SPECIFICATION FOR ROADS AND EXTERNAL FINISHES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 General information 3
1.1 Project Description 3
1.2 Purpose of the Document 3

2 Definitions, Abbreviations and Referenced Documents 4

2.1 Abbreviations 4
2.2 Referenced Documents 4
2.2.1 Project Documents 5
2.2.2 Codes and Standards 5
2.2.3 Conflict Requirements and Exceptions 8

3 Drainage works 10
3.1 General 10

4 OUTDOOR FACILITIES 11
4.1 Gravel areas 11
4.2 Green areas 11

5 roads and sidewalks pavement construction 12

5.1.1 Subgrade 12
5.1.2 Subbase 12
5.2 Bituminous concrete layers 13
5.2.1 Mineral Aggregates 13
5.2.2 Mixing Plant 14
5.2.3 Laying of Bituminous Concrete 14
5.2.4 Bituminous Base Course 15
5.2.5 Wearing Course 15
5.2.6 Bituminous tack coating 15
5.3 Sidewalks 16

6 ROAD SIGN BOARDS 18

6.1 Material Requirements 18
6.1.1 Sign Panels 18
6.1.2 Reflective Sheeting 18
6.1.3 Metal Poles 18
6.1.4 Plates 19

7 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 20
1 GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1 Project Description

The Kurdish Regional Government has decided to transport crude oil via pipeline from
the Kurdistan Region towards Turkey in line with the raise of oil production.

The Kurdistan Crude Oil Pipeline (KCP), which will collect crude oil from several oil fields,
runs in the Kurdistan region from Khurmala to Fish Khabur where it connects then to the
ITP pipeline running through Turkey.

1.2 Purpose of the Document

This document provides guidance on the execution of road works in the Sarsang (HKN
Block Field) station The materials used are to be in accordance with the specifications
and norms and must have the required properties. The origin of individual materials must
be made known to the Client/Client's Representative. before commencement of work and
in the event of any changes.

Required quality control tests are to be performed early enough so that test results on
suitability of materials and their composition are available before work is begun.

The Contractor/Subcontractor is to bear all costs for tests, samples, and the provision of
all necessary equipment.

The Client's Representative reserves the right to have additional quality and performance
tests run at any time at the Contractor's expense.
2 DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS AND REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

In the document the following definitions were used. Their meaning is explained in the
table below.

Definition Explanation

Client HKN

Contractor KAR Group Ltd.

Engineer Razhan Sh.

Subcontractor Company employed by KAR

Third Party Any legal entity except the ones listed above

2.1 Abbreviations

In the document the following abbreviations were used. Their meaning is explained in the
table below.

Abbreviation Explanation

H&S Health and Safety

ACO Linear drainage

Ev2 Deformation modulus (static plate loading test) or strain modulus

of the second loading cycle for the bearing capacity

In Inch = 1/12 foot = 25.4 mm (Imperial unit)

Ft Foot = 12 inches = 304.8 mm (Imperial unit)

2.2 Referenced Documents

The works shall be done in accordance with the requirements of the referenced
documents and this project specification.

It shall be well understood that works shall comply not only to the referenced documents
but also with the ones referenced therein.
2.2.1 Project Documents

Document Title

Earthworks - Specification

Concrete-specification

Environmental and Design Conditions

Drainage and sanitary system

specification

2.2.2 Codes and Standards

For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest
valid edition (including any attachments) shall apply.

Document Number Title

Design Codes and Standards

ACI 351.3R-04(R2011) Foundations for Dynamic Equipment

IBC 2006 International Building Code

UBC 1997 Uniform Building Code

UFC 3-220-01N-2005 Geotechnical Engineering Procedures for Foundation

Design of Buildings and Structures

BS EN 1997-1:2004 Geotechnical design. General rules

BS EN 1997-2:2007 Geotechnical design. Ground investigation and testing

Materials, Testing and Works

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)

AASHTO M145 -91(2012) Standard Specification for Classification of Soils and Soil-
Aggregate Mixtures for Highway Construction Purposes

AASHTO T27-11 Standard Method of Test for Sieve Analysis of Fine and
Coarse Aggregates

AASHTO T85-13 Standard Method of Test for Specific Gravity and

Absorption of Coarse Aggregate AASHTO T89-13.
Standard Method of Test for Determining the Liquid Limit
of Soils
Document Number Title

AASHTO T90-00(2008) Standard Method of Test for Determining the Plastic Limit
and Plasticity Index of Soils

AASHTO T96-02(2010) Standard Method of Test for Resistance to Degradation of

Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in
the Los Angeles Machine

AASHTO T99-10 Standard Method of Test for the Moisture-Density

Relations of Soils using a 2,5kg (5,5 lb) Rammer and a
305 mm (12 in) Drop.

AASHTO T176-08 Standard Method of Test for Plastic Fines in Graded

Aggregates and Soils by Use of the Sand Equivalent Test

AASHTO T180-10 Standard Method of Test for Moisture-Density Relations of

Soils Using a 4.54-kg (10-lb) Rammer and a 457-mm (18-
in.) Drop

AASHTO T191-13 Standard Method of Test for Density of Soil in-Place by the
Sand-Cone Method AASHTO T193-13. Standard Method
of Test for California Bearing Ratio (CBR)

AASTHO T 222, American Association of State Highway & Transportation,

Standard Method of Test for Nonrepetitive Static Plate
Load Test of Soils and Flexible Pavement Components for
Use in Evaluation and Design of Airport and Highway
Pavements

AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures

AASHTO T267-86 (2008) Determination of Organic Content of Soils by Loss on

Ignition

AASHTO M 140:2013 Specification For Emulsified Asphalt

AASHTO T 40 Sampling Bituminous Materials

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

ASTM C127-12 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density

(Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate

ASTM C131-06 Standard Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of

Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in
the Los Angeles Machine

ASTM C136-06 Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and
Coarse Aggregates
Document Number Title

ASTM D422-63(2007) Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils

ASTM D698-12 Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction

Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort

ASTM D1140-00(2006) Standard Test for Amount of Material in Soils finer than the
No. 200 Sieve

ASTM D1196 Standard Test Method for Nonrepetitive Static Plate Load
Tests of Soils and Flexible Pavement Components, for
Use in Evaluation and Design of Airport and Highway
Pavements ASTM D1452-09 Standard Practice for Soil
Exploration and Sampling by Auger Borings

ASTM D1556-07 Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil
in Place by the Sand-Cone Method

ASTM D1557-12 Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction

Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort

ASTM D1586-11 Standard Test Method for Penetration Test (SPT) and
Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils

ASTM D1587-08(2012)e1 Standard Method for Thin-walled Tube Sampling of Soils

for Geotechnical Purposes

ASTM D1883-07e1 Standard Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio)
of Laboratory Compacted soils

ASTM D2113-08 Standard Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of
Rock for Site Investigation

ASTM D2166/D2166M-13 Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive

Strength of Cohesive Soil

ASTM D2167-08 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place
by the Rubber Balloon Method

ASTM D2216-10 Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of

Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass

ASTM D2487-11 Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for

Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)

ASTM D2573-08 Test Method for Field Vane Shear Test in Cohesive Soil

ASTM D2974-13 Standard Test Methods for Moisture, Ash, and Organic
Matter of Peat and Other Organic Soils
 Document Number Title

ASTM D3282-09 Standard Practice for Classification of Soils and Soil-

Aggregate Mixtures for Highway Construction Purposes

ASTM D3441-05 Standard Test Method for Mechanical Cone Penetration

Tests of Soil

ASTM D3550-01(2007) Standard Method for Thick Wall, Ring-lined, Split Barrel,
Drive Sampling of Soils

ASTM D4220-95(2007) Standard Practice for Preserving and Transporting Soil

Samples

ASTM D4318-10 Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and
Plasticity Index of Soils

ASTM D5434 Standard Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface

Explorations of Soil and Rock

British Standard

BS 1377 Methods of Tests for Soils for Civil Engineering

Purposes

BS 7263-1 Precast concrete flags, kerbs, channels, edgings

and quadrants Specification

BS 5930 Code of Practice for Site Investigations BS 6031 Code of

Practice for Earthworks Site preparation

It is the Contractor’s/Subcontractor’s responsibility to obtain the latest edition of all

standards and specifications referred to in this document, and familiarise himself with the
requirements contained therein.

2.2.3 Conflict Requirements and Exceptions

The Contractor/Subcontractor shall notify the Client / Client’s Representative of any

conflict between this specification, the Codes and Standards and any other specifications
included as part of the procurement documentation.

In case of conflict the following order of precedence shall apply:

a) This project specification

b) International Codes and Regulations
c) International Standards
Any exceptions to this specification and referenced documentation shall be raised by the
Contractor/Subcontractor and approved by the Client / Client’s Representative in writing.
3 DRAINAGE WORKS

3.1 General

Road surface water is drained via the horizontal and vertical slopes and seeps away to
drains. Where this type of drainage is not possible water seeps away to road inlets.
Water collected via road inlets and drains are drained off to a storm water system. When
necessary, ACO drain should be placed which collects water from the surrounding area.
More details about drainage system contains drainage and sanitary system specification.
4 OUTDOOR FACILITIES

4.1 Gravel areas

Areas around mechanical equipment and above ground piping shall be provided with
a 0-32 mm gravel mixture with a minimum thickness of 25 cm and a top of compacted
8/32 mm gravel with a minimum thickness of 5 cm.

For separating the gravel areas from the road 10x20 cm precast concrete kerbstones
shall be supplied and set into a lean concrete base. 10x25 cm precast concrete
kerbstones shall be supplied and set into a lean concrete base.

4.2 Green areas

Green areas shall consist of 30 cm thick fertile soil. Seeding shall be carried out on the
topsoil areas with high quality seeds.
5 ROADS AND SIDEWALKS PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION

5.1.1 Subgrade

Subgrade should have thickness of at least 60 cm. The best material available shall be
used for construction of the subgrade. Therefore samples of different types of material,
which can be found in the close vicinity to the construction site, shall be taken and
laboratory tests shall to be carried out.

The down mentioned requirements have to be fulfilled:

 All loose materials, debris, etc., shall be removed.

 The subgrade shall be compacted to provide an even surface free of wheel marks
and in accordance with the slopes and cross slopes given in the drawings (mean
deformation module EV2  80 MN/m² with a 700 cm² load plate; maximum of 2 mm
settlement under a 5-ton wheel load; tests shall be performed with the
"Benkelmann Beam").
 The finished surface shall not depart more than ±3 cm from the levels shown in the
drawings. The deviation from evenness must be less than 2 cm over a distance of
4 m.
 Subgrade materials are to be placed and distributed in uniform layers not
exceeding 15 cm in thickness
 The subbase shall be applied only after the subgrade has been accepted by the
Client’s Representative according to the requirements listed above.

 According to “Geotechnical Investigation Report for Sarsang Oil Pipeline –

Intermediate Pigging Pressure Reduction Station all materials below subgrade are
clay. Mentioned above requirements are prepared for such case.

5.1.2 Subbase

Subbase on should be placed only on accepted by Client’s Representative subgrade

layer.

Subbase on SPIT station should be placed only on accepted by Client’s Representative

existing layers which shall meet following requirements:

 All materials down to a depth of 30 cm below the subbase level shall be

compacted to at least 95% of the maximum dry density as determined by
AASHTO T-180 Method ‘B’ or ‘D’ whichever is applicable or correspondence
Relative Density as per D-4254-83 (ASTM).

Subbase should be made with gravel. Gravel material should be crushed stone 0-32 mm
mechanically compacted. The subbase shall be compacted to provide an even surface
 free of wheel marks and in accordance with the slopes and cross slopes given in the
drawings (mean deformation module EV2  100 MN/m² with a 700 cm² load plate;
maximum of 2 mm settlement under a 5 ton wheel load; tests shall be performed with the
"Benkelmann Beam"). Only a well-graded, sand-gravel mixture or else crushed rock shall
be used as subbase material. The material proposed by the Contractor shall be approved
by the Client’s Representative. The thickness of subbase is to be at least 30 cm.

The grain size shall not be reduced by compaction. The values given for the maximum
silt content shall be understood for material tested after compaction. The water content of
the material shall be regulated to achieve optimal compaction. All parts of the subbase,
shall have at least 103% Proctor density as determined by the modified AASHTO
compaction test.

When using round grained subbase material, the subbase surface is to be constructed by
adding angular (broken) material so that the surface is not damaged even under placing
equipment and mixing vehicles. The finished surface may not deviate from the levels
given in the drawings by more than ±3 cm. The deviation from evenness under a 4 m-
long straightedge may not exceed 2 cm. The deformation module (EV2) at the finished
surface has to be not less than 100 MN/m².

The subsequent layers of the superstructure may be placed only after the subbase has
been approved by the Client’s Representative according to requirements listed above.
After acceptance, no construction vehicles with the exception of vehicles delivering
bituminous concrete material shall drive on the subbase surface.

Weather conditions shall be taken into consideration when testing the load-bearing
capacity of the subbase. The compulsory values must be attained within one or two days
of drying, depending on the air temperature.

Sampling and testing unless otherwise stated shall be according to the standard methods
prescribed in the latest edition of the American Association of State highway and
transportation Officials (AASHTO) or standard specification and methods of sampling and
testing, provided in the latest version of American Society of Testing and materials
(ASTM).

5.2 Bituminous concrete layers

5.2.1 Mineral Aggregates

Mineral aggregates for bituminous concrete shall consist of clean, hard, tough, durable
and sound stones and grains of uniform quality, free of decomposable organic matter,
shale, clay clumps, and other degradable substances.

The aggregate mix for the bituminous base course shall consist of a maximum of 60%
natural gravel-sand mixture and at least 40% crushed material, and shall be tested for its
bitumen adhesion according to AASHTO T 40 as well as for its swelling properties by
soaking "Marshall Test" specimens.
 Mineral filler shall be stone dust produced from tough and sound rock material.

The content of swell-susceptible minerals may not exceed 3% according to AASHTO

T 40.

Fine aggregates for base courses shall be natural sand, but for the top course only
crushed, well-graded sand is permitted.

For the wearing course, multiple-crushed stones or rock fragments shall be used, which
shows a maximum of 25% wear when subjected to the Los Angeles abrasion test
according to AASHTO T 40.

5.2.2 Mixing Plant

The mixture shall be manufactured in a stationary or mobile mixing plant. The plant must
be equipped with hot screens capable of separating the aggregates into at least three
sizes.

Adequate dry storage shall be provided for mineral filler; provision shall be made for
proportioning the filler by weight.

Means shall be provided to ascertain the required percentage of bitumen fed into the mix,
be it by weighing or by volumetric measurement. Mixing temperature shall be 150-180°C.

The output of the mixing plant shall correspond to the quantity of bituminous concrete
necessary to keep the finisher travelling uninterrupted at constant normal speed. The
minimum capacity for each finisher shall be 40 ton mix/hour.

Hoppers for storage of finished mix shall be used with the stipulation that they are well-
insulated against heat loss.

5.2.3 Laying of Bituminous Concrete

The mix shall be spread by approved, self-propelled mechanical pavers. These shall be
capable of laying the mix in the prescribed thickness and shall be equipped with a spread
and strike-off operational system capable of producing a finished surface of even and
uniform texture over the entire paver operating width.

Before the mix is placed, the surface of the subbase shall be properly clean with air
blowers and then mechanically sprayed with bituminous prime coating amounting to
about 0.30 kg/m2.

Spreading temperature shall be 150-160°C, depending on the binder.

Joints shall be cut back angularly and to an even line and coated lightly with bitumen
before subsequent strips are placed.

Placing of further layers shall not be commenced before the underlying layer has been
approved and accepted by the Client's Representative.
 Immediately after spreading, the mix (temperature of about 125°C) shall be thoroughly
compacted behind each finisher by three rollers operating simultaneously. It is required
that one of these rollers shall be a self-propelled, pneumatic-tired roller weighing at least
12 tons.

Borders shall be carefully compacted and executed in true line of the road edges.
Irregular widening must be accurately cut off.

The course already laid shall be carefully cleaned prior to placing an overlying layer.

For satisfactory bond between layers, a bituminous tack coating shall be applied,
amounting to a quantity of 0.30 kg/m2 according to AASHTO T 40. Quantities of placed
mix shall be proven by weight bills or delivery notes.

5.2.4 Bituminous Base Course

The bituminous base course shall consist of a layer of 10 cm total thickness,

corresponding to weights of approx. 250 kg/m2 respectively.

The finished surface shall not depart more than 1 cm from the levels shown in the
drawings.

Maximum permitted deviation from evenness under a 4 m-long straight-edge is 1 cm.

5.2.5 Wearing Course

The thickness of wearing course shall be 5 cm. The combined aggregates must be 100%
crushed, well-graded material containing at least 55% multiple-broken aggregates of 2-11
mm in size according to AASHTO T 40

Special attention has to be paid that no exposure of aggregates on the surface of the
wearing course will occur.

The bituminous base course shall be cleaned carefully immediately prior to application of
the wearing course. A bituminous tack coating shall be applied, in quantity 0.30 kg/m 2.
Application of the tack coating and placing of the wearing course shall be executed only
on a completely dry surface.

The finished surface shall not depart from the levels and grades shown in the drawings.
The maximum permitted deviation from evenness under a 4 m-long straightedge, shall
not exceed 6 mm when placed on or parallel to the centreline or 3 mm when placed
perpendicular to the centreline of the roadway.

5.2.6 Bituminous tack coating

Immediately before applying the tack coating, all loose material, dirt or other
objectionable material shall be removed from the surface to be treated by power brooms
 and/or blowers, supplemented with hand brooms, as directed by the Client's
Representative.

The tack coat shall be applied only when the surface is dry, however for emulsified
asphalt, application may be made on a reasonable moist surface. Application of tack
coating shall be avoided in case of foggy or rainy weather. Prior to the application, an
inspection of the prepared surface shall be made by the Client's Representative. to
determine its fitness to receive the bituminous binder and no tack coat shall be applied
until the surface has been approved.

For satisfactory bond between layers, a tack coating of cutback bitumen shall be applied,
amounting to a quantity of 0.30 kg/m2. Quantities of placed mix shall be proven by weight
bills or delivery notes.

Asphaltic emulsions shall be composed of a bituminous base uniformly emulsified with

water and emulsifying or stabilizing agent. They shall be classified according to use as
Rapid Setting or Slow Setting and shall conform to the requirements specified in
AASHTO M-140. Asphaltic material shall be applied by means of a pressure distributor.

The surfaces of structures adjacent to the areas being treated shall be protected in such
a manner as to prevent their being spattered or marred.

Where no convenient detour is available for traffic, operations shall be confined to one-
half the roadway width at a time. The Contractor shall provide proper traffic control so
that vehicles may proceed without damage to the treated area. Work shall not be started
on the portion of the road not covered by previous application until the surface previously
covered has dried and is ready for paving.

Traffic shall be kept off the tack coating at all times. The tack coating shall be sprayed
only so far in advance of the surface course as will permit it to dry to a "tacky" condition.
The Contractor shall maintain the tack coat until the next course has been placed.

5.3 Sidewalks

Kerbstones 15/25 of precast concrete elements shall be supplied and placed on lean
concrete as per the typical profile before the bituminous paving is applied. The minimum
length of the curbstones shall be 50 cm. The joints may not be more than 1 cm wide and
shall be filled with cement mortar. The lean concrete shall be 35 cm wide and 15 cm
thick. The concrete is to be continued 2/3 of the way up the back of the curbstones.

On the edge of the sidewalk away from the road, curbstones 10/25 of precast concrete
elements shall be supplied and placed in the same way as the above-mentioned
curbstones according to the typical profile.

Between these two curbs following layers should be placed:

 Bottom layer – subgrade all in aggregate Ev2≥45 MN/m2 – 20÷12 cm thick

(depends on surface grade solution)
  Middle layer – subbase lean concrete C8/10 – 6 cm thick.

 Top layer – fibres / mesh reinforced in-situ concrete C16/20 paving

The concrete and cement mortar shall comply with the “Concrete-specification
6 ROAD SIGN BOARDS

This Work shall comprise furnishing and installing traffic signs, permanent safety devices
and post assemblies.

All sign faces and lettering shall be in accordance with Kurdish standards. Prior to
manufacture and fabrication of the signs the Contractor shall submit to the Client's
Representative. for approval detailed drawings showing letter sizes, traffic, symbols and
sign layout. The permanent safety devices shall consist of road posts and hazard
markers and shall be provided as per specifications, drawings or as directed by the
Client's Representative..

6.1 Material Requirements

6.1.1 Sign Panels

Sign panels for regulator, warning and informatory signs shall be manufactured from
aluminium alloy of 3 mm thickness.

The blanks shall be free from laminations, blisters, open seams, pits, holes, or other
defects that may affect their appearance or use. The thickness shall be uniform and the
blank commercially flat. Perform shearing, cutting and punching before preparing the
blanks for application of reflective material.

The blanks shall be cleaned, degreased, and chromate or otherwise properly prepared
according to methods recommended by the sheeting manufacturer.

6.1.2 Reflective Sheeting

Reflective sheeting used on road sign made of flexible white or coloured, wide angle retro
reflective sheeting (herein after called sheeting), and related processing materials
designed to enhance night times visibility. The sheeting shall consist of optical elements
adhered to a synthetic resin and encapsulated by a flexible transparent plastic that has a
smooth outer surface.

6.1.3 Metal Poles

Wide flange of 10 x 10 cm metal posts shall be fabricated from structural steel

conforming to the Specifications of ASTM A 283 Grade D.

In lieu of wide flange steel posts the Contractor may use tubular steel posts of minimum
internal and external diameters of 63 mm and 75 mm respectively conforming to the
specifications of ASTM A 501.
 All posts shall be thoroughly cleaned, free from grease, scale and rust, and shall be given
one coat of rust inhibitive priming paint and two coats of grey paint. Length of the posts
shall be such that their top flushes with the top of the sign penal, whereas bottom of sign
panel is at least 180 cm above shoulder level.

6.1.4 Plates

Plates shall be non-porous, smooth, flat, rigid, weather proof and shall not rust or
deteriorate otherwise.

It shall be cut with no sharp edges and with the corners rounded to a radius of thirty
37.5 mm. Any trade mark or other printing shall be carefully removed with liquid thinner.
 7 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

Please refer to document Environmental and Design Conditions.

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