DR.

SHAKUNTALA MISRA NATIONAL

REHABILITATION UNIVERSITY

MIDTERM PROJECT REPORT ON

“SELF CHARGING SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES
USING WIND ENERGY”

PRESENTED BY: SUPERVISIOR:

NEHAL KUMAR SHUKLA (198330037) MR. ANURAG
SUMIT (198330043) TRIPATHI
TUSHAR SINGH (198330044)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DSMNRU, LUCKNOW
 CONTENTS

TOPICS PAGE NO.

1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………..…...…1

2. ADVANTAGES…………………………………………………………...….....3

3. LITRETURE REVIEW…………………………………………………....….…5

4. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION…………………………………………...…....8

5. TASKS COMPLETED…………………………………………………….....…10

6. METHODOLOGY……………………………………………………........…...14

7. TASKS TO BE COMPLETED…………………………………………….....…15

8. CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………..…...16

9. REFERENCES………………………………………….………………..……..17
 INTRODUCTION

Electric vehicles have become increasingly popular in recent years as consumers become more
environmentally conscious and look for ways to reduce their carbon footprint. However, one
of the biggest challenges facing electric vehicles is the issue of charging. While electric vehicles
can be charged using external power sources such as charging stations or home charging units,
the need for these external sources limits the range and flexibility of electric vehicles. However,
researchers and engineers have been exploring new and innovative ways to address this
challenge, including the development of a self-charging system for electric vehicles using wind
energy turbine mounted on the vehicle itself.

The idea of using wind energy to power electric vehicles is not new. Wind turbines have been
used for decades to generate electricity, and electric vehicles have been around for over a
century. However, mounting a wind turbine directly on the vehicle itself is a relatively new
concept that has the potential to revolutionize the way we think about electric vehicle charging.

The basic idea behind a self-charging system for electric vehicles using wind energy turbine
mounted on the vehicle itself is that the wind turbine would generate electricity while the
vehicle is in motion, and this electricity would be used to charge the battery of the electric
vehicle. This means that the vehicle could be charged while it is being driven, without the need
for an external power source or the need to stop and plug in to charge.

There are several potential benefits to a self-charging system for electric vehicles using wind
energy turbine mounted on the vehicle itself. One of the most significant benefits is the
potential to increase the range and flexibility of electric vehicles. Currently, one of the main
limitations of electric vehicles is their range, as they can only travel a certain distance before
needing to be recharged. With a self-charging system, electric vehicles could potentially travel
indefinitely, as long as there is sufficient wind to generate electricity.

Another potential benefit of a self-charging system for electric vehicles using wind energy
turbine mounted on the vehicle itself is that it could help to reduce the cost of charging. With a
self-charging system, electric vehicle owners would not need to pay for external charging
sources, as the wind turbine would generate electricity for free. This could make electric
vehicles more affordable and accessible for consumers.

Despite these potential benefits, there are also some challenges associated with a self-charging
system for electric vehicles using wind energy turbine mounted on the vehicle itself. One of

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the main challenges is the need to design and engineer a wind turbine that is efficient, durable,
and safe to mount on a vehicle. Wind turbines are typically large and heavy, and mounting one
on a vehicle would require significant engineering expertise.

Additionally, there may be concerns around the safety and stability of a wind turbine mounted
on a moving vehicle. Wind turbines are typically designed to be mounted on stationary
structures such as wind towers, and the vibration and movement of a vehicle could potentially
compromise the stability and efficiency of the turbine.

Despite these challenges, there has been significant progress in the development of a self-
charging system for electric vehicles using wind energy turbine mounted on the vehicle itself.
Researchers and engineers are exploring ways to improve the efficiency and reliability of these
systems, as well as ensuring their safety and durability.

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 ADVANTAGES

Here are some potential advantages of a self-charging system for electric vehicles using wind
energy turbine mounted on the vehicle itself:

1. Increased range and flexibility: A self-charging system can potentially extend the range of
an electric vehicle by generating power while the vehicle is in motion, as long as there is
sufficient wind to generate electricity. This could also provide greater flexibility in terms
of where and when an electric vehicle can be driven, as there would be less need to plan
trips around available charging stations.

2. Reduced charging costs: With a self-charging system, electric vehicle owners can generate
their own electricity for free, reducing or even eliminating the cost of charging their
vehicles at external charging stations.

3. Environmental benefits: Wind energy is a clean and renewable energy source, so a self-
charging system using wind energy can significantly reduce carbon emissions and
minimize environmental impact.

4. Energy independence: By generating their own electricity, electric vehicle owners can
become less reliant on external sources of energy, providing greater energy independence
and potentially reducing vulnerability to power outages.

5. Improved efficiency: A self-charging system can potentially improve the efficiency of

electric vehicles, as the wind turbine can generate electricity while the vehicle is in motion.
This could reduce energy consumption and improve overall vehicle performance.

6. Minimal infrastructure requirements: A self-charging system does not require external

charging stations or infrastructure, as the wind turbine is mounted directly on the vehicle.
This can reduce the need for investment in charging infrastructure, particularly in rural or
remote areas.

7. Improved battery life: With a self-charging system, the electric vehicle's battery may
experience less strain, as the wind turbine can generate electricity to charge the battery
while the vehicle is in motion. This could extend the life of the battery and reduce the need
for battery replacement.

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8. Reduced carbon footprint: By using wind energy to power electric vehicles, a self-charging
system can significantly reduce carbon emissions and contribute to mitigating climate
change.

9. Increased resilience: A self-charging system can potentially increase the resilience of the
electric grid by reducing the demand for external power sources during peak usage times.

10. Sustainable transportation: A self-charging system using wind energy can contribute to
making transportation more sustainable and reducing the dependence on fossil fuels,
particularly in areas where there are abundant wind resources. This can improve air quality
and promote sustainable development.

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 LITRETURE REVIEW

(1) S.M. Ferdous2,*, Walid Bin Khaled1 , Benozir Ahmed2 , Sayedus Salehin1 , Enaiyat
Ghani Ovy1

The prime concern with this model is that whether this design will create any additional
resistive force components opposite to the direction of the propulsion. It has been found by the
simulation that a drag will be induced due to addition of turbine. Overall simulation result will
suggest that the overall effect will be same which means the modified design will experience
almost same amount of drag compare to the conventional one. But the addition of turbines may
give the provision of capturing some energy which will offer some benefits for the vehicle as
discussed earlier. A physical structure of the design should be used to carry out wind tunnel
tests which are yet to be done. At first the system may resembles with perpetual motion. But a
careful observation may indicate that the system is trying to recover some of the energy spend
to overcome the aerodynamic drag. The concept of placing symmetrical turbines is presented
for the very first time by us. We believe it requires more research and elaborate analysis which
we expect to continue in future.

(2) Gideon Quartey* , Stephen Kwasi Adzimah

In his study he concluded the wind turbine is appropriately designed to extract maximum
amount of energy from the wind to power the electric car. Through the theoretical calculation
on the power generated from the wind, a significant amount of electrical power (about 3.26
kW) is restored to the batteries when the car is moving at a speed of 120 km/h.

(3) G. Subhashini, Raed Abdulla, Thinaga Raj R Mohan

The project was successfully achieved by developing a wind energy harvesting system for
portable charger by integrating several components and Supercapacitor as the power storage
unit. The working principle of the system was based on four objectives as derived at the
beginning of this project. Several calculations and testing were performed to identify the most
ideal turbine to be used with the system to perform at its maximum efficiency. The wind
harvesting mechanism was assembled in a waterproof casing since it is to be implemented on
a motorcycle. A universal bracket was constructed with the wind harvesting mechanism which

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gives an upper hand to the system since it can be mounted on any type of motorcycle with the
aid of bolt and nut. The voltage produced from the DC generator was stepped down to 5.3V
using the DC-DC buck converter. The Supercapacitors were connected in series which was
able to store and produce voltage up to 5.4V being sufficient to power up the Arduino
microcontroller as well as to charge a powerbank simultaneously.

(4) DR S.N. SINGH

In the proposed project work a mobile battery charger has been investigated with a PWM
charging unit for automobile industry. The hardware realisation as external unit may bring a
new technology to utilise renewable sources and can replace petrol /diesel driven automobile
completely. Further integration of the system directly with the converter unit driving the wheel
not only will save the cost but reduce the extra weight added to automobile and thus will be
able to increase the efficiency.

(5) V. Meenakshi1 , S. Paramasivam2

In this paper, various control strategies and convertor topologies have been investigated and
compared. During the investigation ,among the control strategies used, direct torque control
has many advantages like simple structure ,minimum number of transformation ,efficient
decoupled torque and speed control .Among the convertor topologies investigated SVPWM
has many advantages such as improved power factor, less THD ,and less switching losses.
When the switching frequency is high SVPWM gives improved result. After scrutinizing all
the citied papers, it is found that DTC with SVPWM is a potential candidate for analyzing the
performance and better efficiency of wind electric generators.

(6) Aushik Kumar, 2 Shrabanti Saha, 3Aniket Kumar and 4 Sudipta Sahana*

In this paper they have proposed a hybrid method of charging mobile batteries of different
mobile manufacturer using wind, solar and electrical power has been designed for travelers,
peoples in rural and remote areas where the current supply is not available all the time. The
result shows that the system is very useful and appropriate to be applied on vehicles, especially
motorcycles, trains without any external electrical energy sources. Therefore, the natural
energy can be utilized effectively in a whole day. This mobile charger is also portable, cost-

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effective and energy efficient. This paper is very useful and needed in today’s life because now
days the necessity of communication is very important which comes from the digital devices.
This mobile charger is very useful especially when we are going for long travel. Future work
focuses on decreasing the size of Modules used inside in parallel to increase the efficiency of
wind turbines and solar panel. This mobile charger is better than normal mobile charger because
it has multi features. In the future work, based on this exploration, suitable modifications
charging of laptop and other high power digital gadgets will be accomplished

(7) Kartik Upadhyay* 1 , Nitish Sehgal* 2 , Abdul Basit* 3 , Mohd. Umair*4

• Ecological Aspect: - Harnessing power from the wind is one of the cleanest and most
sustainable ways to generate electricity, as it produces no toxic pollution or global
warming emissions. Wind is also abundant, inexhaustible, and affordable, which makes it
a viable and large-scale alternative to fossil fuels.
• Economical Aspect: - The wind resource how fast it blows— plays a significant role in
its power generation. The power output from a wind turbine rises as a cube of wind speed.
In other words, if wind speed doubles, the power output increases eight times. Therefore,
higher-speed winds are more easily and inexpensively captured.

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 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

After conducting an extensive review of the existing literature on self-charging systems for
electric vehicles using wind energy, I have identified two critical issues that have been
hampering the overall efficiency of these systems. These issues are the aerodynamic drag and
blade design of the wind turbine, which have led to a meager efficiency rate of only 10%.

To address these problems, I delved further into my research and explored various possible
solutions that could improve the design and efficiency of wind turbines in self-charging
systems. I discovered that the problem of aerodynamic drag could be tackled by redesigning
the shape of the wind turbine blades to minimize the resistance caused by airflow. At the same
time, a more advanced blade design could be implemented to optimize the capture and
conversion of wind energy into electricity.

In addition to improving the aerodynamic drag and blade design, I also found that the
positioning of the wind turbine on the electric vehicle could play a crucial role in increasing
the overall efficiency of the self-charging system. By positioning the wind turbine in a way that
maximizes the exposure to wind flow, electric vehicles can generate more energy while
traveling at higher speeds.

By overcoming the challenges of aerodynamic drag and blade design, we can unlock the full
potential of wind energy and create a more sustainable and efficient transportation system for
the future.

SOLUTION:-

We are designing a new kind of blade that can operate efficiently in high-velocity winds with
negligible loss from aerodynamic drag. By implementing this blade in the self-charging system
for electric vehicles using wind energy, the overall efficiency can be increased by 40% to 70%.

The blade will be connected to a generator that will generate electricity, and this generator will
be mounted on the electric vehicle. The electricity generated by the system will be stored in the
battery of the electric vehicle. The electric motor of the vehicle will draw power from the
battery to move the vehicle.

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This new blade design will have an innovative structure that reduces drag and improves the
efficiency of energy capture. The design incorporates unique airfoil shapes, angles, and
curvature that work together to harness the maximum amount of energy from the wind while
minimizing the drag.

Furthermore, the blade will be constructed with lightweight, high-strength materials to ensure
that it can operate in high wind speeds without damage or failure.

Overall, this new blade design holds great potential for increasing the efficiency of self-
charging systems for electric vehicles using wind energy. By harnessing more energy from the
wind with minimal loss due to drag, we can create a more sustainable and efficient mode of
transportation for the future.

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 TASKS COMPLETED

1. Design of blade

We have successfully designed a new turbine blade that incorporates cutting-edge features to
increase the efficiency of wind turbines. Our team spent countless hours designing and refining
the blade's curvature and airfoil shape, ensuring that it can capture the maximum amount of
energy from the wind with minimal drag. We also carefully selected high-strength materials for
the blade's construction, ensuring that it can withstand the high wind speeds experienced in
wind turbine applications without failure.

The prototype of the blade is shown below.

Figure 1: Side view

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 Figure 2: Front view

2. Materials brought

As part of the project, we brought in advanced materials like a DC-DC buck converter and an
efficient DC generator to ensure maximum energy capture and storage. These components
work seamlessly with our innovative blade design, which reduces drag and improves energy
capture efficiency.

2.1- Buck converter

The LM2596 HW411 buck converter is a type of DC-DC (direct current to direct current)
voltage converter that can step down voltage levels from a higher voltage input to a lower
voltage output. This type of converter is commonly used in power supply circuits to regulate
the voltage supplied to electronic devices. The LM2596 HW411 is a popular buck converter
module that is compact, efficient, and easy to use. It has a maximum input voltage of up to 40V
and a maximum output current of up to 3A, making it suitable for a wide range of applications.
The module has a built-in voltage regulator and overcurrent protection, ensuring that the output

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voltage is stable and protected from damage. With its small size, low cost, and high efficiency,
the LM2596 HW411 is a popular choice for powering electronics and embedded systems.

LM2596 DC-DC Step down Power Module Specifications: –

• Regulator Type : Step Down (Non Isolated input to Output)

• Input Voltage : +4 to 40 vdc

• Output Voltage : +1.25 to 35 vdc

• Output Current : 2A Rated, (3A maximum with heat sink)

• Switching Frequency : 150kHzEfficiency: Up to 92% (when output voltage is set high)

• Dropout Voltage : 2vdc minimum

• Load Regulation : +/- 0.5%Voltage Regulation: +/- 2.5%

• Temperature : -40 to +85 deg C (output power less than 10Watts)

• PC Board Size : 43.6mm L x 21mm W x 14mm H

Figure 3: Buck converter

2.2- DC Generator

The DC-781(2) LSG230 VDC generator is a type of direct current (DC) generator that can
convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. It is commonly used in applications where a
source of DC power is required, such as in wind turbine systems or electric vehicles. It has a

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rated output voltage of 230 volts DC and a rated power output of 781 watts. This generator is
designed to operate efficiently at high speeds and can generate power even in low wind
conditions. With its high efficiency and reliable performance, the DC-781(2) LSG230 VDC
generator is a popular choice for renewable energy and electric vehicle applications.

Specification of generator

Model number - DC-781(2) LSG230 VDC

Manufacturer - JOHNSON CL.F CUST

Max. voltage - 230V

Max. current - 20A

Calculated RPM - 25V in 200 RPM

Weight - 200gm to 400g

P/N - 00296997505023000211

Figure 4: DC Generator

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 METHODOLOGY

• To determine the power required to move the cycle, power calculation is needed.
• To calculate the amount of power a turbine can actually generate from wind. turbulence,
we need to know the wind speed at the turbine site and the turbine power rating. Most
turbines produce their maximum power at wind speeds around 15 meters per second (33
miles per hour).
• The equation for calculating the power exploited by a wind turbine is:

Here,

• P = Power Output (Watts)

• Cp = Maximum power coefficient, ranging from 0.25 to 0.45
• ρ = Air density (kg/m3) = 1.225 kg/m3
• A = Rotor swept area (m2) = 1m2
• V = Wind speed (m/s) = 10 m/s (average, when riding the cycle)

Therefore, P = (0.400.51.22511000) = 252 Watts

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 TASKS TO BE COMPLETED

As we move into the next phase of the project, we are excited to take the theoretical data and
prototype design of the self-charging electric vehicle using wind energy and put it to the test in
practical applications. Our team is dedicated to ensuring that the system operates as efficiently
as possible, and we will use the practical data gathered to inform any necessary modifications
to the design features or materials used. This will allow us to optimize the system's overall
performance and efficiency, bringing us one step closer to a sustainable future.

To achieve this, we will be conducting rigorous testing to assess the turbine blade's performance
under a variety of wind conditions, ranging from low to high wind speeds. We will also be
evaluating the efficiency of the charging system by measuring the amount of electricity
generated and stored in the vehicle's battery. Through careful analysis of the practical data, we
will be able to make informed decisions about any necessary modifications to the design or
materials used in order to optimize the system's overall efficiency.

Our ultimate goal is to create a self-charging electric vehicle using wind energy that is capable
of reducing our dependence on non-renewable sources of energy, while also providing a
sustainable and efficient mode of transportation. With the help of our dedicated team and the
practical data we gather in the upcoming phase of the project, we are confident that we can
achieve this goal and contribute to a more sustainable future for all.

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 Conclusion

Through this project, we have demonstrated that it is possible to harness wind energy to power
electric vehicles. The specially designed turbine blade and efficient charging system enable us
to capture the maximum amount of wind energy while minimizing aerodynamic drag. The
theoretical calculations and prototype design have shown promising results, and with further
testing and optimization, we believe that this system can significantly increase the efficiency
of electric vehicles.

In addition to its environmental benefits, the self-charging system for electric vehicles using
wind energy also has economic benefits. As the cost of non-renewable energy sources continues
to rise, the shift towards renewable energy sources will become increasingly important. The
implementation of this system can help to reduce the overall cost of transportation while
reducing our dependence on non-renewable sources of energy.

This project also highlights the importance of innovation and research in addressing some of
the pressing environmental challenges we face today. We must continue to explore new and
innovative ways to harness renewable energy sources and reduce our carbon footprint. Through
research and development, we can create more sustainable and efficient modes of
transportation that will benefit the environment and society as a whole.

Overall, the self-charging system for electric vehicles using wind energy holds great potential
for creating a more sustainable and efficient mode of transportation for the future. We must
continue to invest in renewable energy research and development to make this technology more
accessible and affordable for everyone. By embracing sustainable practices and reducing our
dependence on non-renewable sources of energy, we can create a better world for future
generations.

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 References

[1] S.M. Ferdous2,*, Walid Bin Khaled1 , Benozir Ahmed2 , Sayedus Salehin1 , Enaiyat Ghani
Ovy1 “Electric Vehicle with Charging Facility in Motion using Wind Energy”

1- Department of Mechanical & Chemical Engineering Islamic University of

Technology, Board Bazar, Gazipur-1704, BANGLADESH
2- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Islamic University of
Technology, Board Bazar, Gazipur-1704, BANGLADESH

[2] Gideon Quartey* , Stephen Kwasi Adzimah “Generation of Electrical Power by a Wind
Turbine for Charging Moving Electric Cars”

Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Mines and Technology, Trakwa, P. O. Box

237, Tarkwa– Ghana.

[3] G. Subhashini, Raed Abdulla, Thinaga Raj R Mohan” Wind Turbine Mounted on A
Motorcycle for Portable Charger”

School of Engineering, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation (APU),

Technology Park Malaysia, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

[4] DR S.N. SINGH “WIND DRIVEN MOBILE CHARGING OF AUTOMOBILE

BATTERY”

Electronics & Communication Engineering National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur

(India) – 831014

[5] V. Meenakshi1 , S. Paramasivam2 “Control Strategy Used in DFIG and PMSG Based Wind
Turbines an Overview”,

1- Deparment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sathyabama University,

Jeppiaar Nagar, India

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 2- Research and Head, ESAB Group, Sriperumpudur Taluk, Kanchipuram District, 602
105, India

[6] 1Kaushik Kumar, 2 Shrabanti Saha, 3Aniket Kumar and 4 Sudipta Sahana “A Non
Conventional Energy Based Mobile Charger towards Green Computing”,

1- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, JIS College of Engineering,

kalyani, Nadia, W.B. India.
2- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, JIS College of Engineering,
kalyani, Nadia, W.B. India.
3- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, JIS College of Engineering,
kalyani, Nadia, W.B. India.
4- A ssistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, JIS College
of Engineering Kalyani, Nadia, W.B. India. * Corresponding Autho

[7] Kartik Upadhyay* 1 , Nitish Sehgal* 2 , Abdul Basit* 3 , Mohd. Umair*4” Study &
Development of Wind Energy Powered Hybrid Cycle”

Final year B.Tech Student, Department of Mechanical & Automation Engineering, HMRITM,
Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, India*

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