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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de
OroSchools Division Superintendent: Dr. Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, CESO V
Lesson 1:
Metamorphic Rocks ................................................................................................................ 1
What I Need to Know.................................................................................................... 1
What’s New: Activity 1 Find the Word................................................................... 1
What Is It : Three Types of Rock ............................................................................. 2
What’s More: Activity 2 : Classify Me ...................................................................... 4
What Is It : Rock Metamorphism ............................................................................... 4
What’s More: Activity 3 : Chart Me Out................................................................... 5
What I Have Learned: Activity 4 : Summarized Me ............................................ 5
What I Can Do: Activity 5 : 3D ROCK CYCLE MODEL ..................................... 5
Lesson 2:
Different Types of Stress ................................................................................................. 6
What’s In........................................................................................................................... 6
What I Need to Know.................................................................................................... 6
What’s New: Activity 1 Types of Stress ............................................................... 7
What Is It: Types of Stress.......................................................................................... 7
What’s More: Activity 2 Stress Me Out .................................................................. 8
What I Have Learned: Activity 2 Complete This Gallery…………………… 8
What I Can Do: Activity 4 : 3D Model Different Types of Stress… ............... 9
Summary ……………………………………………………………….. 10
Assessment: (Post-Test)
Key to Answers............................................................................................................................................ 11
References.................................................................................................................................................... 12
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What This Module is About
Welcome Learners !
This is a very timely approach to provide a new learning modality for the new
normal. As we face the pandemic, may we accept the challenge and embrace the
reality of exploring science and technology to learn more. This is an opportunity to
read, learn and develop skills for you to be ready and become competent in facing
the new world .
This module introduces the learners to understand the rock cycle, the rock
metamorphism and the different types of stress. There are activities needed to
perform to enhance learning. There are interactions to develop your skills in the real
scenarios happening in the world. Under the most essential learning competences
,we need to describe the changes in mineral components and texture of rocks due to
changes in pressure and temperature. This is a process called metamorphism.
Another competency that we need to tackle is to describe how rocks behave under
different types of stress such as compression, pulling apart and shearing.
Let us read and scan the next few pages of this module to fully understand
and explore the activities. The world of scientific research needs brilliant ideas to
develop innovative, creative and competent scientists to discover more beyond what
we learn now. As a youth, you can start by studying the scientific concepts on rock
metamorphism and the different types of stress.
This module discusses varied activities that can help you, a Senior High
School student, explore more in the field of science and technology and become
competent, productive, creative and innovative individual.
II
General Instructions
What I Know
Pretest
Multiple Choice
Direction : Read and understand each item and choose the letter of the correct
answer from the given choices. Use separate sheet of paper for your answer.
4. A kind of rock form where there are compilations of sediments over time______.
A. igneous B. sedimentary
C. metamorphic D.granite
15. Students found a metamorphic rock in the campsite. Its presence is an evidence
that the rock found is from ______________.
A. sediment deposition B. wind-borne sand
C. dinosaur activity D. high pressure
23. Rock is changing from original form to a new form due to extreme heat and
pressure.
A. True B. False
25. The process that breaks rock into smaller pieces _________
A. weathering B. erosion
C. solidification D. metamorphism
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Introduction to Metamorphic
Lesson Rocks
1
What I Need to Know
About 4.6 billion years ago, our planet Earth was formed. It is a round ball of
rock. Earth is the only planet with living creatures. The Earth has 4 layers: inner
core, outer core, mantle and crust. The inner core is at the center of the Earth
which is made of iron. It is very hot and keeps the outer core as liquid. Mantle is
made up of thick rock and the crust is a thin surface that consists of the lightest rock.
Rock is a solid mass , mostly a mixture of minerals .The lightest rocks form the
continents. Rocks are natural resources that help us in many ways. It can help us in
making pencils, jewelry, tables and many more. Can you enumerate rocks uses? We
can build houses made of rock, right? How about walls and fire place with rocks?
How will you describe rocks? Rocks are very strong, right? But they wore away over
time. Wind and water worn them down and that makes soil.
Before the lesson proper, we will first review and get oriented to the words
and terminologies commonly used related to rock metamorphism. How do we do
this ? Let us Perform Activity 1 : Find the WORD
What’s New
OSJMNNGRANITEKS DEGOEUOUAIIMQUT
CDFTHLAIKEEGOGR VIATSSTYTTMEEEE
AMEFUUBIAINMCRS VEDCDQRMNGSAGUS
ANSFXGOCIGWOLSI LTGNIREHTAEWPSZ
DAQXPRAMGAMSQEH ZRXHOEPETXRXKRD
HYICOMDABUKRLPT GCKBSUEZYINGSHY
CSBXJHLQOQIAUAZ VZSOKQCTFMAUZPI
VZTXCOALIEBJZHW
COAL
CRUST
DEPOSITION
GRANITE
HEAT
IGNEOUS
LAVA
MAGMA
MELTING
METAMORPHIC
PRESSURE
ROCKS
SEDIMENTARY
STRESS
WEATHERING
What Is It
There are three types of rocks. These are igneous, sedimentary and
metamorphic rocks. They are named after how they are formed. Under the ground,
there is a hot molten rock. When rocks are heated and reaches its melting point, it
forms magma. Magma comes out from volcanoes and forms rock above the surface.
This magma can also cool under the surface. It makes rock under the ground. The
rocks formed from magma are called Igneous rocks. When rocks are worn, these
pieces of rocks, minerals and soil are moved by wind and water. It can be carried to
any other places. And from there, it will be piled up together in places just like under
the lakes and oceans. They will be pressed together over time. The parts that made
them up are called sediments, and these are called sedimentary rocks. Other
rocks change from one time to another and is called metamorphic rocks.
Metamorphic means to change. These rocks are often formed from the mountains.
The pressure and heat changes these rocks. Basalt can be changed by pressure and
heat can turn into a granulite. Limestone can be changed into marble. Do you know
any object that is made up of marble ? Have you seen the statue of Liberty? That is
made of marble. Building can also be made of marble.
What’s More
Activity 2. Classify Me
3 4
Granite Shale
5 6
Gabbro Obsidian
7 8
Pink Marble Gneiss
9 10
3. Create your own story about how rocks are formed . Make at least 3
paragraph.
Rubric for the essay writing : How Rocks are Formed
CRITERIA 3 2 1
Content Clearly elaborate Adequately Did not elaborate
important details elaborate important important details
details
Spelling and 1-3 errors in 4-6 errors in 7 and more error in
Grammar spelling, rules of spelling, rules of spelling, rules of
grammar and grammar and grammar and
punctuation punctuation punctuation
Exceptional sense Adequate sense of Lacks sense of
Organization of clear and clear and orderly clear and orderly
orderly connection of connection of ideas
connectionof ideas ideas
Total
What Is It
From extreme heat and pressure, the original rock is changed into a
completely new rock. This new rock is called metamorphic rock. The word
Metamorphic is a Greek word which means “to change form”. What causes rock
metamorphism? There are two types of Rock Metamorphism. Contact metamorphism
is caused by an increase in heat and Regional metamorphism which is caused by
pressure. Let us discuss these two types of metamorphism one by one.
Contact Metamorphism:
Intense heat – existing rocks buried deeper and deeper under the surface of
the earth are in contact with heat provided by lava or magma. When temperature
rises , existing rock will be burned or metamorphosed by the heat of magma. Burning
makes the rocks metamorphosed into anew metamorphic rock. For example, as heat
is produced ,some sedimentary rocks turn into metamorphic rocks like limestone
(sedimentary rock) to marble ( a metamorphic rock) , quarts to quartzite, shale to
hornfels.
Regional Metamorphism :
It covers a much larger area. Imagine a plate boundary, a fault or crack. If its
coming together, in the middle of the plate, pressure increases. Regional
metamorphism happens when these rocks are buried deep down in the crust. This is
commonly associated with convergent plate boundaries and the formation of
mountain ranges.
Among the three types of rock, metamorphic rock is the hardest. Most of these
rocks are found in the mountainous regions. Metamorphic rocks are categorize in two
– Foliates and non-foliates. Foliate is a Latin word meaning sheets. It is composed of
large amounts of micas and chlorites. These are minerals that have a distinct
cleavage. Gneiss and schist are examples of foliated rocks that are produced by
regional metamorphism. Metamorphism happens on rocks, for example, a rock shale
if added with heat and pressure, can turn into a slate. Then this slate when added
with heat and pressure, it will become phyllite. When this phyllite is added with more
heat and pressure it will become schist, and when schist is added even more it will
become metamorphic rock gneiss. Gneiss has more bands of minerals that is the
result of intense pressure. If this gneiss will be added with more heat and pressure, it
will melt into magma and lava, then it will become an Igneous Rock.
Metamorphic Rock
Regional
Metamorphism
Heat
The Rock Cycle is a group of changes of rock. For example, sedimentary rock
can change to metamorphic rock, igneous rock to metamorphic rock or metamorphic
to sedimentary, or vice versa. When magma cools and hardens, an igneous rock is
formed. In the Earth’s surface , these rocks can be brought into places and can be
broken down into smaller pieces by air, wind and water. These can form layers, and
layers and layers over time. It then forms into sediments. From igneous rock, it turns
into sedimentary rock. This process is called weathering. Weathering occurs on site
(in situ). On the other hand, weathering should not be confused with erosion. Erosion
involves the transport of rock by agents being transported and deposited in other
locations.
Activity 4 : Summarize Me
Answer the following based on what you learned. Answer it briefly and concisely
1. How does a metamorphic rock change into another type of metamorphic rock?
2. An igneous rock can become a metamorphic rock, how can this happen?
Objective :Create your own 3D Rock Cycle MODEL made of recycled materials
Materials Needed :used card boards, used colored construction papers, pen, paste,
pair of scissors
Procedure : Create a detailed illustration with correct labels on the rock cycle.
CRITERIA 3 2 1
Total
Comments :
Different types of stress
Lesson
2
What’s In
We learned from our previous lesson that any kind of rock can change
into a new rock. This process is called metamorphism. By intense heat and
pressure, metamorphic rock is formed. Metamorphic rock can be form into
another new metamorphic rock, If there is so much pressure and heat on
rocks, what happens to it? As human being, if we find stress in our lives, we
tend to break, how about rocks? What happen if rock is under stress ?Perform
the assign activities to be able to describe how rock behaves under different
types of stress.
General Procedure :
1. Work in a group. One group is composed of three students
2. Gather all the materials needed
3. Make a model of the three types of stress- compression, tension and
shearing
4. Wash your hands or use hand sanitizer.
5. Place your model in a used cardboard
6. Label your output.
7. Answer the guided questions.
Part 1 Compression
2. Hold one side of the modelling clay with the other hand on the other side
and compressed.
3. Place your model in a used cardboard.
4. Label your output.
Q1. When plates compress against each other, what kind of boundary is this ?
__
Part 2 Tension
Q2. When plates move away from each other, what kind of boundary is this ? _
Q4. If this happens in a rock, will it break and or slip apart? Why (
support your answer )
2. Place your model in the used cardboard.
3. Label your output.
What Is It
To help us understand more on this, let us watch a video clip on how rocks
behave under a different types of stress .
Video presentation
What’s More
Procedure :
Comments :
What I Have Learned
Criteria 3 2 1 Score
Quality of Informative, Some Not
information accurate and information are informative,
show depth not accurate and and not
understanding show poor accurate.
understanding
Presentation Group expertly Some topics are Group
Skills explain the not explain well unable to
whole topic by the group explain the
topic
Visual Model Creative, Little creativity, Hasty done ,
original and little originality not creative,
correlates well no originality
Comments :_______________________________________________________
_________
______________________________________________________________
What I Can Do
Objective : Create your own Rocks behaviour under the different types of Stress
Materials Needed :used card boards, used colored construction papers, pen,
paste, pair of scissors.
Criteria 3 2 1 Score
Total
Comments : _____________________________________________________
_________________________
Summary
2. Igneous rock comes from cooling and solidification of magma or lava. Examples of
igneous rocks are granite, pumice, obsidian and basalt.
3.Sedimentary rocks are formed from sediments coming from weathering and
erosion of older rocks . Some examples are sandstone, limestone, shale and
conglomerate.
4.Metamorphic rocks change over time applying intense heat and pressure. Some
examples are quartzite, marble and slate. Among all types of rocks, Metamorphic is
the hardest.
5. From extreme heat and pressure , rock is changing from original rock to
completely new rock. This is called Metamorphism. The two types of metamorphism
are contact metamorphism and regional metamorphism.
7.Rock cycle is a group of changes of rock . From sedimentary rock it can change to
metamorphic rock ; from igneous rock to metamorphic rock ; or from metamorphic to
sedimentary, or vice versa.
8. From igneous rock turns sedimentary rock. This process is called weathering,
where rocks can be broken down into pieces through contact of the earth’s
atmosphere. Weathering occurs on site ( in situ).
9. A metamorphic rock when added with melting magma, it solidifies .The process
called solidification , thus make up a igneous rock. The cycle repeats over and over
again.
10. Rocks can be stressed. Stress on rocks is a force that change the rocks’ shape
and volume. There are different types of stress. These are compression, tension and
shearing.
12. Tension occurs in divergent boundaries This time the rocks move away from
each other.
13. Shearing is a stress caused by pushing a mass of rock in two opposite directions
that break and slip apart . It happens in transform boundary .
Assessment: (Post-Test)
Multiple Choice
Direction : Read each item carefully. choose the letter of the correct answer.
4. A kind of rock form where there are compilation of sediments over time ________.
A. igneous B. sedimentary
C. metamorphic D.granite
15. Students found a metamorphic rock in the campsite. Its presence is an evidence
that the rock found is from ______________.
A. sediment deposition B. wind-borne sand
C. dinosaur activity D. high pressure
22. What is the force that changes the shape or volume of rocks?
A. stress B. tension
C. shearing D. compression
23. Rock changes its form to a new form due to extreme heat and pressure.
A. True B. False
25. The process that breaks rock into smaller pieces _________
A. weathering B. erosion
C. solidification D. metamorphism
References
Bibliography
"Metamorphic Rocks Lesson #14." Volcano World | Your World is Erupting | Oregon
State University. Accessed June 12, 2020.
https://volcano.oregonstate.edu/metamorphic-rocks-lesson-14.
"Senior High School - Google Drive." Bitly | Custom URL Shortener, Link Management
& Branded Links.Accessed June 12, 2020. https://bit.ly/3dF9Kdb.
YouTube.n.d. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1oQ1J0w3x0o.
YouTube.n.d. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6uf8SSJajyM.
YouTube.n.d. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JT9b2VCzCe0.
YouTube.n.d. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PcBi6piazUQ.
YouTube.n.d. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YBLOcdTC7DA.
YouTube.n.d. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i0opck8TiLQ.
YouTube.n.d. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tVy3dzLSMLg.
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