INTRODUCTION TO MICROECEONOMICS

CASE BASED LEARNING

By. Lilis Siti Badriah

Arranged by:

- Akfi Fiya Fithrota / C1G021029

- Hasna Nurfadhila / C1G021018

UNIVERSITAS JENDRAL SOEDIRMAN

FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS

2021
 PRELIMINARY

Numerical method is a technique used to formulate mathematical problems

so that they can be solved only by counting operations, which consist of addition,
subtraction operations.

Numerical method is a technique to solve problems that are formulated

mathematically by means of arithmetic operations. The numerical method used to
solve mathematical problems is in the form of an algorithm. Any algorithm formed
from numerical analysis can be solved computationally. This reduces the
turnaround time. Another reason to use numerical methods is that they are able to
deal with large, nonlinear systems of equations and complex geometries that are not
common in engineering and are often impossible to solve analytically.

RESEARCH METHODS

Besides checking each answer, you must determine whether all possible
roots have been placed. As noted earlier, a graph of a function is usually very useful
to guide you through a task. Another option is to include an incremental search
when starting computer programming. This selection starts at an end of the desired
region, and then evaluates the function in increments along that region. If the sign
of the function changes, it must be assumed that a root lies within the increment.
The values of x at the start and end of the increment can then provide an initial
guess for one of the bracketing techniques.
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Market equilibrium formation in output market:

CASE 1:

1. It is known that the demand function for an item is Q = 30 - 6P and the supply
function is Q = -10 + 4 P, then the market equilibrium will be reached at the point...

Answer:

The point of market equilibrium occurs when Qd = Qs or Pd = Ps

Qd = Qs
30 - 6P = -10 + 4P
-6 P – 4P = -10 – 30
-10P = -40
P=4

Qd = 30 - 6P

Q = 30 - 6 (4)

Q =6

So The Market Equilibrium Point = (Q,P) = (6,4)

 P

5 Qs = -10 + 4p
E
4

Qd = 30 – 6p

Q
-10 6 30

Determine 3 condition of demand and supply interaction in the market at that case:

The interaction in Demand and supply causes 3 conditions is:

1. In the demand function Qd =30-6P, we can see that in this function there is a
point P (Price)=5 and a point Q (Quantity) =30.

2. Interaction of demand and supply causes the supply function, namely Qs = -10 +
4P to occur at points P (Price)= -10 and Q (Quantity) =2.5

3. The interaction of demand and supply, namely Qd = 30-6P and Qs = -10+4P,

occurs at the point of intersection or we can call it equilibrium. Equilibrium
between these functions occurs at points Q (Quantity) = 6 and P (Price) = 4 so
as to form equilibrium at (Q,P) = (6,4)

CASE 2

An item has the following demand for demand: if the price is 2, the quantity
demanded is 12 units, but if the price increases to 5 the demand is only 6 units.
Meanwhile on the other hand, if the price is 2, the producer offers a total of 2 units
and if the price increases by 5, the producer also increases the quantity supplied by
11 units:
A. The demand function for the item

B. The function of the supply of the goods

C. Market equilibrium

Answer:

A. The Demand Function

𝑃 − 𝑃1 𝑄 − 𝑄1
=
𝑃2 − 𝑃1 𝑄2 − 𝑄1

𝑃 − 2 𝑄 − 12
=
5 − 2 6 − 12

𝑃 − 2 𝑄 − 12
=
3 −6

6P + 12 = 3Q - 36
3Q = 6P – 48
Q = 16-2P

So the demand function Qd= 16-2P

B. The Supply Function

𝑃 − 𝑃1 𝑄 − 𝑄1
=
𝑃2 − 𝑃1 𝑄2 − 𝑄1

𝑃−2 𝑄−2
=
5 − 2 11 − 2

𝑃−2 𝑄−2
=
3 9

9P-18 = 3Q – 6

-3Q = 12 - 9P

Q= 3P – 4

So the supply function is Qs= 3P-4

C.Equlibrium In Market

Qd = Qs

16-2P = 3P-4

-2P-3P = -16-4

-5P = -20

P=4

Q = 16-2P

Q = 16-2(4)

Q = 16-8

Q=8

So market equilibrium occurs when (P,Q) = (4,8)

8 Qs= 3P-4

E
4

1,3
Qd = 16- 2P
Q
-4 8 16
Determine 3 condition of demand and supply interaction in the market at that case:

The interaction in Demand and supply causes 3 conditions is:

1. In the demand function Qd =16-2P, we can see that in this function there is a
point P (Price) = 8 and a point Q (Quantity) =16.

2. Interaction of demand and supply causes the supply function, namely Qs = 3P-4
to occur at points P (Price)= 1,3 and Q (Quantity) =-4

3. The interaction of demand and supply, namely Qd = 16-2P and Qs = 3P-4 occurs
at the point of intersection or we can call it equilibrium. Equilibrium between
these functions occurs at points Q (Quantity) = 8 and P (Price) = 4 so as to form
equilibrium at (Q,P) = (8,4)