Mathematics (From www.examveda.

com)
Profit and Loss Concept of Mark Up:
Traders, while selling goods, add certain
percentage on the cost price. This addition is
Concept and applications of Profit and Loss
called percentage mark up, and the price thus
Cost Price: The price at which a particular
article is bought is called its cost price (C.P.). obtained is called as marked price.
The operative relationship is:
Selling Price: Selling price (S.P.) is that at
CP + Mark Up = Marked Price
which a particular article is sold.
CP + %Mark Up on CP = Marked Price
Profit: If S.P. is more than C.P., then there is
Marked Price - % discount = Selling Price
profit
Relation between CP and SP on the basis of Net
SP >CP, (Selling price is greater than Cost
percentage changes:
Price)
Suppose the SP is 25% greater than the CP. This
Profit= (SP-CP)
relationship can be seen as,
Loss: If SP is less than CP then there has been a
CP (100) ==25% ==>SP (125).
loss occurred.
SP Loss =(CP-SP)
Solved Examples:
Example 1:
Important formula
Find the single discount to equal three
1.Profit = (SP-CP)
consecutive discounts of 10%, 12%, and 5%.
2.SP = (profit + CP)
Solution:
3.CP = (SP - profit
The single discount can be given by,
4.% profit = (profit *100)/CP
100
5.SP = CP*[1+(%profit /100)]
==12% ==>88==5% ==>83.6==10% ==>75.2
6.CP = (100*SP)/(100* %profit)
4. (We can change percentage in any order)
7.Loss =(CP-SP)
Hence, single discount= (100-75.24)=24.76.
8.SP =(CP-loss)
Example 2:
9.CP =(SP + loss)
10.% loss = (loss*100)/CP A shopkeeper sells two items at the same price.
If he sells one of them at a profit of 10% and the
other at a loss of 10%, find the percentage profit
Profit calculation on the basis of Equating the
amount Spent and the Amount Earned or loss.
Solution:
Profit or loss can only be calculated in case of Such case can be solved by,
100==10 % (
the number of items being bought and sold
profit)==>110==10% (loss)==>99.
being equal. We take the difference of the
1 % loss is incurred.
money got and money given to get the
Example 3:
calculation of the profit or loss in transaction.
We also calculate profit when money is equated If by selling 2 items for Rs. 180 each the
shopkeeper gains 20% on one and losses 20%
in terms of Goods left in such case,
on the other, find the value of loss.
% profit = (Goods left/Goods sold)*100
Solution:
Example:
100==20 % (profit) ==>110---20 % (loss)
A fruit vendor recovers the cost of 25 mangoes
==>96.
by selling 20 mangoes. Find his profit.
4% loss incurred.
Solution:
%profit= (Goods left/Goods sold)*100
5*100/20 =25%

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Section 1 3. A sells an article to B at a profit of 10% B
sells the article back to A at a loss of 10%. In
1. A shopkeeper earns a profit of 12% on selling this transaction:
a book at 10% discount on the printed price. The A. A neither losses nor gains
ratio of the cost price and the printed price of B. A makes a profit of 11%
the book is: C. A makes a profit of 20%
A. 45:56 D. B loses 20%
B. 45:51 Answer: Option B
C. 47:56 Solution: First Method
D. 47:51 Let CP was 100 for A originally.
Answer: Option A A sells article to B at 10% profit,
Solution: Let the CP be 100. CP for B = 100 + 10% of 100 = 110.
Hence, SP = 100 + 12% of 100 = 112. Now, B sells it A again with loss 10%.
If the marked price be X, then Now, CP for A this time = 110 - 10% of 110 =
90% of X = 112 99.
=> X = (112*100)/90 = Rs. 1120/9 A makes Profit = 110 - 99 = 11.
Hence, %profit for A = (11*100)/100 = 10%.
Required ratio = 100:1120/9 = 900:1120 =
45:56. Second Method
It could be easily shown by net percentage
2. By selling a bicycle for Rs. 2,850, a change graphic.
shopkeeper gains 14%. If the profit is reduced to 100(A)==10%(Profit)==>110(B)==10%(Loss)=
8%, then the selling price will be: =>99(A)
A. Rs. 2,600 In this transaction A makes a profit of (110-99 =
B. Rs. 2,700 11%) 11% .
C. Rs. 2,800 [10% on selling to B and 1% profit on buying
D. Rs. 3000 back from B].
Answer: Option B
Solution: Let Cost Price was X. 4. A person sold a horse at a gain of 15%. Had
X + 14% of X = 2850 he bought it for 25% less and sold it for Rs. 600
X + 14X/100 = 2850 less, he would have made a profit of 32%. The
X + 0.14X = 2850 cost price of the horse was:
1.14X = 2850 A. Rs. 3,750 B. Rs. 3,250
X = 2500. C. Rs. 2,750 D. Rs. 2,250
So, Cost Price = Rs. 2500. Answer: Option A
Now, Selling Price When profit remains at 8%, Solution: Let the original CP = Rs. X.
= 2500 + 8% of 2500 Hence, SP= X + 15% of X = 115X/100 = Rs.
= Rs. 2700. 23X/20.
New, CP = X - 25% of X = 75X/100 = 3X/4.
Short-Cut New SP = 3X/4 + 32% of 3X/4 = Rs. 99X/100.
CP of bicycle = 100/114*2850 = Rs. 2500; According to the question,
SP for a profit of 8% = 108/100*2500 = Rs. (23x/20)-(99x/100)= 600
2700. Or, (115x-99x)/100 = 600
16x = 600*100
X = 600*100/16 = Rs. 3750.

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5. If a man were to sell his chair for Rs. 720, he
would lose 25%. To gain 25% he should sell it Short Cut method:
for: 100(CP)==30% ==>130(MP)==10% ==>117(
A. Rs. 1,200 B. Rs. 1,000 SP).
C. Rs. 960 D. Rs. 900 Gain = 17%.
Answer: Option A
Solution: Let the Cost price of the Chair is X. 8. If the profit per cent got on selling an article
SP = X - 25% of X is numerically equal to its cost price in rupees
720 = 0.75X and the selling price is Rs. 39, then cost price (in
X = 960. Rs.) will be:
CP = Rs. 960. A. 20 B. 22 C. 28 D. 30
So, To gain 25%, SP would be Answer: Option D
= 960 + 25% of 960 =Rs. 1200. Solution: SP = Rs. 39.
CP = x(let)
Short-cut Profit% = CP
CP of chair = (100/75)*720 = Rs. 960; Or, [(39-x)/x]*100 = x [%profit= (SP-CP)/CP]
To gain 25%, SP = (125/100)*960 = Rs. 1200. 3900-100x = x2
X2+100-3900 = 0
6. A man sold two chairs at Rs. 1,200 each. On X = 30. (we cannot take negative value of x)
one he gained 20% and on the other he lost
20%. His gain or loss in the whole transaction
is: 9. A man buys a field of agricultural land for Rs.
A. 1% loss B. 2% loss 3,60,000. He sells one-third at a loss of 20% and
C. 4% loss D. 15 gain two-fifths at a gain of 25%. At what price must
Answer: Option C he sell the remaining field so as to make an
Solution: In the case where loss and gain overall profit of 10%?
percentage is common on same selling price, A. Rs.1,00,000 B. Rs. 1,15,000
always a loss incurs in total deal. And this can C. Rs. 1,20,000 D. Rs. 1,25,000
be calculated by a short-cut: Answer: Option C
Loss on total deal Solution: First Method
= (Common loss or gain percentage /10)2 CP = 3600000.
= (20/10)2 = 4% To gain 10% on whole land, SP = 360000 +
10% of 360000 = Rs. 396000.
Alternatively, It can be also calculated through 1/3 of the land sold on 20% loss.
Graphic Change Method: This can be given by, SP of 1/3 land = (360000/3) - 20% of
100==20% gain ==>120==20% loss==>96. (360000/3) = Rs. 96000.
Loss = 4% (As 100 became 96). SP of 2/5 of the land = (360000 * 2)/5 + 25% of
(360000*2)/5 = Rs. 180000.
7. A shopkeeper marks his goods 30% above his Thus, SP of the remaining land = 396000 -
cost price but allows a discount of 10% at the 96000 - 180000 = Rs. 120000.
time of sale. His gain is:
A. 21% B. 20% C. 18% D. 17% Second Method
Answer: Option D SP of total agricultural field at a profit of 10%
Solution: Let the cost price be Rs. 100. = (360000*110)/100 = Rs. 396000
then the mark up price which is 30% above the So, SP of 1/3 of field
cost price, = (360000/3)*(80/100) = Rs. 96000
Mark price = (100 + 30% of 100) = Rs. 130 SP of 2/5th of the field
Shopkeeper gives a discount of 10% on mark up =(2*360000*125)/(5*100) = Rs. 180000.
price, then the Hence, SP of the remaining field
Selling Price = (130 - 10% 0f 130) = Rs. 117. = Rs. (396000-96000-180000) = Rs. 120000
Gain = 117-100 = Rs. 17
%gain = (17*100)/100 = 17%.

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10. An article is listed at Rs. 920. A customer 12. A bicycle marked at Rs. 2,000, is sold with
pays Rs. 742.90 for it after getting two two successive discount of 20% and 10%.An
successive discounts. If the rate of first discount additional discount of 5% is offered for cash
is 15%, the rate of 2nd discount is: payment. The selling price of the bicycle at cash
A. 3% payment is:
B. 5% A. Rs. 1,368
C. 8% B. Rs. 1,468
D. 12% C. Rs. 1,568
Answer: Option B D. Rs. 1,668
Solution: MP = 920. Answer: Option A
After first discount Marked Price (MP) become, Solution: Marked Price = 2000.
= 920 - 15% of 920 = 782. SP after first Discount of 20%
The Selling Price (SP) = 742.90. = 2000 - 20% of 2000 = 1600.
Let second discount was x% on 782. SP after second Discount of 10%
782 - x% of 782 = 742.90 = 1600 - 10% of 1600 = 1440.
782x/100 = 39.1 Now, the final selling price at cash
782x = 3910 = 1440 - 5% of 1440 = Rs. 1368.
x = 5%.
Second Discount = 5%. Short-Cut by using Graphic Change
2000(MP)==20%(disc.)==>1600==10%(disc.)=
Short-Cut =>1440==5%(disc.)==>1368(SP).
920==15%(1st discount))==782==x% (2nd disco
unt)==>742.90. 13. The marked price of a shirt and trousers are
Then, x% = (782-742.90)*100/742.90 in the ratio 1:2. The shopkeeper gives 40%
= (39.1*100)/742.9 discount on the shirt. If the total discount in the
= 5%. set of the shirt and trousers is 30%, the discount
offered on the trousers is:
11. A tradesman marks his goods at 25% above A. 15%
the cost price and allows purchasers a discount B. 20%
of 25/2%, his profit is: C. 25%
A. 8% B. 8.5% D. 30%
C. 8.625% D. 9.375% Answer: Option C
Answer: Option D Solution: Let the price of shirt and trouser be
Solution: Rs. 100 and Rs. 200 respectively.
Let his CP = Rs. 100. Then, price of set of shirt and trouser = Rs. 300.
Marked Price = 100 + 25% of 100 = 125. After giving 30% discount on the set,
Now, discount = 25/2% on MP. Selling Price = 300 - 30% of 300 = 210.
So, SP = 125 - (25/2)% of 125 = Rs. 109.375. Total Discount on Set = 90.
%Gain = 9.375%. And Discount on shirt is 20% alone,
SP of shirt alone = 100 - 40% of 100 = 60.
Alternatively use graphic change method: Rs. 40 is the discount on shirt then Rs. 50 must
100(CP)==25% Up==>125(MP)==12.5%down be the discount on the trouser.
==>109.375. So, discount on trouser = (50*100)/200 = 25%.
%Profit = 9.375%.

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14. A dealer buys an article marked at Rs. 16. The marked price of a radio is 20% more
25,000 with 20% and 5% off. He spends Rs. than its cost price. If a discount of 10% is given
1,000 for its repairs and sells it for Rs. 25,000. on the marked price, the gain per cent is:
What is his gain or loss per cent? A. 15 B. 12
A. loss of 25% B. gain of 25% C. 10 D. 8
Answer: Option D
C. gain 10% D. loss of 10%
Solution: Let CP = 100.
Answer: Option B Then, MP = 100 + 20% of 100 = 120.
Solution: Marked Price = 25000. Now, SP = 120 - 10% of 120 = 108.
After first discount it become, Gain = 108 - 100 = 8
= 25000 - 20% of 25000 = 20000. %Gain = (8 *100)/100 = 8%.
After second discount, it becomes
= 20000 - 5% of 20000 = 19000. Short-cut
So, SP = 19000. 100(CP)==20%(up)==>120(MP)==10%(disc.)=
CP for the man who bought it, as he spends =>108.
1000 on repair. % gain = 8%.
= 19000 + 1000 = 20000
Profit = 25000 - 20000 = 5000. 17. A shopkeeper sells sugar in such a way that
the selling price of 950g of sugar is the same s
%Profit = (5000*100)/20000 = 25%. the cost price of 1 kg of sugar. What is his gain
percent?
Short-Cut A. 5(5/19) B. 5(1/5)
25000(MP)==20%(Disc.)==>20000==5%(disc.) C. 5 D. 4(1/19)
==>19000(CP). Answer: Option A
Spends on repair = Rs. 1000. Solution: Sell sugar = 950g instead of 1000g.
Then, CP becomes = 19000+1000 = 20000. Profit in Sugar = 1000 - 950 = 50g.
Profit = 5000. Now, % profit = (50*100)/950 = 5(5/19)%.
% profit = 5000*100/20000 = 25%.
Short-Cut
15. A trader sells his goods at a discount 20%. % profit = (Goods left/Goods sold)*100.
He still makes a profit of 25%. If he sells the = (50/950)*100 = 5(5/19)%.
goods at the marked price only, his profit will 18. After allowing a discount of 11.11%, a
be: trader still makes a gain of 14.28%. At how
A. 56.25% B. 25.56% many percent above the cost price does he mark
C. 50.25% D. 54.25% on his goods?
Answer: Option A A. 28.56% B. 35%
Solution: Let the marked price = Rs. 100. C. 22.22% D. None of these
Then, SP = 100 - 20% of 100 = Rs. 80 Answer: Option A
Profit = 25%. Solution: Let the CP be Rs. 100, then SP = 100
Let His CP = X. + 14.28% of 100 = Rs. 114.28.
SP = 80 (As Profit = 14.28%)
X + 25% of X = 80 This profit is arrived after giving discount of
11.11% on the marked price.
Hence, X = Rs. (100*80)/125 = Rs. 64.
Let the marked price be x.
CP = Rs. 64. X - 11.11% of X = 114.28.
Profit after selling on marked price = 100-64 = X*(100 -11.11)/100 = 114.28
Rs. 36 X = (114.28*100)/8889 = Rs. 128.56, which is
% gain = 36*100/64 = 56.25%. more than 28.56% of CP.

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19. A dealer buys dry fruits at Rs. 100, Rs. 80, 22. A reduction of 10% in the price of tea
and Rs. 60 per kilogram. He mixes them in the enables a dealer to purchase 25 kg more tea for
ratio 3:4:5 by weight and sells at a profit of Rs. 22500. What is the reduced price per kg of
50%. At what price per kilogram does he sell tea?
the dry fruits? A. Rs. 70 B. Rs. 80
A. Rs. 80 C. Rs. 90 D. Rs. 100
B. Rs. 100 Answer: Option C
C. Rs. 95 Solution: 1st Method:
Let the original price of tea be Rs. x/kg.
D. None of these
After reduction the price becomes = x -10% of x
Answer: Option D
= 9x/10 per kg.
Solution: Let the dealer buys 3 kg, 4 kg and 5 Now,
kg. (22500/(9x/10))-22500/x = 25
Price of total dry fruits = 3*100+4*80+5*60 = Or, 22500[10/9x- 1/x] = 25
Rs. 920. Or, 25*9x = 22500;
SP = 920 + 50% of 920 = 1380. Or, x = (22500/2589) = Rs. 100.
Hence, Hence, new price = 90 per kg.
Price of mix dry fruits per kg = 1380/12 = Rs.
115. Thought process Method:
Let the original price be Rs. 100 per kg, he get
20. The cost price of an article is 80% of its tea = 22500/100 = 225 kg.
marked price for sale. How much per cent does After reduction the price becomes = 90 per kg,
the tradesman gain after allowing a discount of he get tea = 22500/90 = 250 kg.
12%? So, reduction price is Rs. 90 per kg as it enables
A. 20 B. 12 him to buy 25 kg of more tea.
C. 10 D. 8
Answer: Option C 23. A sells an article to B at gain of 25% B sells
Solution: Let the marked price = Rs. 100 it to C at a gain of 20% and C sells it to D at a
gain 10%. If D pays Rs. 330 for it, how much
Then the cost price = 80% of 100 = Rs. 80
did it cost to A?
After allowing 12% discount on MP,
A. Rs. 200 B. Rs. 250
SP become = Rs. 88. C. Rs. 275 D. Rs. 290
% profit = 8*100/80 = 10%. Answer: Option A
Solution: First Method
21. A merchant has announced 25% rebate on Let Cost Price for A was 100.
prices of ready-made garments at the time of Then CP for B = 100 + 25% of 100 = 125.
sale. If a purchaser needs to have a rebate of Rs. CP for C = 125 + 20% of 125 = 150.
400, then how many shirts, each costing Rs. CP for D = 150 + 10% of 150 = 165.
320, should he purchase? But, D pay Rs. 330.
A. 10 B. 7 Then it must be equal to 165 = 330
C. 6 D. 5 1 = 330/165
Answer: Option D 100 = (330 * 100)/165 = 200.
Solution: Discount on one shirt, Thus, CP for A = Rs. 200.
= 25% of 320 = 320*25/100 = Rs. 80.
Hence, number of shirt he must buy to get a Short-cut
rebate of Rs. 400 = 400/80 = 5. A's CP = 330*(100/125)*(100/120)*(100/110)
= Rs. 200

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24. I sold two watches for Rs. 300 each, one at Graphic Change Method
loss of 20% and other at the profit of 20%. What 100==20%(disc.)==>80==10%(disc.)==>72
is the percentage of loss (-) or profit (+) that Equivalent discount = 28%.
resulted from the transaction?
A. (+)4 B. (-)1 27. A dealer allows his customer a discount of
C. (+)1 D. (-)4 25% and still gains 25%. If cost price of a radio
Answer: Option D is Rs. 1,440, its marked price is:
Solution: In such cases, always loss occurs. It A. Rs. 2500 B. Rs. 2440
can be calculated by this formula, C. Rs. 2400 D. Rs. 2020
= (loss or gain percentage)2/100 = 4. Answer: Option C
That is 4% of loss. Solution: Let MP = X.
CP = 1440.
Graphic Change method
SP = 1440 + 25% of 1440 = Rs. 1800.
100==20%(loss) ==>120==20%(gain) ==>96.
% Loss = 4%. SP = MP - 25% of MP
SP = X - 25% of 100.
25. A shopkeeper wishes to give 5% SP = X - 0.25X
commission on the marked price of an article 1800 = 0.75X
but also wants to earn a profit of 10%. If his cost X = 2400.
price is Rs. 95, then marked price is: MP = Rs. 2400.
A. Rs. 100 B. Rs.110
C. Rs. 120 D. Rs. 130 Short-Cut
Answer: Option B Let the marked price = Rs. x.
Solution: CP = Rs. 95. Hence, 75*x/100 = 1440* (125/100)
Then SP = 95 + 10% of 95 = Rs. 104.5. =>x = (1440*125)/75 = Rs. 2400.
Let MP = X. He gives 5% commission on MP.
So, 28. The selling price of an article after giving
SP = X - 5% of X two successive discounts of 10% and 5% on the
SP = 0.95X. marked price is Rs. 171. What is the marked
104.5 = 0.95X. price?
X = 104.5/0.95 = 110. A. Rs. 200 B. Rs. 220
Thus, MP = Rs. 110.
C. Rs. 240 D. Rs. 250
Answer: Option A
Short-cut
95===10%(gain)===>104.5===5%(Commissio Solution: Equivalent Discount,
n)===>109.72( = 110). =(A + B) - (AB/100)
= (10 + 5) - (10*5/100) = 14.5%.
26. Two successive discount of 10% and 20% Let MP = X.
are equivalent to a single discount of: Now, X - 14.5% of X = 171(Selling Price)
A. 30% B. 28% 0.855X = 171
C. 26% D. 25% X = 200.
Answer: Option B Hence, MP = Rs. 200.
Solution: Use Formula,
Equivalent Discount = (A + B) - (AB/100) Going through options,
where A = First Discount, B =Second Discount. 200(MP)==10%(disc.)==>180==5%(disc.)==>1
Equivalent Discount = (20 + 10) - (20*10)/100 71(CP).
Equivalent Discount = 30 - 2 = 28%.

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29. A man purchased some fruits for Rs. 1000. 31. A man buys a chair and table for Rs. 6000.
He sold fruits worth 400 at 10% profit. At what He sells the chair at a loss of 10% and the table
profit per cent, must he sell the rest in order to at gain of 10%. He still gains Rs. 100 on the
gain 20% on the whole? whole. Cost price of chair is:
A. 26(2/3)% A. Rs. 2500 B. Rs. 2850
B. 25% C. Rs. 3050 D. Rs. 3500
C. 30% Answer: Option A
D. 33(1/3)% Solution: If the CP of the chair be Rs. x then,
Answer: Option A Total SP = (x*90)/100+((6000-x)*110/100);
Solution: To get 20 % profit on whole, Or, 9x+66000-11x = 61000;
Or, 2x = 66000-61000 = 5000;
1000(CP)==20%(gain)==>1200(SP). Or, x = Rs. 2500.
Total Profit = 1200 - 1000 = Rs. 200.
400 ==10%(gain)==>440. 32. By selling a bicycle for Rs. 2,850, a
He gets Rs. 40 profit on 400 hundred. Rest shopkeeper gains 14%. If the profit is reduced to
Profit = 200 - 40 = 160. 8%, then the selling price will be:
Then he must get Rs. 160 as profit on Rs. 600; A. Rs. 2600 B. Rs.2700
Hence, % profit = 160*100/600 = 26.66%. C. Rs. 2800 D. Rs. 3000
Answer: Option B
30. A dealer offers a cash discount of 20% and Solution: CP of bicycle = 100*2850/114 = Rs.
still makes a profit of 20%, when he further 2500
allows 16 articles to a dozen to a particularly SP for the profit of 8% = 108*2500/100 = Rs.
sticky bargainer. How much percent above the 2700.
cost price were his wares listed?
A. 100% B. 80% 33. By selling an article, a man makes a profit of
C. 75% D. 66(2/3)% 25% of its selling price. His profit percent is:
Answer: Option A A. 20% B. 25%
Solution: Let the CP of the article be Rs. x, C. 16(2/3) D. 33(1/3)%
since he earns a profit of 20%, hence SP= X + Answer: Option D
20% of X = 1.2x. Solution: He gets 25% profit on the selling
It is given that he incurs loss by selling 16 price.
articles at the cost of 12 articles [loss = (16- Let SP = x; then
12)/16 = 25%] CP = x-(x/4) = Rs. 3x/4.
His selling price = SP - 25% of SP = SP*0.75; Hence,
Hence, SP*0.75 = 1.2X. %gain = {(x/4)/(3x/4)}*100 = 100/3 = 33(1/3).
Or, SP = (1.2*x/0.75) = 1.6X.
This SP is arrived after giving a discount of 20% 34. Two successive price increase of 10% and
on MP. 10% of an article are equivalent to a single price
Let MP = Y. increase of:
Y - 20% of Y = SP A. 26(2/3) B. 25%
0.80Y = 1.6X. C. 21% D. 33(1/3)
Y = 2X. Answer: Option C
It means that the article has been marked 100% Solution: 100----10% -- 110---10% -- 121.
above the cost price. Or Marked Price was twice Equivalent price increase = 21%.
of cost price.

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35. A stockiest wants to make some profit by 8p+22*(3p)/4 = 6615;
selling sugar. He contemplates about various Or, 8p+(33p/2) = 6615;
methods. Which of the following would
maximize his profit? In the expression for LHS = RHS; we need
i. Sell sugar at 10% profit. 33p/4 to be odd number.
ii. Use 900 g of weight instead of 1 kg. This can only happen when p is not a multiple
iii. Mix 10% impurities in sugar and selling of 4.
sugar at cost price. Hence, option a and c gets eliminated
iv. Increase the price by 5% and reduced automatically.
weights by 5%. Now, we check for option b which is correct.
A. i or ii
B. ii 37. A driver of auto rickshaw makes a profit of
C. ii, ii and iv 20% on every trip when he carries 3 passengers
D. Profits are same and the price of petrol is Rs. 30 a litre. Find the
E. None of these % profit for the same journey if he goes for 4
Answer: Option B passengers per trip and the price of petrol
Solution: Let the CP of 1 kg of sugar be Rs. 100. reduces to Rs. 24 litres? (revenue per passenger
Then, CP of 900g sugar = (100*900)/1000 = Rs. is same)
90 A. 20%
Hence, profit % = [(100-90)/90]*100 = 11.11%. B. 33.33%
C. 100%
If he add 10% impurity then his CP for 1 kg = D. 65.66%
(100*1000)/1100 = Rs. 90.9; E. Data inadequate
And % profit = [(100-90.9)/90.9]*100 = 10.01% Answer: Option C
Solution: Assume the cost price = 100 and
If he reduces weight by 5 % Then, cost price of selling price = 120.
950 g = (100*950)/1000 = Rs 95 and SP = 105; Then, when price of petrol is reduced;
% profit = [(105-95)/95]*100 = 10.25 %. Cost price become 60 and selling price = 160;
Profit increased = 100%.
36. A rickshaw dealer buys 30 rickshaws for Rs.
4725. Of these, 8 are four-seaters and the rest 38. A dishonest dealer marks up the price of his
are two seaters. At what price must he sell the goods by 20% and gives a discount of 10% to
four-seaters so that if he sells the two-two the customer. He also uses a 900 gram weight
seaters at 3/4th of this price, he makes a profit instead of a 1 kilogram weight. Find his
40% on his outlay? percentage profit due to these maneuvers?
A. Rs. 180 A. 8% B. 12%
B. Rs. 279 C. 20% D. 16%
C. Rs. 360 Answer: Option C
D. Rs. 450 Solution: He sells only 900 grams when he takes
E. None of these the money for 1 kg.
Answer: Option B and he sells at a 8% profit (20% markup, 10%
Solution: On an investment of Rs. 4725, a profit discount).
of 40% means a profit of 1890. Hence, his selling price is Rs. 108 for 900
Hence, the targeted sales realization is Rs. 6615. grams.
The required equation; % profit = (18/90)*100 = 20%.

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39. A dishonest dealer marks up the price of his Now, revenue =
goods by 20% and gives a discount of 10% to [(1/2)*130+(1/4)*0.85*130+(1/4)*0.7*130]
the customer. He also uses a 900 gram weight = 65+27.65+22.5 = 115.4;
instead of a 1 kilogram weight. Find his % profit = 15.4*100/100 = 15.4%.
percentage profit due to these maneuvers?
A. 8% B. 12% 42. A dishonest dealer marks up the price of his
C. 20% D. 16% goods by 20% and gives a discount of 10% to
E. None of these the customer. Besides, he also cheats both his
Answer: Option C supplier and his buyer by 100 grams while
Solution: Let CP = 1/gram; buying or selling 1 kilogram. Find the
Then, he sells 900 g is 1080; percentage profit earned by the shopkeeper?
While the CP of 900 grams is 900. A. 20% B. 25%
% profit = (180*100)/900 = 20%. C. 32% D. 46.66%
E. 50%
40. The cost of setting up the type of a magazine Answer: Option C
Solution: While buying,
is Rs. 1000. The cost of running the printing
He buys 1100 gram instead of 1000gram.
machine is Rs. 120 per 100 copies. The cost of Suppose he bought 1100 grams for Rs. 1000.
paper, ink and so on is 60 paise per copy. The While selling,
magazines are sold at Rs. 2.75 each. 900 copies He sells only 900 grams when he takes the
are printed, but only 784 copies are sold. What money for 1 kg.
is the sum to be obtained from advertisements to Now, according to the problem,
give profit of 10% on the cost? he sells at a 8% profit (20% markup, 10%
A. Rs. 730 B. Rs. 720 discount).
C. Rs. 726 D. Rs. 736 Hence, his selling price is Rs. 1080 for 900
E. Rs. 750 grams.
Answer: Option C Now, 1100grams for Rs. 1000
Solution: Hence, 1188 grams for Rs. 1080
Total cost = type+Printing+paper, ink Selling: 900 grams for Rs. 1080.
= 1000+120*9+540 = 2620; Hence, % profit = 288/900 = 32%.
Net sum to be recovered = Rs. 2882; (using goods left by goods sold formula).
Total magazine sold 784 for = 784*2.75 = 2156.
Sum obtained from advertisement = 2882-2156 43. Ajay bought a motor cycle for Rs. 50,000. 2
= Rs. 726. years later he sold it to Vijay at 10% less of the
cost price. Vijay spend 5% of the purchasing
41. A tradesman fixed his selling price of goods price on its maintenance. Later Vijay displayed
at 30% above the cost price. He sells half the the sale price of his motorcycle Rs. 50,000.
stock at this price, one-quarter of his stock at a Chetan wanted to purchase it at 15% discount
discount of 15% on the original selling price and but Vijay gave him two successive discounts of
rest at a discount of 30% on the original selling 10% and 5% instead of 15% in one time. What
price. Find the gain percentage altogether? is the actual discount availed by Chetan?
A. 14.875% B. 15.375% A. 15% B. 15.5%
C. 15.575% D. 16.375% C. 14.5 % D. 16.5%
E. 16.5% E. Cannot determined
Answer: Option B Answer: Option C
Solution: Let CP = 100; then, marked Solution: 100 ----10% (1st discount)---> 90----
price=130; 5% ---> 85.5
Net discount = 100-85.5 = 14.5%.

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47. The cost of setting up a magazine is Rs.
44. A trader sells goods to a customer at a profit
of k% over the cost price, besides it he cheats 2800. The cost of paper and ink etc is Rs. 80 per
his customer by giving 880 g only instead of 1 100 copies and printing cost is Rs. 160 per 100
kg. Thus his overall profit percentage is 255. copies. In last month 2000 copies were printed
Find the value of k? but only 1500 copies could be sold at Rs. 5
A. 8.33% each. Total 25% profit on the sale price was
B. 8.25% realized. There is one more resource of income
C. 10% from magazine which is advertising. What sum
D. 12.5% of money obtained from the advertising in
Answer: Option C magazine?
Solution: % Profit = 25 /100 = (120 +k)/ 880 A. Rs. 1750
k = 100 B. Rs. 2350
Thus, Net % profit = (100 *100) /1000 = 10%. C. Rs. 1150
D. Rs. 1975
45. A retailer increase the selling price by 25% E. None of these
due to which his profit percentage increase from Answer: Option D
20% to 25%. What is the percentage increase in Solution: Set up cost = Rs. 2800
cost price ? Paper etc = Rs. 1600
A. 20% Printing cost = Rs. 3200
B. 30% Total cost = Rs. 7600
C. 25% Total sale price = 1500*5 = 7500
D. 50% Let amount obtained from advertising be x then,
Answer: Option A (7500+x)-7600 = 25 % of 7500
Solution: 100 (Initial CP) ---- 20% (initial x = 1975.
profit)---> 120 (SP).
120 (SP) ---25% ---> 150 (New SP). 48. A person bought a certain quantity of rice at
Let x be the new Cost price. the rate of Rs. 150/quintal. 10% of the rice was
Selling Price = 150. spoiled. At what rate(per quintal) should he sell
x * 1.25 = 150. the remaining rice to earn 20% profit.
x = 120. A. Rs. 180
% change = [(120 -100)/ 100] *100 = 20%. B. Rs. 200
C. Rs. 210
46. A watch costing Rs. 120 was sold at a loss D. Rs. 220
of 15%. At what price was it sold? Answer: Option B
A. Rs. 112 Solution: Suppose he buy 1 quintal of Rice in
B. Rs.102 Rs.150.
C. Rs. 135 10% is spoiled so he now have to sell of 90 kg
D. Rs. 110 remaining).
Answer: Option B But he has to make a profit of 20%,so he will
Solution: 120 (CP) ----15% (loss)----> 102 sell
(SP). 90kg for Rs. 180
Mental work: This means his selling price is Rs. 200 per
10 % of Rs. 120 = 12 quintal.
5% of Rs 120 = 6.

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49. A trader sells two brands of petrol; one is 79.2(Total CP)
Extra Premium and other one is speed. He mixes Now, selling price would be 25% above the
12 litres Extra Premium with 3 litres of speed Total cost price.
and by selling this mixture at the price of Extra SP = 79.2 + 25% of 79.2
Premium he gets the profit of 9.09. If the price SP = 99
of Extra Premium Rs. 48 per litre, then the price Now, On comparing,
of Speed is: 100 ==> 800000
A. Rs. 38 per litre 99 ==> (800000/100) *99 ==> 7, 92,000
B. Rs. 42 per litre So,
C. Rs. 28 per litre SP = Rs. 7, 92, 000.
D. Rs. 18 per litre
E. None of These 51. Cost price of 12 oranges is equal to the
Answer: Option C selling price of 9 oranges and the discount on 10
Solution: Selling price mix EP, oranges is equal to the profit on 5 oranges. What
= (CP + 9.09% of CP) is the percentage point difference between the
48 = 12/11 of CP profit percentage and discount percentage?
CP = 44 A. 20
Now, using Alligation method, B. 22.22
C. 16.66
D. 15
E. None of These
Answer: Option B
Solution: Ratio of selling price and Cost Price,
SP:CP = 12:9 =4:3
Profit of 3 oranges = Re 1 (Let CP = Re 1)
4:1 Thus, Profit = 1/3 = 33.33%
X = 44 and, Discount = 11.11%
Thus, the price of speed brand is Rs. 28/litre. Since,
CP:SP:MP = 3:4:4.5
50. Kamal bought a house, whose sale price was Profit doubles that of discount.
Rs. 8 lakh. He availed 20% discount as an early So, % point discount = 33.33%-11.11% =
bird offer and then 10% discount due to cash 22.22% point.
payment. After that he spent 10% of the cost
price in interior decoration and lawn of the Detail Explanation:
house. At what price should he sell the house to 12 C.P = 9 S.P,
earn a profit of 25%? So profit % ={(12 C.P - 9 C.P)/9 C.P} = 33.33.
A. Rs. 9 lakh Then it is said that,
5 SP - 5 CP = 10MP -10SP
B. Rs. 7.99 lakh
From that we get relation between MP and SP,
C. Rs. 7.92 lakh that is,
D. Rs. 7 lakh 27 SP=24 MP( With help of 12 CP= 9 SP ).
E. None of These THEN DISCOUNT % = (MP-SP)/MP
Answer: Option C = 11.11%.
Solution: Let the marked price be 100. So, % point discount 33.33%-11.11%= 22.22%.
100 == 20% (discount)==> 80 == 10%
(discount)==> 72(CP) == 10% (interior)==>

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52. Profit selling 10 candles equals selling price 54. Find the selling price of goods if two
of 3 bulbs. While loss on selling 10 bulbs equal salesmen claim to make 25% profit each, one
selling price of 4 candles. Also profit percentage calculating it on cost price while another on the
equals to the loss percentage and cost of a selling price, the difference in the profits earned
candle is half of the cost of a bulb. What is the being Rs. 100 and selling price being the same
ratio of selling price of candles to the selling in both the cases?
price of a bulb? A. Rs. 1200 B. Rs. 1600
A. 5:4 B. 3:2 C. Rs. 2400 D. Rs. 2500
C. 4:5 D. 3:4 E. Rs. 3000
Answer: Option B Answer: Option A
Solution:
Solution: Let CP's be Rs. 1000 each, their
Price Candle Bulb respective SP will be,
1000==25% ==> 1250 [person calculating
SP A(let) C(let) profit on the CP]
1000 ==33.33% ==> 1333.33 [The person
calculating his profit on SP: 25% of SP =
CP B D 33.33% of CP]
The difference turned out to be = 83.33. this has
and, C = 2A occured when we have assumed the CP as 1000.
Profit = 10 (B-A) = 3D But, we are given difference of Rs. 100.
Loss = 10 (C-D) = 4B So, on comparing,
Profit % = (3D*100)/10A 83.33 = 1000
Loss % = (4B*100)/10C 1 = [1000/83.33]
Now, By the questions, 100 = [1000/83.33] *100 = Rs. 1200.
(3D*100)/10A = (4B*100)/10C
B/D = 3/2.
55. A shopkeeper calculate percentage profit on
53. An egg seller sells his eggs only in the packs the buying price and another on the selling
of 3 eggs, 6 eggs, 9 eggs, 12 eggs etc., but the price. What will be their difference in profits if
rate is not necessarily uniform. One day Raju both claim a profit of 20% on goods sold for Rs.
(which is not the same egg seller) purchased at 3000?
the rate of 3 eggs for a rupee and the next hour A. Rs. 200 B. Rs. 100
he purchased equal number of eggs at the rate of C. Rs. 150 D. Rs. 400
6 eggs for a rupee. Next day he sold all the eggs E. None of these
at the rate of 9 eggs for Rs. 2. What is his Answer: Option A
percentage profit or loss? Solution: For 20% profit on selling price means
A. 10% loss B. 11.11% loss 1/5 of 3000 i.e. Rs. 600
C. 3% loss D. 2.5 % profit Now, let the CP = Rs. 100, Then,
E. None of These SP with 20% profit = Rs. 120
Answer: Option B For 20% profit on selling price means cost is
Solution: CP of one egg in first case 100+ profit is 20 = selling price is 120.
= 1/3 = 33.33 paise Means selling price is 120% of cost price.
CP of one egg in second case Now selling price is 120% ie 3000 then find
= 1/6 = 16.66 paise 100% amount which will be cost.
Average CP = (33.33 +16.66)/2 = 25 paise Cost = 3000/120%
Selling price of 9 eggs = Rs. 2 = 3000/(6/5) = 3000 x 5/6 = 2500
SP of one egg = 200/9 Thus profit is 20% i.e. 1/5 x 2500 = 500
Profit or loss = [(25 - (200/9))*100]/25
Profit or loss = -11.11. (loss) Thus, Difference is 600-500 = Rs.100.

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56. A pharmaceutical company made 3000
strips of tablets at a cost of Rs. 4800. The
company gave away 1000 strips of tablets to
doctors as free samples. A discount of 25% was
allowed on the printed price. Find the ratio
profit if the price is raised from Rs. 3.25 to Rs.
4.25 per strip and if at the latter price, samples
to doctors were done away with. (New profit /
Old profit).
A. 55.5 B. 63.5
C. 75 D. 99.25
E. 80
Answer: Option B
Solution: Total sales revenue (Old) =
2000*3.25*0.75 = 4875[0.75 as 25% discount
was allowed]
ProfitOld = Total sales revenue - 4800
= 4875-4800 = 75
Total sales revenue (New) = 3000*4.25*0.75 =
9562.5[New price is calculated on doctors
samples as well.]
ProfitNew = 9562.5 - 4800 = 4762.5
Ratio,
ProfitNew / ProfitOld = 4762.5/75 = 63.5.
57. An article costing Rs. 20 was marked 25%
above the cost price. After two successive
discounts of the same percentage, the customer
now pays Rs. 20.25. What would be the
percentage change in profit had the price been
increased by the same percentage twice
successively instead reducing it?
A. 3600% B. 3200%
C. 2800% D. 4000%
E. 3800%
Answer: Option D
Solution: The successive discounts must have
been of 10% each. As
20 (CP) == 25% ==> 25(MP)==10 ==> 22.5
==10% ==> 20.25(SP)
Profit = 20.25-20 = 0.25
Increased percentage if price have been
increased twice successively instead of reducing
it,
20(MP)== 10% ==>27.5 ==10% ==> 30.25
Profit = 30.25 -20 = 10.25.
Profit Change = 10.25 - 0.25 = 10
Percentage Profit change,
= (10 *100)/(0.25) = 4000%.
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58. A pen company produces very fine quality
of writing pens. Company knows that on
average 10% of the produced pens are always
defective so are rejected before packing.
Company promises to deliver 7200 pens to its
wholesaler at Rs. 10 each. It estimates the
overall profit on all the manufactured pens to be
25%. What is the manufactured cost of each
pen?
A. Rs. 6 B. Rs. 7.2
C. Rs. 5.6 D. Rs. 8
E. None of these
Answer: Option B
Solution: The company is able to deliver 90% of
the manufactured pens. Means to produce 7200
pens they must have to produce 8000 pens as
10% are defectives.
So,
let K be the manufacturing price of each pen.
Total income (including 25% profit)
= 8000 *K *1.25
This same income is obtained by selling 90%
manufactured pens at Rs. 10 which is
equal to 7200 *10.
Thus, 8000 *K *1.25 = 7200 *10
K = Rs. 7.2. [90% of 8000 = 7200]
59. A company charges a fixed rental of Rs. 350
per month. It allows 200 calls free per month.
Each call is charge at Rs. 1.4 when the number
of calls exceed 200 per month and it charges Rs.
1.6 when the number of calls exceeds 400 per
month and so on. A customer made 150 calls in
February and 250 calls in march. By how much
percent each call is cheaper in March than each
call in February.
A. 28% B. 25%
C. 18.5% D. 16%
E. None of these
Answer: Option A
Solution: Charge per call in February
= 350/150 = 7/3 = 2.33
Charge per call in March
= [350+(50*1.4)]/250 = 420/250 = 42/25 = 1.68
% Cheaper call rate in March
= [(2.33-1.68)/2.33]*100 = 28%.
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60. In the Bargaining Bazar everyone purchase 62. A dishonest trader marks up his goods by
with a fair bargaining, so the traders markup the 80% and gives discount of 25%. Besides he gets
prices too much. A trader marked up an article 20% more amount per kg from wholesaler and
at Rs. M expected huge profit if it is sold on sells 10% less per kg to customer. What is the
marked price. But a customer purchased it at overall profit percentage?
M/2 with his fine bargaining skills, so the A. 50% B. 60%
expected profit of the trader diminished by C. 70% D. 80%
66.66%. What is the percentage discount E. None of these
fetched by the customer through bargaining? Answer: Option D
A. 33.33% B. 50% Solution: CP = 100/120 = 10/12 [Since, he
C. 60% D. 66.66% purchases 120 g and pays Rs. 100, by
E. None of these assumption actual CP of 1 g = Re. 1]
Answer: Option B SP = 135/90 = 3/2 = 18/15 [Since, Actual MP =
Solution: MP = M 180 as he mark Up 80% above, SP = 135, with
SP = M/2 25% discount and he sells 90 g instead of 100g]
% Discount = [(M/2) /M] *100 = 50%. Percentage Profit = {[(18/12) - (10/12)]
/(10/12)} *100 = 80%.
61. The price of an article reduces to 576 after
two successive discounts. The markup is 80% 63. The profit percentage on three articles A, B
above the cost price of Rs. 500. What is the new and C is 10%, 20%, and 25% and the ratio of the
profit percentage if instead of two successive cost price is 1: 2: 4. Also the ratio of number of
discounts the markup price was further articles sold of A, B and C is 2: 5: 2, then
increased successively two times by the same overall profit percentage is:
percentage? A. 18.5 B. 21%
A. 259.2% B. 157% C. 23% D. 27%
C. 159.2% D. 300% Answer: Option B
E. None of these Solution: Ratio of CP given as 1:2:4.
Answer: Option C Let cost of,
Solution: CP = 500 A=x
SP = 576 B = 2x
MP = 900 [80% above the CP] C = 4x
Now, Ratio of Number of sell is given as 2:5:2.
SP = MP*[1-(R/100)]2 Let number of items sold be,
[R = Rate of Discount ] A = 2y
576 = 900*[1-(R/100)]2 B = 5y
R = 20% C = 2y
Total cost (A+B+C),
Again, = (2xy+10xy+8xy)
SP = MP*[1+(R/100)]2 = 20xy
SP = 900*[1+(20/100)]2 Profit of A = 0.2xy
SP = 1296 Profit of B = 2xy
New Profit Percentage, Profit of C = 2xy
= [(SP-CP)/CP]*100 Total profit = 4.2xy
= [(1296-500)/500]*100 % Profit = (4.2xy*100)/20xy = 21%.
= 159.2%.

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64. The accountants of a company show sales of had paid. Find the amount at Hercules' loss if
Rs. 12,600. The primary cost is 35% of sales David had paid Rs. 1.75 lakh for the laptop.
and trading cost accounts for 25% of the gross A. 3500 B. 2500
profit. Gross profit is arrived at by excluding the C. 17,500 D. 20,000
primary cost plus the cost of advertising E. None of these
expenses of Rs. 1400, director's salary of Rs. Answer: Option C
650 per annum plus 2% annual sales as Solution: David (100) == 20% (loss)==>
miscellaneous costs. Find the percentage profit Goliath (80) ==25% (gain)==> Hercules(100)
(approx) on a capital investment of Rs. 14,000? ==10% (loss)==> Goliath (90)
A. 35% B. 31% Hercules loss corresponds to 10 when David
C. 28% D. 26% buys the laptop for Rs. 100.
E. Cannot be determined Thus, Hercules loss would be Rs. 17,500 when
Answer: Option B David buys the laptop for 1,75,000.
Solution: Primary Cost:
35% of 12600 = 4410 67. The cost of servicing of a Maruti car at
Miscellaneous costs: Maruti care PVT. Ltd. is Rs. 400. Manager of
2% of 12600 = 252 service centre told me that for the second
Gross Profit = 12600 - 4410 - 1400 - 650 - 252 service within a year a customer can avail a 10%
= 5888 discount and further for third and fourth
Trading Cost = 0.25 * 5888 = 1472 servicing he can avail 10% discount of the
Hence, Net Profit = 4416 previous amount paid, within a year. Further if a
Percentage Profit = 4416/14000 = 31.54%. customer gets more than 4 services within a
year, he has to pay just 60% of the servicing
65. A dishonest shopkeeper, at the time of charges on these services. A customer availed 5
selling and purchasing, weighs 10% less and services from the same servicing station, what is
20% more per kilogram respectively. Find the the total percentage discount fetched by the
percentage profit earned by treachery. customer?
(Assuming he sells at Cost Price) A. 19.42% B. 18.5%
A. 30% B. 20% C. 17.6% D. 26%
C. 25% D. 33.33% E. None of these
E. None of these Answer: Option A
Answer: Option D Solution: 100 ==10% (1st disc.)==> 90
Solution: While purchasing he would take 1200 ==10% ==> 81 == 10% ==> 72.9 ==10% ==>
grams for the price of 1000 grams. While selling 60(After 5th discount.)
he would sell 900 grams for the price of 1000
grams. Alternatively,
Since, CP = SP Amount paid in 1st service = 100 (Assume)
The profit earned by him, Amount paid in 2nd service = 90
Goods Left / Goods sold Amount paid in 3rd service = 81
= (300 *100)/900 = 33.33%. Amount paid in 4th service = 72.9
Amount paid in 5th service = 60
66. David sells his Laptop to Goliath at a loss of Total amount paid,
20% who subsequently sells it to Hercules at a = (100 +90 +81 +72.9 +60) = 403.9
Profit of 25%. Hercules, after finding some Total Discount = 500 - 403.9 = 96.1
defect in the laptop, returns it to Goliath but % Discount = (96.1 *100) /500 = 19.42%.
could recover only Rs. 4.50 for every Rs. 5 he

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68. A vendor sells his articles at a certain profit Section 2
percentage. If he sells his article at 1/3 of his
actual selling price, then he incurs a loss of 1. A man purchased the articles for Rs. 123684.
40%. What is his actual profit percentage? He sold 60% of those at a profit of 16.66% and
A. 72% B. 120% rest at a loss. Find the loss percentage on the
C. 80% D. 60% remaining if the overall loss is 14%?
Answer: Option C A. 20% B. 30%
Solution: Go through the option: C. 60% D. 66.66%
100 (CP)== 80% ==> 180(SP) Answer: Option C
1/3 of SP = 180/3 = 60 Solution: He gets 14% of loss that means he gets
Loss = 40% = 100 -60 = 40 86% of CP.
Hence, option (3) is correct as it gives 40% loss Thus, Let the CP be Rs. 100.
on CP on reducing the price to 1/3 of CP. 60% of 100 + 16.66% of 60% of 100 X *40% of
100 = 86% of 100
69. Arun bought toffees at 6 for a rupee. How 70 + 40X = 86
many for a rupee he should sell to gain 20%? 40X = 86 - 70 =16
A. 2 B. 3 X = 16/40 = 0.4
C. 4 D. 5 Hence, Loss = 1 - 0.4 = 0.6 = 60%.
Answer: Option D
Solution: CP for one toffee = 100/6 2. A reduction of 20% in the price of sugar
SP will be 20% above the CP. enables a housewife to purchase 6 kg more for
So, Rs. 240. What is original price per kg of sugar.
SP for one toffee = (100/6) *1.2 = 100/5 = 20. A. Rs. 10 per Kg B. Rs. 8 per Kg
Thus, He should sell 5 toffee for Re. 1 (100 C. Rs. 6 per Kg D. Rs. 5 per Kg
paise). Answer: Option A
Solution: It is based on inverse proportion or
70. The cost price of 19 articles is same as the product constancy concept. Reduction in price
selling price of 29 articles. What is loss 20% amount of sugar will increase 25%.
percentage? It means, 25% = 6 Kg. So,
A. 52.3% Initially, total Sugar = 6*4 = 24Kg. Thus,
B. 35% Original price of the sugar was,
C. 34.48 240/24 = Rs. 10 per kg.
D. 30%
Answer: Option C Note:
Solution: Let CP of each article be Rs. 29 and Let initial price of 100 kg Sugar was Rs. 100.
SP of each article be Rs. 19. Now, 20% decrease in rate then rate of 100 kg
Loss Percentage = [(29x -19x) *100] /29x = sugar would be Rs. 80.
34.48%. So, Rs. 80 = 100 kg sugar.
Rs. 1 = 100/80 kg sugar.
Rs. 100 = (100 *100)/80 = 125 Kg sugar.
Increment in sugar = 25 kg.
% increment = (25*100)/100 = 25%.
Means 20% rate decrease, 25% of consumption
increase.

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3. A dishonest dealer purchases goods at 20%
discount of the cost price of Rs. X and also
cheats his wholesaler by getting 20% extra
through false weighing, per kg. Then he marks
up his goods by 80% of x, but he gives a
discount of 25% besides he cheats his customer
by weighing 10% less than the required. What is
his overall profit percentage?
A. 125% B. 100%
C. 98.66% D. 120%
E. None of these
Answer: Option A
Solution: Let actual cost price of an article be
Re 1 (in place of X). Now he purchases goods
worth Rs. 120 and pays Rs. 80, since 20%
discount is allowed.
So, the CP = 80/120 = 2/3
Again, MP, SP = 135 (since 25% discount)
Thus, the trader sells goods worth Rs. 90 instead
of 100g and charges Rs. 135. Therefore the
effective SP = 135/90 = 3/2
Profit (%) = [{(3/2) - (2/3)} /2/3] *100 = 125%.
4. Hotel Aditya has 10 single AC rooms, 5
double AC rooms and 18 non AC rooms. The
fixed monthly rent of hotel is 150,000. The per
day maintenance cost is Rs. 100 for double AC
room, Rs. 75 for single AC room and Rs. 40 for
non AC room. The per day charges are Rs. 600
for double AC room, Rs. 400 for single AC
room and Rs. 250 for non AC room. In April
2003, the occupancy rate of non A/C room was
50%, 70% of single AC room and 40% of
double AC rooms. Find the profit/loss % for that
particular month.
A. 10.33% (profit)
B. 10.33% (loss)
C. 5.67% (loss)
D. 5.67% (profit)
E. No profit, no loss
Answer: Option B
Solution: Maintenance
= Rs. (100 * 5* 30) + (75* 10* 30)
+ (40* 18* 30)
= 15,000 + 22,500 + 21,600 = Rs. 59,100
Total cost = 2,09,100
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Amount Received,
= (9* 250* 30) + (7* 400* 30) + (2* 600* 30)
= 67,500 + 84,000 + 36,000 = 1, 87, 500
Loss (%) = [(209100 - 187500) /209100 ]* 100
= ( 21600 /209100 ) * 100 = 10.33%.
5. A bookseller procures 40 books for Rs. 3200
and sells them at a profit equal to the selling
price of 8 books. What is the selling price of one
dozen books, if the price of each book is same?
A. Rs. 720 B. Rs. 960
C. Rs. 1200 D. Rs. 1440
Answer: Option C
Solution: Cost price of each book,
= 3200 /40 = Rs. 80.
Now,
Selling Price of 40 books = CP of 40 books +
SP of 8 books.
Selling Price of 40 books - SP of 8 books = CP
of 40 books.
SP of 32 books = Rs. 3200
SP of 1 book = 3200 /32 = Rs. 100.
So, Selling price of one dozen (12) book =
12*100 = Rs. 1200.
6. A style cloth emporium the shopkeeper
measures 20% less for every metre of cloth also
he marks-up goods by 20%. What is the profit
percentage?
A. 50% B. 65%
C. 75% D. 85%
Answer: Option A
Solution: Let CP = Rs. 100, then SP will be 120.
He gives cloth worth Rs. 80 instead of Rs. 100.
Hence, % Profit = [(120 - 80) /80] *100 = 50%.
7. A traders sells two acrticles, one at a loss of
10% and another at a profit of 15% but finally
there is no loss or gain. If the total sale price of
these two articles is Rs. 30,000, find the
difference between their cost prices:
A. Rs. 5000 B. Rs. 6000
C. Rs. 7500 D. Rs. 8500
Answer: Option B
Solution: 10% of X = 15 % of Y,
where X +Y = 30000
X /Y = 3k /2k
Hence, difference = k = Rs. 6000.
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8. The difference between a discount 40% on 11. A grocer professes to sell goods at the cost
Rs. 500 and two successive discounts of 30% price but uses false weights. He gains (100/9)%
and 10% the same amount is: in this manner. He uses a weight of
A. Rs. 20 B. Rs. 10 A. 950gms B. 900gms
C. Rs. 15 D. Rs. 0 C. 930gms D. 940gms
Answer: Option C Answer: Option B
Solution: 40% discount on 500 = (40*500)/100 Solution:
= Rs. 200. Gain%,
Two successive discount 30% and 10% on 500
=[(True Weight - False Weight)/ False
would be
Weight]*100
500 ===30% discount ==> Rs. 350.
350 ===10% discount = 315. 100/9 = [(1-x)/x]*100
Total discount in first case = Rs. 200 (1-x)/x = 1/9
Total discount in second case = 500 -315 = Rs. 10x = 9
185. x = 0.9kg = 900gms
So, difference = Rs. 15.
12. Find the difference of amount if 40%
9. A person having bought goods for Rs. 400 discount is given on Rs. 500 and two
sells half of it at a gain of 5%, at what gain % consecutive discounts 30% and 10% are given
must he sell the remainder so as to gain 20% on on the same amount.
the whole? A. Rs. 15 B. Rs. 0
A. 30% B. 32% C. Rs. 20 D. Rs. 10
C. 34% D. 35% Answer: Option A
Answer: Option D Solution: 40% discount on 500 = 200.
Solution: To gain 20% on whole he must sell all Two consecutive discount on 500:
good for, 500 == 30% down ==> 350 == 10% down
Rs. 400 + 20% of 400 = 480. ==>315.
As he get 5% gain on half of the goods i.e. Total discount = 175.
200 + 5% of 200 = 210.
So, difference = 200 - 175 = 15.
So required balance = 480 - 210 = 270.
He must gain Rs. 70 on rest Rs. 200.
% gain on remainder goods = (70*100)/200 = 13. A trader marks his goods 40% above cost
35%. price and allows a discount of 25%. The profit
he makes is:
10. Find the difference of amount if 40% A. 15% B. 10%
discount is given on Rs. 500 and two C. 5% D. 2%
consecutive discount 30% and 10% are given on Answer: Option C
the same amount. Solution: Let original CP = Rs. 100.
A. Rs. 15 B. Rs. 0 Then, the Marked Price
C. Rs. 20 D. Rs. 10 = 40% of 100 + 100 = 140.
Answer: Option A SP = 140 - 25% of 140 = 105.
Solution: 40% discount on 500 %Profit = (5*100)/100 = 5%.
= (40 *500)/100 = Rs. 200.
Two successive discount on 500 Net Graphic Change Method:
= 30% of 500 + 10% of (500 - 30% of 500) 100 == 40% UP ==> 140 == 25% discount ==>
= 150 + 10% of 350= 150 + 35 = Rs. 185 105. So, % Profit = 5%.
Difference in Discount = 200 - 185 = Rs. 15

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14. With a 5% discount on the cost of sugar a
buyer could purchase 2 kg more sugar for Rs. 12 was rotten so he threw away.
608. Selling Price of Sugar is:
A. Rs. 15.20 B. Rs. 15 Total SP = 100 + 84 = Rs. 184.
C. Rs. 16.50 D. Rs. 2 Profit = 184 - 100 = 84.
Answer: Option A %Profit = 84%.
Solution: Let Initial Price of sugar was X.
After Discount of 5%, the price of the sugar 16. The marked price of an item is twice the cost
become, price, discount 20% of market price and profit is
= X - 5% of X . 10% of selling price. Find profit percentage to
= X - (5X/100). cost
= (100X - 5X)/100. A. 100/9% B. 100/11%
= 95X/100. C. 11% D. 8%
Amount of sugar now, buyer gets in Rs.608, Answer: Option A
= 608/(95X/100). Solution: Given,
= (608 *100)/95. MP = Rs. 200.
Amount of sugar he gets before the discount, Discount = 20%.
= 608/X. Profit = Rs. 16.
Now, According to question, SP = 200 - 20% of 200 = 200 - 40 = Rs. 160.
608/(95X/100) - 608/X = 2. CP = SP - profit = 160 - 16 = Rs.144.
On Solving, % profit = (16 *100)/144 = 11.11 % = 100/9%
X = Rs. 16.
After discount price become = 16 - 5% of 16. 17. The marked price of an item is twice the cost
= Rs. 15.20. price. For a gain of 15%, the discount should be:
A. 7.5% B. 20.5%
15. A fruit seller buys some oranges and by C. 32.5% D. 42.5%
selling 40% of them he realizes the cost price of Answer: Option D
all the oranges. As the oranges being to grow Solution: Let CP = Rs. 100.
over-ripe, he reduces the price and sells 80% of MP = Rs. 200.
the remaining oranges at half the previous rate Gain = 15%.
of profit. The rest of the oranges being rotten are SP = 100 + 15% of 100 = Rs. 115.
thrown away. The overall percentage of profit Discount = 200 - 115 = 85.
is: % Discount = (85 *100)/200 = 42.5%.
A. 80 B. 84
C. 94 D. 96 18. The marked price of an item is twice the cost
Answer: Option B price. For a gain of 15%, the discount should be:
Solution: Let fruit seller buys 100 oranges for A. 7.5% B. 20.5%
Rs. 100. C. 32.5% D. 42.5%
On selling of 40% of the oranges he realizes his Answer: Option D
cost price i.e. He sells 40 oranges for Rs. 100. Solution: Let CP = Rs. 100. MP = Rs. 200. Gain
Profit on 40 Oranges = 100 - 40 = Rs. 60. = 15%. SP = 100 + 15% of 100 = Rs. 115.
% profit on 40 oranges = (60 *100)/40 = 150%. Discount = 200 - 115 = 85.
Now, he sells 80% of 60 oranges on half of the
previous profit i.e. 48 oranges, he sells at 75% % Discount = (85 *100)/200 = 42.5%.
of profit.
So, SP of 48 oranges = 48 + 75% of 48 = 84.

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19. A man sold his watch at a loss of 5%. Had Answer: Option C
he sold it for Rs. 56.25 more, he would have Solution: Let X be the cost of horse and Y be
gained 10%. What is the cost price of the watch the cost of the cart.
(in Rs.)? 10% of loss in selling horse = 20% of gain in
A. 365 selling the cart.
B. 370 Therefore, (10/100)*X = (20*100)*Y
C. 375 Or, X = 2y --------------(1)
D. 390 5% of loss in selling horse is 10 more than the
Answer: Option C 5% gain in selling the cart.
Solution: He sold his watch at loss of 5%. If he Therefore, (5/100) *X – 10 = (5/100) *Y
sells his watch for Rs. 56.25 more, he would => 5X – 1000 = 5Y
gain 10%. It means that Using equation (1),
15% = Rs. 56.25. => 10Y – 1000 = 5Y
So, => 5Y = 1000
1% = 56.25/15. => Y =200.
100% = (56.25 *100)/15 = Rs. 375. => X = 400.
Therefore, the cost price of the watch is Rs. 375. CP of Horse = Rs. 400.
CP of the Cart = Rs. 200.
20. A total profit of Rs. 3,600 is to be distributed
amongst A, B and C such that A : B = 5 : 4 and 22. Raghuvir purchased 10 calculators and 16
B : C = 8 : 9. The share of C in the profit is: watches for Rs. 56100 and sold them so as to
A. Rs. 1,200 B. Rs. 1,500 earn an overall profit of 20%. At what total
C. Rs. 1,650 D. Rs. 1,700 price should he sell 15 calculators and 24
Answer: Option A watches together so as to earn the same
Solution: A Total Profit = Rs. 3600. percentage profit?
Profit ratio, . A. Rs. 100980
A : B = 5 : 4. B. Rs. 116176
B : C = 8 : 9. C. Rs. 121176
As B is common in both ratio, we make B equal D. Rs. 100660
in both ratio by multiplying One B in another. E. Rs. 124132
A : B = 5 : 4*8. Answer: Option A
B : C = 8*4 :9. Solution: Calculators = 10.
So, ratio of . Watches = 16.
A : B : C = 40 : 32 : 36 = 10 : 8 : 9. Total Item = 10 +16 = 26.
Now, . Total Cost price = Rs. 56,100.
C shares in profit = (3600 * 9)/27 = Rs. 1200. Average price of Each item. 56100/26 = Rs.
2157.69.
21. A man bought a horse and a cart. If he sold Second Time total item = 15 + 24 = 39.
the horse at 10 % loss and the cart at 20 % gain, So, Total cost price of 39 items = 2157.69 *39 =
he would not lose anything; but if he sold the 84,150
horse at 5% loss and the cart at 5% gain, he thus,
would lose Rs. 10 in the bargain. The amount the selling price of 39 items with 20% profit
paid by him was Rs._______ for the horse and = 84,150 + 20% of 84,150
Rs.________ for the cart. = Rs. 84,150 + 16,830
A. 500, 300 B. 200, 400 = Rs. 100,980.
C. 400, 200 D. 300, 500

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23. Alfred buys an old scooter for Rs. 4700 and 26. In a certain store, the profit is 320% of the
spends Rs. 800 on its repairs. If he sells the cost. If the cost increases by 25% but the selling
scooter for Rs. 5800, his gain percent is: price remains constant, approximately what
A. 4 4/7% percentage of the selling price is the profit?
B. 5 5/11% A. 30%
C. 10% B. 70%
D. 12% C. 100%
Answer: Option B D. 250%
Solution: Cost Price (C.P.) = Rs. (4700 + 800) = Answer: Option B
Rs. 5500. Solution:
Selling Price (S.P.) = Rs. 5800. Let C.P.= Rs. 100.
Gain = (S.P.) - (C.P.) = Rs.(5800 - 5500) = Rs. Then, Profit = Rs. 320,
300. S.P. = Rs. 420.
New C.P. = 125% of Rs. 100 = Rs. 125
New S.P. = Rs. 420.
Profit = Rs. (420 - 125) = Rs. 295.
24. The cost price of 20 articles is the same as
the selling price of x articles. If the profit is ∴ Required percentage
25%, then the value of x is:
A. 15 B. 16
C. 18 D. 25
Answer: Option B = 70% (approximately).
Solution: Let C.P. of each article be Re. 1 C.P.
of x articles = Rs. x. 27. A vendor bought toffees at 6 for a rupee.
S.P. of x articles = Rs. 20. How many for a rupee must he sell to gain
Profit = Rs. (20 - x). 20%?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
Answer: Option C
Solution:

25. If selling price is doubled, the profit triples.

Find the profit percent.
A. 66 2/3 B. 100
C. 105 1/3 D. 120
Answer: Option B
Solution: Let C.P. be Rs. x and S.P. be Rs. y.
Then, 3(y - x) = (2y - x) ⇒ y = 2x.
Profit = Rs. (y - x) = Rs. (2x - x) = Rs. x.

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28. The percentage profit earned by selling an 31. Sam purchased 20 dozens of toys at the rate
article for Rs. 1920 is equal to the percentage of Rs. 375 per dozen. He sold each one of them
loss incurred by selling the same article for Rs. at the rate of Rs. 33. What was his percentage
1280. At what price should the article be sold to profit?
make 25% profit? A. 3.5 B. 4.5
A. Rs. 2000 B. Rs. 2200 C. 5.6 D. 6.5
C. Rs. 2400 D. Data inadequate Answer: Option C
Answer: Option A Solution: Cost Price of 1 toy
Solution:

Selling Price of 1 toy = Rs. 33

So, Gain = Rs. (33 - 31.25) = Rs. 1.75
∴ Profit %

32. Some articles were bought at 6 articles for

Rs. 5 and sold at 5 articles for Rs. 6. Gain
∴ Required S.P. = 125% of Rs. 1600 percent is:
A. 30% B. 33 1/3
C. 35% D. 44%
Answer: Option D
29. A shopkeeper expects a gain of 22.5% on his Solution:
cost price. If in a week, his sale was of Rs. 392, Suppose, number of articles bought = L.C.M. of
what was his profit? 6 and 5 = 30.
A. Rs. 18.20
B. Rs. 70
C. Rs. 72
D. Rs. 88.25
Answer: Option C
Solution:

33. On selling 17 balls at Rs. 720, there is a loss

equal to the cost price of 5 balls. The cost price
of a ball is:
30. A man buys a cycle for Rs. 1400 and sells it A. Rs. 45 B. Rs. 50
at a loss of 15%. What is the selling price of the C. Rs. 55 D. Rs. 60
cycle? E. None of these
A. Rs. 1090 B. Rs. 1160 Answer: Option D
C. Rs. 1190 D. Rs. 1202 Solution: (C.P. of 17 balls) - (S.P. of 17 balls) =
Answer: Option C (C.P. of 5 balls)
Solution: S.P. = 85% of Rs. 1400 ⇒ C.P. of 12 balls = S.P. of 17 balls = Rs.720.

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34. When a plot is sold for Rs. 18,700, the Solution: C.P. of 1st transistor
owner loses 15%. At what price must that plot
be sold in order to gain 15%?
A. Rs. 21,000
B. Rs. 22,500
C.P. of 2nd transistor
C. Rs. 25,300
D. Rs. 25,800
E. None of these
Answer: Option C
So, total C.P. = Rs. (700 + 1000) = Rs. 1700.
Solution:
Total S.P. = Rs. (840 + 960) = Rs. 1800.

37. A trader mixes 26 kg of rice at Rs. 20 per kg

with 30 kg of rice of other variety at Rs. 36 per
kg and sells the mixture at Rs. 30 per kg. His
35. 100 oranges are bought at the rate of Rs. 350 profit percent is:
and sold at the rate of Rs. 48 per dozen. The A. No profit, no loss B. 5%
percentage of profit or loss is: C. 8% D. 10%
A. 14 2/7% gain E. None of these
B. 15% gain Answer: Option B
C. 14 2/7% loss Solution: C.P. of 56 kg rice = Rs. (26 x 20 + 30
D. 15 % loss x 36) = Rs. (520 + 1080) = Rs. 1600.
E. None of these S.P. of 56 kg rice = Rs. (56 x 30) = Rs. 1680.
Answer: Option A
Solution:

36. A shopkeeper sells one transistor for Rs. 840

at a gain of 20% and another for Rs. 960 at a
loss of 4%. His total gain or loss percent is:
A. 5 15/17% loss
B. 5 15/17% gain
C. 6 2/3% gain
D. None of these
Answer: Option B

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