Student Name: Garion Charles

Student Number: 816006491

Course/Course Code: Natural Gas Engineering/PENG 6012
Assignment: Problem Sheet 1
Date Submitted: 13/02/2021
Question 1

The P/z vs Gp was plotted and the line was extended to determine the gas in place as well as the
recoverable gas in the well as shown in the figure below.

P/z vs Gp
6000
5000 y = -25.762x + 5010.3
4000 R² = 0.9977
P/z

3000
2000 Lab Data
1000 Graph Extension
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
Gp (BCF)

The graph was then used gas recovered once abandonment pressure is reach was found to be 131
Bcf.

Using the deliverability test data and Rawlins and Schellhardt Empirical Equation C and n was
determined.

𝑞 = 𝐶(𝑃̅2 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 2 )𝑛

q (MMSCFD) pwf (psia) log(q) log(Pr2 – Pwf2)

0 3800 - -
10 3740 1 5.66
30 3600 1.48 6.17
50 3500 1.70 6.34

Lab Data
6.40
6.30
6.20 y = 0.9956x + 4.6694
R² = 0.9944
6.10
6.00
5.90
5.80
5.70
5.60
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8

Where (1/n) is the slope of the line and the y-intercept is (-1/n)log(C) hence.

1|Page
n=1

C = 2.04157E-05

P Z P/Z Gp (BCF) dGp(BCF) Pr2 - 14.72 AOF (MMSCFD) AOF/4 (MMSCFD) dt (Days) t (Days)
3800 0.76 5000.00 0 - - - - - 0
3700 0.79 4683.54 13 13 13689783.91 300.54 75.13 173.02 173.02
3500 0.83 4216.87 30 17 12249783.91 268.79 67.20 252.98 426.01
3000 0.85 3529.41 60 30 8999783.91 197.21 49.30 608.49 1034.49
2500 0.86 2906.98 80 20 6249783.91 136.73 34.18 585.10 1619.59
2000 0.9 2222.22 108 28 3999783.91 87.33 21.83 1292.73 2912.32
1500 0.92 1630.43 131 23 2249783.91 49.00 12.25 1875.29 4787.61

Production Forcast
80.00
70.00
(AOF/4) (MMSCFD)

60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
0.00 1000.00 2000.00 3000.00 4000.00 5000.00 6000.00
t (days)

2|Page
Question 2

The C1 remains relatively constant for the pressure range of 3000 – 500 pisa. However, for the
C5 we gradually see a decline to a minimum pressure point and then it returns to its original
composition when it reaches down to 500 pisa, the main reason for this is likely due to the heavy C5
condensing out of the gas as the pressure declines and then is revaporise upon further pressure
decline. We see this typically in PVT curves for Retrograde condensate wells hence further validates
the reasoning for the variation in compositions for the components discussed.

3|Page
Question 3

A. Determination of the gas initially in place in ft3/acre-ft

𝑉𝐻𝐶 = 43560∅(1 − 𝑆𝑤 )
𝑉𝐻𝐶 = 43560 × 0.2 × (1 − 0.25)

𝑉𝐻𝐶 = 6534 𝑓𝑡 3 /𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑡

B. (i) Determination of the gross production MSCF/acre-ft

Determination of the volume increment

For 2500 psia

180 𝑐𝑐
∆𝑉 = 6534 𝑓𝑡 3 /𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑡 × ( )
1000 𝑐𝑐
∆𝑉 = 1176.12 𝑓𝑡 3 /𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑡
379.4𝑝𝑉
∆𝐺𝑝 =
1000𝑧𝑅𝑇
379.4 × 2500 × 1176.12
∆𝐺𝑝 =
1000 × 0.8 × 10.73 × 660
∆𝐺𝑝 = 196.9 𝑀𝑆𝐶𝐹/𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑡

Since where only going down to 2500 psia and 3000 psia is the initial pressure

𝐺𝑝 = ∆𝐺𝑝 = 196.9 𝑀𝑆𝐶𝐹/𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑡

B. (ii) Determine the mole fraction recovered as liquid.

∆𝑛𝐿 = 𝑅𝐶4 𝐶4 + 𝑅𝐶5 𝐶5 + 𝑅𝐶6 𝐶6 + 𝑅𝐶+7 𝐶+7

Where

𝑅𝐶𝑖 is the fraction of liquid that drops out for component i

𝐶𝑖 is the fraction of component i in the gross gas at a particular pressure

At 2500 psia

∆𝑛𝐿 = 0.2 × 0.03 + 0.4 × 0.02 + 0.7 × 0.015 + 1 × 0.03

∆𝑛𝐿 = 0.0545
At 3000 psia

∆𝑛𝐿 = 0.082

4|Page
B.(iii) Determination of the volume of gas recovered as liquid MSCF/acre ft

Since the gross gas produce down to 2500 psia was found to be:

𝐺𝑝 = 196.9 𝑀𝑆𝐶𝐹/𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑡

Then the volume of gas recovered as liquid will be:

𝐺𝐿 = 𝐺𝑝 ∆𝑛𝐿

𝐺𝐿 = 196.9 𝑀𝑆𝐶𝐹/𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑡 × 0.0545

𝐺𝐿 = 10.73 𝑀𝑆𝐶𝐹/𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑡

B.(iv) Determination of liquid production bbl/acre ft

(𝑅𝐶4 𝐶4 𝑋4 + 𝑅𝐶5 𝐶5 𝑋5 + 𝑅𝐶6 𝐶6 𝑋6 + 𝑅𝐶+7 𝐶+7 𝑋+7 ) × ∆𝐺𝑝

∆𝐺𝐿 =
42

𝑋𝑖 the conversion factor for Mscf to gal for component i

42 gal/bbl

(0.2 × 0.03 × 32 + 0.4 × 0.02 × 36.3 + 0.7 × 0.015 × 41 + 1 × 0.03 × 47.7) × 196.9
∆𝐺𝐿 =
42

∆𝐺𝐿 = 10.99 𝑏𝑏𝑙 / 𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑒 𝑓𝑡

Since the production starts at 3000 psia and where going down to 2500 psia then

𝐺𝐿 = ∆𝐺𝐿 = 10.99 𝑏𝑏𝑙 / 𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑒 𝑓𝑡

B.(v) Determination of Gas-Oil ratio

𝐺𝑔 = 𝐺𝑝 (1 − ∆𝑛𝐿 )

𝐺𝑔 𝐺𝑝 (1 − ∆𝑛𝐿 ) 196.9 × (1 − 0.0545)

𝐺𝑂𝑅 = = == = 16.94 𝑀𝑆𝐶𝐹/𝑏𝑏𝑙
𝐺𝐿 𝐺𝐿 10.99

5|Page
Question 4

(i) Estimation of Pseudocritical Temperature

𝑇𝑝𝑐 = ∑ 𝑦𝑖 𝑇𝑐𝑖
𝑖

𝑇𝑝𝑐 = 0.953 × −117 + 0.024 × 90 + 0.019 × 206 + 0.005 × 275

𝑇𝑝𝑐 = −103.94 ℉ = 356.06 °𝑅

(ii) Estimation of Apparent Molecular Weight

𝑀 = ∑ 𝑦𝑖 𝑀𝑖
𝑖

𝑀 = 0.953 × 16 + 0.024 × 30 + 0.019 × 44 + 0.005 × 58

𝑀 = 17.078 𝑙𝑏/𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙

(iii) Estimation of Specific Gravity

𝑀 17.078
𝛾𝐺 = = = 0.6
𝑀𝑎𝑖𝑟 29

(iv) Permissible expansion without hydrate formation

Using the 0.6 specific gravity graph with an initial temperature of 120 Fͦ and an initial pressure of
2000 psia, it was determine that the gas can be expanded to a pressure of 400 psia before hydrate
formation occurs

6|Page
7|Page