth B allocated for communication
d. 1/T, where T is the symbol time
Ans a
11. Coherence bandwidth of typical outdoor channel is
a. 50 KHz
b. 500 KHz
c. 5000 KHz
d. 50000 KHz
Ans b
12. Frequency selective distortion occurs when
a. Signal power is greater than 20 dB
b. Channel gain is lower than inverse SNR
c. Signal Bandwidth is lower than coherence bandwidth
d. Coherence bandwidth is lower than signal bandwidth
Ans d
13. Frequency selective fading leads to
a. Time varying channel
b. Intersymbol Interference
c. Increased receive power
d. Increased mobility
Ans b
14. Doppler effect is caused by
a. Relative motion between various users
b. Increased multipath delay spread
c. Relative motion between wireless transmitter and receiver
 d. Frequency selective fading
Ans c
15. Doppler shift does NOT depend on which of the quantities
a. Symbol rate
b. Velocity of mobile
c. Carrier frequency
d. Angle between direction of motion and signal propagation
Ans a
16. Consider velocity = 50 Kmph and carrier frequency = 3 GHz. Angle \theta = 60 degrees. The Doppler shift is
a. 39 Hz
b. 49 Hz
c. 59 Hz
d. 69 Hz
Ans d
17. Doppler shift leads to
a. Increased receive power
b. Time Varying Channel
c. Inter symbol interference
d. Frequency selective fading
Ans b
18. Coherence time is
a. 1/B_c, where B_c is coherence bandwidth
b. Symbol Period
c. Time over which channel is approximately constant
d. Time interval over which user is mobile
Ans c
19. For Doppler shift f_d, coherence time is
a. 1/4f_d^2
b. f_d^2
c. 1/4f_d
d. 2f_d
Ans c
20. Consider Doppler frequence f_d = 80 Hz. The coherence time is
a. 3.125 ms
b. 31.25 ms
c. 312.5 ms
d. 0.3125 ms
Ans a
NPTEL MOOC on “Principles of Modern CDMA/ MIMO/ OFDM Wireless Communications”
[NOC15 EC05]

Aditya Jagannatham
Associate Professor
Dept. of Electrical Engineering
IIT Kanpur
adityaj@iitk.ac.in

ASSIGNMENT -5

1. CDMA technology is predominantly used in

a. 1G wireless systems
b. 2G wireless systems
c. 3G wireless systems
d. 4G wireless systems
Ans c
2. CDMA is a
a. Multiple Antenna technology
b. Multiple Access technology
c. High Power technology
d. Long Range technology
Ans b
3. Consider codes c_0 = [1,1,1,1], c_1 = [1,1,-1,-1] and symbols a_0, a_1 for users 0, 1respectively. The net transmitted signal is
given as,
a. [a_0+a_1, a_0-a_1, a_0-a_1, a_0+a_1]
b. [a_0+a_1, a_0+a_1, a_0+a_1, a_0+a_1]
c. [a_0+a_1, a_0+a_1, a_0-a_1, a_0-a_1]
d. [-a_0+a_1, -a_0+a_1, a_0-a_1, a_0-a_1]
Ans c
4. Consider a symbol rate 10 Kbps and spreading code length N = 256 in a CDMA system. The net bandwidth required for
transmission is given as,
a. 10 KHz
b. 2.56 MHz
c. 256 KHz
d. 2.56 KHz
Ans b
5. CDMA systems are
a. Narrowband Systems
b. Multi-carrier Systems
c. Time Slotted Systems
d. Spread Spectrum Systems
Ans d
6. Bandwidth of the CDMA system is spread by a factor of N where N is the
a. Number of Chips in Spreading Code
b. Number of Antennas
c. Number of Users
d. Number of Multipath Components
 Ans a
7. Consider the state 1010 for the LFSR in the lecture. The next state is given as,
a. 1111
b. 0101
c. 1101
d. 0011
Ans c
8. The balance property of the PN sequence states that
a. Number of (+1) symbols is twice the number of (-1)s
b. Number of (-1) symbols is twice the number of (+1)s
c. Number of (-1) symbols is equal to the number of (+1)s
d. Number of (-1) symbols is one more than the number of (+1)s
Ans d
9. Auto-correlation of the PN sequence for a non-zero shift is
a. -1/N
b. 1/2N
c. -1/2N
d. 1/N^2
Ans a
10. Consider noise power \sigma^2 = 3 dB, transmit power P = 20 dB and spreading length N = 512. The BER at the output in a
flat-fading CDMA scenario is given as,
a. 2 X 10^-1
b. 2 X 10^-2
c. 2 X 10^-3
d. 2 X 10^-4
Ans c
 NPTEL MOOC on “Principles of Modern CDMA/ MIMO/ OFDM Wireless Communications”
[NOC15 EC05]

Aditya Jagannatham
Associate Professor
Dept. of Electrical Engineering
IIT Kanpur
adityaj@iitk.ac.in

ASSIGNMENT -6

1. In CDMA systems, the interference arising from the simultaneous transmission of several users is termed as
a. Extraneous Interference
b. Multi-User Interference
c. Inter Symbol Interference
d. None of the Above
Ans b
2. If each chip c_0(n) and c_1(n) can be  1 with probability ½ each and chips c_0(n), c_1(n) are independent, the average value of
the cross correlation r_01 = \frac{1}{n} \sum_n c_0(n)c_1(n) is
a. 1
b. 1/2
c. 0
d. N
Ans c
3. The variance of the cross correlation E{|r_01|^2} above is
a. 1/N^2
b. N
c. N^2
d. 1/N
Ans d
4. The signal to interference plus noise ratio of user 0 in a multi-user CDMA scenario with K other users is given as,
a. \frac{N |h|^2 P_0}{\sigma^2 + |h|^2 \sum_{k=1}^K P_k}
b. \frac{N |h|^2 P_0}{\sigma^2 }
c. \frac{ |h|^2 P_0}{\sigma^2 + \sum_{k=1}^K P_k}
d. \frac{ P_0}{\sigma^2 }
Ans a
5. Consider a CDMA scenario with 15 users i.e. k = 0,1,…, 14. Let the channel coefficient h = 1/sqrt(2) +j /sqrt(2) and Power P_i of
each user be 10 dB. Spreading length N = 512. What is the SNR of user 0? Noise power \sigma^2 = 0dB
a. 10.6 dB
b. 15.6 dB
c. 20.6 dB
d. 25.6 dB
Ans b
6. The receiver architecture used in a CDMA channel in a frequency selective channel is termed as
a. Coherent Combiner
b. Matched Filter
c. Rake Receiver
d. Channel Estimator
 Ans c
7. The principle employed by the Rake receiver is
a. Correlation with delayed versions of code followed by summation
b. Matched filtering followed by thresholding
c. Summation across chips followed by thresholding
d. Correlation with delayed versions of code followed by maximum ratio combining
Ans d
8. The SNR at the output of a CDMA rake receiver with channel taps given by the vector \mathbf{h}, transmit SNR = P/\sigma^2
and spreading length N is
a. ||h||^2P/N\sigma^2
b. N||h||P/\sigma^2
c. N||h||^2P/\sigma^2
d. P/\sigma^2
Ans c
9. Consider a CDMA system with L = 4 tap frequency selective channel, spreading gain = 512 and SNR = 12 dB. What is the BER
of this system ?
a. 5 X 10^-21
b. 5 X 10^-16
c. 5 X 10^-11
d. 5 X 10^-6
Ans b
10. In CDMA, the phenomenon where a user closer to the base station suppresses the signal of another user farther from the base
station is termed as
a. Multi-user suppression
b. CDMA interference phenomenon
c. Inter-user Interference
d. Near-Far Problem
Ans d
11. The property by which multiple information streams can be transmitted across a MIMO channel is termed as
a. Spatial Multiplexing
b. Diversity
c. Time Division for Multiple Access
d. Frequency Division for multiple access
Ans a
12. In a MIMO channel with r receive and t transmit antennas the channel is a
a. Flat-fading coefficient
b. r x t channel matrix
c. row vector with rt coefficients
d. column vector with rt coefficients
Ans b
13. In a MIMO system, the coefficient h_21 is the channel coefficient between the
a. 1st receive antenna and 2nd transmit antenna
b. 2nd receive antenna and 1st transmit antenna
c. User 1 and 2nd receive antenna
d. User 2 and 1st receive antenna
Ans b
14. The special case of a MIMO system with multiple receive antennas and a single transmit antenna is termed as
a. MIMO – Multiple Input Multiple-Output
 b. MISO – Multiple Input Single Output
c. SIMO – Single Input Multiple Output
d. SISO – Single Input Single Output
Ans c
15. In a 4 X 3 MIMO system with IID noise elements and \sigma^2 = -6 dB, the noise covariance is given as
a. \frac{1}{4} I_{4 \times 4}
b. \frac{1}{2} I_{4 \times 4}
c. \frac{1}{4} I_{3 \times 3}
d. 4 X 4 All zero matrix
Ans a
 NPTEL MOOC on “Principles of Modern CDMA/ MIMO/ OFDM Wireless Communications”
[NOC15 EC05]

Aditya Jagannatham
Associate Professor
Dept. of Electrical Engineering
IIT Kanpur
adityaj@iitk.ac.in

ASSIGNMENT -7

1. For a MIMO system with r > t i.e. the number of receive antennas greater than the number of transmit antennas, the zero-forcing
receiver is given by
a. Inverse of channel matrix H
b. Pseudo-Inverse of channel matrix H
c. SVD of channel matrix H
d. Regularized inverse of channel matrix H
Ans b
1 2
2. Consider the MIMO channel matrix H  1 3 . The corresponding ZF receiver matrix is given as
 
1 4
1 1 1
a.  
 2 3 4
 0.5000 0.0000 0.5000 
b.  
 1.8333 0.3333  1.1667
 1.8333 0.3333  1.1667
c.  0.5000 0.0000 0.5000 

 1.8333 0.0000  1.1667
d.  0.5000 0.3333 0.5000 

Ans c
3. The pseudo-inverse of the zero-forcing receiver of the MIMO channel matrix H for r > t acts as a
a. Inverse of the matrix H
b. Left-Inverse of the matrix H
c. Right-Inverse of the matrix H
d. Regularized inverse of the matrix H
Ans b
4. For a r  t MIMO system with r > t, the BER for a zero-forcing receiver with for a given SNR is
a. 1/SNR
b. ½  e-SNR/2
c. 2L-1CL  1/(2  SNR)L, where L = r-t+1
d. Q(SNR)
Ans c
5. Consider a MIMO system with SNR = 35 dB, r = 4, t = 2. The BER in this system with BPSK modulation and zero-forcing
receiver is given as,
a. 5 X 10-8
 b. 10-6
c. 5  107
d. 1.25  10-7
Ans d
6. In a MISO system with channel vector h , transmit power P, noise power 2, the SNR at the receiver with transmit beamforming
is
2
h P
a.
2
hP
b.
2
h
c.
2
2
d. h
Ans a
7. Consider a 1 X 3 MISO system with channel coefficients h1 = 1+j, h2 = 1/2 – j/2, h3 = 2-2j. Transmit power P = 3 dB. If the
BPSK symbol to be transmitted is -1, what is the transmitted vector with transmit beamforming
 1 j 
1  1 j 
a.   
11  2 2
 2  2 j 
 1 j 
2 1 j 
b.   
11  2 2
  2  2 j 
 1 j 
1 1 j 
c.   
11  2 2
 2  2 j 
 1 j 
 1 j 
d.   
 2 2
 2  2 j 
Ans b
8. Consider a 1  3 MISO system with channel coefficients h1 = 1+j, h2 = 1/2 – j/2, h3 = 2-2j. Transmit power P = 3 dB. If the
noise power at the receiver is – 6 dB, what is the SNR at the receiver
a. 13.4 dB
b. 16.4 dB
c. 19.4 dB
d. 22.4 dB
Ans c
9. The SNR with transmit beamforming in a MISO system is
a. Greater than that of MRC with equal number of receive antennas in SIMO system
b. Identical to that of MRC with equal number of receive antennas in SIMO system
c. Lower than that of MRC with equal number of receive antennas in SIMO system
 d. Not related to that of MRC with equal number of receive antennas in SIMO system
Ans b
10. Consider an SNR = 35 dB in a 1  4 MISO system. The BER with transmit beamforming is given as,
a. 2.2  10-14
b. 5.2  10-12
c. 7.2 10-9
d. 9.2 10-7
Ans a
11. The Alamouti Scheme is an example of
a. MIMO Channel Decomposition
b. Non-linear Receiver
c. Optimal Power Allocation
d. Orthogonal Space Time Block Code
Ans d
12. Consider a 1  2 MISO channel with coefficients h1 = 3+j and h2 = -1 + 3j. The effective 2 X 2 matrix at in the receiver for the
Alamouti Scheme is given as,
3  j  1  3 j 
a. 3  j  1  3 j 
 
 3 j 1  3 j
b.  1  3 j  3  j 
 
 3 j 1 3 j
c.  
 1  3 j 3  j 
 3 j 1 3 j
d.  
 1  3 j 3  j 
Ans b
13. For a given average BER, what is the dB SNR required for an Alamouti coded system
a. 10  log10(1/BER)
b. 10  log10(-2 ln BER)
c. 10  log10((3/BER))
d. 10  log10(BER)
Ans c
14. In MIMO Singular Value Decomposition
a. The singular values are non-negative
b. The singular values are arranged in decreasing order
c. Matrix V is Unitary
d. All of the above
Ans d
2 3 
15. Consider the matrix H    . The singular values of this matrix are given as
2  3
a. 1 = 8, 2 = 18
b. 1 =13, 2 = 13
c. 1 = 18, 2 = 8
d. 1 =18, 2 = 8
Ans c
 NPTEL MOOC on “Principles of Modern CDMA/ MIMO/ OFDM Wireless Communications”
[NOC15 EC05]

Aditya Jagannatham
Associate Professor
Dept. of Electrical Engineering
IIT Kanpur
adityaj@iitk.ac.in

ASSIGNMENT -8

1. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is used in which of the following wireless technologies
a. Long Term Evolution (LTE)
b. Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)
c. 802.11a for WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)
d. All of the above
Ans d
2. Consider a delay spread of approximately 3 s. What is the minimum number of subcarriers necessary in an OFDM system over
a bandwidth of 10 MHz to overcome ISI
a. 5
b. 10
c. 15
d. 30
Ans d
3. Difference between multi-carrier modulation (MCM) and Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is
a. Multi-carrier transmission
b. IFFT/ FFT operation
c. MCM does not overcome Intersymbol Interference
d. MCM can only be used for a large bandwidth
Ans b
4. OFDM involves which of the following steps
a. FFT operation at the transmitter
b. IFFT operation at the receiver
c. Removal of cyclic prefix at transmitter
d. Addition of cyclic prefix at transmitter
Ans d
5. Consider the symbols X(0) = 1, X(1) = 0, X(2) = -1 and X(3) = j. The generated OFDM samples without cyclic prefix are
a. j,1, -j,3
b. 1,0,-1,j
c. 0.25j, 0.75, -0.25j, 0.25
d. 0.25, 0.75j, -0.25, 0.25j
Ans c
6. Consider OFDM symbols with cyclic prefix (CP). Let the length of the channel impulse response of the channel filter be L i.e. we
have channel taps h(0), h(1), …, h(L-1) as described in the lectures. What is the minimum length L of the cyclic prefix required
i.e. minimum number of samples in the CP
a. L
 b. L+1
c. L-1
d. 2L
Ans c
7. In OFDM, cyclic prefix is added to
a. Avoid inter symbol interference
b. Avoid inter block interference
c. To reduce subcarrier bandwidth
d. To increase size of IFFT
Ans b
8. After addition of the CP in an OFDM system, the output of the channel i.e. signal at the receiver after removal of CP is
a. Linear convolution between transmitted signal and channel taps
b. Element wise product between transmitted signal and channel taps
c. Circular convolution in time domain between OFDM signal and channel taps
d. Circular convolution in frequency domain between symbols and subcarrier channel coefficients
Ans c
9. OFDM converts a frequency selective channel into
a. A single flat fading channel
b. N parallel flat-fading channels, where N is the number of subcarriers
c. Time selective channel
d. Stationary channel
Ans b
10. Consider an OFDM system with bandwidth 10 MHz and number of subcarriers 1024. Let the cyclic prefix comprise of 1/8 of
number of samples from the tail of the OFDM symbol prefixed in the front. What is the total time of the resulting OFDM symbol
with CP
a. 102.4 s
b. 115.2 s
c. 96.6 s
d. 124.2 s
Ans b
11. Inputs to the IFFT block in the OFDM system are
a. Modulated symbols loaded onto subcarriers
b. Raw information symbols at transmitter
c. Outputs from channel after CP removal
d. Product of symbol and channel coefficient across each subcarrier
Ans a
12. Consider an OFDM system with dB noise power 2 = 10 dB and 1024 subcarriers. The noise power in dB at the output of the FFT
in the OFDM system is
a. 40 dB
b. -20 dB
c. 10 dB
d. 30 dB
Ans a
13. The assumption used in lectures to derive the variance of the channel coefficient across each subcarrier in the OFDM system is
a. White Gaussian Noise
 b. Independent channel taps
c. Frequency selective channel
d. Uncorrelated scattering
Ans d
14. Consider an OFDM system with dB noise power 2 = 6 dB, number of channel taps L = 12, number of subcarriers N = 256. What
is the dB transmit power required to achieve BER = 10-6 in the OFDM system
a. 56 dB
b. 66 dB
c. 76 dB
d. 86 dB
Ans c
15. The diversity of the BER across each OFDM subcarrier is
a. 0
b. 1
c. 
d. L
Ans b