Nama : Anastasia Valentina Indah Kusuma Ayu

NIM : 010172000008
Jurusan : Akuntansi
Mata Kuliah : Matematika Bisnis

PAGE 81 NO.7
The demand and supply functions of a good are given by:
P = −3QD + 48
P = ½ QS + 23
Find the equilibrium quantity if the government imposes a fixed tax of $4 on each good.

Answer:
(a) Equilibrium price and quantity
Demand
Q=0 P = -3(0) + 48 P=0 0 = -3Q+48
P = 48 (0,48) Q = 16 (16,0)

Supplies
Q=0 P = ½ (0) + 23 P=0 0 = ½ QS + 23
P = 23 (0,23) Q = -46 (-46,0)

Equilibrium
-3 QD + 48 = ½ QS + 23
-6 Q + 96 = Q + 46
-5 Q = -50
Q = 10
P = −3 QD + 48
P = −3 (10) + 48
P = -30 + 48
P = 18 (10,18)

(b) Equilibrium Price and Quantity after the imposition of Fixed Tax per good
P = ½ QS + 23 + 4
P = ½ QS + 27

Supply
Q=0 P = ½ (0) + 27 P = 0 0 = ½ QS + 27
P = 27 (0,27) Q = -54 (-54,0)

Equilibrium
−3 QD + 48 = ½ QS + 27
−6 QD + 96 = Q + 54
-7Q = -42
Q = 6
P = −3 QD + 48
P = -3 (6) + 48
 P = 30 (6,30)

48

27 E

23

Q
-54 -46 16

PAGE 142 NO.1

If fixed costs are 30, variable costs per unit are Q + 3, and the demand function is
P + 2 Q = 50
show that the associated profit function is
π = −3 Q2 + 47 Q − 30.
Find the break-even values of Q and deduce the maximum profit.

Answer:
TR =PQ
= 50 – 2Q (Q)

= 50Q – 2Q2
TC = FC + (VC) Q
= 30 + (Q + 3) Q
= 30 + Q2 + 3Q

= Q2 + 3Q + 30
Π = TR – TC
= 50Q – 2Q2 – (Q2 + 3Q + 30)
= 50Q – 2Q2 – Q2 - 3Q - 30)
= -3Q2 + 47Q – 30
(a) Break Even Value

−b ± √ b2−4 ac
x=
2a
−47 ± √ 47 2−4 (−3)(−30)
Q=
2(−3)
−47 ± √ 2,209−360
Q=
−6
−47 ± √ 1,849
Q=
−6
−47 ± 43
Q=
−6

−47−43
Q=
−6
−90
Q=
−6
Q=15

−47+43
Q=
−6
−4
Q=
−6
2
Q=
3
2
So, the break even values of Q are 15+
3
(b) Mid point Q

1 2
Q=
2 (
15+
3 )
1 47
Q= x
2 3
5
Q=7
6
5
(c) Maximum Profit at Mid point Q=7
6
π=−3 Q2 + 47 Q−30
5 2 5
π=−3 (7 ) + 47(7 )−30
6 6
1 1
π=−184 +368 −30
2 6
1
π=184 −30
12
1
π=154
12
PAGE 225 NO.8
A person wishes to save a regular amount at the beginning of each month in order to buy a
car in 18 months’ time. An account of ers a return of 4.8% compounded monthly. Work out
the monthly savings if the total amount saved at the end of 18 months is $18 000.
0.048 18
18,000 = R
( (1+
12
0.048
12
) −1

)
(1+
0.048
12
¿

(1.004)18−1
18,000 = R ( 0.004 )
(1.004 ¿

18,000 = R ( 0.075
0.004 )
(1.004 ¿

18,000 = R (18.7 ¿
18,000
R=
18.7
R = $962.6

PAGE 325 NO.5

The demand and total cost functions of a good are
−3 Q2 Q 3
4P + Q − 16 = 0 and TC = 4 + 2Q + respectively.
10 20

16−Q
a. P =
4
16−Q
TR = (Q)
4
16 Q−Q2
TR =
4
Q2
TR = 4 Q−
4

π=TR−TC
Q2 3 Q2 Q3
π=(4 Q− )−(4+ 2Q− + )
4 10 20
Q2 3Q 2 Q 3
π=4 Q− −4−2 Q+ −
4 10 20
−Q 3 Q 2
π= + + 2Q−4
20 20
 Q2
TR = 4 Q−
4
2Q
MR = 4−
4
−Q
MR = 4
2

−3 Q 2 Q 3
TC = 4 + 2Q +
10 20
−6 Q 3 Q 2
MC = 2 +
10 20
−3 Q 3 Q 2
MC = 2 +
5 20
−Q 3 Q 2
b. π= + + 2Q−4
20 20
dπ
=0
dQ
−3 Q 2 2Q
+ +2=0
20 20
−3 Q 2 Q
+ +2=0
20 10
−3 Q 2 +2Q+ 40=0
3 Q2−2 Q−40=0
−b ± √b 2−4 ac 2± √ 484
=
2a 6
2+ √ 484
Q= =4 ----------> maximizes profit
6
2−√ 484
Q= =−3,3
6

c. Profit max ---> MR = MC

−Q −3 Q 3 Q 2
4 =2 +
2 5 20
80−10 Q=40−12 Q+ 3Q 2
3 Q2−12 Q+ 10Q+ 40−80=0
3 Q 2−2 Q−40=0
−b ± √b 2−4 ac = 2± √ 484
2a 6
2+ √ 484
Q= =4 ----------> maximizes profit
6
2−√ 484
Q= =−3,3
6
−4
4 =2
2
−3( 4) 3( 4)2
2 + =2
5 20