Q.

1 What is a Census, when was the last one undertaken in Australia and where can you find the rights
of the information that was gathered?

Ans. A census is a process of collecting and recording information about the members of a population.
We mostly use this term for national population and housing population. We can also use this term for
business, agriculture or any other group of people. The origin of word Census is Latin. In the Roman
Republic, the census was a list that contained all adult males who were fit for the army. But in the
present age, the census is the number of people living in a country. The last census was undertaken in
Australia at 9 Aug. 2016. We can collect the information or counting of the people within the boundaries
of the country.

Q.2 What is Market Research?

Ans. Market research is the process of collecting information which helps us to find out if there is a
market for your proposed product or service. The market research helps us to make us wise and
profitable decisions in our business. The basic principle for a successful business is to understand the
demand of customers and how can you profitably fulfill its demand. Sometimes, the enterprisers know
the demand of the people but they do not ask them how they want their demand. In this way, the
enterprisers suffer loss.

Q.3 Describe the 4 different methods of collecting information.

Ans. There are several ways of collecting information. Four of them are given below:

1. Observations: In this method observers directly collect the information from the market.

Practically, observers not only collect direct information but also conduct interviews and surveys using
questionnaires. This task for the observer is difficult, therefore, proper training and supervision is
essential.

2. Interviews:

In this method information is obtained through inquiry and recorded by enumerators. Interviews are
recorded as notes while talking with the respondents. It is hard job, it needs well trained interviewers.
Even the best attempt of designer cannot expect all possible respondent explanations. A small-scale test
before actual use for data collection will assure better data and avoid wasting time and money.

3. Surveys: It is a good way of collecting a large amount of data. Surveys can be conducted by
electronically, by telephone, by mail or face to face.

Advantages: This method is relatively cheaper. One can conduct survey for many people

in one time, therefore it saves the time also.

Disadvantage: It is difficult to get much detail.

Sometimes difficult to get correct

addresses.
May be problems with interpreting

questions.

Sometimes a problem getting surveys completed and returned.

4. Secondary research:

In this method one can collect information by using information that others have gathered already
through primary research.

Advantages

1. The information already exists and is readily available.

2. It is quick & cheaper.

Limitations

1. The information collected in primary research may lacks specificity or may not exactly match to our
questions.

2. Some external secondary data may be of suspect quality or outdated.

3. In developing countries, Information is not enough due to the lack of primary research conducted in
unpopular markets or due to strict media control.

Q.4 In relation to research and analysis of information, briefly explain what is meant by the term Key
Verifying?

Ans. Key Verifying:

Key Verifying is also called Verification or Data Entry Verification. In market research, key verifying is a
process in which two individuals enter identical data to prepare it for processing and analysis.

For paper questionnaires, the answers are entered into a data file twice, the second time by a different
data entry person. The two data files are then checked against each other. Differences are resolved by
checking the source questionnaire.

Q.5 In relation to research and analysis of information, briefly explain what is meant by the term Data
processing?

Ans. Data processing:

Data initially obtained must be processed or organized for analysis. For example, information obtained
may be placed into rows and columns in a table format for further process.
Q.6 In relation to research and analysis of information, briefly explain what is meant by the term
Validation?

Ans. Validation is the process in which the data undergoes in cleansing process to ensure that we have
data quality, that is correct and useful.

Q.7 In relation to research and analysis of information, briefly explain what is meant by the term
Judgement sample?

Ans. Judgment sample is a type of arranged sample which is selected based on the opinion of an expert.

In other words, the investigator chooses only those sample items which he feels to be the best
representative of the population with regard to the attributes or characteristics under investigation.

Q.8 In relation to research and analysis of information, briefly explain what is meant by the Boolean
Operators?

Ans.

Boolean operators are the words "AND", "OR" and "NOT". These words are used when combining
descriptive keywords from the information between two or more concepts.

AND:

We use the term AND when combining descriptive keywords from the information between two or
more concepts. For example, we are talking about the people and the business, we will search for
people AND business. The term AND narrows the search.

OR:

OR tells that any of the words that connect the information is acceptable.

This term is helpful when you are accepting one the choices, such as “death penalty” OR “capital
punishment.” The term broadens the search.

NOT:

NOT narrows your search. Use NOT to exclude from your search results.

For example: Be rich NOT the poor.

Q.9 In relation to research and analysis of information, briefly explain what is meant by the term
Ethnography?

Ans. Meaning & Definition: Ethnography is derived from the two Greek words - ethnos means "people,
folk, the nation" and graph means "I write". Therefore Ethnography means the study of people and
cultures in a systematic way. An ethnography represents the way how a group of people live and tells us
about their culture in writing and as graphically. Some of the ethnography groups are Life history,
confessional ethnography, realist ethnography, feminist and critical ethnography.

Q.10 In relation to research and analysis of information, briefly explain what is meant by the Semiotics.

Ans. In Greek the word semiotics means sign. People also use other names like semeiology or
semasiology for semiotics. It is actually the study of symbols and signs. Semiotician is the person who
practices signs or symbols for communication. Signs can be in the form of gestures, images, objects,
words, sounds.

Q.11 In relation to research and analysis of information, briefly explain what is meant by the term Focus
group? Ans. Focus group is a union of 8 to 12 people who are collecting the same information or solving
the same problem. These people come together to discuss an already chosen topic. They analyze and
get an opinion of one another on a specific topic for research. Companies use focus groups to collect the
information, reviews or feedbacks to change the quality or appearance of the company. They use that
information for the improvement of the product.

Q.12 In relation to research and analysis of information, briefly explain what is meant by the term
Mean?

Ans. When we analyze the pieces of information collected, one of the techniques to find the average
results is to find its mean. Mean is the average of numbers or the information. The term mean is used to
describe the central tendency of a large data.

Q.13 In relation to research and analysis of information, briefly explain what is meant by the term
Median?

Ans. If we set a group of some numbers from smallest to largest in a sequence, the median will be the
middle number of the set. If the numbers are odd, the middle number is the median. But if the numbers
are even, the average of the central two values will be the median. For example: in a set{1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7,
9}. The median is simply the middle number that is 5.

Q.14 In relation to research and analysis of information, briefly explain what is meant by the term
Geographic's?

Ans. Gathering and inspecting the information according to the place of the data source or customers
location. Geographic segmentation has a big role in marketing. Companies use the information to know
where they need to increase the advertisement and have more customers in a specific location.
Q.16 In relation to research and analysis of information, briefly explain what is meant by the Semiotics.

Ans. In Greek the word semiotics means sign. People also use other names like semeiology or
semasiology for semiotics. It is actually the study of symbols and signs. Semiotician is the person who
practices signs or symbols for communication. Signs can be in the form of gestures, images, objects,
words, sounds.

Q.17 Explain why you would use each of the three basic boolean operators and provide an example for
each. (100 to 200 words)

Ans. Why we use three boolean operators:

1. We use boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) to focus a search, particularly when our topic contains
multiple search terms.

2. To connect various pieces of information to find exactly what you're looking for.

Use of AND:

1. Narrow down the results with AND.

2. Represent the relationships between groups, classes, and sets

example: cloning AND humans

The common data in between the two set of information cloning and humans represent the result set
for this search. It is a small set using AND, the combination of two search words cloning and humans. It
narrows the result.

Use of OR:

1. The word OR connects 2 similar concepts.

2. It can widen your findings (synonyms)

example: cloning OR genetics OR reproduction

All 3 data show the result set for this search. It widens the results.

Use of NOT:

1. The word "NOT" is used to exclude anything in the search.

2. Limit the search results, and ignore some of the concepts that indicate your search terms.

example: cloning NOT sheep. It narrows the result.

Q.18 When might it be appropriate to use a focus group?

Ans.

We should use the Focus Group when:

1. We use the Focus group when our research needs, thoughts and feelings.

2. When we need brand preferences.

3. Explore consumer language, issues that you saw from survey research.

4. Understand decision process, factors.

5. When we want to describe through a series of steps.

6. When we want some friendly exchange of remarks between people.

Q.19 When might it be appropriate to use a Judgement sample?

Ans. Judgmental sampling is usually used:

1. When a small number of people are interested in the information.

2. It is the only technique for obtaining information from a very specific group of people.

3. When the researcher knows a reliable professional or authority that he thinks is capable of
assembling a representative sample.

4. When a quick sample is needed and you pick up a sufficiently representative as per your need.