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Mod 5 DRLG
Evan Jeannotte Wed Dec 05 17:20:04 PST 2012

What does casing primarily do?

-prevents collapse of the borehole during drilling
-protects the freshwater sands from contamination by fluids from other zones
-confines production to the wellbore

ERCB surface casing rules

-25m deeper than the depeest water well within 200m
- 10% of TVD

What does intermediate casing do?

-to protect weak formations or to case off loss circulation zones
-Seal high pressure zones so that low pressure deeper formations can be drilled at lower mud weights

Can wells be drilled deeper than 3600m without an intermediate string?

No

What does productionc casing do?

-isolates the producing resr from undesirable fluids in the producing formation and from other zones
-should be the best quality

Liner advantages over Prod casing

-provides a means of testing a lower zone at less cost compared with a full string
-shorter running time and hence less chance of becoming stuff off bottom

Are liners often cemented in place?

Yes, and sometimes suspended in the well without cement

Name at least two uses of casing string?

-Prevent hole from caving in and restricting the production to the wellbore

What is the major diff between a liner and a casing?

-A casing extends all the way to surface while the liner stops somewhere in the middle and is tied to another casing string(doesnt
extend to surface)

What is collapse pressure?

-when external pressure is greater then internal pressure

When does collapse pressure happen the most?

during a cement squeeze job

What type of loading and bending can happen in collapse pressure?

tectonic loading and excessive bending

Where is tension at the greatest on casing?

is at the greatest at the surface while non existent at the bottom of the hole

What is burst pressure?

when inside pressure is greater than outside pressure exceeding the internal yield pressure of the pipe

Where is burst pressure the greatest?

at the top of hte casing string b/c the external pressure is high because of hte high wellhead pressures

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Can tong marks cause damage and reduce burst strength?

Yes

What are the secondary forces on casing?

-Buckling stress
-Bending
-Axial Compression
-Torsion

What is tension?
the downward pull of the weight of casing on the pipe body and couplings

Where is the highest tension on the casing string?

At the highest point of the casing string

Where is the weakest part of the tension string?

At the connection

Name the 3 forces that the casing should be able to withstand?

-Tension
-Collapse
-Burst pressure

Which failure mechanism can result from a cement squeeze job?

Collapse can result from a cement squeeze job as it creates an area of high pressure differential

What secondary force acts while passing through a dogleg?

Bending force acts on the casing while passing through a dogleg

Burst pressure is the lowest of the following

-Burst P of the pipe body
-Burst P of the coupling
-Leak resistance of the coupling at the weakest PT

What are the 4 major regimes of Pipe collapse?

-Yield strength pressure
-Plastic pressure
-Transition pressure
-Elastic pressure

As a minimum, the casing burst pressure must not be calculated less than?
5 times the Total setting depth (TVD) of the next casing seat

What is the minimum Burst pressure for production casing?

-must meet an internal pressure gradient of 11 kpa/m times the TVD

What is a Leak off test (LOT)

-confirms the strength of the cement bond around the casing shoe to ensure no channeling

Why is a LOT test used?

It is conducted to find the fracture pressure (fracture gradient) of the formation

Procedure of LOT
1) close BOP around pipe
2)pump mud, increasing the pump P until formation break down
3)Stop pumping

What is a Formation integrity test (FIT)?

-FIT is done to test strength of shoe and formation to a maximum designed pressure

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Is there intention to break the formation with FIT?

No

Which test is carried out till the formation breakdown?

LOT is carried out till the formation breakdown

What is the most accurate way of determining the pressure gradient?

LOT is the most accurate way, b/c it is measured rather than estimated

What are the 4 considerations on which depth to set casing?

-Geological information
-offset well data
-Hole section summaries of similar wells
-Pore pressure and fracture gradient prognosis

What are the strategies on which depth to set casing?

-Set in a competent shale
-set in an unfractured limestone
-Cover weak zones
-Lost circulation zones

In horizontal wells, what is the casing depth strategy?

Set the intermediate casing string after build, then run liner

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