NAMA : Nuralifa Rezky Mustika

NIM : H01201080

KELAS : Matematika B

CHAPTER 19

NO 19.114

A piece of magnesium ribbon and a copper wire are partially immersed in a 0.1 M HCl
solution in a beaker. The metals are joined externally by another piece of metal wire. Bubbles
are seen to evolve at both the Mg and Cu surfaces

a. Write equations representing the reactions occurring at the metals.

b. What visual evidence would you seek to show that Cu is not oxidized to Cu2+?
c. At some stage, NaOH solution is added to the beaker to neutralize the HCl acid.
Uponaddition of NaOH, a white precipitate forms. What is it?
ANSWER

a. anode (Mg) : Mg Mg2+ + 2e- (also : Mg + 2HCl MgHCl2 + H2).

Cathode (Cu) : 2H+ + 2e- H2

b.

c. Mg(OH)2

No.19.115

The zinc-air battery shows much promise for electric cars because it is lightweight and
rechargeable:

1
The net transformation is Zn(s) + O (g)→ ZnO(s)
2 2
(a) Write the half-reactions at the zinc-air electrodes and calculate the standard emf of the
battery at 25°C.
(b) Calculate the emf under actual operating conditions when the partial pressure of oxygen is
0.21 atm.
(c) What is the energy density (measured as the energy in kilojoules that can be obtained
from 1 kg of the metal) of the zinc electrode?
(d) If a current of 2.1 × 105 A is to be drawn from a zinc-air battery system, what volume of
air (in liters) would need to be supplied to the battery every second? Assume that the
temperature is 25°C and the partial pressure of oxygen is 0.21 atm.

ANSWER

(a) 2Zn(s) + O2 2ZnO(s)

ZnO(s) + H2O(l) + 2e- Zn(s) + 2OH-(aq)

O2(g) + 2H2O(l) + 4e- 4OH-(aq)

b. we know the total of pressure is 0,21 atm, so :

(1 – 2x) + (1 – x) + 2x = 0,21

2 – x = 0,21

x = 1,79

P(Zn) = 1 – 2(1,79) = 2,58 atm

P(O2) = 1 – 1,79 = 0,79 atm

P(ZnO) = 2(1,79) = 3,58 atm

c. ρ= m/V

= 1/0,000140056=7,140kj

d. Anode : Zn + 4OH - → Zn (OH) 4 2− + 2e - (E 0 = －1,25 V)

fluid : Zn (OH) 4 2− → ZnO + H 2 O + 2OH -

Katode : 1/2 O 2 + H 2 O + 2e - → 2OH - (E 0 = 0,34 V pH ＝ 11)

Total : 2Zn + O 2 → 2ZnO (E 0 = 1,59 V)

The zinc - air battery cannot be used in a sealed battery holder because air must enter of
oxygen in 1 liter of air is required for every ampere – hour of capacity used.

NO.19.116

Calculate the equilibrium constant for the following reaction at 298 K:

Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s)
ANSWER
Given E Zn =−0,76 ¿ and ECu =+0,34 ¿
¿ ¿

° 0,059
emf = Ecell − log Kc
ncell
0,059
E°cell = log Kc
ncell

E°cell =E°c −E °a
= 0,34 – (-0,76)
= 1,1 V
0,059
1,1 = log Kc
2
log Kc = 37,29
Kc = 1,95 × 1037 ≈ 2 ×1037

No. 19.117

A construction company is installing an iron culvert (a long cylindrical tube) that is 40.0 m
long with a radius of 0.900 m. To prevent corrosion, the culvert must be galvanized. This
process is carried out by first passing an iron sheet of appropriate dimensions through an
electrolytic cell containing Zn2+ ions, using graphite as the anode and the iron sheet as the
cathode. If the voltage is 3.26 V, what is the cost of electricity for depositing a layer 0.200
mm thick if the efficiency of the process is 95 percent? The electricity rate is $0.12 per
kilowatt hour (kWh), where 1 W = 1 J/s and the density of Zn is 7.14 g/cm3.

ANSWER

3,26 × 0,200 × 95% × 7,14 = 4,422516

4,422516 kWh × 0,12 = 0,53070192

No.19.118
A 9.00 × 102-mL 0.200 M MgI2 was electrolyzed. As a result, hydrogen gas was generated at
the cathode and iodine was formed at the anode. The volume of hydrogen collected at 26°C
and 779 mmHg was 1.22 × 103 mL. (a) Calculate the charge in coulombs consumed in the
process. (b) How long (in min) did the electrolysis last if a current of 7.55 A was used? (c) A
white precipitate was formed in the process. What was it and what was its mass in grams?
Assume the volume of the solution was constant.
ANSWER
kQa kQb
a. EBA = EBC =
r2 r2
(9 ×10 9)(9× 102) (9 ×10 9)(1,22 ×103 )
EBA = EBC =
12 12
81× 1011 10,98× 1012
EBA = EBC =
1 1

EBA = 81 × 1011 EBC = 10,98 × 1012

b. M MgI2 = 0,200
Mol MgI2 = 0,200 : 22,4 = 0,009
Electron mol = 2 × mol MgI2
= 2 × 0,009 = 0,018 mol
i×t
Electron mol =
96500
7,55× t
0,018 =
96500
0,018× 96500
t=
7,55
= 230 sekon = 3 minute 50 sekon
c. 2.97 g Mg(OH)2.

No 19.119

To remove the tarnish (Ag2S) on a silver spoon, a student carried out the following steps.
First, she placed the spoon in a large pan filled with water so the spoon was totally immersed.
Next, she added a few tablespoonfuls of baking soda (sodium bicarbonate), which readily
dissolved. Finally, she placed some aluminum foil at the bottom of the pan in contact with the
spoon and then heated the solution to about 80°C. After a few minutes, the spoon was
removed and rinsed with cold water. The tarnish was gone and the spoon regained its original
shiny appearance. (a) Describe with equations the electrochemical basis for the procedure. (b)
Adding NaCl instead of NaHCO3 would also work because both compounds are strong
electrolytes. What is the added advantage of using NaHCO3 ? (Hint: Consider the pH of the
solution.) (c) What is the purpose of heating the solution? (d) Some commercial tarnish
removers containing a fluid (or paste) that is a dilute HCl solution. Rubbing the spoon with
the fluid will also remove the tarnish. Name two disadvantages of using this procedure
compared to the one described here.
ANSWER
a. NaHCO3 + Al2O3 + H2O NaCO3 + Al2O3
b. Baking soda or sodium bicarbonate is very similar to the sodium carbonate compound
known as washing soda. Baking soda can do the same for laundry. Baking soda is very
mild alkaline. These compounds can increase the pH of the water when mixed. Baking
soda can also be a mild antiseptic that will prevent bacterial growth. brighten the color of
clothes, clean linen clothes, remove crayon stains.
c. The purpose of the heating process is to make the sample reach the right temperature
quickly. A right temperature is not very important here, but the process of heating the
sample temperature quickly.
d. the spoon can rust and cause corrosion due to the use of HCl