GEC 7 - ETHICS

JOANN E. FAUSTO
BSIT 2A

Chapter 1: Basic Concepts in Ethics

Activity 2
Direction: Answer the essay question. Please see attach rubrics. (15 points item)
How does the shutting down of ABS-CBN and non-renewal of its franchise fall under the
category of either good or right? Or both good and right?

Assessment Task
Exercise 1
Name: JOANN E. FAUSTO Course & Year: BSIT2A
I. True or False: Write T if the statement is true and write F if the statement is
false. Erasures will void your answer (10 pts).
T 1. Ethics refers to a set of ideas about what is right and wrong, whereas
morality refers to practical behavior as judged according to someone’s
ideas about right and wrong.
F 2. Goodness and rightness are complementary portions of the moral field and
alternative ways of organizing the whole field to carry out the tasks of morality.
F 3. Something that benefits something or someone else is called right for that
thing or person.
T 4. A consequentialist approach to ethics gives meaning to the term ‘good’ by
reference to the effects of an action or event.
F5. When we say moral rules, we mean prescribed guides for conduct and
generalizations that describe physical reality, such as the laws of nature.
T 6. The rightness paradigm recognizes that people live in groups that require
organization and regulations, and frames values in terms of duty and
conformance to rules.
F7. Ethics is from the Latin term ethika referring to principles or standards of
human conduct sometimes called morals from the Greek term mores.
F 8. Some synonyms for “good” are ‘proper’, ‘legal’ and ‘correct’.
T 9. According to deontological approach, an action is justified on the basis of a
quality or characteristic of the act itself, regardless of its consequences.
F 10. The biological usage of ‘good’ as expressed in terms of health and well-
being leads to instrumental usage.
II. Essay: Contrast the two concepts and give an example: “whatever is right does
not mean it is good and whatever is good does not mean it is right” (25
points).

We all know that Good refers the principles and beliefs and Right refers to
person’s duty and action. For example, the difference between good and
right. You report a person to the police for stealing a cellphone. That is just a
Right thing to do. On the other hand, you talked tot hat person to give back
the cellphone to the owner and persuade not to do it again and that is a
Good thing to do.
So the statement is “whatever is right does not mean it is a good and
whatever is good does not mean it is right” . For example, what if the person
stole again. You did a good thing for giving the person a second chance,
however, it will become wrong because it was not the right thing to do to give
the person a chance. But if the person will stopped stealing the good thing
you did will become a right deed.
 Topic 2: Moral versus Non-Moral Standards
Activity 1
Direction: At home, the student together with some members of his/her family will make a
video clip skit, showing moral standards, non-moral standards, amoral acts and unmoral acts.

Assessment Task
Exercise 2
Name: JOANN E. FAUSTO Course & Year: BSIT 2A
I. Determine the following statements on what category do they belong.
a. Moral
b. Non-moral
c. Amoral
d. Unmoral
e. None of the Above
_B_1. Talking while your mouth is full.
_B_2. Stealing your neighbor’s properties.
_B_3. Texting while driving.
_D_4. A giant wave flips your boat upside down.
_C_5. A mentally challenged kid throws a metal pipe to the head of his brother
_B 6. NPAs burning trucks, factories and heavy equipment
_C__7. A moving car on the road
_A__8. Passing your ethics subject
_B__9. Photocopying a published book
_B__10. Paying for the expertise of an English critic
II. Multiple Choice: Choose the letter that best describes your answer.
__C_1. It is a metaphor for moral norms that indicates or directs types of actions
that are right or wrong, obligatory or permitted.
a. Model for an art class
b. Carpenter’s square
c. Road sign
d. Architect’s blueprint
_A__2. Everyone’s interest is objectively counted as equal means:
a. Based on impartial considerations
b. Not established by law or legislature
c. Overriding
d. Linked with special emotions & vocabulary
_D__3. The feeling of guilt, shame and remorse arise as an individual acts
contrary to certain moral standards.
a. Based on impartial considerations
b. Not established by law or legislature
c. Involved with injuries or benefits
d. Linked with emotions & vocabulary
_A_4. This metaphor for moral norms helps concretize values and realize ideals to
fit them with the individual’s circumstances.
a. Model for an art class
b. Carpenter’s square
c. Road sign
d. Architect’s blueprint
_A__5. This is a characteristic of moral standards that affect the well-being of
humans, animals and the surroundings.
a. Linked with special emotions and vocabulary
b. Involved with serious injuries and benefits
c. Overriding
 d. Not established by law or legislature
_C__6. The validity of these moral standards lies on the adequacy of the reasons
that are taken to support and justify them.
a. Overriding
b. Based on impartial considerations
c. Not established by law or legislature
d. Involved with serious injuries and benefits
_B__7. It is a metaphor for moral norms to guide one’s conscience in making
moral judgments.
a. Model for an art class
b. Carpenter’s square
c. Road sign
d. Architect’s blueprint

_C__8. Matters of tastes or preferences are considered in the category of:

a. Moral
b. Unmoral
c. Non-moral
d. Amoral
_A__9. Moral standards should be preferred to other values including self-interest.
a. Overriding
b. Not established by law or legislature
c. Linked with special emotions and vocabulary
d. Based on impartial considerations
_D__10. It is a metaphor for moral norms whose purpose is to teach moral wisdom
of a community and serve as moral reminders of communal wisdom.
a. Model for an art class
b. Carpenter’s square
c. Road sign
d. Architect’s blueprint
III. Essay. (15 points in each item)
1. When do we say that a standard is moral?

We can say that a standard is a moral if there is a concern behavior to a

serious consequences to human welfare that can profoundly injure it benefits
people. It takes priority over other standards including self-interest. If the standard
or practices with serious immediate effects upon human well being. If the standard
is concerned with or relating to human behavior, especially the distinction between
and good behavior

2. What makes an experience a moral experience?

An experience make a moral experience if an experience will shape a person

that requires understanding, interpretation and application. Every experience to
which we are subjected involves us actively, individually and personally so that
every experience will touches and shapes us based on who we truly are. An
experience is a moral experience if our experience will enable us to be morally
matured and enable us to think how things work, what people are doing, and
 how you able to overcome things in a morally matured way.

Topic 3: Moral Dilemmas

Assessment Task
Exercise 3
Name: JOANN E. FAUSTO Course & Year: BSIT 2A
I. Essay. (15 points in each item)
1. Why do we have moral dilemmas?

A moral dilemmas typically involves a situation which a difficult decision must be

made regarding two or more choices that are not necessarily moral or ethical. We
have moral dilemmas because there are times that we come across a problem that
test our mental skill and judgment. We must decide which is the lesser of the two
problems. Sometimes, it is not easy to choose or there is no wrong choice. But no
matter how we handle a moral dilemma, there won’t be a right or wrong answer. It’s
up to the circumstances. At the end of the day, the person facing moral dilemma will
be mentally, morally ,spiritually challenged to make their own decision.

2.Why only humans can be ethical?

Only humans can be ethical because human have the capacity for using reason to
guide their conduct. Human are able to reflect, think rational and make judgments
about their own thoughts and action either it is a good or bad and as a result are
able to make moral choices. Human have the capacity to change the way we
behave and to our society. Human have intellect and will.

Topic 4: Freedom as a Foundation of Ethics

Activity 1: Watch the video entitled “philosophy of liberty” (HD with voiceover) on youtube.com.
Write down two personal realizations and submit online (This depends on the applications
your teacher uses). Check this link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8GazZBvHhgQ

I had a lot of realization and I learned a lot of things after watching the video entitled “The
Philosophy of Liberty”. The first thing that I realized is about myself, that I own myself that no
other person owns my life nor the lives of others. I exist in time which is the past, present and
future and it is been manifested by the product of my life and, liberty and life. If I lose my life I
will also lose my future, if I lose my liberty then I will also lose my present and if I also lose the
product of my life and liberty then I will lose the portion of my past. And I have the right to
protect my own life and liberty. The second thing I realized is that success and failure are both
important in order for me to grow and learn, which I agree for this statement. I believed that a
person has to face a lot of challenges before they will achieve success and through the
journey of that person, failures will serve as the instrument to do better things. Failure leads to
success. No one cannot succeed without failing and we cannot grow and learn from it. Never
giving up means you learn from your mistake and accepting failure is a progress that we get
closer and closer to our goal as we learn more things. Success is the result of bad
experiences in life. The path to success is filled with difficulties and hurdles. Bad experiences
in life teach us many valuable lessons and to be successful. By learning from bad
experiences, human beings can achieve big things in life.

Assessment Task
Exercise 4
Name: JOANN E. FAUSTO Course & Year: BSIT2A
I. Essay: (45 points).
1. Write something about freedom of expression in relation to fake news in
Philippine mass media.
2. Make a critic on the Philippine government’s control versus freedom of speech
and thoughts.
3. Make an assessment on freedom and television effects among young Filipino
students today.

Fake news in the Philippines has been problematic where social media
has played a much greater role in the political influence. Philippines has 225
television stations, 329 AM radio broadcast stations, 583 FM radio broadcast
stations, 10 internet radio stations, 5 shortwave stations and 7 million newspaper
in circulation. Some giant media companies in the broadcasting industry have
adapted in the online news portal which includes GMA Network, ABS-CBN, and
TV5 . The online news portal was used as strategy due to the growing number of
Filipinos who use social media instead of television in watching the news through
snippets or short video clips and due to this there are lots of disinformation and
fake news that Filipino readers have turned into alternative news sources.
Philippine Government can limit some protected speech by imposing “time
place and manner” restrictions. This is most commonly done by requiring
 permits for meetings, rallies and demonstrations. Many people seem to believe
there is a law titled “Freedom of Speech” that allows you to say anything. In
fact, the first Amendment does not actually promise you the right to say
whatever you want. It simply states the government can take no action that
interfere with those rights
Freedom of speech is important to students because it creates an
environment to freely discuss their ideas ad develop then with the input of
others.It has bad and good effects. Without it, students may not be able to
share or express their ideas and opinion to others. A student’s voice is a major
factor to the world’s future. Students needs to learn how to voice their
opinions. Freedom of Speech in students is a precious thing. Taking that away
for them will only lead to future problems. It will not lead to success nor will it
lead to an advance in the society. But it will lead to society’s plummeting.In the
other hand, there should also limitation because it might be abused and in
order to protect the students from harassment and bullying. Television has a
positive and negative effects in students. Too much time in front of the TV
reduces student’s learning abilities, academic achievement. However,
television also contributes to our education and knowledge

MODULE CONTENT
Topic 1: Role of Culture in Moral Behavior
Activity 4:
Direction: Visit this site and write one page reaction paper:
https://arete.ateneo.edu/assets/site/Barbaza-Tapat.pdf and https://arete.ateneo.edu/connect/usapang-tapat-tungo-sa-isang-katutubong-etika

USAPANG TAPAT: TUNGO SA ISANG KATUTUBONG WIKA

Wika or the language is the way in enable us to communicate and to understand each
other and this also includes ethics. According to Mr. Remmon E. Barbaza is very mysterious
or mahiwaga and the word honest or tapat has seven meaning which he tackled in the video.
First is honest as being near; “nasa tapat lang”. Second is honest as being real; “katapatan”.
Third is honest as being reliable and always there for you; “tapat na kaibigan”. Fourth is
honest as being right price; “may tawad ba?”. Fifth is honest as being equivalent; “maghanap
ka ng katapat mo”. Sixth is honest as being self-opening;”pagtatapat ng pag-ibig o kasalanan”.
and the last one is honest as being having gratitude; “paano ko matapatan ang kabutihan mo.”
And if we will combine the different meaning of honest it will give us the meaning of native
ethics or katutubong etika. The first thing that ethics demands that you approach or lumapit
ka. The second is be true and noble. Third is be a real friend, always be willing to help. Fourth
is you shouldn’t let them them degrade you nor shouldn’t degrade others. Fifth is always be
fair, do not be selfish. Sixth is open yourself to others and the seventh is goodness to
goodness, blessing to blessing. In his lecture I hear the words “ gantimpala, ganti, at
pagpapala” and if you show goodness to others, the goodness will payback to you in a way of
blessings. Sometimes we are wondering if we are being honest to everyone. If we are giving
the right treatment to others.Just like the farmers, they are working in the farm even if it is
raining or shining they really work hard for it and yet they still not be able to receive the
payback of their efforts because of the low price of rice.
I learned a lot of things about the discussion of Mr. Barbaza. As a human we should be
observant on the things that surrounds us. Sometimes we think that we are doing right but it is
actually wrong. We should be fair, we should not treat others too much nor inadequate. Mr.
Barbaza gave examples such human lost a lot of things just like money because people
surrounds him are not honest which are scammers or they are theft. Some people are lacking
or things but some people have too much things. As a student I should be honest all the time.
And I should everyone equally and God will provide the reward that I deserve.

Activity 5: Toxic Filipino culture we should fix. Write your reactions on the pictures depicted
below and the negative attitudes they imply.
1. The picture depicts about Toxic
Filipino Culture believing that Fair skin
is better than Dark Skin. We should be
proud of our Kayumanggi skin.
Kinaiinggitan ng mga banyaga yan.
The negative attitudes will imply the
discrimation of others

2.

The picture depicts about Toxic Filipino

Culture which shaming Ninong/Ninang
for not giving gifts. We should not treat
our ninong/ninang as our ATM.
3. The picture depicts the Toxic Filipino
Culture which Older relatives insulting the
younger ones in the guise of giving “advice”.
The negative attitude it will imply is you can’t
defend yourself they might think you are
being nasty or rude to them

4.
The picture depicts the Toxic Filipino
culture which using the word
“bakla/tomboy” as an insult. The
negative attitude it will imply is the
person might afraid to show who really
they are. There is discrimination
5.
The picture depicts the Toxic Filipino
Culture which is ‘Palibre and
Pasalubong Mentally” Be thankful if
there is, do not allude if there is none.

6.
The picture depicts the Toxic Filipino
Culture which is “PinoyFried Double
Standards”. Being proud of our fellow
Pinoys is okay. But excessive credit-
grabbing that are out of place is not
okay

7.
The picture depicts the Toxic Filipino
Culture which is “Assuming that the
OFW’s are all rich”. OFW’s are
working hard for their families. We
should realize that they also spending
their money for their need and it is not
easy to work for it.
8.
The picture depicts the Toxic Filipino
culture which is Bringing uninvited
people to a party. Don’t bring another
person if that person is not invited,
unless you ask permission and they
host agreed.
 9.
The picture depicts the Toxic Filipino
Culture which is “ Shaming others for
loving Pinoy Dramas”. We should be
proud and patronize our own Movies.
Everyone has different taste and
movie prefer

10.
The picture depicts the Toxic Filipino
Culture which is “ Labeling One’s
Selfish Behavior as DISKARTE”. We
should learn to be patient and always
follow the rules.

Assessment Task:
Name: JOANN E. FAUSTO Course & Year: BSIT 2A
I. Discuss and relate at least five strengths and five weaknesses of the Filipino
moral character that are being experienced during this pandemic brought about by
the Covid 19? (20 pts)
Strengths
1. Pakikipagkapwa-tao : During this pandemic, every Filipino opened themselves
to others and feel one with to others with dignity and respect. There is a concern
for others. And the ability to empathize with others. Filipinos’ also help and have
generosity with each other.
2. Joy and Humor : Filipinos have a cheerful and fun-loving approach to life and
its up and down and propensity for happiness that contribute not only to the
Filipino charm but also to the Filipino Spirit. We laugh at those we love and hate.
Like now, we are still smiling despite of the effect of this Pandemic . We tend to
make joke about our good and bad fortune, to smile even in the most trying of
times.
3. Flexibility, Adaptability and Creativity : Filipinos can adjust and adapt to
circumstances and surrounding environment , both physical and social. This
pandemic challenged us in to be strong. Filipinos can adjust whatever happens
even in unplanned or anticipated events. Filipinos possess a tolerance for
 ambiguity that enables us to remain unfazed by certainly or lack of information.
4. Faith and Religiosity : This pandemic tested our faith in God. Filipinos have
deep faith in God. The intimate religiosity enables us to comprehend and
genuinely accept reality in the context of God’s will and plan. Having faith during
this Pandemic eases our burdens in life.
5. Ability to survive: Filipinos make do with what is available in the
environmentand with that they are able to survive each day. They bravely live
through the harshest economic and social circumstances. Due to Pandemic, lots of
Filipinos lost their job but they are able to survive and make a way on how they will
live.

Weaknesses
1. Lack of Discipline: During this Pandemic there are lots of rules that intended to
follow like social distancing, wearing face mask and face shield, not having mass
gatherings but some Filipinos are hard headed. They do what they want even it
violates the rules and regulations implemented by the Government.
2. Extreme Personalism : Filipinos have difficulty dealing with all forms of
personal stimuli. We tend to be uncomfortable with rules and regulations and with
the standard procedures, all of which tend to be impersonal. We tend to ignore
them or we ask for exception.
3. Passivity and Lack of Initiative: Some Filipinos have strong reliance on other
like they depend everything they need on Government especially during this
pandemic. Filipinos tend to complacent and there rarely is a sense of urgency
about any problem.
4. Colonial Mentality: During this pandemic, government has looking for vaccine
which will help to kill the virus and the government are lacking of Patriotism as we
are depending or relying to the foreign countries about the vaccine
5. Kanya-Kanya Syndrome: With the first month Covid outbreak. Filipinos are
having panic buying. The alcohols in every store are being sold out which result to
the insufficiency of the product likewise with facemask. Some Filipinos sometimes
has a character of being selfish, as they tend to look only for their selves and not
for everyone.

Topic 2: Moral Character and Virtues

Activity 6: Write a letter to your (imaginary) child in the future, telling him/her about how you
are presently struggling to be the best kind of person you strive to be.

A Letter to my Future Child

My child,

I would like to start this off by saying I love you. No matter your skin color, weight, sex, or
disability. I will always love you. I will always be there for you when you need me and I will do
everything in my power to provide for you.

As of now, we are experiencing a pandemic which we called NCOV or known as Novel

Coronavirus Disease. You’re going to realize that you will have to grow up in a cruel and
harsh world we live in. Not every person walking down the street is going to confront you with
a friendly smile and a innocent “hello”. The most important things I will teach you are two
things. The first is to always stand up for yourself. If you let go of your pride and dignity then
you’re basically giving yourself away to the ones who take advantage of you. Fight for what
you believe in and make an impact in your generation. The second thing is to always work
hard at everything. No matter if it sports, your job, or even homework. The more you work at
something, the better you get.

My whole life I have played some sort of sport, and I would like you to do the same. I will
expect you to play at least one sport, not because I want you to play sport but because I want
you to always be active and healthy. It wold be so cool if you liked running cause then we
could go on evening runs together and bond in the best way I think.

I suffered from depression and anxiety and it is not easy for me, as my father died and my
mother now have new family. I lived as of now together with my grandparents. Life is tough
and all I can do it is to overcome it everyday. I always do my best so that we will have better
future. I want you to know right now that I love you so much. No matter what’s happening in
your life or mine, whether you’re in a period of terrible pain or everlasting joy, I love you with
all my heart. From the moment you arrive, to the moment of my final breath and beyond, I’m
always going to love you.

Love,

Your Mom

Activity 7: Research online the lives of Nelson Mandela and Adolf Hitler. Do a comparative
character analysis/study on both individuals.

Mandela vs. Hitler

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela and Adolf Hitler are considered two significant and famous
political leaders whose actions have made important changes in the history of mankind. Both
are chosen as they propose tremendous differences in terms of leadership attitudes,
principles, style and powers. Also, they represent the idea of leaders who were able to move
an entire country their way for good or bad. Hitler and Mandela were men that fought for their
beliefs. They are very different men, however both had a huge influence over their
countrymen; politics of their country and certainly they both shaped the course of history.
 Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) was a German politician and the chancellor of Germany from
1933 to 1945. Also, he was the dictator and leader of the Nazi German Party from 1934 to
1945. Hitler became fanatical with German nationalism from a youthful age. He left the school
without any ambitions for his education or clear plans for a profession. Hitler had the best
campaign system of the history this is why lot of people joined his cause. Hitler thought that
his heritage was the perfect one. He used the power of propaganda to control the masses and
make people think his way. Also, he used fear as a great weapon to intimidate people. Hitler
believed in the superiority of the Aryan race and that any other race in the world should be
exterminated.

Nelson Mandela (1918-2013) is a South Africa lawyer activist, politically a democratic

socialist and the first black President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the first
president to be elected in a fully delegate, multiracial voting. Mandela’s government focused
on cutting racial discrimination, unfairness and poverty. In 1962, Mandela was detained and
convicted of disruption and further changes, and sentenced to life imprisonment, but his
acquittal was granted after 27 years in 1990. In 1993, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize,
this shows that he was a sensible and reliable person toward his people. Mandela died on
December 05, 2013, in Johannesburg. He was 95 years old. After his death was announced,
his life was remembered and celebrated in South Africa as well as around the world. He used
his speeches to give hope to people and make them as their voice as a weapon in the fight for
freedom. He belives in equality that everyone was made equal.

Great leaders can come in any sort of shape but their idea is what determines their
greatness as leaders. Hitler was a great leader but his ideas made him the most hated man in
the face of the Earth. But then there are leaders like Mandela, a leader that was loved by
everyone around the world. Two different men with two different beliefs, but the same drawing
power. In summary they were the same, but in dignity and humanity they weren’t anything
alike.

Assessment Task:
Name: JOANN E. FAUSTO Course & Year: BSIT2A
1. President Duterte has signed a law institutionalizing good manners and right
conduct (GMRC) and values education as core subjects in the K to 12 curriculum
both in public and private schools. Is this necessary? Justify your answer. (15
points each item).

For me it is necessary to institutionalize the GMRC and Good Values as the

core subjects in both public and private school as their core subjects in the K to 12.
 In the ‘olden days’ children were taught about the Golden Rule, “ Always do to
others as you would wish them to do to you if you were in their place”. The
importance of GMRC and Values education subjects is that it teaches students
about the importance of having basic morals, values, qualities and ethics It is
important that lessons on Good Conduct are given and taught at a young age.
Students will learn the virtues of patience, perseverance, industry, honesty,
diversity,equality and integrity among others. Students will also learn how to
respect the laws, their elders and other people. It will teach them to love and help
their motherland. In the long run, the country will benefit from a disciplined and
ethical society. Clearly, students need to learn good manners early on in their
schooling and practice acceptance behavior for life.

2. In terms of character versus reputation, can public life be separated from

private life?
Character cannot be separated from the person. To be of good character
means that one’s habits, actions and emotional responses all are united and
directed toward the moral and the good. In this, public life cannot be separated
from private life. Both sets of life affects one’s character.

Topic 3: Stages of Moral Development

Student Activity 8: Draw a chart of their life’s journey using Manila paper or PowerPoint to
show incipient moments in their lives and where they are now in their moral development.

Assessment Task:
1. There are 16 criticisms on Kohlberg’s theory. Choose one of these criticisms
which you think is the most plausible argument and justify your answer. (20 points)
 Topic 1: Feelings and Ethical Decision-Making

Assessment Task: (25 points in each item)

Name: JOANN E. FAUSTO Course & Year: BSIT2A

I. Situation Analysis: Search for a situation that you think involves ethical
subjectivism and emotivism. Evaluate the situation by pointing out how both
ethical models are fitted.

When one subjectivist says lying is bad, they're giving the information that
they disapprove of lying. If another subjectivist says lying is good, they're giving
the information that they approve of lying.

Since, according to the subjectivist view, both are reporting their own personal
feelings, there isn't actually anything that they disagree about.

But since people do sincerely disagree about moral issues, there must be more
going on than pure subjectivism allows, and this is included in Emotivism:

When an Emotivist says lying is bad they're giving the instruction "don't tell lies",
while an Emotivist who says lying is good is giving the instruction "do tell lies" -
and we can see that there is a clear disagreement between them.

3. Essay: Are ethical subjectivism and emotivism plausible for standards of

morality? Justify your answer.

No. Neither ethical subjectivism nor emotivism provide support for any
particular moral standards. They are not systems designed to define or support a
particular moral or ideological viewpoint, not do they provide a foundation for
justifying moral standards. The reason for this is that they are not moral systems -
they are metaethical theories. They are theories about the true nature and origin
of morality, not justifications for any particular set of moral standards.
 Topic 2: Reason and Impartiality as Minimum Requirements for Morality

Assessment Task: (15 points each item)

Exercise 1
Name: JOANN E. FAUSTO Course & Year: BSIT2A
Direction: Answer the following questions in a paragraph or two
1. “Alam natin na tayo ay tao pero kadalasan ay hindi natin alam paano
magpakatao.” Make a reaction on this statement reflecting the idea on reason and
impartiality as minimum requirements for morality.

It is easy to be a man; just simply born in a mother’s womb, grow up, obey
the rules of your parents, then study, find a decent job, build a family then grow
old and die. That is how simple to be a man. We are all created in the same
manner; we all know that we came from our mother’s womb. What is different to
us is the way our parents build us. The way they guide us as we grow old and
understand the meaning of life. The environment that we have started when we
were young, it all depends on the simple word “tao.” You are a man because you
are born in this world; you are subject to all imperfections that this world is
determined for. That is the concept of a man.
To be a real man is hard because it pertains to the wisdom, insights and
principles of an individual. With these insights and principles, a man understands
and unveils his very being in his existence. Say for example, a student studies
hard to attain a higher goal that is for the betterment of his future. That principle
will enable him to have the title of a real man because he is not only studying for
the rewards of grades that will be in change of his persistence but he studies
because he knows that after the four corners of the classroom, there awaits the
reality. All that he had studied in those four corners will be brought into
application. Same as to man, a man is born, guided and taught by his parents and
then, as he grew up, he faces the real world and his goal is to attain a full
achievement in life. This is the concept of “magpakatao”
A man fails to be a real man when he does not see his essence as being. It
all lies in authentic existence. An authentic existence is based upon on what is a
person must fulfill in his life as individual. When a man elevates his essence from
personal to transcendental, he may have the capability to fully achieve what his
principle in life is.

2. Is gender equality justifiable under the concepts of reason and impartiality?

Justify your answer.

Yes, the gender equality falls under the concept of reason and impartiality.
Since human beings are rational. Each and everyone of us should be treated
equally no matter what our gender is. We all have the free will so we are free to
choose the things that makes us happy. All of us are equal and being in ourselves
and being treated equally we attain happiness. There should be fairness, balance
no prejudgment in each everyone. Our decision must be guided as much as
possible by reason.
 Topic 3: Moral Courage
Assessment Task:
Exercise
Name: JOANN E. FAUSTO Course & Year: BSIT 2A
I. Write a reflection paper about this quote: “Standing for what is right is a
lonesome journey”.

Yes it is true. As a Christian believer and follower of Christ Jesus for over 18
years, I do not encounter many professing Christians who are living in
accordance to the commandments and precepts of the Holy Bible.

Matthew 7:13-14 NIV

“Enter through the narrow gate. For wide is the gate and broad is the road that
leads to destruction, and many enter through it. But small is the gate and narrow
the road that leads to life, and only a few find it.

This means that on the road to eternal life with the Lord, the road consist of godly,
Christians who are walking the spiritual , holy lifestyle each and every day- which
there are very few on this road.

The broad road is the road that ungodly , no n- Christians are on. Evil, wicked
people who hate God and God's people. The world is full of ungodly people today!

My journey is a lonesome journey and I do not meet very many professing

Christians who truly desire to stop sinning against God and who don't believe that
they can!

2. Write a reflection paper about this quote: “It is better to be kind than to be
right.”

No one likes being wrong, and we all secretly do want to believe we’re above
others in some ways, but I’m here to claim that being listened to and being shown
kindness is far more fulfilling to our needs than being right about something. Being
right is often a band-aid solution to a problem that is unfixable .According to Father
Kevin O’Neil, is so we are shown mercy. It is so that we can “enter the chaos of
others,” and that others can enter ours, too, so we are shown “unconditionally
loving presences that soothe broken hearts, bind up wounds, and renew us in life.”

I’ve had a lot on my mind recently, and it wasn’t important to me at all when I had
a lot to get off my chest what someone else’s opinion was, whether they agreed
with me or didn’t agree with me. If I wanted to war about whether I was righteous
at the end of the day, I would have been driven to insanity: what would it have
 changed, fixed, or even done, if I was the most righteous person in the world? I
didn’t care about any of that, because, as Dr. Wayne Dyer famously  wrote, “when
given the choice between being right and being kind, choose kind.” What helped
was when I could get emotions off my chest, when people would listen.

Giving up the need to be right about everything was one of the best lessons I’ve
ever learned — and it’s not a lesson I learned because I was superficially holy or
altruistic. It was because I found things more important than that: fulfilling people
and fulfilling relationships — people who listened to me and treated me with
unconditional kindness and mercy. It’s because I have this love now, from God
and from people, that I can do good now, and disappear a moment later and avoid
getting credit or recognition for it.

Topic 1: Basic Areas of Ethical Study

Assessment Task
Exercise 1
Name: JOANN E. FAUSTO Course & Year: BSIT2A
Direction: Identify the following statements and write your answers in the
space provided.
META-ETHICS 1. It is a branch of analytic philosophy that
explores the status, foundations, and scope of
moral values, properties, and words.

MORAL COGNITIVISM 2. It holds that moral statements do express

beliefs and that they are apt for truth and
falsity.
MORAL NON- 3. It holds the view that ethical statements lack
COGNITIVISM truth-value which means they are neither true
nor false.

NORMATIVE ETHICS 4. It is regarded as a branch of ethical inquiry

that considered general ethical questions
whose answers had some relatively direct
bearing on practice.

DEONTOLOGY 5. It is an ethical theory that places the locus of

right and wrong in autonomous adherence to
moral laws or duties.

TELEOLOGICAL 6. It is a theory of morality that derives duty

ETHICS or moral obligation from what is good or
desirable as an end to be achieved.

APPLIED ETHICS 7. It refers to any use of philosophical methods

 critically to examine practical moral decisions
and to treat moral problems, practices, and
policies in the professions, technology,
government, and the like.

BIOETHICS 8. It is a branch of applied ethics that studies

the philosophical, social, and legal issues
arising in medicine and the life sciences.

ENVIRONMENTAL 9. It is the discipline in philosophy that studies

ETHICS the moral relationship of human beings to, and
also the value and moral status of, the
environment and its non-human contents.

SOCIAL ETHICS 10. It is an analysis of the set of rules, guidelines,

values, behaviors and responsibilities people have toward themselves,
each other, and the world as a whole.

Exercise 2
Name: JOANN E. FAUSTO Course & Year: BSIT2A
Essay: Choose one of the three basic areas of ethical study and explain
how it helps an individual understand his or her moral experiences? (15
points)

NORMATIVE ETHICS

Normative Ethics helps an individual understand his or her moral

experiences because it is concerned of what is morally right or wrong and
it includes the formulation of moral rules that have direct implications for
human actions, institutions and ways of life should be like. This branch of
ethics tries to answer questions such as 'What is the right thing to do?'. It
is focused on prescribing 'right' and good' behaviors how one 'should', or
'ought to' act. It evaluates the standards with regard the rightness and
wrongness of an act.It based on what ought to be good or bad, right or
wrong, and just or unjust. The ethical principles are ways to describe the
actions and behaviors that we perform.

Topic 2: Virtue Ethics

Activity

Direction: What do you think is the most important virtue the following individuals must
develop and exercise? (20 points)

Individual Virtue Reason

Determination is
1. Student DETERMINATION very important because it
enables us to persist in the
face of difficulties. It
makes us to march
fearlessly ahead with faith
until we achieve our goal.
Since life is never smooth,
many of us fall off when
we come across
obstacles. But
with determination, we can
overcome any type of
obstacle.The students will
make better decision in
school.
2. Police Officer Police Officers must willing
to put themselves in
COURAGEOUS harm’s way, in order to
enforce the law, to protect
people and property and
to prevent crime.
3. Farmer As a farmer, he/she must
HARDWORKING be hardworking in order to
have a good crop when it
is time harvest.
4. Politician As a politician, he/she
must have a leadership
skill to guide its citizens.
Flexibility for a political
FLEXIBILITY leader is about
understanding the give-
and-take aspects of
politics, and the ability to
find the common ground. 
Good politicians listen
carefully to all sides, to not
only hear their arguments
but to especially learn
what it will take on behalf
of all parties involved to
reach a consensus. This
characteristic allows
political leaders to
recognize setbacks and
criticism, to learn from
them and move forward.
5. Teacher You have to be able to
 remain calm when you are
teaching. If a student is
getting frustrated about
something, the teacher
PATIENCE cannot be frustrated as
well. You need to be able
to understand that some
children are less confident
in some areas compared
to others, so you need to
have patience to give
them extra help they need
and not to get annoyed as
they are stuck.
6. Counselor UNDERSTANDING Counselors must be
knowledgeable about their
client’s attitudes and
beliefs about
the counseling process in
order to select appropriate
interventions. Counselors 
should also be mindful of
cultural stigma regarding
mental illness when
describing conditions and
recommending therapies
7. Entrepreneur If you don’t approach your
job with passion, you may
run out of inspiration for
COMPASSION
progress. It is very
important that you enjoy
what you do so that you
can achieve your goals
more easily and become
successful
8. Janitor A janitor must have a
virtue of cleanliness. It
plays a great role as they
are maintaining the
CLEANLINESS cleanliness of a
establishments, streets
and many others. If the
place is neat and clean the
customer will be happy
and it will provide good
service.
9. Doctor A doctor must be honest
with patients and informs
them completely. Not
telling the truth in the
doctor-patient relationship
HONESTY requires special attention
because patients today
experiences serious harm
if they are lied to. Honesty
 matters to patients. They
need it because they are
ill, vulnerable, and
burdened with pressing
questions which require
truthful answers.
10. Parent A parent should have
unconditional love for their
LOVE children. Children who
receive unconditional love
from their parents have
better stress resilience,
better health, stronger
self-esteem, and better
brain development. Thus,
it is critical for healthy
emotional and physical
growth.
11. Electrician Being an electrician is
very much a hands-on
career that requires good
hand-to-eye coordination
and the ability to clearly
distinguish the colors
used to identify wires.
SKILLFULNESS Electrical work can be
strenuous and demands
physical strength and
stamina. Safety on the job
is important and requires
a careful, detail-oriented
approach. The same
approach is also crucial
for insuring that electrical
components are installed
in compliance with safety
codes.
12. Driver As driver he must have the
virtue of being safety
because without it it may
SAFETY cause accidents that may
lead to death or some
minor and major injuries.
He should be careful to
take care of all his/her
passenger and to have a
good service to people.
13. Designer Good creative design will
help create a strong
impression, build a brand
CREATIVITY
identity, convey key
information, narrate your
story, and build consumer
trust.
14. Actor/Actress Confidence is very
 important in acting,
because it allows the
actor/actress to be more
CONFIDENCE
confident in their abilities.
Having confidence will
also make them feel more
comfortable in a scene
and able to portray their
role better.
15. Son/Daughter Proper discipline leads to
self-motivation, self-
control, and emotional
stability over the long haul.
DISCIPLINE There is often anger,
sadness, tension, stress,
and sometimes even
tears. But
proper discipline is one of
the most important
components of the
child's development

Assessment Task
Exercise 1

Name: JOANN E. FAUSTO Course & Year: BSIT2A

A. Matching Type Test: Match column A with the correct answer on column B,
write only the letter of answer on the space provided.
Column A Column B
1. ____F____ virtuous life a. world of the senses
2. ____H____ phronesis b. abstract world of thought

3. ____A_____ visible world c. Form of Good

4. ____J_____ soul d. end, purpose, or goal

5. ____I____ arete e. Socratic dictum
6. ____C_____ form for morality f. key to man’s happiness

7. ____D_____ telos  g. flourishing or well-being

8. ____E____ “Know yourself”. h. prudence

9. ____B_____ intelligible world of Forms i. excellence

10. ___G_____ Eudaimonia j. seat of knowledge & virtue
 Exercise 2

Name: JOANN E. FAUSTO Course & Year: BSIT2A

B. Modified True or False: Analyze the truth and falsity of the following statements.
Write true if the statement is correct. If false, encircle the word that renders it
wrong and supply the correct answer in the space provided.

_____TRUE_____ 1. Aquinas’ defined law as an ordinance of reason for

the common good, promulgated by the one who is in
charge of the community
NATURAL LAW 2. Human law is the rational creature’s participation in
the eternal law
DIVINE LAW 3. Eternal law is God’s law as divulged in the scriptures

_____TRUE______ 4. The object of a human act, is “what the exterior

action is about,” according to Aquinas
_____TRUE______ 5. The end of a human act indicates the intention or
purpose of the person executing an act.
_____TRUE______ 6. The circumstances of a human act refer to the
different particular characteristics that encompassed
the act
___ACQUIRED___ 7. Man needs infused habits to direct him to his natural
end and lead him to the good as defined by human
reason.
____INFUSED____ 8. Man must receive the acquired virtues from God to
attain his supernatural and ultimate end which is his
supernatural union with God.
____REASON_____ 9. Moral virtue is a habit of choosing the mean
appointed by will as a prudent man would appoint it
____ TRUE_______ 10. Theological virtues have God for their object, both in
so far as by them we are properly directed to Him,
and because they are infused into our souls by God
alone

Exercise 3
Name: JOANN E. FAUSTO Course & Year: BSIT2A
C. Essay: (15 points each item)
1. Does it follow that when one knows what is right he also does what is right?

It depends on our level of knowledge and level of our understanding. For instance,
one may understand (incorrectly) the intellectual fact that burnt food puts hair on
the chest {representing desirable maturity), but choose not to eat it due to deeper
understandings of the terrible experience. Thus intellectual facts, however strongly
believed to be correct, may be challenged by any other level of understanding.
Thus deeper knowledge transcends the rational mind in this case.

When the rational ideas are correct, they also need to resonate with the other
levels of truth in order to confirm our understandings. Rationality is only one tool
for understanding truth, and like the others, it may be difficult to perceive the
 errors. Thus we rely on others with different perspectives to reveal the issues and
holes in our understandings.

When all levels of understanding align, truth is likely discovered and embraced.

3. Is Aristotle’s golden mean a one-size-fits-all method?

Aristotle’s ethics are not a one-size-fits-all system; what he is looking for is the
mean that is good for a particular individual. For example, watering a small plant
with a gallon of water is excessive but watering a tree with a gallon of water is
deficient. This is because different plants have different needs for water intake and
if the requirements for each plant are not met, the plant will die from root rot
(excess) or dehydration (deficiency).

Topic 3: Immanuel Kant and Right Theory

Teaching and Learning Activity

Activity 1 Situation Analysis

You are the network administrator for a rather large company. You have a young family
and need your job to support them. As part of your responsibility as a network administrator is
to monitor the emails for the organization. Usually this just means occasionally allow through
emails for staff members that have been accidentally blocked by the spam filters.

One day you get a helpdesk request from a staff member asking for an email to get
released. Normally it is standard procedure except this time the request has come from the
wife of a very good friend of yours. You recognize the name on the helpdesk request so
quickly attend to the problem. As part of the procedure you need to manually open up the
email to ensure that it isn’t spam, so you do and you discover that it certainly isn’t spam. You
find that it’s actually an email to your friend’s wife from her lover. You scan the rest of the
contents of the email and there is no doubt that she has been having an affair for some time
now.

You release the email, but you can’t decide what to do. Your initial reaction is to call your
friend up and tell him about the email, however you quickly realize that company policy is very
strict about revealing the contents of confidential emails of staff members regardless of the
contents and unless someone’s life is in immediate danger, under no circumstances are you
permitted to reveal the information.

In any case you know that revealing this information presents great risk, because even if
you don’t do it directly, there is a good chance that the dots will be joined somewhere along
the line and you will be found out. However, you feel that by not telling your friend that you are
aiding his wife get away with adultery and this troubles you greatly. What do you do?
Assessment Task:
Critique Paper
Name: JOANN E. FAUSTO Course & Year: BSIT2A
I. Can the ethics of Immanuel Kant be the basis of morality? Why yes or why not?
Justify your claim. (20 pts.)

Yes of course .Any & all things can be the basis for parts of our morality.
Everything can be subjectively evaluated as good, bad, or even mundane. Those
are moral judgements that influence our existing code of ethics/morality, causing
us to maintain, modify or reject some facet of it.

Morals are subjectively received & evaluated even if from an outside source, any
source, even Kant.

We accept or reject the morality or portions of it, just as we do those claimed to be

from a God, or some enlightened person, we filyer it through our currently
developed & still developing personal morality.

That doesn't guarantee rightness, it's just our personal preferences regarding what
strikes us as being right/wrong at the time.

Topic 4: Utilitarianism

Teaching and Learning Activity

Activity 1
1. Cite at least three (3) personal experiences when you were able to apply the principle of
utilitarianism and explain why you said so.

 When I am going to buy ice cream for myself. The utilitarian view is that I am going to
choose the flavor that will give me the most pleasure. In this case, because utilitarian
reasoning is being applied to a decision about which action is best for an individual
person, it focuses only on how the various possible choices will affect this single person’s
interest and does not consider the interests of other people.

 When I am going to choose what kind of food we will going to eat in our family reunion.
With this I were able to count everyone’s interests equally. And I were able to give
everyone equal consideration when it comes to our food
 When I am going to choose what color of my shirt. I were able to apply the principle of
utilitarianism because I choose my desired color that fits me and with this I able to apply a
decision that I think it is the best for me.

Assessment Task:
Reaction Paper
Name: JOANN E. FAUSTO Course & Year: BSIT2A
1. Differentiate Act Utilitarianism from Rule Utilitarianism and give examples (15
pts.)

Act utilitarianism looks at the consequences of each individual act and calculates
utility each time the act if performed. For example, the consequences of the act of
giving money to charity would be considered right in act-utilitarianism, because the
money increases the happiness of many people, rather than  just yourself.
Rule utilitarianism looks at the consequences of having everyone follow a
particular rule and calculates over-all utility of accepting or rejecting the rule. For
example when the government is implementing policies, it should give equal
consideration to the well-being of all members of the society.
The key difference between act and rule utilitarianism is that act utilitarian ism
apply the utilitarian principle directly to the evaluation of individual actions while
rule utilitarians apply the utilitarian principle directly to the evaluation of rules and
then evaluate individual actions by seeing if they obey or disobey those rules
whose acceptance will produce the most utility.

2. Does the end always justify the means? Explain your answer. (15 pts.)

I think the answer is no. Your goal of peace on Earth, however noble, can’t justify
killing every living person on the planet.However, in our pursuit of our goals I’m
sure we will often find ourselves frustrated by circumstances. In these cases we
will find that following any particular code of morality will not lead us to any
progress. It might instead get us stuck in a rut. That’s not to say you should go out
on a killing spree every once in a while, but it does mean that you should always
be prepared to do something that’s a little bit beyond the line that separates order
from chaos.In general, try to do good, but be prepared for an occasional dance
with your shadows.

Topic 5: Justice and Fairness

Assessment Task:
Reaction Paper

Name: JOANN E.FAUSTO Course & Year: BSIT2A

1. React whether you agree or disagree on the notion that “Equality does not
necessarily mean Fairness”. Give examples to support your claim. (15 points)

I agree to the notion that “Equality does not necessarily mean Fairness”. Most of
us think that “fair” and “equal” mean the same thing, but they do not. Equality is
giving everyone the same thing or amount, regardless of the circumstances.
Fairness, however, is giving everyone what he or she needs and deserves.

For example, three people clean the backyard, and they all do different amounts
of work. It would be equal to give them the same amount of money, but how
would that be fair to the person who did the most work? It would be fair to give
everyone the amount of money that corresponds to how much work he or she did.
The person who did the most work should get the most.

Essay
Name: JOANN E. FAUSTO Course & Year: BSIT2A
1. Give at least one situation that is applicable for every distributive norm
mentioned above (15 points).

 EQUALITY - The janitors are sweeping the floor in every streets. Some of the
janitors are cleaning only small proportion of the streets while some are
janitors cleaning on a wide space area. On the day of payout, they receive
same amount of money.

 EQUITY - Shiela and Wina are same students in the same section and Grade
Level. Shiela always do her best in her school works, she review well her
lessons, pass the her projects on time and always got high scores. While
Wina is always using her phone, she always go out at night with her friends
and she didn’t reviewing their lessons. On their graduation day, Shiela
received a lot of awards and medals while Wina only received a graduation
ribbon.

 POWER - The ABC Company are competing international. Due to their hard
work and dedication, the company won against the other companies. The
President of the ABC Company received a larger amount of salary than those
people who have lower positions in the company.
  NEED - Due to typhoon Ulysses, it caused a lot of damaged to certain places.
Tuguegarao City is one of the places which have been affected. They
experienced flooding which it caused their things damaged and have been
drifted by the water. With the unity of Filipinos, they give a lot of relief good
and the first thing they do was to give the relief goods to the place who
experience worst flood rather than those who experience light floods.

 RESPONSIBILITY - The celebrities are having a vacation trip to Palawan.

While they are on their ways, they see a lot of street children begging for their
food. They stopped for a while and give the children food and water. After a
few days they came back as they are having a charity for those children.

Stand Point Paper

Name: _________________________ Course & Year: _______________

1. Basing from what you have learned on Rawls’ theory of Justice, Distributive
justice and taxation, make a stand point paper explaining whether or not the
present Philippine Taxation System (TRAIN) is fair. If yes, state social justice
principles to support your claim. If not, explain why. (30 points)

Topic 1: Ethical Principles of Hinduism

Assessment Task
Essay

Name: _________________________ Course & Year: _______________

1. Explain how is karma, samsāra, and duhkha related? (15 points

Essay:

Name: _________________________ Course & Year: _______________

2. Give at least three (3) Hindu principles or practices that were imbibed and coated with Western
lifestyle. Explain. (15 points)

Topic 2: Ethical Principles of Buddhism

Activity 1
Direction: Make a timeline indicating the major developments of Buddhism.
 World Figures and
Buddhist Western Major Events
Events MAJOR
• Persian Empire
founded by Cyrus
• Life of Siddhartha 
the Great (550
Guatama, the historical B.C.E.)
6th Buddha: conventional • Confucius (551-
 - 120* Century dates: 566-486 B.C.E. 479)
B.C.E. * (According to more recent • Zarathustra (630-
research, revised dates are: 553)
490-410 BCE). • Birth of Mahavira
(550)
• First Buddhist Council • Socrates (469-
at Rajagaha (486) after the 399)
Parinirvana*, under the • Plato (427-347)
patronage of King • Battle of Marathon
5th
 - 20 Ajatasattu. (490)
Century
• The Buddhist Canon as it • Greek-Persian
exist today was settled at Wars (490-479)
this Council and preserved • Partheon Built
as an oral tradition. (438)

• Second Buddhist Council

at Vesali (386) about 100
year after the Parinirvana.
• First schism of the Sangha • Aristotle (384-322)
occurs in which the
4th
 144 Mahasanghika school parts • Alexander the
Century
ways with the Great (356-323)
Sthaviravadins and the invaded India (327)
Theravadins.
• Non-canonical Buddhist
Council at Pataliputra (367)
• Reign of Indian
Emperor Asoka (272-231)
who converts and
establishes the Buddha's
Dharma on a national level • Great Wall of
for the first time. China (250)
• Third Buddhist Council at
Pataliputra (250) under the • Hadrian's Wall
3rd
 244 patronage of Emperor Asoka circa 3rd Century
Century
about 200 years after the AD
Parinirvana. • The
modern Pali Tipitaka now • Hannibal Barca
essentially complete. (247?-183?)
• Asoka's son and
missionary Mahinda establis
hed Buddhism in Sri Lanka
(247)
• Beginnings
of Mahayana Buddhism
(20O).
• Composition
• Buddhist
of Prajnaparamita literature.
monuments: Sanchi
• Historical record has it that
, Amaravati, Bodhi
two Buddhist missionaries
Gaya, India. (185-
2nd from India in 68 AD, arrived
 344 175)
Century at the court of Emperor Ming
(58-75) of Han Dynasty.
They enjoyed imperial • Han Dynasty in
favour and stayed on to China
translate various Buddhist (206-220)
Texts, one of which, The
'Sutra of Forty-two Sections'
continues to be popular
Assessment Task
Name: JOANN E. FAUSTO Course & Year: BSIT 2A
I. Matching Type
A B
_J___1. Anātman A. body of Dharma
_K___2. Atman B. compassion
_C___3. Avidyā C. Delusion
_D___4. Bodhisattva D. enlightenment
__A__5. Dharma-kāya E. Great Vehicle
__L__6. Dukha F. indefinability of the reality
_G___7. Hīnayāna G. Inferior Vehicle
_N___8. Karma H. Knowledge
_B___9. Karunā I. liberation from the laws of karma
_E___10. Mahāyāna J. Not Self
_L___11. Nirvana K. Self
_O___12. Prājña L. Suffering
_M___13. Samsara M. the round of rebirth
__F__14. Śūnyatā N. universal cause-and-effect principle
__H__15. Vidyā O. wisdom

II. Essay:
2. What does Buddhism recommend for an individual to liberate himself from suffering. (15 points)

Through meditation Buddhists can reach an unselfish, loving, pure state of mind.

They believe that the act of being loving helps concentration, happy and healthy
relationships, and to overcome anger. Together, this helps to relieve some
suffering in life.

Buddhists may also involve themselves in campaigns and charities to help those
who are suffering. Many believe that they do not just help people by meditating
but also by being active in society.

The Buddha taught that the way to extinguish desire, which causes suffering, is to
liberate oneself from attachment.

Topic 3: Ethical Principles of Confucianism

Assessment Task
Reaction Paper

Name: _________________________ Course & Year: _______________

I. How do you relate Confucian principles to politics for the improvement of governance in the
Philippines? Justify your claim. (15 points)
II.
Assessment Task:
Reflection Paper
 Name: _________________________ Course & Year: _______________

I. Could Confucianism provide a philosophical basis for developing business ethics for today’s
corporations? Explain why you said so. (15 points)

Topic 4: Ethical Principles of Taoism (Daoism)

Assessment Task
Name: _________________________ Course & Year: _______________

1. How can the Daoist thought help in the environmental crisis that we are globally experiencing
now? Support your claim. (15 points)

2. Make a critique on man’s pursuit of science and technology to transform the world using atleast
three principles of Daoism. (15 points)

Topic 1: Globalization and Pluralism: New Challenges to Ethics

Activity 2
Direction: Research one finished product whose materials came from at least two countries of
origin from being a raw material to its processing in a factory or several factories until its
display in a store or mall in a certain country.
a. Explain briefly the history of the product.
b. Discuss any ethical issue if any in the making of the product.

Assessment Task:
Exercise 1

Name: _________________________ Course & Year: _______________

Direction: Analyze the truth and falsity of the following statements. Write true if the statement is
correct. If false, encircle the word that renders it wrong and supply the correct answer in the space
provided.

ECONOMIC 1. In its historical sense, globalization is understood as the free

movement of goods, capital, services, technology and information.

SOCIOLOGICAL 2. Globalization from the philosophical perspective refers to all those

processes by which the people of the world are incorporated into a
single world society.
TRUE 3. Globalization is the compression of the world and the
intensification of the consciousness of the world as a whole.

TRUE 4. Due to faster, further and deeper global integration, complex

issues are bound to arise which cannot be ignored.

TRUE 5. Ethics’ traditional manner of explaining good and evil and how to
 lead a good and happy life in order to guide us in the right
direction, needs to be reconstructed.
UNIQUE 6. While there maybe some ethical principles that are similar, every
culture’s beliefs and practices vary which makes the exercise of
ethics common.
TRUE 7. In Ethics, moral pluralism assumes that there are many
independent and different sources of moral values.
OPEN-MINDED 8. Moral pluralists tend to be close-minded when faced with
competing viewpoints.
TRUE 9. Pluralism questions moral truths which becomes problematic since
moral absoluteness of a human act is affirmed by religions.

IMPOTENT 10. Not only is pluralism ethically irresponsible, it is also morally

effective.

Exercise 2

Name: _________________________ Course & Year: _______________

Essay: (10 points each item)

1. 1. How does globalization reshape the different dimensions in our lives?

2. 2. What is the role of ethics in a globalized world?

3. Does moral pluralism seek balance in competing principles? Explain your answer.

3. 4. Does pluralism downplay a dialogue between subcultures and larger cultures?

Topic 2: The Ethical Challenges of Millennials

Teaching and Learning Activities

Activity 3
In terms of Pre-marital sex and teenage pregnancy, millennials are willing and eager to
take risks; they don’t mind making mistakes-they consider this a learning opportunity. How
would you react to this statement about yourselves as millennials?
.
Activity 4
Millennials are often at odds with their parents on so many things. List down five (5)
issues that you always find being debated upon or quarreled upon with your parents and
ponder the reasons why.

Activity 5
Go to this site and listen intently on a short lecture on “The Problem with Millennials: Why
People Call You Entitled” by Jonathan Sprinkles: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-
oVYN7YhB4. Make a brief summary about the talk and make a reaction.

Assessment Task:
Exercise 1

Name: _________________________ Course & Year: _______________

 Essay: (15 points each item)
1. Does generation difference have something to do with the issues in ethics? Do our sense of right or
wrong and our sense of good or bad change with age group? Justify your answer.

1. 2. Choose one of the ideologies that influence millennials and evaluate its strength and weakness as
basis of moral behavior.

Topic 3: The Role of Religions in Ethics

Activity 7
Points for discussion: The constitution says that there must be a “separation of church and
state.” Public schools are run by the government. Doesn't this mean that any religious activity
must be outlawed in public schools?

Activity 8
Go to this link and watch the debate:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UisxYorDNr4
The question being debated upon is this: “Do we need religion to create a moral society?” Pay
close attention to their different contentions and establish your own arguments on their
positions also.

Assessment Task:
 Exercise 1

Name: _________________________ Course & Year: _______________

Reaction Paper:
1. President Duterte wants to revive death penalty despite the situation that the country is a melting
pot of different Christian and religious institutions. Discuss the possibility of its revival and answer
this question: Is death penalty immoral? Discuss also your answer.

Exercise 2

Name: _________________________ Course & Year: _______________

1. Make a critic of this claim: “Fundamentalism is a traditionalist movement, that it is an effort by

sincere people to retain a place for old fashioned (or at least what they took to be old fashioned)
values in a rapidly modernizing world. There is a genuine apprehension or even outright fear that
fundamentalists experience as they face the future: they see a growing threat of their most precious
possessions, their children, liable to be taken from them by alien teachings of the world. Just like
many other social and religious groups, fundamentalists are looking backward to find resources for
dealing with the troubling changes in the present.” (Wacker, n.d.)

1. With the event that happened in Marawi City and in some other places around the world
that had the same fate, how does religious fundamentalism increase the likelihood
terrorism?
2. Counter terrorism has its own ethical loopholes. Identify and briefly describe/explain those
loopholes?
Assessment Task:
Exercise 3

Name: _________________________ Course & Year: _______________

Reaction Paper
1. The Anti-Terror Law is a counter terrorism mechanism by the Philippine government under the
leadership of President Duterte presently being questioned by progressive groups, NGOs,
people’s organizations, church groups and many more in the Supreme Court. Why? Are those
reasons opposing the Anti-terror Law logically reasonable/justifiable? Explain.

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