Department Of Mechatronics

Engg

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 MTS-419 Manufacturing
Automation

Lecture # 12.1
Numerical Control (NC), CNC

Nasir Rashid, PhD (Department of Mechatronics Engg)

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 MTS-419 Manufacturing
Automation

Part – I Numerical Control (NC), CNC

Part - II Part Programming

Nasir Rashid, PhD (Department of Mechatronics Engg)

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 MTS-419 Manufacturing
Automation

Part – I Numerical Control (NC), CNC

Nasir Rashid, PhD (Department of Mechatronics Engg)

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 MTS-419 Manufacturing Automation

• Numerical Control
• Form of programmable automation in which the mechanical
actions of a machine tool or other equipment are controlled
by a program containing coded alphanumeric data
• The alphanumeric data represent relative positions
between a workhead (e.g., cutting tool) and a workpart
• When the current job is completed, a new program can be
entered for the next job

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 MTS-419 Manufacturing Automation

• Numerical Control
• It can be applied to wide variety of Processes
• Machine tool applications such as drilling, milling, turning
and other metal work
• Non-machine tool applications such as assembly, drafting
and inspection

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 MTS-419 Manufacturing Automation

• Basic Concept of a NC System

• Program of instructions
• Part program in machining
• Machine control unit
• Controls the process
• Processing equipment
• Performs the process

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 MTS-419 Manufacturing Automation

• Basic Concept of a NC System

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 MTS-419 Manufacturing Automation

• NC Coordinate System
• For flat and prismatic (block-like) parts
• Milling and drilling operations
• Conventional Cartesian coordinate system
• Rotational axes about each linear axis
• Right hand rule

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 MTS-419 Manufacturing Automation

• NC Coordinate System

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• NC Coordinate System
• For rotational parts
• Turning operations
• Conventional Cartesian coordinate system, but only x- and z-axes
• y-axis not needed in turning

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 MTS-419 Manufacturing Automation

• NC Coordinate System

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 MTS-419 Manufacturing Automation

• 3 Axis Mill

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 MTS-419 Manufacturing Automation

• 5 Axis Mill

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 MTS-419 Manufacturing Automation

• 5 Axis Milling Machine

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 MTS-419 Manufacturing Automation

• Reading Assignment
• How many axes the conventional lathe machine has?

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 MTS-419 Manufacturing Automation

• Motion Control System

• Point-to-Point systems
• Also called position systems
• System moves to a location and performs an operation at that
location (e.g., drilling)
• Also applicable in robotics
• Continuous path systems
• Also called contouring systems in machining
• System performs an operation during movement (e.g., milling and
turning)

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 MTS-419 Manufacturing Automation

• Motion Control System

• Point-to-Point systems

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 MTS-419 Manufacturing Automation

• Motion Control System

• Continuous path systems

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 MTS-419 Manufacturing Automation

• Interpolation Methods
• Linear interpolation
• Straight line between two points in space
• Circular interpolation
• Circular arc defined by starting point, end point, center or radius,
and direction

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 MTS-419 Manufacturing Automation

• Absolute and Incremental Positioning

• Absolute positioning
• Locations defined relative to origin of axis system
• Incremental positioning
• Locations defined relative to previous position
• Example: drilling

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 MTS-419 Manufacturing Automation

• Absolute and Incremental Positioning

The workhead is presently at
point (20, 20) and is to be
moved to point (40, 50)
▪ In absolute positioning, the
move is specified by x = 40, y
= 50
▪ In incremental positioning,
the move is specified by x =
20, y = 30.

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 MTS-419 Manufacturing Automation

• Computer Numerical Control

• CNC is defined as an NC system whose Machine
Control Unit (MCU) is based on dedicated
microcomputer rather than a hard wired controller

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 MTS-419 Manufacturing Automation
• Additional Features of Computer Numerical Control
Machines
• Storage of more than one part program
• Various forms of program input
• Program editing at the machine tool
• Fixed cycles and programming subroutines
• Interpolation
• Acceleration and deceleration computations
• Communications interface

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 MTS-419 Manufacturing Automation

• Computer Numerical Control

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 MTS-419 Manufacturing Automation

• CNC Machining Operations

• Turning

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 MTS-419 Manufacturing Automation

• CNC Machining Operations

• Drilling •Milling

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 MTS-419 Manufacturing Automation

• Reading Assignment
• 7.3.1 Machine Tool Applications

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 MTS-419 Manufacturing Automation

• CNC Application Characteristics

•Where NC is most appropriate
•Batch production
•Repeat orders
•Complex part geometries
• Much metal needs to be removed from the starting
workpart
•Many separate machining operations on the part
•The part is expensive
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 MTS-419 Manufacturing Automation
• Advantages of CNC
• Nonproductive time is reduced
• Greater accuracy and repeatability
• Lower scrap rates
• Inspection requirements are reduced
• More complex part geometries are possible
• Engineering changes are easier to make
• Simpler fixtures
• Shorter lead times
• Operator skill-level requirements are reduced

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 MTS-419 Manufacturing Automation

• Disadvantages of CNC
• Higher investment cost
• CNC machines are more expensive
• Higher maintenance effort
• CNC machines are more technologically sophisticated
• Part programming issues
• Need for skilled programmers
• Time investment for each new part
• Higher utilization is required
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MTS-419 Manufacturing Automation

Thank You

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