Link or System Design

Engr. Quratulain
Quratulain@ssuet.edu.pk
Telecommunication Engineering
Department
Lecture 22

10/15/2020 Telecommunication Engineering Department 2

 Recap of important formulae
The risetime budget is assembled as:
Tsyst = 1.1(TS2 + TF 2 + TD 2 +TA 2)1/2

For non-return-to-zero (NRZ) data

For return-to zero (RZ) data

Optical Power Budget:

Pi = (Po + CL + Ma + DL)dBm
 Finding amplifier stages for a link
• If N denotes number of EDFA* amplifiers with gain GEDFA, then required
number of amplifiers along the link length is given by the formula:

*Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) is an optical amplifier used in the C-band and L-band, where
loss of telecom optical fibers becomes lowest in the entire optical telecommunication wavelength
bands

10/15/2020 Telecommunication Engineering Department 4

 Example Problem
The following parameters were chosen for a long haul
single mode optical fiber system operating at 1.3µm.
Mean power launched
Splice loss = 0.1 dB/km
Connector loss at transmitter and receiver = 1 dB
each Mean power required at theAPD
from laser = -3 dBm Cabled fiber
loss = 0.4 dB/km
When operating at 35Mbps(BER = 10-9) -55 dBm
When operating at 400Mbps(BER = 10-9) -44 dBm
Required safety margin = +7 dB
Estimate:
a) Maximum possible link length without repeaters when operating
at 35Mbps. It may be assumed that there is no dispersion-
equalization penalty at this rate.
b) Maximum possible link length without repeaters when
operating at 400Mbps.
c) the reduction in the maximum possible link length without
repeaters of (b) when there is dispersion- equalization penalty of
1.5dB.
 Solution

a) 35Mbps
Pi – Po = [(Fiber cable loss + Splice losses ) x L + Connector loss + Ma ]dB [-
3dBm – (-55 dBm)] = (0.4 + 0.1)L + 2 + 7
0.5L = 52 –2-7
L = 86km
b) 400 Mbps
Pi – Po = [(Fiber cable loss + Splice losses ) x L + Connector loss + Ma ]dB [-
3dBm – (-44 dBm)] = (0.4 + 0.1)L + 2 + 7
0.5L = 41 –2-7
L = 64km

• Including dispersion-equalization penalty of 1.5dB

Pi – Po = [(Fiber cable loss + Splice losses ) x L + Connector loss + DL + Ma]dB [-
3dBm – (-44 dBm)] = (0.4 + 0.1)L + 2 + 1.5 + 7
0.5L = 41 –2 -1.5 – 7
L = 61km
Note: a reduction of 3 km in the maximum length without repeaters when DL is taken
to account.
 Example Problem
An optical link was designed to transmit data at a rate of 20 Mbps
using RZ coding. The length of the link is 7 km and uses an LED at
0.85µm. The channel used is a GRIN fiber with 50µm core and
attenuation of 2.6dB/km.
The cable requires splicing every kilometer with a loss of 0.5dB per
splice. The connector used at the receiver has a loss of 1.5dB. The
power launched into the fiber is 100µW. The minimum power
required at the receiver is –71dBm to give a BER of 10-10. It is also
predicted that a safety margin of 6dB will be required.
Show by suitable method that the choice of components is suitable
for the link.
 Solution
The power launched into the fiber : 100µW = -10 dBm
Minimum power required at the receiver - 71dBm
Total system margin 61 dB

Fiber loss 7 x 2.6 18.2dB

Splice loss 6 x 0.5 3.0 dB
Connector loss 1.5 dB
Safety Margin 6.0 dB
Total Loss 28.7dB

Excess power margin = 61 dB - 28.7 dB = 32.3 dB

Based on the figure given, the system is stable and provides an excess
of 32.3 dB power margin. The system is suitable for the link and has
safety margin to support future splices if needed.
Thank You