Learner’s Activity Sheet in

Earth and Life Science

Q1
Minerals Around Us!
W1.3

Learning Competency:
1. Identify common rock-forming minerals using their physical and chemical properties.
a. S11/12ES-Ia-9

Let’s kick it off !

Directions: Observe the pictures below. Then using the Internet or other possible sources,
determine what type of minerals are present in each of the presented pictures in the table.

Object Types of minerals present

Pencil

Retrieved from:
https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/7456eff6-bd8c-
48e68378-64c287f41bb7
Smartphone

Retrieved from:
https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/33b8bf00-d8c9-
4e5db749-a090b5407d2c

Old coins

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 Retrieved from:
https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/822481ec-3e1a-4c9fa6fa-
aebd1c9a4026

Salt Field

Retrieved from:
https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/c6fda565-f10b-4f8790fa-
6e731a198115
Plastic Container

Retrieved from:
https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/9fda3b96-7293-
443aa55d-6d9b49c98597

Are you taking it?

Finding it out!
Directions: Identify at least 4 requirements for a substance to be considered as a mineral. Use
the table below.
Requirement Brief Explanation.
1.

2.

3.

4.

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 Hint: The International Mineralogical Association established certain requirements for
a sample to be considered as a mineral.

Mineralogy is the study of minerals. Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. Minerals can
be defined by the following…

1. Naturally occurring- It should be a product of Earth’s natural process.

2. Inorganic- Formed by Earth’s geologic processes.
3. Homogenous solid- Minerals should have definite volume and rigid shape. It includes
crystalline substance that are solid at room temperature. An exception to this rule is
mercury.
4. Crystalline structure – Atoms of minerals should be arranged in an orderly and
repetitive fashion.
5. Definite chemical composition- Minerals
Physical Properties of Minerals
Scientist identify common minerals by their physical properties.

1. Color- mineral’s color may change depending on the surface.

2. Streak- the color of mineral in powdered form. The sample is rubbed across a hard,
white surface such as a tile or streak plate to yield a streak of fine powder.
3. Hardness- the resistance of minerals to scratching. Frederich Moh, a German
mineralogist made a scale of 1-10 in increasing hardness.
Scale Mineral Chemical Formula
1 Talc Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
2 Gypsum CaSO4·2H2O
3 Calcite CaCO 3
4 Fluorite CaF2
5 Apatite C a5(PO4)3(OH,Cl,F)
6 Orthoclase K AlSi3O8
7 Quartz SiO2
8 Topaz Al2SiO4(OH,F)2
9 Corundum Al2O3
10 Diamond C
4. Cleavage- The tendency of minerals to break along planes of weak bonding.
5. Crystalline Structure- Orderly and repetitive arrangement of the atoms of a mineral.
6. Diaphaneity- The amount of transparency of a mineral. The ability to allow light to
pass through it. Primarily affected by the chemical composition of the mineral.
7. Luster- How light is reflected off a surface.
8. Tenacity- The minerals reaction to stress.
a. Brittleness- Upon application of stress the mineral turns into powder.
b. Malleability- Mineral can be flattened by pounding.
c. Ductility- A minerals ability to be stretched into wire.

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 d. Flexible and inelastic- Minerals are bent but the remain in their new position.
e. Flexible and elastic- Minerals are bent and the go back to their original
position.
f. Sectility- The ability of minerals to be cut into thin pieces by a knife.

Now do it!

Directions: Match the properties of minerals in column A with the description of mineral
properties in column B.

Column A

1. Sectility

2. Streak
Column B
3. Crystalline Structure. A. A mineral’s reaction to stress.
B. Can be obtained from rubbing a mineral in a
4. Moh’s Hardness Scale hardwhite surface.
C. Corundum is the second hardest mineral.
5. Tenacity D. Gold can be sliced by a knife while pyrite is not.
E. Repeating arrangement of atoms in a mineral.
6. Cleavage F. Minerals are able to be bent.
G. Gold reflects light back.
7. Malleability
H. Is dependent on the mineral’s surface.
I. Some minerals can be flattened upon application of
8. Color
stress.
J. Rocks can be pounded to produce powder like
9. Luster
substance.
K. Minerals to break along planes of weak bonding.
10. Flexibility

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Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The hardest mineral according to Moh’s scale of hardness is?

a. Diamond c. Gypsum
b. Corundum d. Talc
2. Gold can be sliced with a knife while pyrite can’t. What property of minerals explains this?
a. Ductility c. Cleavage
b. Sectility d. Streak
3. Pyrite is a yellowish mineral that looks like gold and is commonly called fool’s gold. What is the
property of mineral exhibited by pyrite wherein it reflects light and with a metallic look?
a. Streak c. Luster
b. Hardness d. Color
4. Rocks can develop fractures along planes of cleavage. What property of minerals is shown in the
situation.
a. Cleavage c. Fracture
b. Brittleness d. Streak
5. It is difficult to distinguish gold from pyrite (fool’s gold). What mineral property should be tested
to help distinguish the two minerals from each other?
a. Color c. Sectility
b. Streak d. Cleavage
6. It is the building block of rocks.
a. Atoms c. Ore
b. Minerals d. Soil
7. Which of the following doesn’t belong to the group?
a. Sectility c. Brittleness
b. Malleability d. Luster
8. Which of the following is not a mineral?
a. Talc c. Bauxite
b. Gypsum d. Oxidane
9. It it’s powdered form, the mineral hematite is reddish. Which mineral property is best described?
a. Color c. Streak
b. Luster d. Diaphaneity
10. The property of minerals to reflect light of its surface.
a. Color c. Streak
b. Luster d. Diaphaneity
11. Mineral can be defined as?
a. Organic mineral c. Homogenous Solid
b. Naturally occurring d. Both A and C

12. Which refers to a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure and
chemical composition?

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 a. Compound c. Mineral
b. Crystal d. Rock
13. The property of minerals that pertains to the solid form of a mineral due to the repeating
arrangement of atoms?
a. Crystalline Structure c. Luster
b. Density d. Streak
14. Diamond can be used as a drill and cutter in metal making industries. Which property of minerals
makes this possible?
a. Hardness c. Streak
b. Malleability d. Luster
15. Copper is used in electrical wiring. What property of minerals is being utilized here?
a. Ductility c. Luster
b. Hardness d. Malleability

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 Learner’s Activity Sheet in
Earth and Lif e Science

Q1
W2.1 KINDS OF ROCK

Name: ____________________ Grade Level: _________Section:

_____________ Most Essential Learning Competency:

• Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic (S11/12ES-Ib-10)

Let’s kick it off !

A. Anagram: Arrange the jumbled letters to create the answer of each item.

1. It is known as a “transformed rock”. MMPHICETARO

2. It deals on studying about rocks. TROPELOGY
3. Rock known for its layers. YRATNEMIDES
4. It is formed from solidified molten material. GISOEUN
5. The building blocks of the Earth’s lithosphere. OKCRS

Are you taking it?

B. Unveil your thoughts: Answer the questions below. Write your answers in
the space provided for each time.
1. How would you describe a rock?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________ 2. In what
way rocks are classified?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

3. How can you distinguish an igneous rock from a sedimentary rock? from a metamorhpic rock?

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____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

Rocks are composition of different materials such as organic debris, dust particles and
minerals. They may vary in size, texture, color , and mineral content. The variation
among rocks is based on how and where they were formed.

Rocks are generally class ified into three major groups:

1. Igneous rocks - are formed from the cooling and

solidification of

magma or molten material. These rocks are hard, dark, some are fine-grained or

coarse-grained and have crystals. There are two kinds of igneous rocks: a)

extrusive/volcanic - a molten material solidifies on the Earth’s surface; the other

type is intrusive or plutonic - the molten material solidifies within the Earth.
Examples of igneous rocks are gabbro, granite, obsidian, basalt
2. Sedimentary rocks are fo rmed due to accumulation of
sediments through time . The process of accumulation is evident
in these rocks due to the presence of layers. The layers show
the materials that had accumulated over a period that led to
the formation of the sedimentary rocks. The process involved in
its formation are deposition and compaction. These are also
rocks that may contain fossils. Examples are conglomerate,
sandstone, shale, and limestone.

3. Metamorphic rocks are formed from pre -existing rocks.

It means that a metam orphic rock can be formed either from an
igneous rock or from a sedimentary rock under great pressure
and temperature. These rocks are more crystalline in
appearance , harder and denser. Examples of metamorphic
rocks are marble, gneiss, schist, and slate.

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 Now do it!

A. Group the rocks in the box to their respective classification as igneous, sedimentary, and
metamorphic.

Chalk slate obsidian andesite marble

Sandstone gneiss limestone schist basalt
Quartzite granite chert diorite siltstone

Use the table below in grouping them:

IGNEOUS SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC

B. Study the pictures of rocks. Fill out the information needed in the table.
You may use references or online sources.
Picture of the Rock Name of the Rock Kind of Rock

1.

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 2.

3.

4.

5.
Source: Photos of Rocks by: Ricafranca, Norlanie A.

C. My Rock Collection. Collect atleast 5 rocks that can be found in your bakcyard. Take a picture
of it or draw it. Observe closely the rocks you collected. Write down the characteristics such as color,
shape, size, texture and other rock features.
D. Then, classify whether the rock is an igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic. Use the fromat below in
writing your data.

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 Picture/ drawing of the Characteristics Classification
Rock (igneous, sedimentary,
Metamorphic)

Ace it!

Multiple Choice. Let us test your understanding about the kinds of rock. Encircle the letter the correct
answer.

1. Which type of rocks are formed from sediments over long period of time?
A. Igneous C. Metamorphic
B. Sedimentary D. Intrusive
2. Rocks are the building blocks of Earth’s lithosphere. Which of the following branch of science deals
on studying about rocks?
A. Geology C. Petrology
B. Paleontology D. Mineralogy
3. Which of the following pair of rocks have undergone metamorphism?
A. Sandstone-Quartzite C. Gabbro- Gneiss
B. Granite-Andesite D. Marble- Shale
4. In which of the following rocks can fossils be found?
A. Metamorphic C. Plutonic
B. Igneous D. Sedimentary
5. The size of crystals in the igneous rocks depend on the rate of crystallization.
Which of the following statements is true about crystal formation in igneous rocks?
A. The slower the rate of crystallization, the smaller crystals are formed.

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 B. The slower the rate of crystallization, no crystals are formed.
C. The faster the rate of crystallization, the bigger the crystals are formed.
D. The faster the rate of crystallization, the smaller the crystals are formed.
6. Metamorphic rocks are known to be from pre-existing rocks. Which of the following conditions
makes possible for metamorphism to happen?
A. less pressure and high temperature
B. Less temperature and high pressure
C. High pressure and temperature
D. Low temperature and pressure
7. Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are the general groups of rocks. Which of the
following was the basis of their classification?
A. Based on their shape C. Based on their size
B. Based on how they were formed D. Based on their mineral content

8. Which of the following is an example of an igneous rock?

A. marble B. granite C. slate D. schist
9. Marble is a metamorphic rock commonly used as a construction material for floorings and in walls.
From what rock did it originate?
A. Sandstone B. Limestone C. Gabbro D. Gneiss
10. Which of the following is an example of a sedimentary rock?
A. Andesite B. Basalt C. Conglomerate D. Dolomite

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