HHMI Small Molecule Diversity

Small Molecule Diversity Your Name:

Worksheet

Go to the following website http://media.hhmi.org/biointeractive/click/molecular_menagerie/01.html and click on

the slide show called “Small Molecule Diversity”. This slide show explores some of the ways scientists use
molecular models to study how molecular function relates to structure.. Go through the slide show, reading the
material in order to complete this worksheet.

1. A single covalent bond is illustrated using a: answer:

2. A double covalent bond is illustrated using a: answer:

3. The type of simple sugar found in blood is: answer:

4. What is the chemical formula of glucose? answer:

5. What is the chemical formula of fructose? answer:

6. What does fructose tend to be converted to answer:

rather than glycogen?

7. What is the chemical formula of sucrose? answer:

8. Sucrose is composed of two simple sugars that have been bonded together. What are those two simple
sugars?

answer: and answer:

9. What is aspartame? answer:

10. What is the chemical formula of aspartame? answer:

11. Two things happen when a caffeine molecule binds with an “adenosine receptor” on the cells of the
nervous system. What are those two things?

answer: and answer:

12. What is the chemical formula of aspirin? answer:

 13. Aspirin blocks the production of hormones called prostaglandins. Among other things, prostaglandins are
produced by cells to:
answer:

14. Ibuprofen causes similar effects in the body as does aspirin. But look carefully at the molecular structure of
aspirin and that of ibuprofen. (You might have to go back and forth between slides 8 and 9.) Describe in
what ways the two molecules differ from each other.
answer:

15. Acetaminophen is the active ingredient in: answer:

16. Acetaminophen helps reduce pain (an analgesic) and helps reduce fever (an antipyretic) but it does NOT
help reduce:
answer:

17. Cholesterol is hydrophobic and there is a: answer:

18. What two types of cholesterol are known for their involvement in heart attacks?

answer: and answer:

19. Testosterone is a natural: answer:

20. Estradiol is better known as the hormone: answer:

21. Both Testosterone and estradiol are synthesized from: answer:

22. DEET is the most commonly used answer: in the U.S.

23. Atrazine is one of the most popular ( a ) in the U.S. and is having a negative effect on ( b ).

answer a: answer b:

24. Penicillin is a common antibiotic. How does it work?

answer:

25. The discovery of Viagra was, basically, an accident. answer:

Scientists were actually looking for a drug to treat:

26. How was the antibiotic Rapamycin initial discovered?

answer:

27. Summarize, in your own words, the main idea(s) you see being presented in this tutorial. Your summary
should articulate the over-arching idea that connects the information presented to you.
answer:

End