Consonants:

p p f f m m
b b v v n n
t t θ t` ŋ n`
d d ð d` l l
tʃ t= s s r r
dʒ d= z z w w
k k ʃ s` j j
g g ʒ z x x

Vowels:

i: i: ə e` u: u:
e e ʌ u= ɔ: o=:
æ a` ʊ u` ɒ o`
i i ɜ: e=: u u
ɪ i` ɑ: a=:

Diphthongs:

ɪə i< eɪ e< əʊ e>

ʊə o> ɔɪ o< aʊ a>
eə i> aɪ a<

ɒ̃ a /shift/ =
Consonants

Bilabial Labio- Dental Alveolar Post- Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
dental alveolar

p p t t ʈ t< c c k k q q ʔ ?=
Plosive
b b d d ɖ d< ɟ j= ɡ g< ɢ G=
Nasal m m ɱ m n n ɳ n< ɲ n= ŋ n> ɴ N=
Trill ʙ B= r r ʀ R=
Tap or Flap ⱱ v< ɾ r> ɽ r<
ɸ f= f f θ t= s s ʃ s= ʂ s< ç c= x x χ x= ħ h> h h
Fricative
β b= v v ð d= z z ʒ z= ʐ z< ʝ j< ɣ g= ʁ R> ʕ ?< ɦ h<
Lateral ɬ l=
fricative ɮ l>
Approximant ʋ v= ɹ r= ɻ r< j j ɰ w>
Lateral
approximant l l ɭ l< ʎ L< ʟ L=
Where symbols appear in pairs, the bottom one represents a voiced consonant.

Other consonants

Clicks Voiced implosives

ʘ p= Bilabial ɓ b> Bilabial
ǀ !< Dental ɗ d> Dental/Alveolar
ǃ ! Post-alveolar ʄ j> Palatal
ǂ != Palato alveolar ɠ g> Velar
ǁ !> Alveolar lateral ʛ G> Uvular

Other symbols

Vl labial-velar Vl alveolo-
ʍ w= fricative ɕ b> palatal
Vd labial-velar Vd alveolo-
w w approximant ʑ d> palatal
Vd labial-palatal Vd alveolar
y<
ɥ h= approximant ɺ j> lateral flap
Vl epiglottal Simultaneous ʃ
ʜ H= fricative ɧ g> and x
ʢ Q< Vd epiglottal
Vd epiglottal
ʡ Q= plosive
Vl Voiceless; Vd Voiced

Vowels

Front Central Back

Unrounded Rounded Unrounded Rounded Unrounded Rounded
Close i i y y ɨ I= ʉ U= ɯ u= ɑ u
Near close ɪ i= ʏ y= ʊ u<
Close mid e e ø o> ɘ E= ɵ O= ɤ O> o o
Mid ə e=
Open mid ɛ e< œ E< ɜ e> ɞ O< ʌ u> ɔ o<
Near open æ a< ɐ a>
Open a a ɶ E> ɑ a= ɒ o=
Suprasegmentals

ˈ } Primary stress

ˌ }} Secondary stress

eː : Long

eˑ :: Half long

eːː ::: Extra long

ĕ *** Extra short

| .< Minor (foot) group

‖ .= Major (intonation)

. . Syllable break

‿ #= Linking (absence of a break)

Tone and word accents

Level[1] Contour[2]

˥ #4 e̋ @4 Extra high ˩˥ #04 ě @13 Rising

˦ #3 é @3 High ˥˩ #40 ê @31 Falling

˧ #2 ē @2 Mid ˧˥ #24 e᷄ @23 High rising

˩ #1 è @1 Low ˨˧ #12 e᷅ @12 Low rising

˨˥
#0 ȅ @0 Extra low ˨ #141 e᷈ @131 Rising-falling

ꜜ #< Downstep e᷆ @21 Low falling

ꜛ #> Upstep e᷇ @32 High falling

ꜝ !^ Africanist downstep e᷉ @313 Falling-rising

ꜞ #! Africanist upstep (raised) ↗ #>> Global rise

ꜟ ##! Africanist upstep (lowered) ↘ #<< Global fall

Diacritics. Diacritics may be placed above a symbol with a descender

̥ n̥ d̥ Voiceless % ̤ b̤ a̤ Breathy voiced %%% ̪ t̪ d̪ Dental {

̬ s̬ t̬ Voiced %% ̰ b̰ a̰ Creaky voiced $$$ ̺ t̺ d̺ Apical {{
ʰ tʰ dʰ Aspirated h^ ̼ t̼ d̼ Linguolabial {{{{ ̻ t̻ d̻ Laminal {{{
̹ ɔ̹ More rounded ++++ ʷ tʷ dʷ Labialized w^ ̃ ẽ Nasalized ~
̜ ɔ̜ Less rounded 4shift- ʲ tʲ dʲ Palatalized j^ ⁿ dⁿ Nasal release n^
̟ u̟ Advanced + ˠ tˠ dˠ Velarized g=^ ˡ dˡ Lateral released l^
̠ e̠ Retracted ̠ ˤ tˤ dˤ Pharyngealized ?<^ ̚ d̚ No audible ]]]
release

̈ ë Centralized * ɫ Velarized or l~~ k͡p Double #&

phryngealized articulation

̽ e̽ Mid-centralized ** ̝ e̝ Raised ++ ts͜ Double @&

articulation

̩ n̩ Syllabic $ ̞ e̞ Lowered 2shift-

̯ e̯ Non-syllabic $$ ̘ e̘ Advanced +++
Tongue Root

˞ ə˞ a˞ Rhoticity [[[ ̙ e̙ Retracted 3shift-

Tongue Root
Other (non-IPA) vowels

open central
unrounded
ᴂ A> α a| vowel
near-close near- open central
ɩ i| front unrounded ᴀ A| unrouned
unrounded
ᵼ I> ɿ z| alverolar apical
lower-high
cenral
unrounded or
high back unrouneded
ᵻ I< unrounded ʅ Z| retroflex apical
high front rounded
ᵾ U> rounded ʮ y| alveolar apical
near-close back unrounded
ɷ u| rounded ʯ Y| retroflex apical
mid-front
ᴇ E| unrounded
open-mid front
ʚ e| rounded