International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)

Volume 8, Issue 10, October 2017, pp. 1304–1314, Article ID: IJCIET_08_10_133
Available online at http://http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=8&Issue=10
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316

© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

IMPLEMENTATION OF IOT IN SMART

IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING ARDUINO
PROCESSOR
V. VINOTH KUMAR
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering,
Vel Tech University, Chennai, India

R.RAMASAMY
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Vel Tech University, Chennai, India

S.JANARTHANAN
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Latha Mathavan Engineering College, Madurai, India

M. VASIMBABU
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
KKR and KSR Institute of Technology and Sciences, Guntur, India

ABSTRACT
In the proposed Irrigation system IoT is implemented, in this system all the information
that are received from the sensors and the various parameters are given to the arduinouno
microcontroller as an analog input. A preset value of soil moisture sensor is fixed in
microcontroller and also for fencing. When it goes beyond the particular threshold value
water is automatically irrigated to the crops and once the required amount of water is
fulfilled it stops. The Microcontroller transmits that information on the internet through a
network of IoT in the form of wifi module ESP8266 that is attached to it. This enhances
automated irrigation as the water pump can be switched on or off through information
given to the controller. This proposed Irrigation system is used to get the chlorophyll
content and nitrogen content of the leaf using LDR and Laser. This approach is for the
advancement of irrigation process by automatic method without manpower by measuring
various parameters related to the field and thus improves irrigation.
Key words: IoT, Irrigation system, Soil moisture sensor and Wifi module.

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 Implementation of IOT In Smart Irrigation System Using Arduino Processor

Cite this Article: V. Vinoth Kumar, R.Ramasamy, S.Janarthanan and M. VasimBabu,

Implementation of IOT In Smart Irrigation System Using Arduino Processor, International
Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(10), 2017, pp. 1304–1314.
http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=8&Issue=10

1. INTRODUCTION
In India, agriculture plays an important role for development in food production. In our country,
agriculture are depends on the monsoons which is not sufficient source of water. So the irrigation
is used in agriculture field [1], [7]. In Irrigation system, depending upon the soil type, water is
provided to plant [1], [2]. In conventional Automatic irrigation system based on ARMs and RF
module. All the system will be setup using ARM and RF module [1], [2]. The most important
factor of this system is RF module which is used to send and receiving the message to the
controller. This system used three nodes which communicate each other and irrigate paddy field
automatically [1]. The conventional Automatic irrigation system is to modernizing agriculture
technology by programming components and built the necessary component for the system. The
system is real time based and extracts the exact condition of paddy field [5]. There is one central
node used which to control other node [1]. The main function of RF module is to pass the message
to the node and operate the system.
In [2] ARM Based Agricultural Field Monitoring System using GSM is mainly focused on
modernizing the irrigation technology in agriculture and also to provide adequate irrigation in
particular area [6]. The set up consists of mainly ARM7TDMI core and GSM. GSM operates
through SMS and is a link between ARM processor and centralized unit [2]. ARM7TDMI is an
advanced microprocessor and forms the heart of the system. This project aims at modernizing the
agricultural technology by programming the components and building the necessary hardware to
automate farming [13]. This project is mainly used to detect the exact field condition as well as
weather conditions in real time. The information is given on user request in the form of SMS. GSM
modem is controlled with the help of standard set of AT (Attention) commands. These commands
are used to control majority of the functions of GSM modem.
In the design of a model an irrigation system based on wireless sensor network (WSN). The
user-controller provided with information from the receiver board (master) that transmits the
sensed data (as current parameter of the plant) through the transmitter board (slave) [3], [10]. The
receiver board AT89C51 used to a PC monitor via serial connection and forming a database for
future uses. Matlab/Simulink and Neural Network used for the control system to improve the
performance [14]. In the prototype design of microcontroller based automatic irrigation system
which will allow irrigation to take place in zones where watering is required, while bypassing
zones where adequate soil moisture is indicated [4], [11].
In [4], [5] it was proposed for home garden automation system using raspberry pi, Arduino and
xbee modules. Information given by the user through mail by python programming language.
Raspberry pi, Xbee used to control the system wirelessly for short distance. The water can be
dripped to the roots through tubes and solenoid valves. Raspberry pi serves as a pocket personal
computer with Linux operating system. In conventional method it involves the person to initiate
the process through email by creating an email account as irrigate for “X minutes”. And this
message is passed to the Arduino through raspberry pi. From Arduino the information goes to
relay. Based on the information given from the user the relay activates pump to switch on and off
condition. Through solenoid valve water from the tank is passed to the roots of the plants in the

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 V. Vinoth Kumar, R.Ramasamy, S.Janarthanan and M. VasimBabu

garden. The working scenario is explained in the above sections. So for a notification which is
only suitable for limited pots in the garden. And information cannot be viewed from anywhere
also.

2. PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE UNIT

2.1. Block diagram of proposed irrigation system
The block diagram of the proposed irrigation system is shown in Figure-1.The main advantage of
the proposed irrigation system is that it can send the information of a soil to the user through IoT
network for irrigation. Power supply is given to the circuit in the form of voltage or current. Here
soil moisture sensor measures the water content of soil and its output is fed to the amplifier, which
is used to improve the gain value. And this measured value is given to the Arduino uno as analog
input. And second input of the Arduino comes from LDR and laser. These two analog inputs are
converted to digital output values by Arduino uno.

Figure 1 Block diagram of proposed irrigation system

Humidity sensor and temperature sensor are directly connected to wifi module. To measure a
chlorophyll and nitrogen value of a leaf, a device is connected to wifi module and ultrasonic sensor
is also connected to it. The output from Arduino and wifi module is given to driver circuit and
server respectively. Based on the information given to the driver circuit the pump gets on when it
is required.
The ultrasonic is an evolutionary step from the sensor, and has been designed to increase
flexibility, increase range, and to reduce costs still further. Range is increased from 3 meters to 4
meters. A new operating mode (tying the mode pin to ground) allows the sensor to use a single pin
for both trigger and echo, thereby saving valuable pins on controller. When the mode pin is left
unconnected, the sensor operates with separate trigger and echo pins, like the sensor. The sensor

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 Implementation of IOT In Smart Irrigation System Using Arduino Processor

includes a small delay before the echo pulse to give slower controllers such as the Basic Stamp
and Picaxe time to execute their pulse in commands.

2.2. Measurement of soil moisture in Proposed Irrigation System

The is designed to measure the soil moisture content in the field so that it gives the accurate value
of soil moisture content in terms voltage. It contains two electrodes and a very little quantity of
plaster pairs. The gypsum material is used that shows water absorbing property, depending on the
water content in the soil the absorbing rate varies. The conduction through electrode varies with
content of water absorbed by gypsum and also there is a change in resistance of a conductor
depends upon the moisture content. In wet condition of field, its resistance become100K hence
the drop at the inverting terminal is less than at the inverting terminal. Hence the output from
comparator is -Vsat indicating normal wet condition. This output is fed to the PLC, it will not be
activate the relay. When the dry condition is appeared in the field, its resistance value is 10K
and thus the drop at the non-inverting terminal than that at the inverting terminal. Hence the output
from this +Vsat indicating a faulty condition. This output is fed to the PLC. It will be activating
the relay.
Humidity sensor SY-HS-2 is used with the module SY-HS-220 series which produces more
accurate and linear output voltage. In this proposed irrigation system the polymer humidity sensor
is used. The output voltage is directly amplified and given to the Wi-Fi module. The indicated
output voltage is proportional to the intensity of atmospheric moisture content. This sensor module
converts relative humidity (30-90%RH) to voltage. Simply the RH is the amount of water vapor
in the air at a specific temperature compared to the maximum water vapor that the air is able to
hold without it condensing, at a given temperature.

2.3. Measurement of Humidity and temperature in Proposed Irrigation System

Asitisan indicator of the likelihood of precipitation dew. Capacitive sensors are used in the
proposed irrigation system which has more linear response comparatively with resistive type of
humidity sensor. The sensor measures the relative humidity in the range of 0 to 100 percentage.
These capacitive relative humidity sensors typically uses an industrial- proven thermoset polymer,
three-layer capacitance construction, platinum electrodes, and except for high temperature
versions, some have on-chip silicon integrated voltage output signal conditioning. The AC
excitation is used, instead of DC, this method is used to prevent polarization. Table1. Shows the
typical value of output voltage with respect to its corresponding percentage of relative humidity.
The LM35 temperature sensor is used in the proposed irrigation system for sensing the
temperature. IC-741 Op-Amp is used as a differential amplifier which is the combination of both
inverting and non-inverting amplifier. The output of the amplifier is in the terms of mv. The degree
Celsius that is measured from temperature sensor are converted to mv that is one degree is equal
to 10 mv.

2.4. Measurement of Light intensity in Proposed Irrigation System

In this Proposed Irrigation System Laser light source is used and the intensity of light is measured
using Light Dependent Resister. These system is used for the development of chlorophyll content.
A device that generates an intense beam of coherent monochromatic light (or other electromagnetic
radiation) by stimulated emission of photons from excited atoms or molecules. IC555 timer is used
as an as table multivibrator mode, producing continuous waveform for transmission. The output
from this IC is given to the amplifier circuit and connected to the laser torch. Here the electrical

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 V. Vinoth Kumar, R.Ramasamy, S.Janarthanan and M. VasimBabu

signal is converted into light energy. The LDR is used as a light sensor to measure the light level
emitted from the laser transmitter. The output of this sensor is compared with a comparator circuit.
The output signal is given to microcontroller.
When LDR is subjected to light, its resistance become 10K and hence the droop at the
inverting terminal is less than at the non-inverting terminal. Hence the output from comparator is
-Vsat indicating normal condition. When the LDR is subjected to darkness, its resistance 100 K
and thus the drop at the non-inverting terminal is greater than that at the inverting terminal.
Hence the output from this +Vsat indicating a faulty condition light dependent resistor or cadmium
sulfide (CdS) cell is a resistor whose resistance decreases with increasing incident light intensity.
Thus the light information is processed in microcontroller then given to Wi-Fi module and then it
is transmitted through the IoT network to the user.

Table 1 Standard Characteristics of Humidity sensor.

Sl. No. %RH Output Voltage(mV)
1 20 0.66
2 30 0.99
3 40 1.32
4 50 1.65
5 60 1.98
6 70 2.31
7 80 2.64
8 90 2.97
9 95 3.14

2.5. Role of Controller Proposed Irrigation System

In the Proposed Irrigation System the Arduino Uno is used as a microcontroller board based on
the ATmega328.The main purpose of the controller circuit is to compare the preset values with
measured values and has to produce the proper output. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which
6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection,
a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the
microcontroller, simply connected it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC
adapter or battery to get started. This Uno board is the latest in a series of USB Arduino boards
and the reference model for the Arduino platform for a comparison with previous versions, It has
4/8/16/32K bytes of In-System Programmable Flash with Read-While-Write capabilities,
256/512/512/1K bytes EEPROM, 512/1K/1K/2K bytes SRAM, 23 general purpose I/O lines, 32
general purpose working registers, three flexible Timer/Counters with compare modes, internal
and external interrupts, a serial programmable USART, a bytes-oriented 2-wire Serial Interface,
an SPI serial port, a 6-channel 10-bit ADC (8 channels in TQFP and QFN/MLF packages), a
programmable Watchdog Timer with internal Oscillator and five software selectable power saving
modes. The Atmega328 has 32 KB of flash memory for storing code (of which 0.5 KB is used for
the boot loader). It has also 2 KB of SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM for good processing speed of
this proposed irrigation system.
A watchdog timer (WDT) is a hardware timer that automatically generates a system reset if the
main program neglects to periodically service it. It is often used to automatically reset an embedded
device that hangs because of a software or hardware fault.

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 Implementation of IOT In Smart Irrigation System Using Arduino Processor

2.6. Display system in proposed irrigation system

The ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module is used in this IoT based irrigation system for transmitting the real
time data of the field for irrigation process to the user through the IoT network. This Wi-Fi module
is integrated with TCP/IP protocol stack that can give a microcontroller access to Wi-Fi network.
The ESP8266 is used for either hosting an application or offloading all Wi-Fi networking functions
from another application processor.
The ESP8266 module comes pre-programmed with a default command set firmware, so that it
is simply hooked up to the Arduino device and get about as much Wi-Fi-ability as a Wi-Fi Shield.
This module has a powerful enough on-board processing and storage capability of data
involved in irrigation process that allows it to be integrated with the sensors which is used in the
system and other application specific devices through its GPIO’s with minimal development up-
front and minimal loading during runtime. Its high degree of on-chip integration allows for
minimal external circuitry, including the front-end module, is designed to occupy minimal PCB
area. The ESP8266 supports APSD for VOIP applications and Bluetooth co-existence interfaces.
It contains a self-calibrated RF allowing it to work under all operating conditions and requires no
external RF parts for this system.
The ESP8266 even instructions are used to transforming this module into an IOT (Internet of
Things) solution. This new version of the ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module has increased the flash disk size
from 512k to 1MB for effective communication with IoT module. LCD display is mainly used to
display the information in the irrigation system. 2x16 LCD is used in this system.

2.7. Controller Interfacing

In the proposed irrigation system the controller is interfaced with the various devices which is used
in the system.

Figure 2 Interfacing various devices to the irrigation system

The Module, interfaced to the system, can be treated as RAM (Memory Mapping), Input/
output, expanded parallel I/O (Input/output Mapping). Since there is no conventional Chip Select
signal, developing a strobe signal for the Enable signal (E) and applying appropriate signals to the
Register Select (RS) and read/Write strobe. The resultant signal, applied to the LCD’s Enable (E)
input, clocks in the data. The ‘E’ Signal must be a positive going digital strobe, which is active
while data and control information are stable and true. The failing edge of the Enable signal enables
the data/ Instruction Resister of the Controller. All Module timings are referenced to specific edges
of the ‘E’ signal. The ‘E’ signal is applied only when a specific Module transaction is desired.

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 V. Vinoth Kumar, R.Ramasamy, S.Janarthanan and M. VasimBabu

The read and Write strobes of the Host, which provides the ‘E’ signal, should not be linked to
the Module‘s R/W line. An address bit, which sets up earlier in the Host Machine Cycle, can be
used as R/W. When the host Processor is so fast that the strobes are too narrow to serve as the ‘E’
pulse.
When the Controller is performing an internal operation the Busy Flag (BF) will set and will
not accept any instruction. The user should check the Busy Flag or should provide a delay of
approximately 2ms after each instruction. The module presents to difficulties while interfacing
slower MPUs. The liquid crystal Display Module can be interfaced, either to 4-bit or 8-bit MPUs.
For 4-bit data interface, the bus lines DB4 to DB7 are used for data transfer while DB0 to DB3
lines are disabled. The data transfer is complete when the 4-bit data has been transferred twice.
The Busy flag must be checked after the 4-bit data has been transferred twice. Two more 4-bit
operations then transfer the Busy Flag and Address
In the relay section which contains relays and drivers. The microcontroller gives a logic high
output has to drive deliver the corresponding load like pump ON /OFF. Relays have unique
properties and are replaced with solid state switches that are strong than solid-state devices. High
current capacities, capability to stand ESD and drive circuit isolation are the unique properties of
relays.

2.8. Implementation IoT in proposed irrigation system

In the proposed irrigation system IoT (The Internet of Things) plays a major role. The purpose of
the IoT in this system is, it has to share the data to the users. Thus the IoT server is connected with
the Wi-Fi module. The information of the soil is transmitted to the Wi-Fi network through the
signal conditioning circuit of the various sensors. The IoT technoartista is the open source IoT
server through which the signal is shared to the user.
The physical information of the soil such as soil moisture, humidity, temperature are send to
the Wi-Fi, then it is shared to the user using IoT. The height of the crops and information of
chlorophyll of the plant is also shared to the user personal computer with internet connection or
smart phone. If the moisture content of the soil is lesser than the reference value then the command
from the user device is transmitted to the field section through IoT server then the irrigation system
is activated and the water is supplied to the field. Whenever it reaches the span value if moisture
content of the soil then the irrigation system is deactivated, that information is also transmitted to
the user. This is the chain process of this particular proposed irrigation system.

3. RESULTS
Figure-3. Shows the setup of proposed irrigation system. In which all the components mentioned
in the block diagram is connected to measure the real time values of the soil.

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 Implementation of IOT In Smart Irrigation System Using Arduino Processor

Figure 3 Set up of proposed irrigation system Figure 4 Real time parameters of the soil
Figure-4. Shows that the real time parameters of the soil that is the soil temperature, Humidity,
value of chlorophyll of the crop and height of the crop. Whenever the soil moisture is below the
span of reference value then the signal is transmitted to the user through the Wi-Fi module and the
IoT server that signal is received by the user device and the command is sent though the same path
and the corrective action is takes place.

Figure 5 Temperature and Humidity value of the soil displayed in the user device.
Thus after the signal conditioning process the value of humidity and the temperature of the soil
is transmitted through the Wi-Fi module of the proposed irrigation system and then it is received
to the user device through the open source IoT server technoartista. Then the real time data of the
soil and crops such as temperature, humidity of the soil and chlorophyll, height of the crop is
transmitted. Thus the humidity and the moisture signal is viewed by the user is in relative to the
time. Whenever the signal is deviated from the span of reference value of the proposed irrigation
system then the corresponding signal is transmitted to the field section by the user. Thus the
received humidity signal is relative to the time. The Figure-5. Shows the humidity value with

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 V. Vinoth Kumar, R.Ramasamy, S.Janarthanan and M. VasimBabu

respect to time, at a particular time the user can monitor the humidity value of the field area.
Whenever the humidity value is changes the proposed irrigation system responds the signal which
is received from the user.

Figure 6 Chlorophyll value of the crop displayed in the user device.\

Figure-6. Shows the value of chlorophyll of the crop with respect to time. In this output the
user can only view the chlorophyll of the crop. The chlorophyll value is in terms of voltage value
which is calibrated to the corresponding chlorophyll value of the crop, thus the 509 mV is the
average value of the chlorophyll of the crop in the proposed irrigation system

4. CONCLUSION
The proposed irrigation system for agricultural purpose can measure the Soil moisture, temperature
of the field and transmits the real time data to the user through the Wi-Fi and IoT server, if there
is any deviation from the span of reference value, then the user can send the command through the
IoT server to maintain the set point value of field parameter for a proper irrigation and proposed
IoT based irrigation system is better than the recently proposed other irrigation systems.

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