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FORM 2

THE PATENT ACT 1970

(39 of 1970)

&

THE PATENTS RULES, 2003

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION

(See Section 10, and rule 13)

PROPULSION SYSTEM FOR SELF PROPELLED VEHICLES AND

METHOD TO OPERATE THE SAME

APPLICANT(S)             

NAME:

NATIONALITY: INDIAN

ADDRESS:          

The following specification particularly describes the invention and the

manner in which it is to be performed
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BACKGROUND

Field of Invention

[001] Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to a

propulsion system and particularly to a propulsion system for self-propelled
vehicles and method to operate the same.

Description of Related Art

[002] Pollution is considered as a serious threat to an environment, which

in turn affects a health of human beings, thereby causing respiratory
disorders to them. It has been found in a research study that high level of
carbon particulate matters that are present in air are a result of combustion
of fossil fuels in vehicles. Now a days, almost every household owns at
least one vehicle; however, people do not understand a sustainability and
a non-renewability of the fossil fuels. While driving the vehicle, the people
adopt practices that leads to more combustion of the fuel which in further
results in a greater number of pollutants released in the environment. The
practices may be, a single person driving a four-wheeler, not using public
vehicles for commuting, keeping an engine in a running state while on a
red-light or while waiting in a traffic, using the vehicle for a short distance
where walking is possible. Different modes of transportation require
different types of engines or propulsion systems to propel the vehicle.

[003] Traditional modes of transportation require an Internal Combustion

Engine (ICE), an external combustion engine such as a Spark Ignition (SI)
or a Compressed Ignition (CI) and an electric powered engine to get
reaction force from a surrounding media to obtain a propulsive force.
However, such type of engines requires some kind of continuous fuel
supply to run the connected engine to obtain the propulsive force from the
surrounded media through an application of Newton’s third law of motion.
In case of a land-based vehicle (as shown in FIG. 1A), a non-renewable
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fuel supply is used to ignite the engine to obtain the propulsive force
through the application of the Newton’s third law of motion.

[004] Further, in case of an electric vehicle (as shown in FIG. 1B), an

electric supply is used to provide a torque to connecting wheels to get
forward motion or propulsion through the application of the Newton’s third
law of motion. Similarly, in case of a marine based vehicle (as shown in
FIG. 1C), the compressed ignition engines or nuclear-powered engines
are used to get the propulsion from the surrounding media such as, water.
In the marine-based vehicle, the non-renewable fuel supply can be used to
provide a cranking to the engine that further cranks an attached propeller
to get the forward motion by displacing a fluid in a backward direction
through the Newton’s third law of motion. Further, in case of an air vehicle
(as shown in FIG. 1D), gas turbine engines are used to get the propulsion
from the surrounding media such as, air. In the air vehicle, the non-
renewable fuel supply can be used to burn the fuel to provide compression
of the air in a suction path which enables a motion of the air vehicle in an
opposite direction as per the Newton’s third law of application.

[005] However, the fuel which is produced from a non-renewable source

of energy is certainly not everlasting. Moreover, currently used fossil fuels
or petroleum fuels are a major reason of global warming and air pollution.
In addition, using the internal combustion engine has some mechanical
limitation due to which an achievable efficiency of the vehicle is limited to
some extent. Also, aforementioned modes of transportation are still
expensive as it is difficult to reduce a price with current technologies.

[006] There is thus a need for an advanced and more effective propulsion
system for self-propelled vehicles that can address the aforementioned
limitations in a more efficient manner.

SUMMARY
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[007] Embodiments in accordance with the present invention provide a

propulsion system for a self-propelled vehicle. The propulsion system
comprising: propulsive capsule units attached to a vehicle body such that
each of the propulsive capsule units comprise a servo motor to enable the
corresponding propulsive capsule units to utilize a pressure energy
harnessed from a surrounding media for propelling the corresponding
vehicle, wherein a number of the propulsive capsule units depends on an
aerodynamics of the corresponding vehicle. The propulsion system further
comprising: a solar panel attached to the vehicle body, to generate an
electrical energy from a solar energy. The propulsion system further
comprising: a servo controller disposed inside the vehicle body. The servo
controller is powered by the electrical energy generated by the solar panel,
to control an operation of the servo motor of the each of the propulsive
capsule units.

[008] Embodiments of the present invention may provide a number of

advantages depending on its particular configuration. First, embodiments
of the present application may provide a system that utilizes a fluid
phenomenon that has an ability to provide a unidirectional propulsive force
without applying any external source of supply.

[009] Next, embodiments of the present application may provide an

energy efficient self-propulsion vehicle that uses a renewable source of
energy such as a pressure energy for propelling the corresponding
vehicle.

[0010] Next, embodiment of the present invention may provide a self-

propulsion vehicle that is configured with a precisely constructed and
engineered geometrical structure having an ability to harness a pressure
energy from a surrounding media, in order to achieve a propulsive force.

[0011] Next, embodiments of the present invention may provide a self-

propulsion vehicle that produces a minimal number of pollutants which in
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turn helps in controlling global warming and air pollution.

[0012] Next, embodiment of the present invention may provide a self-

propulsion vehicle that is cost-effective and easy to maintain.

[0013] Next, embodiment of the present invention may provide a self-

propulsion vehicle that leaves a minimal amount of carbon footprints and
also helps in preserving an earth.

[0014] Next, embodiment of the present invention may provide a self-

propulsion vehicle that helps in lowering down a running cost to a large
extent, thus making it useful for common people.

[0015] These and other advantages will be apparent from the present
application of the embodiments described herein.

[0016] The preceding is a simplified summary to provide an understanding

of some embodiments of the present invention. This summary is neither
an extensive nor exhaustive overview of the present invention and its
various embodiments. The summary presents selected concepts of the
embodiments of the present invention in a simplified form as an
introduction to the more detailed description presented below. As will be
appreciated, other embodiments of the present invention are possible
utilizing, alone or in combination, one or more of the features set forth
above or described in detail below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The above and still further features and advantages of

embodiments of the present invention will become apparent upon
consideration of the following detailed description of embodiments thereof,
especially when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings,
and wherein:
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[0018] FIG. 1A illustrates a traditional land-based vehicle, according to an

embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] FIG. 1B illustrates a traditional electric vehicle, according to an

embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] FIG. 1C illustrates a traditional marine-based vehicle, according to

an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] FIG. 1D illustrates a traditional air vehicle, according to an

embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] FIG. 1E illustrates a propulsion system for a self-propelled vehicle,

according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] FIG. 1F illustrates components of the propulsion system, according

to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] FIG. 1G illustrates a structure of one of, propulsive capsule units,

according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] FIG. 1H illustrates an off state of the self-propelled vehicle,

according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] FIG. 1I illustrates an on state of the self-propelled vehicle,

according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] FIG. 1J illustrates the components of the propulsion system

installed within a land-based vehicle, according to an embodiment of the
present invention;

[0028] FIG. 1K illustrates the components of the propulsion system

installed within a marine-based vehicle, according to an embodiment of
the present invention;

[0029] FIG. 1L illustrates the components of the propulsion system

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installed within an air vehicle, according to an embodiment of the present

invention; and

[0030] FIG. 2 illustrates a method of operating the self-propelled vehicle by

using the propulsion system, according to an embodiment of the present
invention.

[0031] The headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and
are not meant to be used to limit the scope of the description or the claims.
As used throughout this application, the word "may" is used in a
permissive sense (i.e., meaning having the potential to), rather than the
mandatory sense (i.e., meaning must). Similarly, the words “include”,
“including”, and “includes” mean including but not limited to. To facilitate
understanding, like reference numerals have been used, where possible,
to designate like elements common to the figures. Optional portions of the
figures may be illustrated using dashed or dotted lines, unless the context
of usage indicates otherwise.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following description includes the preferred best mode of one
embodiment of the present invention. It will be clear from this description
of the invention that the invention is not limited to these illustrated
embodiments but that the invention also includes a variety of modifications
and embodiments thereto. Therefore, the present description should be
seen as illustrative and not limiting. While the invention is susceptible to
various modifications and alternative constructions, it should be
understood, that there is no intention to limit the invention to the specific
form disclosed, but, on the contrary, the invention is to cover all
modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents falling within the
spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the claims.

[0033] In any embodiment described herein, the open-ended terms

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"comprising,", "comprises,”, and the like (which are synonymous with

"including,", "having”, and "characterized by") may be replaced by the
respective partially closed phrases "consisting essentially of,", “consists
essentially of,", and the like or the respective closed phrases "consisting
of,", "consists of,”, and the like.

[0034] As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” designate
both the singular and the plural, unless expressly stated to designate the
singular only.

[0035] FIG. 1E illustrates a propulsion system 100 for a self-propelled

vehicle 102 (hereinafter referred to as the vehicle 102), according to an
embodiment of the present invention. In an embodiment of the present
invention, the vehicle 102 may be, but not limited to, a land-based vehicle,
a marine-based vehicle, an air vehicle, and so forth. Embodiments of the
present invention are intended to include or otherwise cover any type of
the vehicle 102 including known, related art, and/or later developed
technologies. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the
propulsion system 100 may comprise propulsive capsule units 106a-106n
(hereinafter referred to as the propulsive capsule units 106) that may be
configured to harness a pressure energy from a surrounding media 104 as
a direct action to get a unidirectional propulsive force 128 (as shown in
FIG. 1J). The unidirectional propulsive force 128 may be used to propel
the corresponding vehicle 102, in an embodiment of the present invention.
The surrounding media 104 may be, but not limited to, air, land, water, and
so forth. Embodiments of the present invention are intended to include or
otherwise cover any type of the surrounding media 104.

[0036] In an embodiment of the present invention, each of the propulsive

capsule units 106 may utilize a fluid phenomenon to obtain the
unidirectional propulsive force 128. In such embodiment of the present
invention, the fluid phenomenon may state that the propulsive capsule
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units 106 may not be affected by a gravitational force and may eventually
activates an effect of molecular pressure of the surrounding media 104. In
such embodiment of the present invention, the propulsive capsule units
106 may activate the effect of the molecular pressure of the surrounding
media 104, when a density ratio of the immersed propulsive capsule units
106 gets reduced to 20 times than the surrounding media 104.

[0037] In an embodiment of the present invention, if an external pressure

is greater than an internal pressure of the each of the propulsive capsule
units 106, then there may be case of crushing effect on the propulsive
capsule units 106. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the
external pressure may be 1 atmosphere (ATM) and the internal pressure
of the propulsive capsule units 106 may be less than 1 ATM. Similarly, if a
hardness of a material that may be used in fabricating the propulsive
capsule units 106 has high penetration value than the 1 ATM, then there
may be the case of the crushing effect on the propulsive capsule units
106. In another embodiment of the present invention, if the hardness of
the material has low penetration value than the 1 ATM, then there may be
a case of no crushing effect on the propulsive capsule units 106.

[0038] Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the fluid

phenomenon may be applied on the propulsion system 100 based on pre-
defined set of conditions. In an embodiment of the present invention, a first
condition may be that a ratio of a mass of the immersed propulsive
capsule units 106 to a mass of a displaced fluid should be less than or
equal to 20. Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, a second
condition may be that the immersed propulsive capsule units 106 should
have a conical structure and a ratio of height of the propulsive capsule
units 106 to a radius of the propulsive capsule units 106 should be
approximately equal to 2.75. In such embodiment of the present invention,
a shape of the immersed propulsive capsule units 106 may further be
redesigned to enhance a performance capability. Further, a third condition
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may be that a force that may be acted on the propulsive capsule units 106
may increase with a depth of the fluid. For instance, at 10 meters (M) of
the depth, the force may be 0.3 Newton per square Centimeter (N/cm 2). A
fourth condition may be that a ratio of the force that may be acted on the
propulsive capsule units 106 to a mass of the propulsion system 100 in
“Newton” should be greater than or equal to 3 to get a propulsive effect.

[0039] In an embodiment of the present invention, the propulsion system

100 may comprise a power supply unit 108 that may be provided to supply
a power to the each of the propulsive capsule units 106, to enable the
propulsive capsule units 106 to propel the vehicle 102 in a unidirectional
motion. In such embodiment of the present invention, the power supply
unit 108 may be, but not limited to, an unregulated bulk linear power
supply unit, a regulated Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) switching mode
power supply unit, a hybrid regulated resonant mode power supply unit,
and so forth. Embodiments of the present invention are intended to include
or otherwise cover any type of the power supply unit 108 including know
related art and/or later developed technologies.

[0040] FIG. 1F illustrates components of the propulsion system 100,

according to an embodiment of the present invention. In an embodiment of
the present invention, the vehicle 102 may be having a vehicle body 110.
The vehicle body 110 may be made up of a material such as, but not
limited to, a steel, a plastic, an aluminum, and so forth. Embodiments of
the present invention are intended to include or otherwise cover any type
of the material of the vehicle body 110 including know related art and/or
later developed technologies. Further, in an embodiment of the present
invention, the vehicle 102 may comprise a vehicle user interface 112 that
may be provided to receive an input from a user by using interaction styles
such as, but not limited to, commands, menus, forms, and so forth.
Embodiments of the present invention are intended to include or otherwise
cover any type of the interaction styles including know related art and/or
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later developed technologies.

[0041] The vehicle user interface 112 may further assist the propulsion
system 100 in controlling the components during a throttling operation of
the propulsive capsule units 106 based on the input received from the
user. In such embodiment of the present invention, the propulsion system
100 may control the components during the throttling operation of the
propulsive capsule units 106 with different states of operation. The states
of operation may be, but not limited to, a throttling state, a vehicle off state,
vehicle on state, and so forth. Embodiments of the present invention are
intended to include or otherwise cover any state of operation. The
throttling state may be a maximum state, where a servo controller 116
may be in a working state, however the propulsive capsule units 106 may
not be able to harness the pressure energy due to conversion of a high-
pressure energy to a low-pressure energy. In an embodiment of the
present invention, the vehicle off state and the vehicle on state may be
explained in FIG. 1H and FIG. 1I respectively.

[0042] Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the

components may be the propulsive capsule units 106, a solar panel 114,
the servo controller 116, a vacuum pump 118 and a feedback system 120.

[0043] In an embodiment of the present invention, the propulsive capsule

units 106 may be removably attached to the vehicle body 110. In another
embodiment of the present invention, the propulsive capsule units 106
may be fixedly attached to the vehicle body 110. In an embodiment of the
present invention, a number of the propulsive capsule units 106 may
depend on an aerodynamics of the vehicle 102. In an embodiment of the
present invention, the each of the propulsive capsule units 106 may
comprise a servo motor 122 that may be rotated with a help of a servo
mechanism and may further enable the corresponding propulsive capsule
units 106 to utilize the pressure energy harnessed from the surrounding
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media 104 (as shown in the FIG. 1E) for propelling the vehicle 102. In an
embodiment of the present invention, the servo motor 122 may be, but not
limited to, a Direct current (DC) servo motor, an Analog Current (AC)
servo motor, and so forth. Embodiments of the present invention are
intended to include or otherwise cover any type of the servo motor 122
including known, related art, and/or later developed technologies.

[0044] Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the solar panel

114 may be fixedly attached to a top portion of the vehicle body 110. In
another embodiment of the present invention, the solar panel 114 may be
removably attached to the top portion of the vehicle body 110. In an
embodiment of the present invention, the solar panel 114 may be fixedly
attached at a back portion of the vehicle body 110. In another embodiment
of the present invention, the solar panel 114 may be removably attached
at the back portion of the vehicle body 110. In an embodiment of the
present invention, the solar panel 114 may be configured to receive a
solar energy from sun and may further be configured to generate an
electrical energy. The solar panel 114 may be configured to supply the
electrical energy to the servo controller 116 and the vacuum pump 118, in
an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] In an embodiment of the present invention, the servo controller 116

may be disposed inside the vehicle body 110. The servo controller 116
may be powered by the electrical energy generated by the solar panel 114
to control an operation of the servo motor 122 of the each of the
propulsive capsule units 106. The servo controller 116 may comprise the
power supply unit 108 (as shown in the FIG. 1E) that may be configured to
supply the power of a pre-defined voltage to the servo motor 122 of the
each of the propulsive capsule units 106. In an embodiment of the present
invention, the pre-defined voltage may be in a range of 4.8 Volts (V) to 6
Volts (V).
 Page 13 of 31

[0046] Further, the vacuum pump 118 may be disposed inside the vehicle
body 110, in an embodiment of the present invention. The vacuum pump
118 may be an air molecule extraction device that may be powered by the
solar panel 114 to extract air molecules breached inside a volume of the
each of the propulsive capsule units 106. In such embodiment of the
present invention, the vacuum pump 118 may extract the air molecules to
compensate a loss that may be occurred in a performance of the
propulsive capsule units 106. In an embodiment of the present invention,
the vacuum pump 118 may be activated to extract the air molecules based
on a feedback signal generated by the feedback system 120. The vacuum
pump 118 may be of any type such as, but not limited to, a diaphragm
vacuum pump, a rotary vane vacuum pump, and so forth. Embodiments of
the present invention are intended to include or otherwise cover any type
of the vacuum pump 118 including known, related art, and/or later
developed technologies.

[0047] Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the feedback

system 120 may comprise a pressure sensor and a control center. The
pressure sensor may be configured to sense an air pressure inside the
each of the propulsive capsule units 106, in an embodiment of the present
invention. The pressure sensor may be, but not limited to, an inductive
pressure sensor, a piezoelectric pressure sensor, and so forth.
Embodiments of the present invention are intended to include or otherwise
cover any type of the pressure sensor including known, related art, and/or
later developed technologies. The pressure sensor may be configured to
transmit a sensed value of the air pressure to the control center that may
compare the sensed value of the air pressure with a pre-set range. The
control center may be configured to actuate an operation of the vacuum
pump 118, in case the sensed value of the air pressure deviates from the
pre-set range.

[0048] FIG. 1G illustrates a structure of one of, the propulsive capsule

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units 106, according to an embodiment of the present invention. In a

preferred embodiment of the present invention, the propulsive capsule
units 106 may be geometrically engineered modules that may be of a
conical shaped structure. Embodiments of the present invention are
intended to include or otherwise cover any shape of the propulsive
capsule units 106 including known, related art, and/or later developed
technologies. Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the
propulsive capsule units 106 may be having an inner layer 124 and an
outer layer 126. The inner layer 124 may be made up of a polymer such
as, but not limited to, a graphene aerogel, a metallic micro lattice, and so
forth. The inner layer 124 may be made up of the aforementioned type of
the polymer due to their excellent properties of strength and super light in
density. Embodiments of the present invention are intended to include or
otherwise cover any type of the polymer that may be essential to apply the
fluid phenomenon to obtain the unidirectional propulsive force 128 (as
shown in the FIG. 1J) from the surrounded media 104 (as shown in the
FIG. 1E) including known, related art, and/or later developed technologies.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the inner layer 124 may be
having a thickness in a range of 8 Millimeters (mm) to 10 mm.

[0049] Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the inner layer

124 of the each of the propulsive capsule units 106 may be fabricated by
using a three-dimensional printing technique such as, but not limited to, a
hydrogel three-dimensional printing, a printing go technique, and so forth.
Embodiments of the present invention are intended to include or otherwise
cover any type of the three-dimensional printing technique including
known, related art, and/or later developed technologies.

[0050] In an embodiment of the present invention, a graphene oxide ink

may be stored in a jar for a pre-defined interval of time and further the
graphene oxide ink may be extruded from a nozzle of a tube into an
isooctane that prevents the graphene oxide ink from drying too quickly.
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Further, a solvent and a silica may be removed from the graphene oxide
ink to obtain a three-dimensional structure of the inner layer 124. The
three-dimensional structure of the inner layer 124 may be highly ordered
while maintaining a high surface area and a low-density characteristic of
the graphene aerogel.

[0051] Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the outer layer

126 may be wrapped around the corresponding propulsive capsule units
106. The outer layer 126 may be made up a non-porous material such as,
but not limited to, metal, stainless steel, and so forth. Embodiments of the
present invention are intended to include or otherwise cover any type of
the non-porous material that may maintain a required density balance
including known, related art, and/or later developed technologies. In an
embodiment of the present invention, the outer layer 126 may be printed
by using the three-dimensional printing technique such as, but not limited
to, a stereolithography, a polyjet three-dimensional printing technique, and
so forth. Embodiments of the present invention are intended to include or
otherwise cover any type of the three-dimensional printing technique
including known, related art, and/or later developed technologies. In a
preferred embodiment of the present invention, the outer layer 126 may be
printed in microns ranging from 10 microns to 50 microns.

[0052] FIG. 1H illustrates the off state of the vehicle 102, according to an
embodiment of the present invention. In an embodiment of the present
invention, the servo controller 116 may be in a non-working condition as
the servo controller 116 may not get the input from the vehicle user
interface 112 for initiating the vehicle 102. The non-working condition of
the servo controller 116 may enable the propulsive capsule units 106 to
remain in an idle state, which in turn represents the off state of the vehicle
102.

[0053] FIG. 1I illustrates the on state of the vehicle 102, according to an

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embodiment of the present invention. In an embodiment of the present

invention, the servo controller 116 may be powered by the solar panel 114
to actuate the servo motor 122 of the corresponding propulsive capsule
units 106. In such embodiment of the present invention, the vehicle 102
may get a motion under circumstances of the fourth condition (as
discussed above in the FIG. 1E) through a throttling position of the
propulsive capsule units 106. The fourth condition states that the force that
may be acted on the propulsive capsule units 106 must follow a Newton’s
second law of motion as defined in a below mentioned equation (1):

F = M * a -------- (1)

where F is the force, M is the mass of the propulsive capsule units 106
and a is an acceleration.

[0054] Further, the actuation of the servo motor 122 may enable the
corresponding propulsive capsule units 106 to utilize the pressure energy
harnessed from the surrounding media 104 (as shown in the FIG. 1E) to
achieve the unidirectional propulsive force 128 (as shown in the FIG. 1J).

[0055] FIG. 1J illustrates the components of the propulsion system 100

installed within the land-based vehicle 102, according to an embodiment of
the present invention. In an embodiment of the present invention, the
components such as the propulsive capsule units 106a-106d may be
horizontally installed over the land-based vehicle 102, to utilize the
pressure energy harnessed from the surrounding media 104 (as shown in
the FIG. 1E) to obtain the unidirectional propulsive force 128. In such
embodiment of the present invention, the obtained unidirectional
propulsive force 128 may be used to propel the land-based vehicle 102. In
a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the surrounding media
104 may be the land.

[0056] FIG. 1K illustrates the components of the propulsion system 100

 Page 17 of 31

installed within the marine-based vehicle 102, according to an

embodiment of the present invention. In an embodiment of the present
invention, the components such as, the propulsive capsule units 106a-
106b (hereinafter referred to as the propulsive capsule units 106) may be
horizontally installed over the marine-based vehicle 102, to utilize the
pressure energy harnessed from the surrounding media 104 such as the
water to obtain the unidirectional propulsive force 128. In such
embodiment of the present invention, the obtained unidirectional
propulsive force 128 may be used to navigate the marine-based vehicle
102. In an embodiment of the present invention, the marine-based vehicle
102 may be associated with a buoyancy force 130 that may be a force
exerted on the propulsive capsule units 106 that may be wholly or partially
immersed in the water. Further, in an embodiment of the present
invention, the marine-based vehicle 102 may be associated with a water
resistance 132 that may slow down a movement of the marine-based
vehicle 102 in the water. In an embodiment of the present invention, the
marine based vehicle 102 may also be associated with an apparent weight
134 that may be a weight of the propulsive capsule units 106 when
immersed in the water.

[0057] In an embodiment of the present invention, a first experiment may

be conducted, where two parameters such as, a horizontal distance
travelled and a time taken for covering the horizontal distance may be
observed. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the
distance travelled may be 0.6 meters and the time taken may be 0.143
seconds.

[0058] Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the acceleration

that may be achieved by the each of the propulsive capsule units 106 may
be calculated based on a value of the observed parameters. In such
embodiment of the present invention, the acceleration may be calculated
by using a below mentioned equation (2):
 Page 18 of 31

S = UT + (1/2) * a * T2 -------------- (2)

a = 58.68 m/s2

where S represents the distance travelled, U represents an initial velocity,

T represents the time taken and ‘a’ represents the acceleration.

[0059] Further, the force may be calculated by using the Newton’s second
law of motion as explained in the above-mentioned equation (1):

F = M * a ------------- (1), where

M is equal to the measured mass of the each of the propulsive capsule

units 106 that may be 35 grams and F is the force that may be acted on a
face of the each of the propulsive capsule units 106.

F = 2.0538 N

[0060] Further, a net pressure that may be acted on the face of the each of
the propulsive capsule units 106 may be calculated by using a below
mentioned equation (3):

P = F/A-------------------(3)

P = 2.0538/4*8.944

P= 0.018 Newton/Cm2

where P represents the net pressure, F represents the force and A

represents a surface area.

[0061] In an embodiment of the present invention, it may also be observed

from the first experiment that a lifting height may get increased with a
depth column of the water. In a preferred embodiment of the present
invention, the net pressure may be 0.018N/cm 2 at a depth of 0.6 meters
and 0.3N/cm2 at the depth of 10 meters that may be very less as
 Page 19 of 31

compared to an ideal pressure. Therefore, a second experiment may be

conducted to validate the first experiment.

[0062] In an embodiment of the present invention, the first experiment may

be validated by conducting the second experiment at the depth of 0.6
meters of the water to analyze a variation with various parameters such
as, but not limited to, a density, a volumetric capacity and the surface
area. In an embodiment of the present invention, the volumetric capacity
of the each of the propulsive capsule units 106 may be taken in a range of
250 grams to 2000 grams. Further, the displaced mass under a
submerged condition may be taken in a range of 250 Milliliters (ml) to
2000 ml. Further, the measured mass of the propulsive capsule units 106
may be taken in a range of 12 grams to 52 grams and a mass ratio of the
propulsive capsule units 106 may be taken in a range of 20 to 39. In a
preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of the
propulsive capsule units 106 may be taken as 20.38 that may be used for
calculation purposes.

[0063] Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, geometrical

parameters of the propulsive capsule units 106 may be, but not limited to,
a radius of conical end of the propulsive capsule units 106, a curved
surface area of the conical end of the propulsive capsule units 106, the net
pressure, the force, a ratio of the force to the mass ratio of the propulsive
capsule units 106. In an embodiment of the present invention, the radius
of the conical end of the propulsive capsule units 106 may be in range of
4.71 centimeters to 10.29 centimeters. Further, in an embodiment of the
present invention, the curved surface of the conical end of the propulsive
capsule units 106 may be in a range of 37.047 cm 2 to 161.63 cm2. Further,
in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the net pressure may
be 0.018 as calculated in the first experiment. In an embodiment of the
present invention, the force may be in a range of 0.67 to 2.91. In a
preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the force to the
 Page 20 of 31

mass ratio of the propulsive capsule units 106 may be 3.03.

[0064] Based on the analyzed variation in the various parameters, the

second experiment may conclude that if the density ratio is greater than or
equal to 20, then the water may start showing acting of the external
pressure of the water on the surface area of the immersed propulsive
capsule units 106, especially if the immersed propulsive capsule units 106
are of the conical shaped structure. Further, the second experiment may
also conclude that the fourth condition of the fluid phenomenon application
may be at optimum, if the ratio of the force to the measurable mass of the
propulsive capsule units 106 is greater than or equal to 3.

[0065] FIG. 1L illustrates the components of the propulsion system 100

installed within the air vehicle 102, according to an embodiment of the
present invention. In an embodiment of the present invention, the
components such as, the propulsive capsule units 106a-106b may be
installed horizontally over the air vehicle 102, to utilize the pressure energy
harnessed from the surrounding media 104 (as shown in the FIG. 1E)
such as the air to obtain the unidirectional propulsive force 128 for
navigating the air vehicle 102. In such embodiment of the present
invention, the unidirectional propulsive force 128 may be a thrust force. In
another embodiment of the present invention, the propulsive capsule units
106c-106d may be installed vertically over the air vehicle 102, to utilize the
pressure energy harnessed from the surrounding media 104 to obtain the
unidirectional propulsive force 128. In such embodiment of the present
invention, the unidirectional propulsive force 128 may be an uplift force
that may be capable to provide a vertical takeoff and landing capability.

[0066] FIG. 2 illustrates a method 200 of operating the vehicle 102 by

using the propulsion system 100, according to an embodiment of the
present invention.

[0067] At step 202, the propulsion system 100 may enable the servo
 Page 21 of 31

controller 116 to receive the electrical energy from the solar panel 114.

[0068] At step 204, the propulsion system 100 may actuate the servo
motor 122 that may be installed within the each of propulsive capsule units
106 through the servo controller 116.

[0069] At step 206, the propulsion system 100 may enable the
corresponding propulsive capsule units 106 powered by the servo motor
122 to utilize the pressure energy that may be harnessed from the
surrounding media 104 to propel the vehicle 102.

[0070] At step 208, the propulsion system 100 may sense the air pressure
inside the propulsive capsule units 106 by using the pressure sensor.

[0071] At step 210, the propulsion system 100 may activate the vacuum
pump 118 to extract the air molecules breach inside the volume of the
propulsive capsule units 106, based on the sensed air pressure.

[0072] Embodiments of the invention are described above with reference

to block diagrams and schematic illustrations of methods and systems
according to embodiments of the invention. While the invention has been
described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most
practical and various embodiments, it is to be understood that the
invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but on the
contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent
arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

[0073] While the invention has been described in connection with what is
presently considered to be the most practical and various embodiments, it
is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed
embodiments, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various
modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and
scope of the appended claims.
 Page 22 of 31

[0074] This written description uses examples to disclose the invention,

including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to
practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems
and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope the
invention is defined in the claims, and may include other examples that
occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be
within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not
differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent
structural elements within substantial differences from the literal languages
of the claims.
 Page 23 of 31

CLAIMS

I/We Claim:

1. A propulsion system (100) for a self-propelled vehicle (102), wherein

the propulsion system (100) comprising:

propulsive capsule units (106a-106n) attached to a vehicle body

(110) such that each of the propulsive capsule units (106a-106n)
comprise a servo motor (122) to enable the corresponding
propulsive capsule units (106a-106n) to utilize a pressure energy
harnessed from a surrounding media (104) for propelling the
corresponding vehicle (102), wherein a number of the propulsive
capsule units (106a-106n) depends on an aerodynamics of the
corresponding vehicle (102);

a solar panel (114) attached to the vehicle body (110), to generate

an electrical energy from a solar energy; and

a servo controller (116) disposed inside the vehicle body (110),

wherein the servo controller (116) is powered by the electrical
energy generated by the solar panel (114), to control an operation
of the servo motor (122) of the each of the propulsive capsule units
(106a-106n).

2. The propulsion system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the each of

the propulsive capsule units (106a-106n) comprise an inner layer (124)
and an outer layer (126).

3. The propulsion system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner

layer (124) is made up of a porous material selected from a graphene
aerogel, a metallic micro lattice, or a combination thereof.
 Page 24 of 31

4. The propulsion system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer

layer (126) is made up of a non-porous material.

5. The propulsion system (100) as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a

vacuum pump (118) disposed inside the vehicle body (110), wherein
the vacuum pump (118) is powered by the solar panel (114) to extract
air molecules breach inside a volume of the each of the propulsive
capsule units (106a-106n).

6. The propulsion system (100) as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a

feedback system (120) connected to the each of the propulsive capsule
units (106a-106n), to sense an air pressure inside the each of the
propulsive capsule units (106a-106n).

7. The propulsion system (100) as claimed in claim 6, wherein the

feedback system (120) is configured to actuate an operation of a
vacuum pump (118), in case the sensed air pressure deviates from a
pre-set range of the air pressure.

8. The propulsion system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the

pressure energy is harnessed by the each of the propulsive capsule
units (106a-106n) in a form of a unidirectional propulsive force (128).

9. The propulsion system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the

propulsive capsule units (106a-106n) are of a conical shaped structure.

10. The propulsion system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vehicle
(102) is selected from a land-based vehicle, a marine-based vehicle, an
air vehicle, or a combination thereof.

Date: Dr. Keerti Gupta

Agent for the Applicant
(IN/PA-1529)
Place: Noida
 Page 25 of 31

Title: PROPULSION SYSTEM FOR SELF PROPELLED VEHICLES AND

METHOD TO OPERATE THE SAME

ABSTRACT

A propulsion system (100) for a self-propelled vehicle (102),

wherein the propulsion system (100) comprising: propulsive capsule units
(106a-106n) attached to a vehicle body (110) such that each of the
propulsive capsule units (106a-106n) comprise a servo motor (122) to
enable the corresponding propulsive capsule units (106a-106n) to utilize a
pressure energy harnessed from a surrounding media (104) for propelling
the corresponding vehicle (102), wherein a number of the propulsive
capsule units (106a-106n) depends on an aerodynamics of the
corresponding vehicle (102); a solar panel (114) attached to the vehicle
body (110), to generate an electrical energy from a solar energy; and a
servo controller (116) disposed inside the vehicle body (110), wherein the
servo controller (116) is powered by the electrical energy generated by the
solar panel (114), to control an operation of the servo motor (122) of the
each of the propulsive capsule units (106a-106n).

Claims: 10, Figures: 13

Figure 1E is selected.
 Page 26 of 31

DRAWINGS

Name of the Applicant:

Application No.: Total Sheets: 6

No. of sheet: 1 of 6

Dr. Keerti Gupta

Agent for the Applicant
(IN/PA-1529)
 Page 27 of 31

DRAWINGS

Name of the Applicant:

Application No.: Total Sheets: 6

No. of sheet: 2 of 6

Dr. Keerti Gupta

Agent for the Applicant
(IN/PA-1529)
 Page 28 of 31

DRAWINGS

Name of the Applicant:

Application No.: Total Sheets: 6

No. of sheet: 3 of 6

Dr. Keerti Gupta

Agent for the Applicant
(IN/PA-1529)
 Page 29 of 31

DRAWINGS

Name of the Applicant:

Application No.: Total Sheets: 6

No. of sheet: 4 of 6

Dr. Keerti Gupta

Agent for the Applicant
(IN/PA-1529)
 Page 30 of 31

DRAWINGS

Name of the Applicant:

Application No.: Total Sheets: 6

No. of sheet: 5 of 6

Dr. Keerti Gupta

Agent for the Applicant
(IN/PA-1529)
 Page 31 of 31

DRAWINGS

Name of the Applicant:

Application No.: Total Sheets: 6

No. of sheet: 6 of 6

Dr. Keerti Gupta

Agent for the Applicant
(IN/PA-1529)