A pleasant morning to all of you!

I am Jhoanne Calvo of BSA 1-1 and today I will

be presenting the Module 6 Understanding the Act / To begin with, Ethics deals with
questions like how a person should act, what people think is right, and how an individual
practice and uses his moral knowledge / As stated by Agapay (1991), / every minute of
man’s life, he acts and transforms himself and the world around him. / Actions
constitutes a person who is in control and accountable of himself.
It is important to know the difference between human acts and acts of man. /
Human Acts are the actions that proceed from the deliberate free will of a person and is
characterized as the free and voluntary acts of man / Acts done with consent and
knowledge / Acts which are proper to man as a natural being/ and Acts which our
conscious and under our control / Meanwhile, Acts of man are actions that are naturally
done by man such that they are morally indifferent since we cannot judge them to be
ethical or not.
Human Acts possess three following characteristics namely knowledge, free will,
and voluntariness / Firstly, doing an act with knowledge makes it deliberate in a way
that the agent is aware of the consequences / Next is Free Will, the idea that we are
free agents enables us to act as we please that makes us accountable for our actions. /
And the last one is voluntariness; / it requires the presence of knowledge and freedom
to the agent thus making the voluntary act willful as well.
The morality of the human acts is concerned with the knowingly chosen acts of
human persons. / These come from three sources which are intention, moral object, and
circumstances. / The intention is the purpose in which the act is chosen. / While the
moral object is the act itself. / And circumstances are the good and bad consequences
of the act.
The modifiers of Human Act are the factors that influence man’s inner disposition
towards certain action. / First is Ignorance, it is the absence of knowledge which a
person ought to possess. / It is divided into two: Vincible and Invincible. / Invincible
ignorance renders an act involuntarily while vincible ignorance is easily reminded
through ordinary diligence and reasonable efforts. / Next is Passion, these are the
tendencies towards desirable objects. / There are also types of passion, the antecedent
and consequent passion. / Antecedent passion are those that predispose a person to
act whereas consequent passion are those that are intentionally arouse and kept. /
Another modifier is Fear, it is the disturbance of the mind of a person who is confronted
by an impending danger. / Grave fear is aroused by the presence of serious danger
however slight fear is the opposite. / Additionally, there is violence, these refers to any
physical force exerted on a person by another person which are divided into four types
namely perfect violence, / physically perfect violence, in which all possible effort of
resisting is utilized / morally perfect violence, in which all powers of resistance should be
used but not employed for a good reason / and imperfect violence in which some
resistance is shown but not as much as should be. / Last but not the least is habits or
simply the repeated actions done by the agent is lasting readiness and facility, born of
frequently repeated acts, for acting in a certain manner. / Principles of habits states that
actions done by force or habit are voluntarily in cause, unless a reasonable effort is
made to counteract the habitual inclination.
In conclusion, to be moral is to be human and to be human is to be moral. We
must use our freedom wisely in order to make the right choices because every action
we make, matters and can always make difference.