1 Mohan Sold An Item For 4510/-And Incurred A Loss of 45%. at What Price Should He Have Sold The Item To Have Gained Profit of 45%. ?

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Profit = Selling price (S. P) – Cost price (C. P)
Loss = Cost price (C. P) – Selling price (S. P)

𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒇𝒊𝒕
Profit percentage (P %) = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝑷𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒆
𝑳𝒐𝒔𝒔
Loss percentage (L %) = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎+𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒇𝒊𝒕 %
Selling price (S. P) = × 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒆
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎−𝑳𝒐𝒔𝒔 %
Selling price (S. P) = × 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒆
𝟏𝟎𝟎
NOTE: Profit% and Loss% are always calculated on Cost price
Discount = Marked Price – Selling Price

𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕
Discount % = × 100
𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒌𝒆𝒅 𝑷𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒆
𝟏𝟎𝟎+𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒇𝒊𝒕 %
Marked Price = ( ) × Cost Price
𝟏𝟎𝟎−𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕 %
Above formula is useful for solving several problems in Profit and Discounts.
 Discount is always calculated on Marked Price / Labelled Price.

 Shopkeeper will label his price with certain % above CP.
 SP = Marked Price – Discount.
 Profit / Loss is always calculated on Cost Price.
 SP = CP + Profit
100 − 𝐷%
Now SP = MP [ ]
100
100 + 𝑃%
SP = CP [ ]
100
 These two are the basic formulae and the other formulae can
be derived from these.
 Usual sign convention is + for profit and – for loss and always
– fordiscount.
If X1 and X2 both are the rates of gain or both are the rates of loss, then
100
C. P = ( ) × Amount of difference between S. P
X1−X2
If in X1 and X2 one is the rate of gain and another one is rate of loss, then
100
C. P = ( ) × Amount of difference between S. P
X1 + X2
1 Mohan sold an item for 4510/- and incurred a loss of 45%. At what price
should he have sold the item to have gained profit of 45%. ?
SOLUTION:
Short method for selling price

𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒇𝒊𝒕 %
S. P × ( )
𝑳𝒐𝒔𝒔 %
𝟏𝟒𝟓
4510 × ( ) = 11890
𝟓𝟓
Author : J. Maha Laxamaiah

Mailid : laxman.eee221@gmail.com
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Here, loss% => 100 – 45 = 55%

Profit% = 100 + 45 = 145%
= 11890/- (answer)
2 Ramya purchased an item for 46000/- and sold it at loss of 12% with that
amount she purchased another item and sold it a gain of 12%. What was her
overall gain or loss ?
SOLUTION:
Short method for cost price

C. P × LOSS% × PROFIT%
𝟖𝟖 𝟏𝟏𝟐
46000 = × => 45337. 6
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
Here, loss% => 100 – 12 = 88%
Profit% => 100 + 12 = 112%
= 45337.6
Therefore, 46000 – 45337.6
= 662. 40 loss (answer)
3 In a sale perfumes are available at a discount of 25% on the selling price.

If a perfumes cost 5895/- in the sale, what is the selling price of the perfume ?
SOLUTION:
Let selling price of perfume = X

According to question
𝟕𝟓
X× = 5895 (discount = 25%)
𝟏𝟎𝟎
X = 7860 (answer)
4 A man purchased 25 apples for 20/- and sold 20 apples for 25/-. Find
profit % ?
SOLUTION:
SHORT METHOD:
252 − 202
Profit % = ∗ 100
202
= 56. 25% (answer)
5 On selling 17 balls at 720/- there is a loss equal to the cost price of 5 balls.
Then find the cost price …….
SOLUTION:
C.P – S.P = LOSS

C.P of 17 balls – S.P of 17 balls = C.P of 5 balls
C.P of 12 balls = S.P of 17 balls = 720
Therefore, C.P of 12 balls = 720
𝟕𝟐𝟎
One ball =
𝟏𝟐
= 60 (answer)

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6 A man purchased some eggs at for 5/- and sold them at 5 for 12/-. Thus he
gained 143 in all. The no. of eggs he bought is…
SOLUTION:
𝟓
C.P of one egg = rupee
𝟑
𝟏𝟐
S.P of one egg = rupee
𝟓
𝟏𝟐 𝟓
Gain in one egg => −
𝟓 𝟑
Let no. of eggs = X
𝟏𝟐 𝟓
( − ) × 𝑿 = 𝟏𝟒𝟑
𝟓 𝟑
X = 195/- (answer)
7 By selling an article a man makes a profit of 25% of its selling price. His
profit % is ……….
SOLUTION:
𝟐𝟓
Let S.P = X, then profit % = X ×
𝟏𝟎𝟎
= X/4
C.P = S.P – PROFIT
𝒙
C.P = 𝒙 −
𝟒
𝟑𝒙
=
𝟒
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡
Therefore, profit % = × 100
𝐶.𝑃
𝑋⁄
= 3𝑋 4 × 100
⁄4
= 33 1/3 % (answer)
8 An article is listed at 920/-. A customer pays 742. 90/- for it after getting
two successive discounts. If the rate of first discount is 15%, the rate of second
discount is …….
SOLUTION:
Marked price = 920/-

After getting two successive discounts it becomes 742. 90/-
85 100 − x
920 × × ( ) = 742.90
100 100
X = 5% (answer)
9 By selling an article at 80% of the marked price, there is a loss of 10%. If

the article is sold at the marked price, the profit % will be
SOLUTION:
Let C.P = X & Marked price = Y

𝟖𝟎
Then S.P = Y ×
𝟏𝟎𝟎
80 90
For loss %, y × = × x
100 100

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9x
y=
8
y−x
Required Profit % = ( ) × 100
x
9x
− x
=(8 ) × 100
x
X = 12.5% (answer)
10 The marked price of a Radio set is 480/-. The shopkeeper allows a

discount of 10% and gains 8%. If no discount is allowed his gain % would be
……..
SOLUTION:
𝟗𝟎
After discount, S.P = 480 ×
𝟏𝟎𝟎
= 432/-
As profit is 8%, then
𝟏𝟎𝟖
C.P => 432 = × 𝑪. 𝑷
𝟏𝟎𝟎
C.P = 400/-
So without discount, Profit => 480 – 400 = 80/-
𝟖𝟎
Profit % = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟒𝟎𝟎
= 20% (answer)
11 How much percent more than C.P should a shopkeeper mark his goods
so that after allowing a discount of 25% on the marked price he gains 20%. ?
SOLUTION:
𝑿𝒀
Formula = X + Y +
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑿∗𝟐𝟓
X – 25 – = 𝟐𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎
X = 60% (answer)
12 A shopkeeper earns a profit of 12% on selling a book at 10% discount on

printed. The ratio of the C.P to printed price of the book…….
SOLUTION:
Formula
𝟏𝟎𝟎 + 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒇𝒊𝒕 %)
Marked Price = ( ) × 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝑷𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒆
𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕 %
Here, profit % (P %) = 112% (100 + 12)
Discount % (D %) = 90% (100 - 10)
𝟏𝟏𝟐
M. P = × 𝑪. 𝑷
𝟗𝟎
Required ratio
𝐂.𝐏 𝟒𝟓
= (answer)
𝐌.𝐏 𝟓𝟔
13 A trade man sold an article at a loss of 20%. If the S.P had been
increased by 100/-, there would have been a gain of 5%. The C.P of the article
is ………
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SOLUTION:
𝟖𝟎
Let C.P = X, then S.P = X ×
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟓
And new S.P = X ×
𝟏𝟎𝟎
105 80
× X− × Y = 100
100 100
X = 400/- (answer)
14 20% loss on selling price is what percent loss on the cost price ?
SOLUTION:
Let S.P = 100, then C.P = 120

Then, loss => 120 – 100 = 20/-
𝟐𝟎
Therefore, loss % = ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟐𝟎
= 16 2/3 % (answer)
15 By selling an article for 144/- a person gained such that the percentage
gain equals the cost price of the article. The cost price of the article ……..
SOLUTION:
Let C.P = X & profit % = C.P

Formula
𝟏𝟎𝟎 + 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒇𝒊𝒕 %
S. P = C. P × ( )
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎 + 𝑿
144 = X × ( )
𝟏𝟎𝟎
X = 80/- (answer)
16 If the selling price of the article is doubled, then its loss % is converted
into equal profit %. The loss % of the article is ………
SOLUTION:
Let loss = X, & C.P = 100/-, then S.P = 100-X

New S.P = 2(100-X) and profit % = X %
2 × (100 – X) = 100 + X
𝟏
X = 33 % (answer)
𝟑
17 A trader sells an article at a profit of 30%. Had he purchased it at 10%

less and sells for 330/- less he would have gained 20%. Find the C.P …….
SOLUTION:
𝟏𝟑𝟎
Let C.P = X, then S.P = X ×
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟗𝟎 𝟏𝟑𝟎
New C.P = X × & New S.P = X × - 330
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎

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130 90 120
X× − 330 = X ∗ ∗
100 100 100
X = 1500/- (answer)
18 By selling toffees at rate of 20 for 10/- , a man loses 4%. To gain 20%,
how many toffees must be sold for 10/- ?
SOLUTION:
Short method
𝟏𝟎
If …………. = 96% (loss% => 100 – 4 = 96%)
𝟐𝟎
𝟏𝟎
………. = 120% (Profit% => 100 + 20 = 120%)
𝐱
10 20
× 96 × = 120
X 10
X = 16 toffees (answer)
19 If on a marked price the difference of selling price with a discount of

30% and two successive discounts of 20% and 10% is 72, then the Marked
Price is ….
SOLUTION:
Successive discount
𝟐𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎
20 + 10 –
𝟏𝟎𝟎
= 28%
Let marked price = X
30 28
X× –X × = 72
100 100
X = 3600/- (answer)
20 A reduction of 20% in the price of an apple enable a man to buy 10

apples more for 250/-. Te reduced price of apples per dozen…….
SOLUTION:
Formula
Reduced price of an apple
𝑿×𝒀
=
𝟏𝟎𝟎 × 𝒁
Here, X = 20% (reduction), Y = 250/- and Z = 10 (more apples)
𝟐𝟎 × 𝟐𝟓𝟎
=
𝟏𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎
= 5/-
Therefore, reduced price of an apple for dozen
= 12 × 5
= 60/- (answer)
21 While selling a watch, a shopkeeper gives a discount of 5%. If he gives a

discount of 6%, he earns 15/- less as profit. What is the marked price of
watch?

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SOLUTION:
Let marked price = X

95 94
∗X− ∗ X = 15
100 100
X = 1500/- (answer)
22 Krishna purchased a no. of articles at 10/- for each and the same number
for 14/- each. He mixed them together and sold them for 13/- each. Then his
gain or loss% is ?
SOLUTION:
𝟏𝟎+𝟏𝟒
Total C. P of articles = = 12/-
𝟐
S. P = 13/-
Then profit => S. P – C. P = 13 – 12
= 1/-
𝟏
Profit% = × 100
𝟏𝟐
𝟏
= 8 % (answer)
𝟑
23 A man sells an article at 5% above its C. P. If he had bought it at 5% less

than what he paid for it and sold it for 2/- less, he would have gained 10%.
Find the C. P of the article
SOLUTION:
𝟗𝟓
Let C. P = X, then new C. P = 𝒙 ×
𝟏𝟎𝟎
And S. P when it sells 2/- less =
105
× X−2
100
According to formula, S. P = C. P × (100+ Profit %) /100
𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝟗𝟓 𝟏𝟏𝟎
× 𝐗−𝟐= × 𝐗 × X
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
= 400/- (answer)
24 Pure ghee costs 100/- per kg. After adulterating it with vegetable oil
costing 50/- per kg a shopkeeper sells the mixture at the rate of 96/- per kg
thereby making a profit of 20%. In what ratio does he mix the two ?v
SOLUTION:
𝟏𝟎𝟎
Mean price (C. P) = 96 ×
𝟏𝟐𝟎
= 80/- per kg
By the rule of Allegation & Mixtures

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Required ratio => 30 : 20
= 3 : 2 (answer)
25 A fruit seller has 24 kg of apples. He sells a part of these at 20% gain and
the balance at a loss of 5%. If on the whole he earns a profit of 10%, the
amount of apples sold at loss is
SOLUTION:
By the rule of Allegation & Mixtures
Required ratio => 15: 10 = 3: 2

𝟐
Therefore, the amount of apples sold at loss is => 𝟐𝟒 ×
𝟓
= 9.6/- (answer)
26 If the selling price of 24/- results in a 20% discount o the list price, what
selling price would result in a 30% discount on list price?
SOLUTION:
SHORT METHOD
If 80% (100 – 20) …………….. = 24
70% (100 – 30) ……………. =?
𝟕𝟎 × 𝟐𝟒
=
𝟖𝟎
= 21/- (answer)
27 What percentage on profit on cost price equals 30% of profit on selling

price?
SOLUTION:
If C. P = 100/- And Gain = X

Then S. P = (100 + X)/-
Here, formula is
𝑮𝒂𝒊𝒏
Gain% = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑺𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑷𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒆

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𝑿
30 = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎+𝑿
X = 42 6/7 % (answer)
28 A dealer marks his goods 30% above his C. P and then allows 15%
discount on it. What is the C. P of an article on which he gains 84/-?
SOLUTION:
Let C. P of articles = X/-

𝟏𝟑𝟎 𝟏𝟑𝒙
M. P => X × =
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎−𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕%
Selling Price = Marked Price × ( )
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟑𝑿 𝟖𝟓
S. P = ×
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟐𝟐𝟏𝒙
S. P =
𝟐𝟎𝟎
Gain = S. P – C. P
𝟐𝟐𝟏𝑿
84 = − 𝑿
𝟐𝟎𝟎
X = 800/- (answer)
29 A man purchased 150 pens at the rate of 12/- per pen. He sold 50 pens at
a gain of 10%. The percentage gain at which he must sell the remaining pens
so as to gain 15% on the whole outlay is
SOLUTION:
Required S. P of 150 pens

𝟏𝟏𝟓
= 150 × 12 ×
𝟏𝟎𝟎
= 2070/-
S. P of first 50 pens =
𝟏𝟏𝟎
= 50 × 12 ×
𝟏𝟎𝟎
= 660/-
Required S. P of 100 pens => 2070 – 660 = 1410/-
C. P of 100 pens => 100 × 12 = 1200/-
= 1410 – 1200
Gain = 210/-
𝑮𝒂𝒊𝒏
Gain% = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟐𝟏𝟎
Gain% = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎
= 17 ½ % (answer)
30 A sells an article to B making a profit of 1/5 of his outlay. B sells it to C

gaining 20%. If C sells it for 600/- and incurs a loss of 1/6 of his outlay, then C.
P of A is
SOLUTION:
Let C. P of article = X

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SHORT METHOD:
𝟔 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝟓
600 = × × × 𝒙
𝟓 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟔
𝟏 𝟔 𝟏 𝟓
Here, profit = 1 + = , loss = 1 – =
𝟓 𝟓 𝟔 𝟔
X = 500/- (answer)
31 Nitin bought some oranges at 40/- a dozen and an equal numbers at 30/-
a dozen. He sold them at 45/- a dozen and made a profit of 480/-. The no. of
oranges, he bought was
SOLUTION:
Let the no. of oranges bought be 2X (X + X)

dozens
Total C. P => 40X + 30X = 70X
Now total S. P => 45 × 2 = 90X
Profit = S. P – C. P
480 = 90X – 70X
X = 24/-
Therefore, no. of oranges bought = 2×24
= 48 dozens (answer)
32 A shopkeeper marks his goods at 40% above their C. P. He is able to sell

3/4th of his goods at this price, and the remaining at 40% discount. Assuming
that the shopkeeper is able to sell the goods he buys, find his loss or gain as %
on the whole transaction
SOLUTION:
Let total C. P = 100/- (100 articles)
Then, total S. P
140 60
= 75 × + 25 × × 1.4
100 100
= 126/-
Gain 26 (126- 100)
Therefore, Gain% = 26 (answer)
33 An article is sold at a gain of 15%. Had it been sold for 27/- more, the
profit would have been 20%. The C. P of the article is
SOLUTION:
SHORT METHOD:
PERCENTAGE METHOD:
Difference => 20- 15 = 5%
5% (if) ……………. 27
100% ………………?
𝟏𝟎𝟎 × 𝟐𝟕
=
𝟓
= 540/- (answer)
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34 Half of 100 articles were sold at a profit of 20% and the rest of a profit of
40%. If all the articles had been sold at a profit of 25%, the total profit would
have been 100 less than earlier profit. The C. P of each article was
SOLUTION:
Let C. P of an article = X (Total C. P = 100X)

S. P of 50 articles
𝟏𝟐𝟎
= 5X ×
𝟏𝟎𝟎
= 60X
S. P of remain 50 articles
𝟏𝟒𝟎
= 50X ×
𝟏𝟎𝟎
= 70X
S. P of 100 articles => 60X + 70X = 130X
𝟏𝟐𝟓
And, new S. P => 100X ×
𝟏𝟎𝟎
= 125X
130X – 125X = 100
X = 20/- (answer)
35 A certain no. of articles were purchased for 90/-. Three more articles
could have been purchased for the same amount if each article was cheaper by
1/-. Find the no. of articles purchased
SOLUTION:
Let the no. of articles = X

90 90
− =1
X X+3
X = 15/- (answer)
36 A shopkeeper allows a discount of 10% on the marked price of an item

but charges a sales tax of 8% o the discounted price. If a customer pays 680.
40/- as the price of the item including sales tax, find the marked price of the
item
SOLUTION:
Let the M. P = X, discount = 10%

𝟗𝟎
Discounted price => X ×
𝟏𝟎𝟎
= 9X/10
Sales tax = 8%
𝟗𝑿 𝟏𝟎𝟖
Therefore, S. P = ×
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
9X 108
× = 680. 40
10 100
X = 700/- (answer)

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37 A bicycle agent allows 20% discount on his M. P and then makes a profit
of 20% on his outlay (C. P). What is the M. P of the bicycle on which he gains
40/-?
SOLUTION:
Let M. P = X, C. P = Y
Discount = 20% (given), profit = 20% (given) and Gain = 40/- (given)
𝟖𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎 −𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕%
S. P = X × [∴ 𝑺. 𝑷 = 𝑴. 𝑷 ∗ ]
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟒𝒙
=
𝟓
And
4X 120 100 + Profit%
=Y × [S. P = C. P ∗ ]
5 100 100
𝟐𝒙
Y=
𝟓
𝟒𝑿 𝟐𝑿
40 = −
𝟓 𝟓
X = 300/- (answer)
38 The marked price of an article is 50% above cost price. When marked
price is increased by 20%, the profit doubles. If original marked price is 300/-,
then original selling price is
SOLUTION:
Let original S. P = X
𝟏𝟎𝟎
C. P of article => 300 × = 200/- (from question)
𝟏𝟓𝟎
120
X× − 200 = 2(X − 200)
100
X = 250/- (answer)
39 If books bought at prices ranging from 100/- to 350/- are sold at prices
ranging from 300/- to 425/-. What is the greatest possible profit that might be
made in selling 8 books?
SOLUTION:
Least C. P => 200 × 8 = 1600/-

Greatest S. P => 425 × 8 = 3400/-
Required profit => 3400 – 1600
= 1800/- (answer)
40 The price of a sugar is increased by 20%. If the expenditure on sugar has

to be kept the same as earlier, the ratio between the reduction in consumption
and the original consumption is
SOLUTION:
𝟏𝟐𝟎
The raised price = of the former pric
𝟏𝟎𝟎
So, the house holder must now consume 100/ 120 of the original amount
So, the reduction in consumption
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𝟏𝟎𝟎
= (𝟏 − ) of the original consumption
𝟐𝟎𝟎
= 1/6 of the original consumption (answer)
41 A man bought some oranges at 10/- per dozen and bought the same no.
of oranges at 8 per dozen. He sold these oranges 11/- per dozen and gained
120/-. The total no. of oranges bought by him was
SOLUTION:
C. P of 2- dozen oranges => (10 + 8) = 18/-

S. P of 2- dozen oranges => (11 + 11) = 22/-
If profit is 4/- (22- 18), then oranges bought = 2 dozen
If profit is 120/-, then oranges bought = ?
𝟏𝟐𝟎 × 𝟐
=
𝟒
= 60 dozens (answer)
42 A girl buys 2- pigeons for 182/-. She sells one at a loss of 5% and another
at a profit of 8%. But she neither gains nor loss on the whole. Find the price of
pigeon which has sold at a profit
SOLUTION:
The ratio of price of pigeons sold at loss and profit respectively are in the ratio = 8
:5
𝟓
Cost price of profitable pigeon is = × 𝟏𝟖𝟐
𝟓+𝟖
= 70/- (answer)
43 How many kilograms of rice costing 18. 30/- per kg must be mixed with
126 kg of rice costing 8. 55/- per kg so that 20% may be gained by selling the
mixture at 14. 40/- per kg?
SOLUTION:
S. P of one kg mixture = 14. 40/-

Gain = 20%
𝟏𝟎𝟎
Then, C. P = 14. 40 ×
𝟏𝟐𝟎
= 12/-
Dearer price: Cheaper price => 345: 630

=23. 42
Let X- kg of dearer may be mixed with 126 kg of cheaper
𝑿 𝟐𝟑
Then, =
𝟏𝟐𝟔 𝟒𝟐
X = 69 kg (answer)

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44 In a big bazaar, a shopkeeper mixed two varieties of Daal at 20/- per kg

an 30/- per kg in the ratio 2: 3 and sell the mixture at 10% profit. Find the
price per kg at which he sold the mixture
SOLUTION:
C. P of mixture
𝟐𝟎 × 𝟐+𝟑𝟎 × 𝟑
=
𝟐+𝟑
= 26/-
𝟏𝟏𝟎
S. P of the mixture => 26 ×
𝟏𝟎𝟎
= 28. 60/- (answer)
45 Gauri went to stationary and bought things worth 25/- out of which 30
paise went on sales tax on taxable purchases. If the tax rate was 6%, then
what was the cost of the tax free items?
SOLUTION:
Let the amount taxable purchase = X/-

𝟑𝟎
Then 6% of X =
𝟏𝟎𝟎
X = 5/-
Cost of tax free items = [25- (5+ 0.30)]
= 19. 70/- (answer)
46 A person buys certain no. of marbles at 20 per rupee are equal no. of
marbles at 30 per rupee. He mixes them and sells them at 25 per rupee. His
gain or loss in the transaction is
SOLUTION:
𝟏
C. P of each marble @ 20 per rupee =
𝟐𝟎
𝟏
C. P of each marble @ 30 per rupee =
𝟑𝟎
Average cost price of each marble
𝟏 𝟏
+
𝟐𝟎 𝟑𝟎
=
𝟐
According to the question
𝟏
S. P of each marble @ per rupee =
𝟐𝟓
𝟏 𝟏
Here, > => means, loss
𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟓
Therefore, loss %
𝟏 𝟏
−
𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟒
=( 𝟏 ) × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟐𝟒
Loss % = 4% (answer)
47 A man purchased a table and a chair for 1300/-. He sold the table at a
profit of 20% and the chair at a profit of 25%. In this way, his total profit was
23 1/3 %. The cost price of the table
SOLUTION:

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C. P of the table = X
C. P of the chair = 1300- X
Profit on table + profit on chair = total profit
20 25
X× + (1300 − X) ∗ = 2313 % of 1300
100 100
X = 433. 3/- (answer)
48 Titan sells a wrist watch to a wholesaler making a profit of 10%. The

wholesaler in turn, sells it to the retailer making a profit of 10% a customer
purchases it by paying 990/-. Thus, the profit f retailer is 25/11 %. What is the
cost incurred by the titan to produce it?
SOLUTION:
Let C. P of Titan = X
25
110 110 100+ 11
X× × × = 900
100 100 100
X = 800/- (answer)
49 A shopkeeper sold 12 cameras at a profit of 20% and 8 cameras at a

profit of 10%. If he had sold all the 20 cameras at a profit of 15%, then his
profit would have been reduced by 36/-. What is the cost price of each
camera?
SOLUTION:
Let C. P of each camera = X

S. P of 12 cameras sold at 20% =
𝟏𝟐𝟎
X × 12 ×
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟒𝟒𝑿
=
𝟏𝟎
S. P of 8 cameras sold at 10% =
𝟏𝟏𝟎
X×8×
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟖𝟖𝑿
=
𝟏𝟎
144x 88x
36 = + − 23x
10 10
X = 180/- (answer)
50 A cycle is sold at a profit 15%. If both cost price and selling price are
decreased by 200/- the profit would be 5% more. What is the original cost
price of cycle?
SOLUTION:
Let the original C. P = X

𝟏𝟏𝟓
So, S. P = X ×
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟐𝟑𝒙
=
𝟐𝟎

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Now, new C. P = X – 200

𝟐𝟑𝑿
Then, new S. P = − 𝟐𝟎𝟎
𝟐𝟎
Profit = S. P – C. P
23X
= − 200 − (X − 200)
20
𝟑𝑿
Profit =
𝟐𝟎
𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒇𝒊𝒕
Profit % = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒆
𝟑𝑿
𝟐𝟎
20 = ( 𝟑𝑿 ) × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟐𝟎
− 𝟐𝟎𝟎
X = 800/- (answer)
51 A sells an article to B making a profit of 1/5th his outlay. B sells it to C,

gaining 20%. If C sells it for 600/- and incurs a loss of 1/6th his outlay, the C.
P of A is
SOLUTION:
Let the C. P of A = X
𝟏 𝟏
X × (1 + ) × 𝟏𝟐𝟎 × (𝟏 − ) = 𝟔𝟎𝟎
𝟓 𝟔
X = 500/- (answer)
52 A man sold an article for 75/- and lost something. Had he sold it for 96/-
his gain would have been double the former loss. The cost price of the article
is
SOLUTION:
Let C. P = X
96 – X = 2 × ( X – 75 )
X = 82/- (answer)
53 A reduction of 25% in the price of eggs will enable one to buy 4 dozens
more eggs for 96/-. What is the price per dozen?
SOLUTION:
Let original price = X

𝟕𝟓 𝟑𝑿
New price per dozen = X × =>
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟒
96 96
− =4
3X X
4
X = 8/- (answer)
54 An article sold at a gain of 15%. Had it been sold for 27 more, the profit
would have been 20%. The C. P of the article is
SOLUTION:

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PERCENTAGE METHOD:
If 5% (20% - 15%) ………………… = 27
100% …………………………………… = ?
𝟏𝟎𝟎 × 𝟐𝟕
=( )
𝟓
= 540/- (answer)
55 A retailer bought 90 pens for 40/- each. He sells 30 of them at a gain of

12%. What must be the gain% of the remaining pens so as to get 15% gain on
the whole?
SOLUTION:
Let the required gain% be X%. Then,
30 × 12 + (90 – 30) × X = 90 × 15
X = 16.5% (answer)
56 The cost price of 5 articles is equal to the selling price of 4 articles. What
is the profit or loss %?
SOLUTION:
If we assume CP of 5 articles = SP of 4 articles = Rs. 100
CP of one article = Rs. 20
SP of one article = Rs. 25
Profit = Rs. 5
𝟓
Profit % = × 100
𝟐𝟎
= 25% (answer)
57 A shopkeeper sold two Televisions of different make for Rs. 12000 each.
On one, he got profit of 20% and on other, he attained loss of 10%. What is
the net profit percentage?
SOLUTION:
Here P = 20% = x% ,
L = 10% = y%
𝟐 (𝟏𝟎𝟎+𝒙)(𝟏𝟎𝟎+𝒚)
Overall Profit / Loss % = [(𝟏𝟎𝟎+𝒙)+ − 𝟏𝟎𝟎]%
(𝟏𝟎𝟎+𝒚)
(Use + when there is profit and – when there is loss)

𝟐 ×𝟏𝟐𝟎 ×𝟗𝟎
=[ − 𝟏𝟎𝟎]%
𝟐𝟏𝟎
𝟔
=2 % (profit since the result is positive)
𝟕

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58 A shopkeeper sold some articles at Rs.35 per article and gained 40% on
it. What would be the selling price of each article to get 60% profit?
SOLUTION:
𝐒𝐏𝟏 𝐒𝐏𝟐
Use = analogy for such type of problems
𝟏𝟎𝟎+𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎+𝒚
𝟑𝟓 𝐒𝐏𝟐
= => 𝐒𝐏𝟐 = Rs. 40
𝟏𝟒𝟎 𝟏𝟔𝟎
𝐎𝐑
PERCENTAGE METHOD:
If 35/- per article ………….. 140 (gain 40%)
Then ‘X/-‘ per article ……... 160 (gain 60%)

X
× 140 = 160
35
X = 40/- (answer)
59 A trader bought two horses for 19, 500/-. He sold one at a loss of 20%
and the other at a profit of 15%. If the selling price of each horse is the same,
then their cost prices are respectively ….
SOLUTION:
Let Cost Price of one horse = x/-, then of other 19, 500 – x
One horse sold at loss of 20%, other at 15% gain.
Selling Price is same
80% of x = 115% of (19, 500 – x)

80 115
× x= × (19, 500 − x)
100 100
x = 11, 500/− (answer)
Cost price of other = 19, 500 – 11, 500
= 8, 000/- (answer)
60 A shopkeeper gave an additional 20% concession on the reduced price

after giving 30% standard concession on an article. If Arun bought that
article for 1, 120/-, what was the original price?
SOLUTION:
Let original price = x/-
100 − 30 100 − 20
x × × = 1120
100 100

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X = 2, 000/- (answer)
61 A reduction of 20% in the price of sugar enables a person to obtain 40 kg

more for 210/-. What is the reduced price per kg?
SOLUTION:
Owing to the fall in price, there is a saving of 20% on 210/- i.e 42/-
So, for 42/-, a person purchases 40 kg of sugar.

𝟒𝟐
Hence, reduced price per kg =
𝟒𝟎
= 1.05/- (answer)
62 A article sold at 30% profit. Had it been sold at 155/- more than previous
selling price and the cost price were also increased by 100/- then profit would
have been 5% more. Then find the cost price of the article…
SOLUTION:
Let cost price of article = 100x

Selling price of article = 130x
Increased cost price = (100x + 100)
Increased selling price = (130x + 155)
𝑺𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒆−𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒆
Profit = ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒆
(𝟏𝟑𝟎𝒙 + 𝟏𝟓𝟓)− (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎)
Profit = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
(𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒙+𝟏𝟎𝟎)
By solving, we get x = 4
Therefore, Cost price of article = 100 × 4
= 400 (answer)
63 Ram sells onions in the streets of Varanasi. Due to recent shortfall in the
supply of onions, he doubles his selling price despite the cost price remains
same for him due to a fixed contract. He realizes that his profit has tripled.
Find the profit percent ….
SOLUTION:
Let original Selling price be SP and Cost price be CP

Then, 2SP – CP = 3(SP – CP)
SP = 2CP
Hence, original profit % = 100% (answer)
64 A loss of 19% gets converted into a profit on 17% when the selling price
is increased by 162/-. The cost price of the article is ………..
SOLUTION:
SHORT METHOD
Loss (-19%) Profit ( +17%)

Difference => 17 – (- 19)
= 36%

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If 36% ………………. 162

Then 100% ………. ?
100 × 162
=
36
= 450/- (answer)
65 On selling a Pen at 5% loss and a book at 15% gain, Rajini gains 7/-. If
he sells the pen at 5% gain and the book at 10% gain, then he gains 13/-. The
actual price of the book is ………….
SOLUTION:
Let the C. P of a pen = x/- and that of a book = y/-
15y – 5x = 700 ………………. (1)
And, 10y + 5x = 130 ………. (2)
From equations (1) and (2), we get
y = 80/-
Therefore, C. P of a book = 80/- (answer)
66 A article is sold at profit of 25%. Its CP and SP are more by 20 and 4

respectively. The percentage of profit decreased by 15%. Find the Cost price
…………
SOLUTION:
Let Cost price = x

5𝑥
Selling price =
4
5𝑥 10
( + 4) − (𝑥 + 20) = (𝑥 + 20) ×
4 100
x = 120/- (answer)


1 Mohan Sold An Item For 4510/-And Incurred A Loss of 45%. at What Price Should He Have Sold The Item To Have Gained Profit of 45%. ?

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1 Mohan Sold An Item For 4510/-And Incurred A Loss of 45%. at What Price Should He Have Sold The Item To Have Gained Profit of 45%. ?

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Fdaytalk.

Profit = Selling price (S. P) – Cost price (C. P)

Loss = Cost price (C. P) – Selling price (S. P)

NOTE: Profit% and Loss% are always calculated on Cost price

Discount = Marked Price – Selling Price

 Discount is always calculated on Marked Price / Labelled Price.

Short method for selling price

Author : J. Maha Laxamaiah

Here, loss% => 100 – 45 = 55%

Short method for cost price

3 In a sale perfumes are available at a discount of 25% on the selling price.

Let selling price of perfume = X

C.P – S.P = LOSS

Author : J. Maha Laxamaiah

Marked price = 920/-

9 By selling an article at 80% of the marked price, there is a loss of 10%. If

Let C.P = X & Marked price = Y

Author : J. Maha Laxamaiah

10 The marked price of a Radio set is 480/-. The shopkeeper allows a

12 A shopkeeper earns a profit of 12% on selling a book at 10% discount on

Let S.P = 100, then C.P = 120

Let C.P = X & profit % = C.P

Let loss = X, & C.P = 100/-, then S.P = 100-X

17 A trader sells an article at a profit of 30%. Had he purchased it at 10%

Author : J. Maha Laxamaiah

19 If on a marked price the difference of selling price with a discount of

20 A reduction of 20% in the price of an apple enable a man to buy 10

21 While selling a watch, a shopkeeper gives a discount of 5%. If he gives a

Author : J. Maha Laxamaiah

Let marked price = X

23 A man sells an article at 5% above its C. P. If he had bought it at 5% less

Author : J. Maha Laxamaiah

Required ratio => 30 : 20

By the rule of Allegation & Mixtures

Required ratio => 15: 10 = 3: 2

27 What percentage on profit on cost price equals 30% of profit on selling

If C. P = 100/- And Gain = X

Author : J. Maha Laxamaiah

Let C. P of articles = X/-

Required S. P of 150 pens

30 A sells an article to B making a profit of 1/5 of his outlay. B sells it to C

Author : J. Maha Laxamaiah

Let the no. of oranges bought be 2X (X + X)

32 A shopkeeper marks his goods at 40% above their C. P. He is able to sell

Let total C. P = 100/- (100 articles)

Let C. P of an article = X (Total C. P = 100X)

Let the no. of articles = X

36 A shopkeeper allows a discount of 10% on the marked price of an item

Let the M. P = X, discount = 10%

Author : J. Maha Laxamaiah

Least C. P => 200 × 8 = 1600/-

40 The price of a sugar is increased by 20%. If the expenditure on sugar has

C. P of 2- dozen oranges => (10 + 8) = 18/-

S. P of one kg mixture = 14. 40/-

Dearer price: Cheaper price => 345: 630

Author : J. Maha Laxamaiah

44 In a big bazaar, a shopkeeper mixed two varieties of Daal at 20/- per kg

Let the amount taxable purchase = X/-

Author : J. Maha Laxamaiah

X = 433. 3/- (answer)

48 Titan sells a wrist watch to a wholesaler making a profit of 10%. The

49 A shopkeeper sold 12 cameras at a profit of 20% and 8 cameras at a

Let C. P of each camera = X