All Assessment Task, Exercise and Activities by Fria Batucal BSCRIM-1B

BATUCAL, FRIA MARIE E.
BSCRIM-1B
CHAPTER 1
TOPIC 1
Activity 2
Direction: Answer the essay question. Please see attach rubrics. (15 points item)
How does the shutting down of ABS-CBN and non-renewal of its franchise fall under the
category of either good or right? Or both good and right?
 For me it is both good and right, because it talks on how ABS-CBN fall from doing a
wrong thing, in which the good and right should be classified in it. One of the questions
that might connect to the good and right is Why does the ABS-CBN shut down and why
does they request for the renewal of their contract to reconstruct their franchise, it is
because there is a wrong reason for denying the renewal, many accusation has been
thrown to ABS-CBN including the tax invasion, labor law violations , political bias in its
news coverage, and foreign ownership and citizenship issues, the main word of good and
right for the ABS-CBN is it follows basic rules in reporting in which it benefit the people
who are watching the news. Furthermore, the ABS-CBN is a largest broadcast network, it
consists of latest entertainment, news report and many more, ABS-CBN could influence
people with their own content. The common good and right for this is where the Filipino
people show that the degree of the political maturity their obligation in public service and
were only outstanding.
The good refers to what benefits people and right refers to what people follows, how does
the shutting down of ABS-CBN fall under that category. The situation of it gives an
impact to the lot of people, from the wrong doing of the ABS-CBN to shutting down and
from shutting down to the loss of people’s job and the people who are looking forward in
that channel. With the wrong doing there are still some opinions from the citizen that
shutting down the ABS-CBN is not necessary as it takes from the to many protestant and
saying the good term for the ABS-CBN is what their purpose or intention in giving
information while the right term for them is their duty as a people who are working on
the industry giving their own potential.
Assessment Task
Exercise 1
Name: Fria Marie E. Batucal Course & Year: BS in Criminology – 1b

I. True or False: Write T if the statement is true and write F if the statement is false. Erasures will
void your answer (10 pts).
T 1. Ethics refers to a set of ideas about what is right and wrong, whereas morality refers to
practical behavior as judged according to someone’s ideas about right and wrong.
F 2. Goodness and rightness are complementary portions of the moral field and alternative
ways of organizing the whole field to carry out the tasks of morality.
F 3. Something that benefits something or someone else is called right for that thing or
person.
T 4. A consequentialist approach to ethics gives meaning to the term ‘good’ by reference to
the effects of an action or event.
T 5. When we say moral rules, we mean prescribed guides for conduct and generalizations that
describe physical reality, such as the laws of nature.
T 6. The rightness paradigm recognizes that people live in groups that require organization
and regulations, and frames values in terms of duty and conformance to rules.
F 7. Ethics is from the Latin term ethika referring to principles or standards of human conduct
sometimes called morals from the Greek term mores.
F 8. Some synonyms for “good” are ‘proper’, ‘legal’ and ‘correct’.
T 9. According to deontological approach, an action is justified on the basis of a quality or
characteristic of the act itself, regardless of its consequences.
T 10. The biological usage of ‘good’ as expressed in terms of health and well-being leads to
instrumental usage.
II. Essay: Contrast the two concepts and give an example: “whatever is right does not mean it is
good and whatever is good does not mean it is right” (25 points).
 It is quite simple, “whatever is right does not mean it is good” this statement shows that
not all the time the right choices that you make can be good for others and it is yourself
who will take the benefits, every choice have consequences in which whatever the right
thing to do there will be a situation that determine the outcome of it, on the other hand,
“whatever is good does not mean it is right” it is also the same from the first statement
but this one is whatever a person benefits himself or benefit others will also determine the
disapproval for person to think of what he or she have done. For example, in online class,
it is the right thing to do during pandemic but with the help of the google or any
searching sites, the students are easy to search their answers instead of answering through
their own knowledge or understanding. You can look at what is wrong so you can say it
is right and so you can say it’s good for yourself and to others.
TOPIC 2
ASSESSMENT
Exercise 2
Name: FRIA MARIE E. BATUCAL Course & Year: BSCRIM-1B
I. Determine the following statements on what category do they belong.
a. Moral
b. Non-moral
c. Amoral
d. Unmoral
e. None of the Above
B 1. Talking while your mouth is full.
B 2. Stealing your neighbor’s properties.
C 3. Texting while driving.
D 4. A giant wave flips your boat upside down.
C 5. A mentally challenged kid throws a metal pipe to the head of his brother
B 6. NPAs burning trucks, factories and heavy equipment
E 7. A moving car on the road
A 8. Passing your ethics subject
C 9. Photocopying a published book
B 10. Paying for the expertise of an English critic
II. Multiple Choice: Choose the letter that best describes your answer.
C 1. It is a metaphor for moral norms that indicates or directs types of actions that are right or
wrong, obligatory or permitted.
a. Model for an art class
b. Carpenter’s square
c. Road sign
d. Architect’s blueprint
A 2. Everyone’s interest is objectively counted as equal means:
a. Based on impartial considerations
b. Not established by law or legislature
c. Overriding
d. Linked with special emotions & vocabulary
D 3. The feeling of guilt, shame and remorse arise as an individual acts contrary to certain
moral standards.
a. Based on impartial considerations
c. Involved with injuries or benefits
d. Linked with emotions & vocabulary
A 4. This metaphor for moral norms helps concretize values and realize ideals to fit them with
the individual’s circumstances.
c. Road sign
B 5. This is a characteristic of moral standards that affect the well-being of humans, animals
and the surroundings.
a. Linked with special emotions and vocabulary
b. Involved with serious injuries and benefits
c. Overriding
d. Not established by law or legislature
C 6. The validity of these moral standards lies on the adequacy of the reasons that are taken to
support and justify them.
a. Overriding
b. Based on impartial considerations
c. Not established by law or legislature
d. Involved with serious injuries and benefits
B 7. It is a metaphor for moral norms to guide one’s conscience in making moral judgments.
c. Road sign
C 8. Matters of tastes or preferences are considered in the category of:

a. Moral
b. Unmoral
c. Non-moral
d. Amoral
A 9. Moral standards should be preferred to other values including self-interest.
a. Overriding
c. Linked with special emotions and vocabulary
d. Based on impartial considerations
D 10. It is a metaphor for moral norms whose purpose is to teach moral wisdom of a
community and serve as moral reminders of communal wisdom.
c. Road sign
III. Essay. (15 points in each item)
1. When do we say that a standard is moral?
 When considering what we known about norms and the types of action that we normally
believe to be morally acceptable and unmorally unacceptable like knowing how people
should behave and not just how they actually do behave such as doing what is good as it
is what humans ought to do as a person and having the etiquette that our parents has been
teaching to us, also when humans do their obligation that makes them consider as a moral
person who is living in this world, wherein, they consider it as guide for their actions.
Furthermore, saying that standard is moral is when teaching the moral principles, it gives
the standard relating to the operative of one’s conscience that is capable of doing a
conclusion in a lesson in someone’s story. There is also a scenario that best describe
about the standard is moral and that is when dealing with matters that can harm human
beings such as rape, murder, suicide and many more, the more reasons that may take a
human life is the more reasons that support and justify them and that what makes a
standard is moral. It is because standard gives acceptable reasons that makes it moral.
Most likely when considering the standard is moral is when a scenario is being shown,
not just the majority of people are considering it as acceptable scenario or unacceptable
but it is mostly important to their own individuality or their own judgement for what is
right or wrong or what is the bad manner or good manner.
2. What makes an experience a moral experience?
 When considering that experience would benefit other people and seeing it acceptable to
the person and to their surroundings. Also relating the experience to the moral experience
is when we apprehending for what is right or wrong and what is good or evil. The
experience is not just the individual story but also sharing the experience of the
community or a group of people in which it will give a conclusion on the differences of
the individual’s experience and the communities experiences that might tell whether that
experience is moral or not but also there are some people who are differentiating their
own definition of what is right or what is good for them and that’s where the experience
will be shown. The experience is where a person shows or seeing by others and moral
experience are being shown and being classified as the right thing to do even when others
are not agreeing to it. The experience will be a moral experience if there are some lesson
that is being taught whether that experience is being define from nature, animals,
surroundings or the people itself. Furthermore, learning the responsibility in everything
else in a person’s life and taking it for granted is what makes the experience became
moral.
TOPIC 3
Assessment Task
Exercise 3
I. Essay. (15 points in each item)
1. Why do we have moral dilemmas?
 To know what decision are the best to make even that decision is not well known if it will
work out well because sometimes in our life we are choosing decisions for us to know
what our next action would be use. Also not all dilemmas talk about choosing a right or
wrong decision sometimes it has a moral principle compromised into the situation that
needs to choose between what you believe to what is good to others and what is right for
yourself, that is a decision that even yourself cannot find a better solution without
sacrificing something. Moral dilemmas are a decision that will benefit either yourself or
to others but it has a conflict that makes it hard to choose because it is hardly known
which precedence over the other. In short, from the way we live and making a choice
there are no better solution if the choices are both taking an impact to the person and to
his or her decision itself.
2. Why only humans can be ethical?
 Only humans can be ethical because a human can think and make a choice to make to
achieve its goal unlike objects that we see. Humans also know what is good and bad, they
believe what actually acceptable in their own perspective in life. The similarities of
human, animals and plants is they have life, they are both doing things that makes them
all connected and a duty to survive but they also have differences such as animals can
think as they are also part of the living things and some have a brain like humans but they
differ in the way they think, their thinking ability is limited unlike humans they can think
reasonably based on their feelings, situation and actions, now for the plants even though
they are part of the living things they cannot think and make a decision. Humans also
have a concept of ethics they know what the definition of it, from their lives they
consider the tenant of ethics as what they look for a reason before they decide and that is
so called being rational. Furthermore, they are acting according to their own morality
rather than their own desires and humans are true for what they are doing. Attaining this
kind of abilities or understanding is what makes a human unique and have a freedom to
manifest the one’s religion and beliefs.
TOPIC 4they have
Exercise 4
I. Essay: (45 points).
1. Write something about freedom of expression in relation to fake news in Philippine mass
media.
 Freedom of expression is where a group of people or an individual have a freedom to
express its beliefs, thoughts, emotions or actions in which it is happening around the
world. In the Philippines there are also a word freedom for the people in it but sometimes
their freedom is getting out of hand such as spreading fake news in mass media in which
the people are believing it, a person or the people who are spreading the news have a
belief that what they are doing is right even though it is not but because of the word
freedom they take advantage of it and make themselves some credit that can satisfy what
they desire. Also they take the word freedom of speech in which the fake news is a form
of speech but does not capable of having the truth, from the looks of it from the way we
live in this era there is no way for the government to prevent the spreading of fake news
without violating the freedom of speech in some manner that people believe in. The
reason why fake news is being spread in mass media because the mass media is a way of
expressing one’s self and it was defined as hate speech in which it cannot be stop unless
it is proven to be wrong according to its law. Furthermore, fake news is being excused in
terms of freedom but there are differences in the freedom of speech and the hate speech
or the fake news, because from what we call freedom is not just all about what a person
desire but also from what we must do and to do our obligation with the use of freedom,
meaning freedom has a limitation not all the times freedom can be good.
2. Make a critic on the Philippine government’s control versus freedom of speech and thoughts.
 The Philippine government have a certain rules for the people to follow but there are also
some situation that cannot be granted by being controlled as the Filipino or as a human being
they have freedom to express themselves in terms of living their lives to the fullest although
the Philippine government is an organization that keeps the limitation of every individuals
freedom because without the rules and regulation, Filipino will do what they desire even if it
will caused damage in both of his or her surrounding and also to itself. The fairness is also
present in the Philippine government as they are the ones who will decide they is best for
others. The freedom of speech and thoughts are given to every individual, this help the people
to do what they want and to do what makes them happy and satisfy because the work of
freedom is the concern on both goodness and happiness on freedom. The rules that is being
held in the Philippine government has guarantee the freedom of speech and thought in the
Philippine constitution however the freedom itself has been gaining some bad influence to
some Filipinos wherein they are making an excuse to provide disinformation and that is one
of the reason in having a conflict between the control of the Philippine government and the
freedom of the every Filipino because sometimes the more the people realize their freedom
without having a thought on giving its limitation is the more it caused trouble not just by his
or her surroundings but also for his or herself.
3. Make an assessment on freedom and television effects among young Filipino students today.
 The freedom of every people are important especially for those who are reaching for their
dreams and goals, in the Philippine constitution, the freedom of the Filipino students take
a credit for them to recognize their rights to make accessible education at all level. The
effects of freedom to Filipino students today is giving them the opportunity to make their
speeches and to recognize their voice as a student who is teaching what is good for being
a person who have a plan to aim the better life even though they are just a young Filipino
student. Also with the power of freedom in the Philippines the young Filipino students
will give senses for the development for their country in the future. In terms of
employment, young Filipino students are very talented from letting their skills and
abilities to develop with making them do what they like can be a reason to have the
Philippines gaining more skilled people in the near future. While the effects of television
for the Filipino students is it has to do about the consequences to a child’s development.
With the information that is being heard of seen in the television, the child itself can be
influence by it although there is some information that may help them to be aware of their
surroundings and to be open minded. When it comes to the different shows or genres
except the new report or broadcast, there are some possibilities that the Filipino student
will cope up and will stick to their minds and having an influences that may affect their
actions from what they have watch whether it is good or bad for them. Some may have
argued that watching televisions can give a negative effect on youth such as watching
SPG without the guidance of the parents, it will trigger their mind resulting the youth to
be more aggressive and insensitive towards the things who are not supposed to teach to
the youth. The freedom and television for among the young Filipino students affect their
way of learning not only by themselves but to others too in which it transmitted across
generations that allows the group to meet their needs in making their progress to achieve
their goals.
CHAPTER 2
TOPIC 1
Activity 4:
Direction: Visit this site and write one page reaction paper:
https://arete.ateneo.edu/assets/site/Barbaza-Tapat.pdf and
https://arete.ateneo.edu/connect/usapang-tapat-tungo-sa-isang-katutubong-etika
For how we think about a certain circumstances and even though we reversed the rotation
of the world we will still be given a situation that gives us an appreciation from what we
have been to, from the world we are living and from the country that we are in, our voices
have been translated to our own language and that what makes a language is important to
us because the more we speak is the more we learn something new and we speak before
we take an action which include our ethics. Ethics is not just a word but it is what makes
a human special because of its sense of humanity that cares and giving an opportunity to
show their culture and beliefs. As a Filipino we are tend to know what is ‘tapat’, there are
so many definitions on what is the meaning of tapat such as tapat sa bayan, tapat sa
kaibigan, tapat na kayang ibigay ang lahat, tapat bilang nasa harap and many more. The
word tapat is not just saying it to the person but rather showing it to them by actions.
From our ancestors or the ethnic group, they show us that tapat is what makes a Filipino
have an attitude that gives them a credit to show to others. Pakikipagkapwa–tao is also
part of being tapat because it means that having a concern to others, being helpful and
generous, have a sense of fairness and just and most importantly trusting one another
without secretly betraying others. Also I think that the word tapat is a powerful word and
action that can maintain peace like being fair for what you are battling for, this will give a
result that no conflict to a battle if you have the sense of responsibility and respect as a
warrior. If we combine all the definition of tapat, what will be the result of it? the answer
is having an understanding and knowledge of giving birth to the word of tapat and
making the person as a vessel of it, meaning being honest is not passed from others or
influence by gadgets or other situation that may give a reason to define it but it is within
us, we are the only one who can maintain and show it to others. God is also involving of
what we are giving importance, tapat, God gave us the opportunity to show what we are
capable of, for giving faith not just ourselves but to others also. The main reason why we
are born and why we have an ability to think and sometimes act as a guide. But
sometimes the word tapat is not being used according to its supposedly the right action
because there are some people who are lying just to achieve what he or she desire, from
that being honest is tainted into something that makes it hard to believe in. Honest is an
important ethical to the people and when it is being used in an action that is not
acceptable then the more a person lie is the more complications could begin with.
Activity 5: Toxic Filipino culture we should fix. Write your reactions on the pictures depicted
below and the negative attitudes they imply.
1. this comment from the other Filipinos is called
being open to others. Even with different races,
colour of skin, hair and many more differences,
Filipinos still have sense of fairness and being
sensitive to others feelings. Never less, Filipinos
should consider their own skin on what makes
them unique but because of the foreign skin
differences, Filipinos tend to imitate their colour
instead of being proud of their colour.
2. Lack of Self Analysis and Reflection. The bad
attitude of some Filipinos are expecting
something even though they shouldn’t have, like
expecting some money for godmothers or
godfathers to their godchild. This attitude will
make them look like a person who is using her or
his child to take an advantage from the
godmothers and godfathers.
3. Being too sensitive. This picture talks about

giving an opinion that can offend others. The
typical attitude of Filipinos is they give their
opinion without knowing that the person they are
talking to being offended and much worse
Filipinos are often being judgemental even with
their own kind. Sometimes they mind others
business and telling them what to do and thinking
that it’s for their own good.
4. This picture talks about the problem in LGBTQ
Community Wherein Filipinos often mock them
but mostly gays because they thought that they
have no right to show what they are especially
when the Filipinos are mostly Christians they
follow what is written in the Bible and being gay
is not in it. But this picture also shows that they
have no respect even though they are still human
who have feelings and emotions just like them.
5. The more on gifts type of person instead of
appreciating the success or being proud to the
person without having a thought for gifts and
parties. Being inconsiderate to others. Filipinos
sometimes are expecting something from the
person who have more in his or her life wherein
some Filipinos have a habit that they become
insensitive to the needs of others because they are
only focusing on themselves.
6. Passivity and Lack of Initiative: strong reliance
to other’s fate. Filipinos are proud of their race
when some Filipinos give a credit for what they
are winning for and that is their country’s name
but they are just proud from what the Filipinos
achievement but not their attitude and their
personality as a Filipino and because of that it
confused them on what makes them a Filipino.
7. The balikbayan mentality. This attitude of

Filipinos is where they have high hopes for OFW
just because they flew to other countries. They
tend to think that OFWs have more money than
them who did not flew to the countries. They
don’t know that OFW are working too hard just to
sustain their own family while it becomes matter
that the OFW should give gifts to their families
and also friends. The Filipinos who did not
experience to flew to the other country get jealous
to the OFW with knowing that they are working
hard away from their love ones.
8. The type of Filipino who are being ‘epal’ or
feeling close. This attitude of Filipinos doesn’t
choose a right time wherein they tend to be polite
to others, Filipinos may have a sense of humour
and a sense of dealing with one another without
awkwardness and that what makes them close to
each other but sometimes they are overdoing it
that they being so ‘epal’ that they have no sense
of pride and a shame to his or herself.
9. Colonial Mentality. Wherein some Filipinos
have more appreciation to foreign than their own.
They judge their own culture even though they
are also part of their life. Because of the
colonization from before it rubs to the other
Filipinos of favoring foreign values over our own,
and even desiring to look more Western.
10. General disregard for rules. Filipinos have

known the word ‘diskarte’, they use it to gain
what they need but that ‘diskarte’ is also causing
of breaking the basic or general rules in the
community and sometimes they are overdoing it
and that what makes it become bad for a Filipino.
ASSESSMENT TASK
I. Discuss and relate at least five strengths and five weaknesses of the Filipino moral character
that are being experienced during this pandemic brought about by the Covid 19? (20 pts)
Strengths:
1. Pakikipagkapwa-tao
Filipinos experienced it during the pandemic that brought by the Covid 19 such as giving a relief
goods not just to the poor but to everyone else this is a scene where a Filipino is being
generous and giving a sense of humanity to others.
2. Family Orientation
Filipinos have a strong bond when it comes to their families. During the pandemic Filipinos
risking their lives just for the sake of their families such as going to the grocery to buy what
they need, being a frontliner to help the people in need even though they are away from their
love ones and most of all trusting the family to be safe.
3. Joy and Humor
Even with the pandemic that is going around in the world, Filipinos still have a joy and humor,
Filipinos tend to find happiness even in the hardest times. For Filipinos there are no changes if
we let ourselves consume by fear instead find a reason to continue living and never let yourself
be down.
4. Hard Work and Industry
Like in family orientation, Filipinos are mostly hard workers, they work hard for the sake of
others and themselves even though they have no time for their love ones.
5. Faith and Religiosity: Faith in God
Because of the pandemic that is going around the globe, Filipinos are still having a faith to God.
Praying for their safety is one of the example of having a faith to God.
Weaknesses
1. Kanya-kanya Syndrome
During the pandemic, sometimes Filipinos are still thinking that they are in the competition even
though they must help others. The competition such as the markets, getting the relief goods and
the situation that they only focus themselves.
2. Extreme Personalism
Even in the pandemic there are always a comment to the people who are helping others. The
typical attitude of the Filipino is backstabbing their own kind; they are thankful but it doesn’t
satisfy what they need such as the situation in the government. The government are helping
them; they only see what are the wrong doings they do but not the right things they responsible
for.
3. Passivity and Lack of Initiative
Even during the pandemic Filipinos still make some excuses to not do their responsibility as a
citizen of the Philippines even in the government.
4. Lack of Discipline
Because of the pandemic Filipinos cannot go out of their house but sometimes they are certainly
breaking some rules that have been set up by the government, they break the rules just to satisfy
what they need and because of the unexpected change Filipinos are still want to do what they
used to.
5. Colonial Mentality
Filipinos tend to want more such as from the government. Some Filipinos don’t appreciate the
rules that is being given by the government in which it will be for their own safety.
TOPIC 2
Teaching and Learning Activities
Activity 6: Write a letter to your (imaginary) child in the future, telling him/her about how you
are presently struggling to be the best kind of person you strive to be.
Dear (imaginary) child in the future
I’m still struggling the fact that it hurts me both physical and mental from the situation that we
are in, because of the pandemic I’m still adapting and accepting what changes that I am facing
right now but I have a will and a goal to achieve so even though it’s hard to learn something and
it’s hard to enjoy this college day of mine there are still inside of me that telling me to keep
going for the sake of myself and for my family. So remember the struggle can go away if our
will is stronger and the pain can be overcome if we don’t let ourselves consume by it.
Activity 7: Research online the lives of Nelson Mandela and Adolf Hitler. Do a comparative
character analysis/study on both individuals.
Nelson Mandela was a known and loved around the world for his commitment to peace,
negotiation and reconciliation. From around the world many people are experiencing
discrimination, through their physical features such as hair, color of their skin and from the way
they live. But there is still a one person that can change it wherein he has worked hard to make
change for better and help them move forward facing the world with fairness and equality.
According to the site where I get my sources, Nelson Mandela entering the politics he was rose
through the ranks of the ANCYL and through its efforts, the ANC adopted a more radical mass
based policy, the Programmed of Action. He helped to change the lives of millions of South
African people.
Adolf Hitler was also a leader of the Germany’s Nazi Party, he was the most powerful and a
dictator. Hitler’s virulent anti-Semitism and obsessive pursuit of Aryan supremacy fueled the
murder of some 6 million Jews, along with other victims of the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler does not
have a perfect life as he experienced different things that makes him think that life could not be
better such as he pursued his dreams of being an artist but unfortunately he was rejected from the
academy of fine arts. After his father and mother died he is still pieced in painting and living
images but he became interested in politics. He also came from the military career. He was badly
wounded, he experiences the sign of defeat and that makes him pursue to join a German workers
party he became skilled and because of his abilities is the reason why he became deadliest
general.
Both Nelson Mandela and Adolf Hitler are a leader with great skills but their differences are the
way they rule and how they use their ability to make the people believe in them. Mandela have a
sense of justice and he care for the people who are being discriminate by their own kind or by
others, while Hitler is supposed to be the most powerful influencer if he decided to use it to
justify the needs of the people that he ruled.
ASSESSMENT TASK
I. President Duterte has signed a law institutionalizing good manners and right conduct (GMRC)
and values education as core subjects in the K to 12 curriculum both in public and private
schools. Is this necessary? Justify your answer. (15 points each item)
Yes, because now a day’s children and young teenagers still need to be taught some good
manners, also as a Filipino that should know what their ethics is. The good manners and right
conduct and also values in education can be a good influence to the K-12 because it will teach
them on what is right and wrong for them to be ready in the reality and for them to know that
there are some situations that needs to decide in which it can be difficult when you are deciding
the right for yourself and for others too.
2. In terms of character versus reputation, can public life be separated from private life?
No, public life cannot be separated from private life, there may have differences but our private
life is being determined in public life because this is also one the way to determine what we want
and what we desire and also from the people that surround us invade our private life to know us
more in which it can be our comfort zone when we share our thoughts. But unfortunately even if
we are considering to separate the public life and our private life because of the personal reason
it is still impossible to separate it because of the curiosity and a sense of invading each other’s
businesses.
TOPIC 3
1. There are 16 criticisms on Kohlberg’s theory. Choose one of these criticisms which you think
is the most plausible argument and justify your answer. (20 points)
For me, one of the criticism of Kohlberg’s theory that I think is the most plausible argument is
the empathy and emotion critique: the rejection of Stage 1. Kohlberg’s theory may have a point
but he missed something that human also have that may occur during the rejection in a stage, he
assumed that in moral development is all about logically, rational or mental meaning the human
being rational is the most essential action in the moral life. The theory of Kohlberg and from the
stages that he represents is all about the logical thinking of a human from his childhood to
adulthood and he presents that it cannot be jump to the other stages without completing the
others but the power of empathy and emotions are also being drown to the child even with his
early age. There are some evidences that a child with a year of age have the capacity to feel
empathy, compassion, various pro-social behaviours and can show different emotions but
Kohlberg and Piaget points out that a child with an early age cannot think anything good which
means they have undeveloped actions in terms of cognitive factors, they are in the stage of
selfishness wherein they only focus on their own desire until from the day goes by different
stages has been set up to them and it talks about law and rules, in short, from their own rational
and logical point of view. The empathy and emotion critique: the rejection of Stage 1 is based on
helping actions, the understanding of moral life of the young children is lacking images rather
than the projection of an adult. However, it is important to note that the moral response in the
very young age is basically a response to dilemmas in which that moral behaviour is determined
by emotional responses and that’s what represent the criticism of Kohlberg’s theory.
CHAPTER 3
TOPIC 1
Assessment Task: (25 points in each item)

I. Situation Analysis: Search for a situation that you think involves ethical subjectivism and
emotivism. Evaluate the situation by pointing out how both ethical models are fitted.
 A person who is gossiping about her neighbor whom telling the others some stories about
them because she hates her neighbor which the neighbor is bother by it as the person is
minding her neighbor business and spreading it to everyone which is wrong. The stories are
either true or out of falsity but it involves emotions because the person is giving in her anger
and jealousy in which in subjectivism, the person convey her actions into emotions meaning
she is giving an opinion to the person based on her own perception as subjectivism teaches that
there are no objective moral truths, the person’s Moral statements are just factual statements
about the attitude normal human beings hold on a particular issue. While in terms of
emotivism in the situation it shows that not just the statement is being conveyed but also the
expression of the speaker. From the way she tells the stories about her neighbor in which she
used language and information that takes the expressing of attitude in a place such as how the
person expresses her emotions to her neighbor.
2. Essay: Are ethical subjectivism and emotivism plausible for standards of morality? Justify
your answer.
Yes, because sometimes human can make a decision that involves emotions and giving an
opinion from what he or she sees and from what she or he feel on what is right. Knowing the
standards of morality deals with matter which can be either seriously harm or seriously benefit
others, also it refers to the norms which have types of actions that they believe to be morally
acceptable and morally unacceptable and the way of defining ethical subjectivism and emotivism
it is still connected such as subjectivism is more on emotions wherein when a human being make
a decision it can also be based from what he or she feels and that way he or she can form what
actions can he or she make while in emotivism although there are times that the person are
making an action from what he feels is right even though that person doesn’t make a clarification
on their beliefs. From that definition, ethical subjectivism and emotivism are plausible for
standards of morality.
TOPIC 2
Assessment Task: (15 points each item)
Exercise 1
Direction: Answer the following questions in a paragraph or two
1. “Alam natin na tayo ay tao pero kadalasan ay hindi natin alam paano magpakatao.” Make a
reaction on this statement reflecting the idea on reason and impartiality as minimum
requirements for morality.
“Alam natin na tayo ay tao pero kadalasan ay hindi natin alam paano magpakatao”. This
statement talks about how a human being can be a person who don’t know a limit of being a
human, because there are times that using the statement “tao lang tayo, nagkakamali” is also
giving an excuse or running from what they must act. Humans have ethics that give their
decisions to be more precise and can benefit others, they have their beliefs and rules in terms of
acting as a human. Humans simply identify their given reasons to a certain situation that
sometimes it takes their consideration on the certain things that they believe is what is right or
wrong wherein constantly they take a strong grip to that belief from the point when they are
holding that belief in terms of making a decision that is also affecting the violation of moral rule
such as murdering, stealing or any kind of unmoral actions. With that statement it is not consider
as being moral person because that statement goes with being an ignorant person that doesn’t
identify the characteristics of being rational or reasonable in a situation for him to act as a human
with a moral standards and a better reason to a particular belief.
2. Is gender equality justifiable under the concepts of reason and impartiality? Justify your
answer.
Yes, because gender equality consists of being balanced to each other in terms of showing for
who they are whether you are a woman or man, which in the concepts of reason it consists of one
of the most important components in order to act ethically in any kind of situation such as acting
equal to any gender and does not judge the physical or capability of that gender while in
impartiality is the fact where it doesn’t take a side to anyone even in the argument because it
consist of fairness and justice accordingly in taking a job that is consider for woman and man,
also in house chores where not only woman can do it but man can also. Because of the gender
equality woman can do what they want to do without being told due to the long time ago where
woman is consider as a person who only stays in the house while man works outside. The reason
and impartiality do a certain thing that make a well-rounded development to the people who are
seeking happiness and partial to achieving a certain goal that consist of having a justice to
everyone, with this, gender equality is consider as being under the concepts of reason and
impartiality.
TOPIC 3
Assessment Task:
Exercise
I. Write a reflection paper about this quote: “Standing for what is right is a lonesome journey”.
“Standing for what is right is a lonesome journey”. For me it means that whether you are fighting
for what is right, there are times that the others are thinking it is wrong, your self is the only one
who can decide whether it is wrong or right in which your mind choses your desire to do the
action and the other people are going to be the judge of it. Deciding what it is right means
defining a person’s own principle in which is what they ought to do wherein it is determine by
their own will in life. A person is either being treated fairly or unequally treated and that is being
determine in a circumstances that involves the views of the people in each other. Being a human
is also having the belief in life wherein that human give his power to grip onto it even if his or
herself is the only one who can understand it. From ourselves we take a courage to pursue what
is right in which it gives us an opportunity to gain some credits in our ethics and morality, from
this we take a path that none of others didn’t take.
2. Write a reflection paper about this quote: “It is better to be kind than to be right.”
From the quote of “It is better to be kind than to be right”, For me it means that having no grudge
to others and thinking of not getting anything in return when the person gives something to them
because being kind means caring for others and accepting people as they are while the right is
having an argument to a certain situation that may lead into a different understanding to others.
Also being kind is knowing how to respond to the harsh words without hurting someone, this
kindness is what a person gives an action that might inspire someone else to take a similar action
and help one more person in any problem that people faces such as poverty, loneliness, or any
kind of situation that is troubling the person. It is better to show kindness than showing them
your own understanding for what is right because that will of yourself in understanding the right
is the time where you are being smart and thinking that being right is often satisfying but
unfortunately the power of kindness might have the capacity to change the world even though
there are times that if an individual is being define as a kind person means defining him or
herself as weak but there are some differences of being kind and being a weak person because
being kind is offering a hand and does not give up for what he or she is doing for the person
wherein little by little they are having a changes for the better while a weak person is giving up
without making an effort to development from what he is doing even though there are many
ways to do it precisely. There are many ways to solve a problem even if it is very complicated
for a human being and it is to show kindness than giving up on each other’s emotion and
competing to each other just to satisfy our answers.
CHAPTER 4
TOPIC 1
Assessment Task
Exercise 1
Direction: Identify the following statements and write your answers in the space provided.
META-ETHICS 1. It is a branch of analytic philosophy that explores the
status, foundations, and scope of moral values, properties,
and words.
MORAL COGNITIVISM 2. It holds that moral statements do express beliefs and that
they are apt for truth and falsity.
MORAL NON- 3. It holds the view that ethical statements lack truth-
COGNITIVISM value which means they are neither true nor false.
NORMATIVE ETHICS 4. It is regarded as a branch of ethical inquiry that
considered general ethical questions whose answers had
some relatively direct bearing on practice.
DEONTOLOGY 5. It is an ethical theory that places the locus of right and
wrong in autonomous adherence to moral laws or duties.
THEOLOGICAL ETHICS 6. It is a theory of morality that derives duty

or moral obligation from what is good or desirable as an
end to be achieved.
APPLIED ETHICS 7. It refers to any use of philosophical methods critically to
examine practical moral decisions and to treat moral
problems, practices, and policies in the professions,
technology, government, and the like.
BIOETHICS 8. It is a branch of applied ethics that studies the
philosophical, social, and legal issues arising
in medicine and the life sciences.
ENVIRONMENTAL 9. It is the discipline in philosophy that studies the moral
ETHICS relationship of human beings to, and also the value and
moral status of, the environment and its non-human
contents.
SOCIAL ETHICS 10. It is an analysis of the set of rules, guidelines, values,
behaviors and responsibilities people have toward
themselves, each other, and the world as a whole.
Exercise 2
Essay: Choose one of the three basic areas of ethical study and explain how it helps an
individual understand his or her moral experiences? (15 points)
 I choose Normative Ethics, because it helps an individual to understand his or her
moral experience by knowing their own moral philosophy, ethics and the right way
of showing what human acts, institution and from the way of their life should act,
and action what human should perform for. This is the way to acquire the good
habits, the duties that an individual must follow and the consequences of the actions
or behavior of the others. The best example for this is the Golden Rule, wherein it
will give a teaching to the individual to show the appropriate way of dealing to a
decision which it must be lead to a morality. The moral experience that have a
connection to the normative ethics will give an understanding of a single principle
against of the actions that people will judge. The main focus of the normative ethics
is to realize the person’s sense of value and the important of living to an everyday
life which will also give a better understanding of moral experience that is also
include a person’s interpretation, the importance of motive and the character that an
individual ought to have. The more the individual understand the moral truth and
supporting the proposition of what kind person should be is the more it can perceive
the moral experience of his or her.
TOPIC 2
Activity
Direction: What do you think is the most important virtue the following individuals must develop
and exercise? (20 points)
Individual Virtue Reason

DOCILITY Willing to learn and to grow
1. Student for the sake of the future
and to move forward.
2. Police Officer COURAGE An officer who are willing
to himself in danger in
order to protect people and
to prevent crim.
3. Farmer PATRIOTISM To have a pride on what a
person loved and having a
sense of attachment to the
land that makes him have a
reason to live.
4. Politician KINDNESS Anticipating of the people’s
needs.
5. Teacher PATIENCE A teacher must remain
calm when they are
teaching because that is
what makes a teacher be
more reliable in having a
students learn something.
6. Counselor HUMILITY They are entrusted to take
care a several people who
are seeking for help to
maintain their sanity or to
be able to move on onto
their problem.
7. Entrepreneur RESILIENCE The ability to cope up and
bounce back from the
challenge and keep going.
8. Janitor HELPFULNESS Giving service to others
even when people mock the
other’s job.
9. Doctor A GREAT SERVICE Helping the community for
the common good.
10. Parent RESPONSIBILITY The responsibility that
should be develop because
everyone have a
responsibility that needs to
fulfill.
11. Electrician PERSEVERANCE Carrying out the difficulties
even with the job that
dangerous to finish
12. Driver INDUSTRIOUSNESS Working devoutly
especially when finding self-
worth and dignity.
13. Designer PURPOSEFULNESS Having a clear vision on
what comes next, where it
concentrate on a certain
goal to be achieve.
14. Actor/Actress MODESTY The quality of not being
over proud of themselves
even when they are popular.
15. Son/Daughter RESPECT Having this virtue is not
just only for one self but to
be able to apply to be
people who surrounds them
especially to their parents.
Assessment Task
Exercise 1
Name: BATUCAL, FRIA MARIE E. Course & Year: BSCRIM-1B

A. Matching Type Test: Match column A with the correct answer on column B, write only
the letter of answer on the space provided.
Column A Column B
1. f virtuous life a. world of the senses
2. h phronesis b. abstract world of thought
3. a visible world c. Form of Good
4. j soul d. end, purpose, or goal

5. i arete e. Socratic dictum
6. c form for morality f. key to man’s happiness
7. d telos g. flourishing or well-being
8. e “Know yourself”. h. prudence
9. b intelligible world of Forms i. excellence
10. g Eudaimonia j. seat of knowledge & virtue
Exercise 2

B. Modified True or False: Analyze the truth and falsity of the following statements. Write
true if the statement is correct. If false, encircle the word that renders it wrong and supply
the correct answer in the space provided.
True 1. Aquinas’ defined law as an ordinance of reason for the

common good, promulgated by the one who is in charge of
the community
Natural law 2. Human law is the rational creature’s participation in the
eternal law
Divine law 3. Eternal law is God’s law as divulged in the scriptures
True 4. The object of a human act, is “what the exterior action is
about,” according to Aquinas
True 5. The end of a human act indicates the intention or purpose
of the person executing an act.
True 6. The circumstances of a human act refer to the different
particular characteristics that encompassed the act
acquired 7. Man needs infused habits to direct him to his natural end
and lead him to the good as defined by human reason.
infused 8. Man must receive the acquired virtues from God to attain
his supernatural and ultimate end which is his supernatural
union with God.
True 9. Moral virtue is a habit of choosing the mean appointed by
will as a prudent man would appoint it
True 10. Theological virtues have God for their object, both in so
far as by them we are properly directed to Him, and
because they are infused into our souls by God alone
Exercise 3
Name: BATUCL, FRIA MARIE E. Course & Year: BSCRIM-1B
C. Essay: (15 points each item)
1. Does it follow that when one knows what is right he also does what is right?
 It depends on the situation, because sometimes people tend to learn from the others
who do good things as he or she will be connected to the end where they pursue it.
As it is also from the way people lived up from their beliefs, for instance, every
human being have a virtue that they follow a tendency to do things that they see
form the others which tell to themselves of what might be the right thing to do. But
even with the knowledge of a person to do the right thing, it also has the way to not
do it or to dodge it in a certain reason, in this it considered the feelings, desire,
attitude, interest, expectation and sensibility, sometimes from the impact of the
emotions and other desirable feelings, will give an action that will lead into a
concerned. In short for these is, the goal of a person in life is to find their true
nature as when the person find its nature it show what he or she is capable of, either
it involves the emotions or to appreciate the character trait of a morally valuable.
2. Is Aristotle’s golden mean a one-size-fits-all method?
 The Golden Mean or so it called the middle way as it rest between two extremes,
one of excess and the other of deficiency that is according to Aristotle. This is the
concept in an ancient which described in various traditions. It discussed within the
ethical contexts and considered as virtue. Furthermore, this moral goodness means a
balance between the two vices, with these it connects to the deciding on what is
virtuous which concerned on attaining the development on a good character.
Deciding what is more desirable and acceptable is also deciding on what could be
the circumstances to it as there is a middle that could change in making a decision.
TOPIC 3
Teaching and Learning Activity
Activity 1 Situation Analysis

You are the network administrator for a rather large company. You have a young family and
need your job to support them. As part of your responsibility as a network administrator is to
monitor the emails for the organization. Usually this just means occasionally allow through
emails for staff members that have been accidentally blocked by the spam filters.
One day you get a helpdesk request from a staff member asking for an email to get
released. Normally it is standard procedure except this time the request has come from the wife
of a very good friend of yours. You recognize the name on the helpdesk request so quickly attend
to the problem. As part of the procedure you need to manually open up the email to ensure that it
isn’t spam, so you do and you discover that it certainly isn’t spam. You find that it’s actually an
email to your friend’s wife from her lover. You scan the rest of the contents of the email and
there is no doubt that she has been having an affair for some time now.
You release the email, but you can’t decide what to do. Your initial reaction is to call
your friend up and tell him about the email, however you quickly realize that company policy is
very strict about revealing the contents of confidential emails of staff members regardless of the
contents and unless someone’s life is in immediate danger, under no circumstances are you
permitted to reveal the information.
In any case you know that revealing this information presents great risk, because even if
you don’t do it directly, there is a good chance that the dots will be joined somewhere along the
line and you will be found out. However, you feel that by not telling your friend that you are
aiding his wife get away with adultery and this troubles you greatly. What do you do?
As it said from the deontological ethics that everyone has a duty to fulfill, now in this scenario it
has three duties, the first one is the duty of an employer while the second is the duty as a friend
and last is the duty as a moral person. It is quite simple that in the scenario my friend’s lover has
an affair and it is an immoral doing and I’m the one who discovered which I need to tell my
friend but the problem is I need to take a risk because I also have the duty of an employer that
needs to follow a certain rule, the duty as a moral person also include here because as a person or
a human being I have my own ethics which I believe to use it in a virtuous way. In these three
duties it stands for a great risk which means it have a consequence when it’s done but the main
point for this is doing the right thing because it does not always depend on the consequences
rather do the right thing and do not do the wrong thing. In life there are ways to solve a problem,
if none, then find one and that is what I’m going do to solve that dilemma that I’m having even
there are a great chance for that risk to happen, still the duty as a friend and as a moral person
have a limit but still I do not know what type of action that will cause the great risk to happen but
it will be shown because I know what my intention actually is.
Assessment Task:
Critique Paper
Name: BATUCA, FRIA MARIE E. Course & Year: BSCRIM-1B
I. Can the ethics of Immanuel Kant be the basis of morality? Why yes or why not?
Justify your claim. (20 pts.)
 Yes, as it said from the given discussion in the module that Immanuel Kant’s
ethics can be verify or a basis of morality because form his argument in action
and intention it does give an intel that a person need to do what is right and to
not do what is wrong, so does the explanation of an action is a choices of a
decision and the action will be known if a person know what its true intention,
furthermore, there are still a limitation in doing their duty because there are
some times that bringing most of the good then there might be a change to
good that turn into a violate a certain duty meaning from the morality there are
some limitation that need to balance a certain things to keep living into the
fullest because if it is too much or if there are no limitation, there is a great
chance to have a conflict between the intention and the action of a person.
Also from the argument of Immanuel Kant reflecting what is morally good is
only without a qualification in which anything else can be either bad or have a
contribution to bad doings. Even with the good doing or the it does evaluate of
being good there are some times that the goodness doesn’t turn into a good
result as there are a second claim that not all good can turn into a success and
this can be a basis to the morality as the best way to have goodness or achieve
it is to do an effort to have a morally right and praise them as morally good
even if they did not succeed to their expectation in moral goodness.
It is also includes here the work of choices as it said in the ethics of Immanuel
Kant there are differences in each choices that a person make to the others as it
subject to what they aim and the reason why but they are common in terms of
principle just like in morality which it is a set of principle that are also set for
everyone, in short a choices is a set of will that is part of the good will as the
choices that a person make should be like the act on what everybody does.
Topic 4: Utilitarianism
Teaching and Learning Activity
Activity 1
1. Cite at least three (3) personal experiences when you were able to apply the principle of
utilitarianism and explain why you said so.
 Sharing your own stories. In this experience where you share a story to someone, they
might relate to your own stories as everyone have their own unique story. To apply the
principle of utilitarianism where it is useful to everybody as someone can relate and
connect it to their own in which everybody is still writing their story, also from the way
people share their story will determine its intention from the way they act which it can
either be moral or immoral based on their way of telling it.
 Lying to others. The principle of utilitarianism determines whether the action is right or
wrong by its outcome. From this situation by lying to others is the act of doing according
to the rule of utilitarianism but in the act of utilitarianism it will be determine if it is
wrong when the outcome itself is not the least good.
 Stealing something from someone. To apply the principle of utilitarianism stealing from
someone is neither good or bad as what makes it good or bad is the consequences itself.
For example, when someone steal food from the food stall just to feed someone who are
in need then it can be either morally wrong or morally right that include the justification
for someone in need that it produces happiness than pain which it considers it as a
morally right in the sight of the action that the stealer shown.
Assessment Task:
Reaction Paper
1. Differentiate Act Utilitarianism from Rule Utilitarianism and give examples (15 pts.)
 When it comes to the Act Utilitarianism it is to promote the act of goodness for the
number of people. As it said that when the consequences show the happiness to the
numerous people then it is considered as morally acceptable because it attains the
result to a particular act that determine the effect of general happiness for example,
when giving a money to a charity would be considered as the right in the act
utilitarianism because the outcome of it is the happiness of many people, rather than
just yourself. While in the Rule Utilitarianism, this is just like in the Act
Utilitarianism which it gives a greatest good to the number of people but there are
certain moral rules that must be follow that must be morally acceptable that can be
utilized in order to decide whether the circumstances are either good or bad. For
example, be fair to others, don’t lie and don’t be manipulated is also a part of rule
utilitarianism gets a hold for, such as giving a greatest balance to produce greater
goods when producing one greatest good would benefit others which means the
main point is that giving the others what is the best just like what you have because
it will produce happiness not just by yourself but to others too.
2. Does the end always justify the means? Explain your answer. (15 pts.)
 It depends, because there are times that what you do is not actually the best
outcome from what you are expecting for. The action can be determined when the
consequences are being shown as it is also defined whether it is good or bad for you
or to the others. The end does not always justify the means, human nature only
focus on the outcome and human can overcome the difficulties that are coming to
the life of a human being and turn the sadness into a happiness but the positive is
not always a good thing when it comes to the methods of harming others and being
a dishonest person because that would only be the matter of means than the
outcome itself as a person can lie just to win something or to achieve a goal. But if
we are using the means to adhere the guidelines which is no matter how horrible the
outcome which means do justify the end. For example, the situation of a teen
respectfully telling its father about his drinking alcohol which is affecting the
family members, so the outcome of it would be guarantee if it is not good but the
outcome might come from anything but good so as the means for what was done
would justify any end that occurs.
Topic 5: Justice and Fairness

Assessment Task:
Reaction Paper
1. React whether you agree or disagree on the notion that “Equality does not necessarily
mean Fairness”. Give examples to support your claim. (15 points)
 Yes, as not all the times equality could be fair to others even if the saying that
equality means giving the others a chance to live the same as the others and to do
the same just like them but there is no such thing as fairness when comes to wealth
and status. For example, the taxation, in which people are equally pay their taxes
to increase the economic growth including the markets, the resources, and the
environmental development but the equality of the people paying taxes can
determine as not at all necessarily mean fairness as the people does not have the
same status in which there are so called the poor, where it has the disadvantage for
them when it comes to paying taxes because the money that they earned should be
their income in their daily needs but unfortunately their money will be in half
which is for their daily needs and for the taxation. Another example is claiming the
land where the equality is everyone can claim the land but they must pay for it or
if they have the title of that land under the law and that would be considered as not
fair for others who don’t have the ability to afford it where people can only live
there when they have the money for it which it is defined as unfairness.
Essay
1. Give at least one situation that is applicable for every distributive norm mentioned
above (15 points).
 EQUITY – when it represents the value that would be returned to a company’s
shareholders if all of the assets were liquidated and all of the company's debts
were paid off.
 EQUALITY – the situation where there is an equality in both men and women
when comes to differences but also it includes the LGBTQ community where
people must be treated equally without discrimination.
 POWER - The situation wherein people are using power to gain something. For
example, in the law where there are the branches of the government that have
certain roles such as the judiciary branch that have the power to create or make a
law a legal law in which it interprets it, the legislative branch they are authorized
to make laws and repeal them to the congress while the executive it carries out the
law and enforces the law. By these power it rules a numerous people with an
authority and respected by the people in it.
 NEED – for example when a poor family need something to lessen their hunger is
they find a solution to solve it but sometimes there are some people who are
willing to give a help to them.
 RESPONSIBILITY – the given situation for this is the leadership of a president
where the president maintains the balance and peace of its country which is being
part of the responsibility of a president is to ensure the safety and provide the
needs of its people.
Stand Point Paper
1. Basing from what you have learned on Rawls’ theory of Justice, Distributive justice and
taxation, make a stand point paper explaining whether or not the present Philippine
Taxation System (TRAIN) is fair. If yes, state social justice principles to support your
claim. If not, explain why. (30 points)
 For me, not really, by the fact that having the importance of Tax Reform for
Acceleration and Inclusion (TRAIN) law such as helping the poor to lift them up
from the poverty line and being equal to the people who are paying the taxes for
the growth of the economic scale, so as the proper expenditure of taxes for
government services such as education, health care system, infrastructure and
social services can assure that no Filipino is left behind as we carefully thread the
path to development ,removal of individual’s exemption and limitation to the
qualification for preferential tax rates but still there are some disadvantages of it,
as some studies that have been shown up that the TRAIN most likely worsened the
poverty and the income inequality of the country as in the poverty, not most
people are being lift up from the use of the TRAIN law because some of them are
below the scale of the poverty line, as for the inequalities in it the changes in the
income tax rate will negatively impact the high income earners while the low to
middle income earners will see an increase in net pay. Whether the taxation have
major role there are still some impact that both status, the rich and the poor, will
also have the side comment in it.
Chapter 5: Eastern Ethical Principles

Topic 1: Ethical Principles of Hinduism
Assessment Task
Essay
1. Explain how is karma, samsāra, and duhkha related? (15 points)
 From the word samsara it is considered as the cycle of birth, death and rebirth in
which in the other word the understanding of the world of suffering and
dissatisfaction which it is the duhkha and from that it is the result of karma where
a person ends in to suffering because of the deed or the action that does not
prevent in doing something bad. The main connection or the relation of this three
is their concept, the karma is the result of the actions of the person in their current
life, however, the samsara is the reincarnation of a person based on their karma
where they suffered from it which is the essential life in samsara from duhkha.
From the reflection of the people’s life the samsara’s pleasure and the
disinclination of duhkha continuing the creation of an environment that is within
our mind that creates destructive consequences in karma. From the karma’s
concept it is whether the result of its action are virtuous, non-virtuous or neutral, in
order to show the result and considering a short overview of the progressive
process of destroying the negativity in the karma’s seed so that there is no
possibility of ripening the result. Furthermore, the connection of these three is to
obtain the rightful act of the person and to change the possibility of suffering of
one another where it ends if someone of a person attain blowing out of the desire
and gaining the true sight of non self -reality.
Essay:
2. Give at least three (3) Hindu principles or practices that were imbibed and coated with
Western lifestyle. Explain. (15 points)
 Yoga. In Western lifestyle people tend to do an effort to connect or become with

one God and a way to heal their minds, bodies and souls. As the use of meditation
a yoga practice has been began many year ago at a religious of Hinduism where it
has been imbibed by them, western, because Hindus does appreciate or gladly
acknowledge the yoga from the western that focus mostly on shaping and
controlling the body, through the few religion and the yoga spread in the west
because of some are considering it as the means of uniting.
 Believing in one God/ Brahman. As Hindu recognize one God and so as

worshipping in the temple is also imbibed and coated with western lifestyle
because when grew out of the Christian belief that man could achieve to have a
personal union with God as they define that God helps them to maintain a healthy
lifestyle and so as the Hindu who believe in one God even though they have
different Gods.
 Believing in karma. Western lifestyle has the tendency to believe in karma as it is

mostly talk about it to be real. Where in the west, the modern idea of karma is not
so much into spiritual reality as type of luck influenced by deeds, rather it is
appealing to attempt to influence the fortune and something from seemingly
beyond their control which of course with definite action.
Topic 2: Ethical Principles of Buddhism
Activity 1
Direction: Make a timeline indicating the major developments of Buddhism.
490 BC 461 BC 445 BC 410 BC 386 BC
Buddhism is
considered to be
founded by
Siddhartha
Gautama born Gautama Gautama dies
Gautama search becomes the after preaching
in a noble The
a solution for a Buddha and after about 45
family. Life of Mahasanghika
solution to gain his first years around
Shakyamuni school emerges.
suffering. followers. northern India.
Buddha which
based on whose
teachings
Buddhism
developed.
538 century 372 century 148 century 1st century CE 261 BC
A translation Emperor
Buddhism is Buddhism is Ashoka adopts
center is The Mahayana
introduced in introduced in Buddhism as
established in school emerges.
Japan. Korea. India’s state
China.
religion.
617 century March 10,

794 century 1253
1959
The Tibetan
Buddhism is Tibet chooses Uprising
Buddhism is
introduced in to follow increases
introduced to the
Tibet. Indian western interest
west
Buddhism. in Tibetan
Buddhism.
Assessment Task

I. Matching Type
A B
J 1. Anātman A. body of Dharma
K 2. Atman B. compassion
C 3. Avidyā C. Delusion
D 4. Bodhisattva D. enlightenment
A 5. Dharma-kāya E. Great Vehicle
L 6. Dukha F. indefinability of the reality
G 7. Hīnayāna G. Inferior Vehicle
N 8. Karma H. Knowledge
B 9. Karunā I. liberation from the laws of karma
E 10. Mahāyāna J. Not Self
I 11. Nirvana K. Self
O 12. Prājña L. Suffering
M 13. Samsara M. the round of rebirth
F 14. Śūnyatā N. universal cause-and-effect principle
H 15. Vidyā O. wisdom
II. Essay:
2. What does Buddhism recommend for an individual to liberate himself from suffering.
(15 points)
 Understanding the lead of noble truths in which it consists of the enlightenment

such as 1) life is suffering; 2) suffering has a cause; it is attachment, ignorance and
desire; 3) suffering has an end – it is nirvāna; 4) there is an eightfold path to
overcome suffering. Also it recommends the on the way to extinguish the desire
which cause of suffering and to liberate oneself from the attachment. From the
suffering it is all about the reality in which Buddhism teachings do not end in
suffering it is rather telling what an individual can do about it and how to end it.
Furthermore, the way the Buddhism deals with the suffering from their beliefs that
causes the enlightenment of both the body and the soul which the suffering will
come to an end and that is to get rid of the desire and pleasure even if it is intact in
the person’s life it is still need to remove and don’t let bad karma get into it. An
individual can also do what the Buddhism believe that it can make a peace in their
mind and soul in which the individual might find something that could get their
life in much more stable and support their given decision, this will also include the
eight division of Buddhism such as right understanding, right intention, right
speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness and right
concentration where it tells about the rights and not to be taken order but to have
wisdom, Ethical conduct and the meditation for the individual.
Topic 3: Ethical Principles of Confucianism
Activity 2
Direction: Students choose three quotes from Confucius. Create and decorate a poster with two
(2) columns:
 Write the three quotes in a column that is labeled “Confucius says…”
 Paraphrase (put into your own words) the three quotes in a column that is labelled “(Your
Name) says…”
 Add a picture(s) to each column.
Assessment Task
Reaction Paper
I. How do you relate Confucian principles to politics for the improvement of governance
in the Philippines? Justify your claim. (15 points)
 From connecting it to the reality as the Confucian principles provides the

understanding of the importance of the social harmony to the people who re living
in it. For the improvement of the governance in the Philippines it will give an idea
on being a responsible ruler that should be good and have a good character in the
government as a moral duty such as justice, sincerity, kindness and the way of
visualizing the importance of the golden rule. Also to attain the skilled judgement
of the governance in the Philippines rather than the knowledge of rule as not all
the time the rules in the correct position in which the best governance is the one
that rule through rites and having the people’s morality which is not concluding
the bribery and other types of unmoral actions. "If the people be led by laws, and
uniformity sought to be given them by punishments, they will try to avoid the
punishment, but have no sense of shame. If they be led by virtue, and uniformity
sought to be given them by the rules of propriety, they will have the sense of the
shame, and moreover will become good." These sayings will also be the way of
the path that the governance in the Philippine should take personally and apply to
it.
Furthermore, for those who have political power will likely change by the teaching
of Confucian principles as for them to model the earlier examples when in times of
chaos, conflict between the different status of the people, and the endless wars
between the feudal states. The main point for this is to have the peace of the world
by applying the given guidelines between the people who are in power and the
people who are being ruled where the rulers spread their own virtues to the people
instead of imposing proper behavior with laws and rules.
Assessment Task:
Reflection Paper
I. Could Confucianism provide a philosophical basis for developing business ethics for
today’s corporations? Explain why you said so. (15 points)
 Yes, because the Confucianism provide a certain teaching that in the best way of
having a best entrepreneur is for those who apply the values from the
Confucianism which talks about the priority of serving the society not making
personal gains and benefits just for oneself. Also maintain the respect in moral
beliefs in all aspect of business practices. The Confucian values were applicable in
giving a positive interpersonal relation to the business and work place where it
attributes the given regards in human resource management in particular. The
developing business ethics for today’s corporation will be guided by the
Confucianism such as the values of long term orientation, the resistance from
corruption, nurturing of relation between the workplace and the person who is
managing it which can lead into the improvement of the developing the positivity
in business connections. The view of the practice in Confucianism towards the
business ethics is to aid the creation of the entrepreneurs who are one of the reason
from a developing society must hold the righteousness and moral power where
performing the ethical business practice. Balancing the righteousness and
profitableness can reached moral values that will achieve into the role in shaping
and maintaining the importance of it is what makes it the basis for developing
business ethics for today’s corporations.
Topic 4: Ethical Principles of Taoism (Daoism)
Assessment Task
1. How can the Daoist thought help in the environmental crisis that we are globally
experiencing now? Support your claim. (15 points)
 Giving the importance of nature and respecting it as a human being, also having
the interaction between the world and the human society. The Daoist thought help
the environmental crisis that we are globally experiencing as it emphasizes the
harmony with the natural and balanced order of the universe wherein giving the
flourishment only in one way to attuned the right order of the nature. Nevertheless,
the environmental crisis be lessened by the Daoist thought because of its wise rule
in interpreting the power of goodness though not separating in the human quality.
In short, the Daoist brought an action that simply define the patience and
compassion not only to each other but also from the surroundings where the
compassionate toward yourself is you reconcile all beings in the world.
2. Make a critique on man’s pursuit of science and technology to transform the world
using atleast three principles of Daoism. (15 points)
 Simplicity, Patience and Compassion. With the changes in the world, even with
the advancement it is still much more suitable if a person has a simple action and
thoughts because that is where a human begins with, with more simplicity. With
patience everything will be done, the more patient that a person can do is the more
he or she can able to achieve its goal
 Too much success. People should restraint from too much success as not all the
time it is good for their character. Even if it talks about the development and the
advancement. Some desire the people have could lead into a path of selfishness.
This principle of Daoism letting the people understand that to be too successful is
to be on the path to defeat.
 Affluence in bio diversity. This principle of Daoism it is to let both the

government and the people to take good care of the nature, even with the
advancement that the man pursue, they must not destroy the living because If all
things in the universe grow well, then a society is a community of affluence. If not,
this kingdom is on the decline.
Chapter VI: Ethics Through Thick and Thin & Ethics and Globalization
Topic 1: Globalization and Pluralism: New Challenges to Ethics
Activity 2
Direction: Research one finished product whose materials came from at least two
countries of origin from being a raw material to its processing in a factory or several
factories until its display in a store or mall in a certain country.
a. Explain briefly the history of the product.
b. Discuss any ethical issue if any in the making of the product.
Product: French fries

Description: French fries originated in Belgium where the country of France also
claiming the invention of French fries. French fries is a fried potato chips where
the alternative name of it is chips, finger chips, fries, frites, hot chips, steak fries,
potato wedges and wedges. This is commonly as the course, the side dish or snack
rarely as a main dish. The French fries were invented by street vendors on the Pont
Neuf bridge in Paris in 1789. But according to them, it was in Belgium where
potatoes were being fried in the late-1600’s.
Ethical Issue: discuss the claiming the origin of the French fries and the
nondisclosure and corporate espionage.
Assessment Task:
Exercise 1
Direction: Analyze the truth and falsity of the following statements. Write true if the
statement is correct. If false, encircle the word that renders it wrong and supply the correct
answer in the space provided.
True 1. In its historical sense, globalization is understood as the free

movement of goods, capital, services, technology and
information.
Sociological 2. Globalization from the philosophical perspective refers to all
those processes by which the people of the world are
incorporated into a single world society.
True 3. Globalization is the compression of the world and the
intensification of the consciousness of the world as a whole.
True 4. Due to faster, further and deeper global integration, complex

issues are bound to arise which cannot be ignored.
True 5. Ethics’ traditional manner of explaining good and evil and

how to lead a good and happy life in order to guide us in the
right direction, needs to be reconstructed.
Unique 6. While there maybe some ethical principles that are similar,
every culture’s beliefs and practices vary which makes the
exercise of ethics common.
True 7. In Ethics, moral pluralism assumes that there are many
independent and different sources of moral values.
Open-minded 8. Moral pluralists tend to be close-minded when faced with
competing viewpoints.
True 9. Pluralism questions moral truths which becomes problematic
since moral absoluteness of a human act is affirmed by
religions.
Impotent 10. Not only is pluralism ethically irresponsible, it is also
morally effective.
Exercise 2
Essay: (10 points each item)

1. 1. How does globalization reshape the different dimensions in our lives?
 Globalization give an impact that it consists of changing the way we live for. The
process of influencing our health through multiple social interaction from
irrevocably changing how we lead our lives and understand the place that we are in.
The core of it is how the globalization shape the international by negotiating. This
means that de-territorialization of time and space also shape our lives as it consists of
a phenomenon which leads the disappearance of borders between economic, social,
cultural and political relation which shape the modern relation and the
communication between the nations, although due to the globalization as a factor of
development, welfare and integration to the nations that lead to the distribution of
global benefits among people. Nevertheless, there are still some shaping that not all
people are in the same line such as the poor become poorer and the rich become the
richer.
2. 2. What is the role of ethics in a globalized world?
 In the form of understanding in making choices which it is also include the decision
making, helping us what is right and wrong, and also balancing the need and desire
of a people even in the modernization where people are in the advance world. When
it comes to the globalized world many people are in the places where they meet new
traditions and culture which the ethics will take roll of it because ethics will likely
appreciate the difference of culture traditions and diversity with the different way of
thinking. The common ground and practices will also develop from the help of ethics
to the globalization. Moreover, ethics cannot be separated in globalization because
the great changes which globalization has brought about to different cultural systems
necessitates changes in the philosophical field of Ethics.
3. Does moral pluralism seek balance in competing principles? Explain your answer.
 Yes, as moral pluralism seeks the conflicting moral views in which it is either of the
two choices in a decision that will going to be chosen, so as the competing principles
it does say that there is no wrong answer it is only in the action that a person will
make that is either worthy of respect. With the complication regarding the view
before deciding and taking an action which no single principle that hold all the
answers would answer it, in which it will give a balance the sensible middle ground
between “there is only one right answer” as moral absolutism says, and “there is no
wrong answer” as moral relativism claims.
3. 4. Does pluralism downplay a dialogue between subcultures and larger cultures?
 Yes, because pluralism also talks about the response in the diversity of subcultures
and cultures. As the global community grows, the individual’s cultures are being
weaken which makes the others step up to prevent the weakening point of it. It does
not matter which religion an individual can take adhere to is in effect to say that it
does not matter what behavior we adopt. For the common action that pluralism is to
be respectful and courageous in terms of showing the differences.
Topic 2: The Ethical Challenges of Millennials

Activity 3
In terms of Pre-marital sex and teenage pregnancy, millennials are willing and eager to
take risks; they don’t mind making mistakes-they consider this a learning opportunity. How
would you react to this statement about yourselves as millennials?
 When it comes from being a teenager there are always a curiosity in them which
sometimes that curiosity will get eager for them to do it. As a millennial for me, when a
teenager don’t mind in making a mistakes which will consider for them as learning
opportunity, it does gave me a point that teenagers are eager to do it because of the
people who are telling them or influencing them to do it, in which because of so many
cases of teenage pregnancy and pre-marital sex they get to the point that it is ok to do it
because the mistakes or the bad outcome will also pass by the time and people will accept
it. But the problem in it is the more they see it as a learning opportunity it will never
change unless they or their selves will change. Teenage pregnancy and pre-marital sex
cannot be solving unless the teenager don’t care at all.
Activity 4
Millennials are often at odds with their parents on so many things. List down five (5)
issues that you always find being debated upon or quarreled upon with your parents and ponder
the reasons why.
 Making a decision. The teenagers are often tending to have an independence, which in
the stage of being a teenager, they also think that they need a space because being a teen
is developing their own identity. Also teens are creating their own opinions, thoughts and
values about life, which parents are sometimes misunderstanding it or don’t truly
understand because of the age differences.
 Disagreement in having a relationship to others. For some parents the teenagers are still a
child that needs to learn in terms of the reality in which they expect them to learn and
don’t undergo into a relationship because some relationship can affect their stage of being
a teenager.
 Grades. Some parents have a high expectation to their child because some of them they
indicate their goal to their child for him or for her to continue what the parent have dream
for.
 Generation gap. This is one of the reason why teenagers are fighting with their parents.
Teenagers have a lot of going through their minds, the peer pressure, the academic
pressure and about sexuality and love. With this some teenagers don’t usually talk to their
parents which they hide lot of secrets. But to protect their teenage child they also became
strict in a lot of things but teenagers are easily frustrated in it as they just want a freedom
for themselves.
 Perspective and attitude. For the parents with their older generation compared to the
younger generation they have different ways in perceiving things, they have different
attitude towards a certain thing. Sometimes when looking at something and having a
different definition of it, the other may be offended from the opinion of others in which it
will turn into a conflict.
Activity 5
Go to this site and listen intently on a short lecture on “The Problem with Millennials:
Why People Call You Entitled” by Jonathan Sprinkles: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-
oVYN7YhB4. Make a brief summary about the talk and make a reaction
 The generation of millennials are being called entitled or so called lazy because from the
technological world that we are in it change from how the others used to many years ago.
From the talent that a person has there are some possibilities that it does not exist in the
world or from the current generation because of the technology. Also because of the
technology people are being adopt to it from doing things that they do and doing things
that they don’t. from the generation of millennial it is simply believed according to the
video that they are not lazy but they are just impatient where it consists of doing whatever
they want and because of the changes that happen it does give an idea on searching for
opportunities from what they are capable of which give the millennials some opportunity
to see the possible with the help of technology. From this point, the new generation is
basically different from the old ones because with the development, it changes anything,
anything that turn into everything.
ASSESSMENT TASK
Exercise 1
Essay: (15 points each item)

1. Does generation difference have something to do with the issues in ethics? Do our sense of
right or wrong and our sense of good or bad change with age group? Justify your answer.
 Yes, the generation difference does have something to do with the issue in
ethics, because the beliefs and values of the new generation ae different from
the old generation in which it gives a conflict. Our sense of right or wrong
and our sense of good or bad can be determine in age group depending on
that particular group because some of them does have their own perspective
in which when the others think that it is right then the others will think that it
is wrong, nevertheless, the attitude is also based on what senses they will
show whether they are younger or not.
2. Choose one of the ideologies that influence millennials and evaluate its strength and weakness
as basis of moral behavior.
 The ideology of humanism, the strength of it to them is they have the

opportunity to do what they where they can show what they are capable of
which can shape their given life even when they are in their younger days.
Also to improve their self-identification such as finding who they truly are,
for them to flourish it and keep developing it for their own future. While the
weakness of this ideology of humanism is when some of the teenagers are
putting their freedom into the line where they think that they know
everything than the people who are much older than them, because they
think that in the advance world where technology are born, they used to have
more knowledge that the old generation in which can lead into an ego where
they claim to be the most knowledgeable person.
Topic 3: The Role of Religions in Ethics
Activity 7
Points for discussion: The constitution says that there must be a “separation of church and
state.” Public schools are run by the government. Doesn't this mean that any religious
activity must be outlawed in public schools?
 Yes, because the law that is indicate in the government that any religious activity
can be done if the school are catholic or a religious school, the public schools are
the exemption in terms of teaching a religious activity. There are no certain law
even if the teacher is a major in cfp or a subject that indicates the religion he or she
cannot have the lecture about religious.
Activity 8
Go to this link and watch the debate:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UisxYorDNr4
The question being debated upon is this: “Do we need religion to create a moral society?”
Pay close attention to their different contentions and establish your own arguments on
their positions also.
 For me, from the question of “do we need religion to create a moral society?” I
believe not exactly do we need it, because religion is only a description to us
human beings on what we believe what God wants to teach us but the most
important thing is to provide a moral society it must come from us because we the
humans are the one who are shaping the society, which means it is up to us to
attain some morality in a society. In short, it simply defines that a religion is only a
temporary definition for learning the right and wrong but the human particularly
ourselves is the one who will have it and can claim it from the very start.
ASSESSMENT
Exercise 1
Reaction Paper:
1. President Duterte wants to revive death penalty despite the situation that the country is
a melting pot of different Christian and religious institutions. Discuss the possibility of its
revival and answer this question: Is death penalty immoral? Discuss also your answer.
 The possibility of it revival is it might come into an outcome that some people
might include themselves where they may face the death penalty without giving a
judgement from what they do or proving themselves to be innocent. Now from the
question, “is death penalty immoral”, from the perspective of some people who are
agreeing to it is no but from the law of ethics and morality then it is yes because
killing someone even if they do something bad or even if it is an accident it is still
not right to kill someone, there are no further explanation when killing a person
because it is a big sin not just from yourself but also from the eye of the people
and God.
Exercise 2
1. Make a critic of this claim: “Fundamentalism is a traditionalist movement, that it is an

effort by sincere people to retain a place for old fashioned (or at least what they took to
be old fashioned) values in a rapidly modernizing world. There is a genuine apprehension
or even outright fear that fundamentalists experience as they face the future: they see a
growing threat of their most precious possessions, their children, liable to be taken from
them by alien teachings of the world. Just like many other social and religious groups,
fundamentalists are looking backward to find resources for dealing with the troubling
changes in the present.” (Wacker, n.d.)
 Fundamentalism is somehow interpreting what they believe that can help the
troubling change in the present which can make the future in much more at risk as
they see the growing threats of it not just by one person but also for the numerous
people. From their point it is to consider the old fashioned and reclaim what they
usually do like a protestant Christian who believe that all the miracles in the Bible
really happened. The linked that the fundamentalist are purchasing is to increase in
both spiritual wee-being and decreased the spiritual anxiety. Nevertheless, it
includes looking backward from the past just to search for the resources is to keep
with the traditional Christian doctrines concerning biblical interpretation and the
mission that given by the Lord.
Activity 9
Direction: Download these articles for you to read and understand; use the given links
and answer the questions provided below:
a. Hersh, M.A. (2016). Terrorism, human rights and ethics: A modelling approach.
Journal of Socialomics 5:2. https://www.longdom.org/open-access/terrorism-human-
rights-and-ethics-a-modelling-approach-2167-0358-1000148.pdf
b. Rausch, C.C. (2015). Fundamentalism and Terrorism. Journal of Terrorism Research,
6(2). DOI: http://doi.org/10.15664/jtr.1153
c. Wright, J. D. (2016). Why is contemporary religious terrorism predominantly linked to
Islam? Four possible psychosocial factors. Perspectives on Terrorism, Vol. 10, No. 1.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/26297516.pdf
1. With the event that happened in Marawi City and in some other places around the
world that had the same fate, how does religious fundamentalism increase the likelihood
terrorism?
 The religious fundamentalism increased the likelihood of terrorism by providing

the definition of the ethical analysis in terms of the issues where it says that related
to the commission of terrorist acts, including whether they are ever ethically
permissible and, if so, in what circumstances. By the means of it is they judge
according to the circumstances that they will show because it can be either be
good or bad. It is also involved in counter-terrorism activities, including whether it
is justified to suspend human rights in the fight against terrorism and if so, in
which circumstances and which rights. The same for this circumstances fighting
terrorism and other threats, many of which actually or potentially result in much
higher numbers of deaths and injuries. Moreover, the right and wrong of doings of
terrorism is based on their circumstances where they can only look up to it if their
rights are not in the right place.
2. Counter terrorism has its own ethical loopholes. Identify and briefly describe/explain
those loopholes?
 To identify their rights, where there is violence that is occurring because of

wanting to identify what they actually right for them. Some rights are recognized
as having a special status as norms which means that there are no circumstances
whatsoever I which derogation from them is permissible. Terrorism target civilians
in the pursuit of political or ideological aims.
Assessment Task:
Exercise 3

Reaction Paper
1. The Anti-Terror Law is a counter terrorism mechanism by the Philippine
government under the leadership of President Duterte presently being questioned
by progressive groups, NGOs, people’s organizations, church groups and many
more in the Supreme Court. Why? Are those reasons opposing the Anti-terror Law
logically reasonable/justifiable? Explain.
 The broad offences as the engaging in the acts intended to endanger a

person’s life is to intended to damage property or interfere with the
critical infrastructure. It says that the government needs a strong law to
prosecute militants aligned with the Islamic state and a decades-old
communist insurgency. For the new law it includes a possible
punishment of life, it is an imprisonment without parole in which rights
advocates that leaves no chance for rehabilitation and also allows
wiretaps and lengthy surveillance which rises privacy concerns
according to rights activists. So much for that law, it indicate that poor
human rights record has amplified apprehensions over the new anti-
terrorism law, that must be the reason why they are opposing it.

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BATUCAL, FRIA MARIE E.

Name: Fria Marie E. Batucal Course & Year: BS in Criminology – 1b

C 8. Matters of tastes or preferences are considered in the category of:

2. What makes an experience a moral experience?

3. Being too sensitive. This picture talks about

7. The balikbayan mentality. This attitude of

10. General disregard for rules. Filipinos have

Dear (imaginary) child in the future

Assessment Task: (25 points in each item)

Name: FRIA MARIE E. BATUCAL Course & Year: BSCRIM-1B

Assessment Task: (15 points each item)

THEOLOGICAL ETHICS 6. It is a theory of morality that derives duty

Individual Virtue Reason

Name: BATUCAL, FRIA MARIE E. Course & Year: BSCRIM-1B

2. h phronesis b. abstract world of thought

3. a visible world c. Form of Good

4. j soul d. end, purpose, or goal

7. d telos g. flourishing or well-being

8. e “Know yourself”. h. prudence

9. b intelligible world of Forms i. excellence

10. g Eudaimonia j. seat of knowledge & virtue

Name: BATUCAL, FRIA MARIE E. Course & Year: BSCRIM-1B

True 1. Aquinas’ defined law as an ordinance of reason for the

2. Is Aristotle’s golden mean a one-size-fits-all method?

Activity 1 Situation Analysis

Topic 5: Justice and Fairness

Chapter 5: Eastern Ethical Principles

Name: BATUCAL, FRIA MARIE E. Course & Year: BSCRIM-1B

1. Explain how is karma, samsāra, and duhkha related? (15 points)

Name: BATUCAL, FRIA MARIE E. Course & Year: BSCRIM-1B

 Yoga. In Western lifestyle people tend to do an effort to connect or become with

 Believing in one God/ Brahman. As Hindu recognize one God and so as

 Believing in karma. Western lifestyle has the tendency to believe in karma as it is

490 BC 461 BC 445 BC 410 BC 386 BC

538 century 372 century 148 century 1st century CE 261 BC

617 century March 10,

Name: BATUCAL, FRIA MARIE E. Course & Year: BSCRIM-1B

 Understanding the lead of noble truths in which it consists of the enlightenment

Name: BATUCAL, FRIA MARIE E. Course & Year: BSCRIM-1B

 From connecting it to the reality as the Confucian principles provides the

Name: BATUCAL, FRIA MARIE E. Course & Year: BSCRIM-1B

Name: BATUCAL, FRIA MARIE E. Course & Year: BSCRIM-1B

 Affluence in bio diversity. This principle of Daoism it is to let both the

Topic 1: Globalization and Pluralism: New Challenges to Ethics

Product: French fries

Name: BATUCAL, FRIA MARIE E. Course & Year: BSCRIM-1B

True 1. In its historical sense, globalization is understood as the free

True 4. Due to faster, further and deeper global integration, complex

True 5. Ethics’ traditional manner of explaining good and evil and

Name: BATUCAL, FRIA MARIE E. Course & Year: BSCRIM-1B

Essay: (10 points each item)

2. 2. What is the role of ethics in a globalized world?

3. 4. Does pluralism downplay a dialogue between subcultures and larger cultures?

Topic 2: The Ethical Challenges of Millennials

Name: BATUCAL, FRIA MARIE E. Course & Year: BSCRIM-1B

Essay: (15 points each item)

 The ideology of humanism, the strength of it to them is they have the

Name: BATUCAL, FRIA MARIE E. Course & Year: BSCRIM-1B

Name: BATUCAL, FRIA MARIE E. Course & Year: BSCRIM-1B

1. Make a critic of this claim: “Fundamentalism is a traditionalist movement, that it is an

 The religious fundamentalism increased the likelihood of terrorism by providing

 To identify their rights, where there is violence that is occurring because of

Name: BATUCAL, FRIA MARIE E. Course & Year: BSCRIM-1B