••*II&

7~ ~s -:~!i·
~----------~--~'

tt:r.t~*i7'1'7''~-

LIJCilJII t'~IB5¥Z•
 r _AI~~~J rtm:tiit~iW J r"T-1 - 77 - = /?"J C:l-1-::>t<:~~t.J~J\.:;('J-~0)

<:: t <:I- "T -1 7t.fWNbitT\-13;9o ?tE3~~ 2"ntdi~@~~O)~•-c·:t,

2030 ~ 1<::: 8:;$:0)AII. / :;/::::.. 71i~~~t::X1 G T 1275 Al'~ 9 ~ t 2"1'1* Gteo
~ftO)ffithli* 2" G <, AI~~~t.f:W:F9 C: G t~t.,~~ < 0).;\~ lt::X1GT 'b~lm~
~0);3m t.f~ 3:1< uT\,1~ e: ~,,;z *9 o

~~-~~- 2"*~*~-~~R.If.I7D?"7~/?"7~77~~7D772
>:7.t.fi.B, ~ C: G~l-1tm{tt1~~ -tt- t:'.At.J'Wl'B<.GT2'3;Gt<:o W:F,~~td:< t'b
7 - ~t.f.lf.IBG ~ns~~.lf.l 9n~ OO~GSO)M·~~~~C:ij~2'3;9o
u f.J' G·t~~~7 JL-:::J' 1) /(bO)$~{PJt.J'~1'b:h T \,\~ O)f.J'f.J{;t:Jf.J' S td: \,\0) It:,
~O)~-~ ~~~ .A~~O)~-~-~~--~mM uT~Jf.l9~~t~~M~
diS~ t ~bc!E ~ ~f~*it!vo -111\}:ftjt~ IT I . / ~ = 7 1) Y7ti, :fJJ'L':tff.J'S_t~

:tf* ~0) L.-«-J L- ~~H9 ~ J: -5, Web ~c$~WF~ ~~t: J: ~ 2" * ~ * tJ~~~tJ'
.lf.IB2" n T \,1*9 o G iJ' G~~~~~O) ~f~ t;:<t;J \,IT ti. Web ~c$ !t:~JH!IUJ J:
?It: rg- <· wc61J ~J ~ t 1<:::~2' t.f~t., l T \.I~ EIJ~~~~t * 9 o ~0),3\fvi.B,.tJ
IDt~*~'b~\.\T G *-:>TI-,~ 5'-::t-.A 1--tJ'~<, tm~~~ O)flU~t.f~fiit-9~tt:
~~.:tO)Ii1-'~l.t\C: \.l;t3;9o t O) - /J~. W:F9!Hi-~lt:M-:> td~~tJ'~ <,

~ n f.J' ~ AII. / ~= 7 ~ El m9 A It: t -::> T ~ 9 t!f-@ J \ - ~ J[., t t~ -::> T G * -::>

""f \,l*go
:$:C ti, ~ n ~ O)Fs91t:ili5~51*~J:!11.>~ J: -5 t~~~~~11'-:> T \.1*9 o tO)tc61J,
-~l'O)mEfl lt:f~fi!J I_., bf.J' IJ ~92" t.f'!f!~lt: I_., td~IDtli1'T-:> T \,I *it lvo AII.
/ ~::::.. 7 t I_., T~~ I_., T<I'31.J't~ < T litd: St~\,1 ~ t ~- {?JJ~C: i§Jt&l'IJi#Wf2'

~~. ~-~~m~~ij~T·2'*Gko:$:~~~GT·lm~~0)0082"C:~

~tilt:~hT I- Itctc2', -A ~.:t~< 0)/Jit:, .{tt"l~RO)i!t:W-"'-C:~~~#/\

n T\.\tctc It-@ ~ t t.fM1~ G T \.I *9o

003
 § ~X Co nt en t s

AI~~~(!)
~fil~~
.A.Im~clct: · · · ·-- ....................... ·- ..... . .......................... .................... 012
0
016

······················ ........ .. ... ...... . 020

....................................... 024

...,._
tl~~~(/)
-~~~
0!" ~giliil5 ~ J ~~(]) G < ~ ............................-.................................... ·· .......................... o3o
0 ~gilitJ:G~~(])G<~ ············ ............... .... · -··· ... . ...................... 034

0.. ~9Ht~~(]) G <~ . . .. . ........·. ...... . . . . . . . . . . ....... ................... 038

o *ftgfc~~~~(])Jit-' ............................................. .......................................................... 040

on ~~~~ c !f-¥~:!1 . . ....... ..... . .. ......... ...... .. 044

13
' """'t'~~ - :+:t'~~ ........ .. ............................ 048
11 1'<7JE, O:.JJj;J'' o-:r- d-..IJ%J'

1i 1i~~~(])5i5Jf.J~~J . . . . .... .. ...... .......................... ·····•·················· 052

004
 ~~~~0)
:to1!~c::J7tif,fiJ
...... 058

T-'- '9 (])@~ ·-- ·······-···············-······-·············-·············-····· ................................ ____ . 062

1 . .. .. .. .............. ............. ... .. . 066

.......... .............. ... . 070

.. ... ·················· .. . .. 074

!:F~na~l;:~cr -Q~'Iffii~~ ....................................................... - ............ ... . o8o

J\1 ;\- J\7 )1. -'9 c~T-'J~O)=J- ~ -=/?" . ... ... . - -... .......... o86

1m~!:F ~ ........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................... .. . ...................... ............ 090

1§~clt9~ . . . . . . . ----····----------· ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . ................. .. ..... .... o94

/-'(-~/~'-:;?)~-/ ····· . ....................... .............. .. .......... ....................................... ...................... .. 098

005
 ~~~~(})
7 Jl, ::r IJ ~'A
2 !QJ~m~~JT · ·· ······ · ············· · ···· · · ·· ··· · · · · ·· ········· ·· .... 102

2 -tt!F- l--1'\?9 -?~:/ 108

. ...... 112

26 7:/-tt://'J l/~~ ················· ············· 116

27 7 :/if ://'Jl/~~~O)Jitiffl ......... ..... ........ ...... 120

2 D ~:A7-i'Y'?@~m · ·························· .............. 124

... ........................... 126

. 130

3 kili1~ (k-NN) ~*C: k :qz~ (k-means) )* ... ... ......................................... 134

;,XJ"Cj1jlj;J5Xc.±IJX~~~JT ..... . 138

3
3 142

006
 13~ Con t ents

7'-1-77-=/.?'(J)
~~~~
34 =.2 - 7 J~.:?, '/ ~ r;-? c.z-0)~3t:. .... . .. ............................................ 148

................................................ ....... 156

3
............................... .. 160
3

,. =
~

7'-1-7?-=/?'(J)
7ot!:Ac::J7~f;fij

38 =~-? J~-1','/ ~r"J-?O)ftJ001t; ..................... . ............................ ·· ·················· 168

..... 172

411 ij!ii~~*~ . . . . . . . . · · · ····· ······ . ............. ...... . . . .................... .. .. .... . .. . 174

007
 7'1' -77-=/?'(J)
7 )1, ::r IJ :A' A
4 ~h.i6{}J.=:J.-7J~.::f:.'Y 1--SJ-? (CNN) .................................... 180

4 M~ffi~=:J. -7)~;?.-y 1--IJ-? (RNN) · ·· · ·· · ··· · · ························ · ········· 184

....... .................. ........................... 190

:;t- 1--I/::J-'9" ................ .................................. .. . ...... ........... 196

GAN (m~!¥9~P.X.:?, 'Y 1-- ? - ? ) ............... . ....... ............. . ........... 200

!t@1*~:±l .... .. .... . . . .. ...... . . . . ········ · · · · ·· · ········· · · ·· . ·························· 204

008
 §! ;}( Cont ents

8
~AT Aim~~
~m~~m
' A.Im~g/ o?'7~/?"l::s lt~:±~ ;;~8 ....... ... ............................. 21 0

. .. ··················· ······ ..... . " 21 4

'
' 7'1' - / 7-=/?"(/)"7 1...--.b.r"J- ? ...... . . ..................... . .. . . ................ . ....... . . . 218

5 GPU/o?'7 ~/?" c~~1t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... .. .... .,. _ .... 224

5 ~~~ ~ +j"- I::::' A. ................................................................................................. · ··································· ........... 226

<t:> t> ~) I;: ............. ....... ................................................. ................. .._.......... ........................... ··· · · ...........··· · 229

~~::SZ:Wix · · · . ... ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................... ............... .... .. ........................... 230

msl . ..·· · · ·· · ··········· .... ... .... . . ... . . . .. . . . ........ . . .. ....... .... . . ......... .... .. . . .......... .. 234
~tt*Bfl . ... ... .... .... ................. . . . ... . .... .................................................... .. ................... 238

009
 • SI>J!f
$:·~~~2"tt.t.:P<!!IJI1, ~*OJw.itOJJ:I.'§: §~C. VH1iJ;.9, l..tdJ'-:> c, ;j..~'.i:Jf.ll.'td!.l'lll1, ~~9;10:;g:jf
E'l~ OJ:IIl\:fc'f'IJif!ii<::J: ""c11-::>-r <tc2""'· c::tt. !:>OJ1JI!!!OJ~J'IJOJI'aolll:l<::-=>l.'-c 11ilru~5iiUsJ:U''i~l<t, ''
fJ'fJ:~J!l:ifio f>. \,\ *tr lv.
3'-tc, $:yi<::;G~2"tt.t.:1!!~11, !MI<::If!i'JOJIJ:I.Ij!Jt), 2019~7!'l-f<8ijli'£""C'OJiJ'*i!~:it i;:L.,n'a;~. i1JfD:
~~StJ:<-~att.~~8~M'Ja:.~
J;{_tO))!~·Jj'j~ <:jjl(~l.,t.;tcLit.;J:-(\ ..$:W-i 2Jfilli]P.li.';J;1f", L:.tl.60Jiilt:$J)l~<IO~J:I.Hl1J'"1'1<: sfl!]Lif7
t>tt:mLi ct, tzmWiff.itHoJ: U'.tf%'1<1:t-Ji'l! i_, fJ't.l.*9· M5fJ' t..:ltl<:~i;Odi:l~ <tc~ ''·

• ih'itJ, ~ij\ii~H~I<::-:>I.Ic
$:*91<::ie!!c!tt.cL'~~1J:~, B!!f*-1,, ~£~, '7- t:'.A:&f.Hc l<l., -ttt.-t.'tt.OJ~ll · B!lf*OJi!JiiJt fl'ij\i!lJ
a i!li~~""C'9.tJ:a *X~~~~ - ~- *~-~~~~t_,-r&'J*tt~

010
 1 !i!

~~~~~~~-~5- = ~~~.Aimn~
~~~tt~~(~~~~~~~~ o ~~~~.

iifi.i~~I!~~ ~ 1;:1~. *""§''Aimfigl;:-::>t,,-ci:!

~~~m~~~<~~~~~*~o~~~~~
•~~.Aimn~m~~~~~~~.~~~
~~~~-~5-=~7~£~~3~&~~~
m~n~tt'~~tJ,~m~~~~. ~~~~~~
l,)~* ~ J:; 3o
 AI~fi~ t I. 1 ? ~-iJf~JJIIf.>T:ft:lli (.., f.:(J)t;t., 1956~':11't>h f.:~- 1- -v .A~~l'9 o
~(])~~""('~, ~~~~-9~~~~m~M~~!~~~IIf.>~~#2t>!h*G~o
-t- n fJ> €> =F"f!t~J;.{ ....t tJr*lif& (.., f.:.JJ!t£, AI~Ii~t;t. c·? :iEfii! tl. "(I. 1 ~ (])'"[-· (.., .1: ? fl'o

.A.I~Oii~ (Artificial Intelligence) O))E~Ict, fJ'fvtcfv <:'l<t(ii) IJ a::ttfvo

J
a:; 9 r AIJ t \..'? ~ ~fJ' S ,ct, Ardl t~~:a=:5:J'tt ~~~1!HctfoJ<:'(il) ~ 0) fJ',
t \,\? r.,%\fJ~1:* tL*9 o *. tc rmflliJ t \,\?~~~<::let, foJ~ B? Tmfjg t \,\
7...:Q O)tJ', c.~,'.:, r.,~~, ':a=::t9:t1tJ''t :Q c:: t tJ~-zo ~ :Q -z: ~ J: .:, 0 c:: n s 2-:) O)r.,~ ~,'
lt::%1= 7... snt~ ttn l;t,· AI;;o~gO))E~Ict-c ~ t~ ~, \O)-z'9 o

~~- m-~'Rl' 5~~~ ~ T \.. '~~lfJZ~""Z' ~ 7... ~ *. 2· * t~:;rg: 7... :a=: :±l ~ T <fS IJ, ~
i*ffHt:: lct:JE *.? T \,\;TJ: \.. \O)fjq~t;*;:""Z'9 o

~O)k~, **~~r.A.~t ~~~?~~~~~~fi?~t0~~~~m•

WMJt:JEftM~k?7...-c, ffl~~~?T~O)-~ ~*.~a:::Td:mm:a=:~fv""Z'
\,\ <0) fj{ J:: \,\ <:' ~ J: ? 0

Ac~~(J)ii:l. 'lc!:iiiJ1.J' ? mii~cl<l:iiiJ1.J'?

~$(:~~(J)).I\,1(cj:jiiJ1.J'? iiiJ~B?"'C%J/i~C\..I ;{_.Q(J)1.J'?

012
 1
.Aimti~O):ii::ft(cJ:I!I~--c'97A \.,\ <-:Jt.J'(c:7:J'~9 ~ z: e: lcJ:PJti~--c'9 0

..Y0)-3'b0) 1-::>(cl:, f§'~:tfO)Si:::~ '/ · "!f-Ji_,I<:J:~ r~!iL'AI~ImJ C: r~

L'.A.I~~ J C: 1.. \-3 :S:Hl~-c, .A im1J~O)~mBkJV\1t\H<:~ El u""t 1.. ' * 9 o

Sll.. 'Aimtlli C: (cl:, mti~..YO):t 0) ~~f1.&9 ~;: C: -c, .AF"'9 C: li'iJ G J: -3 tJ:~m
B{J~~~f~? td~til£0);: C: --c'9 0 ~ 7 X. :t lv~~IJ)ij? f--1:.. C: \., \? tc. y '/ ti11=66

0)~ 1' 7? ~ - ~,'!!,1., \;$fJv'\.~ C: btl' f) ~91..\ --c' u d:: -3 o J.I{iJJB{Jfd:~HU~J:J (;:
J: :> -r #itii£t.J{ A F"'91!: ~X. T u * -3 , 1.. \ b r;b ~ r :Y '/ ::F :z. 7 1
) 7 1 J ~ :t tc. S9
C:§ph,""(I.,\~O)t,, Ssi..\.;\.Ij;01l~\:9o

- :/] 0) ~~ 1.. \_Aij;Oti~ C: (cJ:, .Ars9 0) C mll~ 1<:~-::5 <) f'Jt!J ~f~fD.l(9 ~ L. C: \:,
A~0)~1:J0) -$1i: fte-c~~•~O)L.C:--r9o <:'bS~, ~-~~~o~m
9 :::J '/ r::.' :z. - ~ O)ia:t.J', O)'b 1c:~ u <~lv --c~.-, <rrru1~~~~td:c ~1':;.. - Si9 ~
e: bt.J' fJ ~91., \ --c u J::? 0 ;: ns O).Aim1l~lc~:mr-H<=t~N~3!lb -r ~.- \~ J: ?I<=~
X-*9t.J\ .Aim~Eif*t.J<EI c O)tHEI<:-:JI..\Tfp] SfJ'O)&~m~~:> -r 1.,\~:f::J~t
""C'IcJ:it5 f) *itfvo

~O):fftEC::IJ.····· ·

W<l)IJi:!t.t
::J / ~ .::1. - 9 1 <::
lli:!~:t~

ArdJ<7)~1J <7)-$'(t
::J / l::".::l.-9 1<::
!li:!~:t~

013
 2 -:J 13 (;:1:, r ~.R.m A.I~fi~J <:: r~itm!A.I~fi~J <:: \..'? ~:1'~~-c, <:. tz,(;:l::tJ"~
cfci:.Q:5:)'t] (<: ~I3[..,T\,\a;:9o

*~ ~mAim•~~w~w~o~~ctci:.Q:5:tB~$<, ~~~~~-~
2" n T \. \tJ:\, \![7d5L"C :t:t-J~-c ~ a::9 o <:. tl,(<: ~ [.., T¥-i1~lliiAI~D1J§~cl: , ~lUE:BkJ

tJ:!l*55L · § BkJ (<:dB\,\ T WJ7.~a'9fJ:~.Q-\, \ ~ 5! -tt .Q 'b W""('9 o

lJH±~l_iil_, T \,\.QAimfl§(;:l:, ia:I£9«TtJ~¥-}~0 7 7-.? WJl.i<:~f~ [.., Tl-\

.Qtc.IJI), ~f~~AI~fj§cl-\~.Q""('[.., J:. ?o i Robot ti0Jl-/J\tJ:c~cl:, m~(<:
Mf~t_,k~~~Aimfl§w~eM""('9o~~-~~ ~-ctd:< , M~ :t~RT:t
-c~ .Q J: -=s td:""-JL-J\- c u--c woJK ';J r- tJ{00~2"nn(t, ~mAim1l§1<=:5:t~

2"na::9o
~@JW:5:t~JHcl:, mM~W.:t W""Cicl:tJ: < ~~<:: tJ: .Q-5:1'-til<= ~§ [.., T \. \.@,9-c rSSi
l- 'Aij;D1J§C: ~~ \. \AI 1D1J§J 0:5:1'~ c lcl:~tJ: 0 a:: 9 o tc.tC.t_,, -5:1'-~l:W*a* 131;.V
(;:1: Ia: ~£~ b S tJ: \, \ <:: ~ ~ T J: \,' ""C [.., J:. ? o

~ -~ ~-...... ..
A- •• .... ._____ .._._.,_
. • ~-~~t.tff?.:. t: 1.1~'-c't! Q • (t.:t:;ttct'> c-~Q(7)fcimllairoh ..
J -. fflj~I:;S~''LI;l:DbH'l.b.A,-c<· i;J: ' :; __, ::::J :..- t:..-t- 1:51? 1J'1J'?'LL.
' ~\(j;j':~\ 'E,O)~)Jlflt"Liii!*T:'~ ' , *'5~J:c,~J:En0)1imli ::I&.X1
' ~t.d:,~J:E9j.O);f;1/,\!l:tX;J,;t '
~ \:'~~ ,,
•

014
 3-:J §H;:t r.A.I~~O)~JJU.Itl!i J (C::: ~Eiu tc)J'·~-z:'9o =t ?C:=t {!£\,\~~~~""Z"Cf.>

.Q [.., ""Ji-1 ,;:!:, *~tJ:/aiJ1ft!J7D?'7 bO) L: C: l", 151J1ft!JI~~ ~ .A 7 bi~C: II¥

'tn~iJHI1lJ~, ~~ fd: c 0)'<'-77-t' :.; -:70) tc~ 'c::: A.Imtre e: 11¥/u -z"\, \.Q t<::~

~* tt luo L- ""J'- 2 1;:1:, ti' ~(t-]tJ: A.Im1i~""Z"9 o J\:t.J C: t±l :t.J 0);\\§.Jf.g-.bttO)~
tJ" ~ \,\ tc ~, L-«JL-1 J: '? =t :fi~tJ:rp,\,\(c:::'i§;t t::> n * 9tJ\ m~~O)~i\\§.017-0) );.

I<: if.>~ F"~ \, ' tc:: t;:t1§: ;z s n * tt luo

L- ""J'- 3 tJ\ .:f:Jc:: /.f:i!i""Z" :tt& ?ttMJJt~ f§!~~ fJ J\ntcA.Im 1i~""Z"9 o ~~ I
:.; :J:.;tJ: c tc:::£eb n T ~ fJ, 7 - ?.7 ~ =t C: tc:::, Jl-- JL-t->m~~ §J S~f§l GT \,\
< ,9;tJ~~~""Z"9 -T u -z:- L-"" J'- 4 ,;:~:, .:E'c:: -T.., -77 -= :.;~t~~ fJ A.nt.:A.
0

ImM""Z"9o M-~ B""Z"~~m, 7- ?70)~~~J:<* 9rM~~J O)Wtf:l~

):t: ~ !W =t? T *.El.#~t!B,~ tJ"Cf.> f) *9tJ\ 'T-t' -77-=>:/'c·,;:!:'T-?.7 ~~

#~t~~""Z"MW~ O) ~ tf:l Eft?T <tL* 9oMM*B~'T-t' - 77-=:.;7
IC:::-:J\,\T,;:I:, f~0)~- :1-z"~u < M-mu *9o

J~;(J~'P~ilMrNl< /D~7.L.'P~r!Ji/D~7.L."'~' .A}J- tf:ljJ

(})~st;t/)Ji;~~hT~I.Q

015
 r

02
~~~~t~AI·~~~D~1? ~.AA·~~?AA·~~~~~~ - ~#*~~ ff
? t.::d.>~JI~i**~~lii G ::l:9o lil~f.d!1:£1~1i' x'1'• .A:t.J ~ n t.:T' - ~ ~-t t 1: ~
fi!~-=fil!IJ G t.: ~J §~11: G t.: ~) "(·~ .Q t.:d.>. ~ ::l: ~·;:t: f.t~ff"(·}~Jti ~ n "'(l. '::l:9 o

~y~~-7~~~-~~---~~~~k~~~. ~~ ~5 ~-~~~t
l<:t~~~-VUcf~ \,\;/],~)1\:~ ~~'~;/J{;J5 ~ a::9 o L. ~ ¥~~ L. t ~. 1>17 ; t - ~

t \,1\,1a:;9 o tc t ;tt<J:.A.Fa,~@i{~1!:~ T. T-1Jttl':*:A1J'1i--'FU!!'tf9 ~AI~#M~

il5 ~. g,y-ftt<:~-:) TT-1~tJ,:*:A1l'1£--'f1Jf¥JTG T\,'~ t G a::9 o L. ~ t ~. ~-ft;/J{

J\-5 )< - 5 t<:il5tc ~ *9 0 ~~~~li • .A.l:J 2' ntc-T-5 ~ ~ t tc:. ~-:) t ~

.iE G \, \W~-\,\{£-9 ~J\-5 .><-5 ~ §ltJI¥JI<=*J:E (~~) -c~ ~tc~ • .AI~

tm~~~t.J::¥ e:~sn T\,'*9o

tt\H~~'il1~M"t;:t , -T-5 ~A~~9 ~~~c~~tJ{:E)Ati:GtctJ{. L.h ~:t;:t*
~~7-5~~GT5;t~ili~a::tt~-r::Gk o G~ Gili~. --~~~~~~
~ ~- t:. ·:; 7·7- ~ t!IPttn~:*:~~-T - 5tJ{1~~.::z r--cA.=¥- · ~~-z:~ ~~
5~~-:)kL.t-z:'~~~~b~a::Gko ~~77 - 5~~-:)T.ff&~~<~

~G. *~~-T-5 t<::X1G T~5X.~ili9 L. t1J{P}~gt;:~-:) T\,'*9 o t (;J:\,\

;{.l~tE-c~.~~~~~L:~'91:::•:; 1f-T-7 ~Ff.l\,\~ t \,\5 b~J-<:'IiiJ5 ~ a:;~~o

113~i:!~~ c. 1 ~ - ~;a: imi 9 ~~~~

Ji;i:~ ~a

A 100 0
7-'9-tN~\, \(J)C::
1131C!~~
B 90 0 :f~c:-9
c
0
E
80
70
85
0
X

?
/ ~~~~ 0 C::9
E(J)ts'~ld:?

016
 ,-·
mH~~~c-lcJ:, :::J::,; r:.' .:1. -5tfJ\1Jr'-5 :a:;;;t't~ 0, ~~~:r· ;t,:a:{~? -r
~t~*5~t,t te 1:J G a::9 o ~9-t:-T'JI-c lcJ:, <15~7'-5 :a: J\1J9 ~ t, ct I? ~t}J
td:~l!!.5_R:}EO)tc~0)7'- 5 :a:tefJ G -r <n~, t, \PiiAii01i~O)ft\i40);:: c C'9 o

:liH7.J!<::1'J-3 O)icJ:, Mm~ n~ tl::lfJT' - 5 C5-"'Jk ~)(giji{~~) t ~~ ~7' Jt,

1J<~t~Gtdl!l*:a:.l:t~G, ~~~T'Jt,t,E{~lE9~1'F*C'9o {i~.!Et,E < I?J!&Gtc
OY5 it:, m:~ff.JtJ:~~~7'Jt,:a:f*ff:9 ~ c, ~~0)9/1JlH:I:~~tc;:: t i<::tJ: IJ a:;
9o tJ:c!B, ~~~7'J[,(cJ:, ~~;: r~7'J[, J t:t!l¥iina::9o
~~:a:•a:: ~-r, ~-~ -~O)~M t,tff ?T~a::G ~-3 offlB9~0)~, *
itO)~ •~•~ co.-.....g) O)@J~-T-5c- 9 o c: O)@J~-T- 5 lcJ:, ITID®<c -t-O)@J
~1J~*9•'=F ClEM) 1Jtiz'Y f-l<:tci:?T\,\*90 C:;fl t; t,t~~~7'J[,(;:}\)J9

~t, ~W~C'kS~td:~~ili1J~na::9oOO)~· ~ ft'=FO)@J.:a:J\1JGT

:t, tl::l1:J~1~td:~~:tGna::tt~o C:O)C' kS~td: tl::lfJ~ c.lE~O)•'=F:a:~

~G, ~~ ~ 7'Jt,:a: f~.LEGa::9o {~lEt,t< IJJ!&9C:cC', ~~~IH<:tl::l1:J1@:1J<lE~
O)~!~q;:fci:? """[\,\~ a:;-g o ~~~7'J[,1J~7'GI'X Gtc 6, -i:-0)~ ~~7'J l,l<:~~~

-~t,t~~36a::tt, tl::l1:J{@: :a:~IJffl9 ~;:: c C'~~O)@jf~~~:a:qjt,\ a::9 0

*~ 'E T'J t.- ~~~

Po~
ATJ t±l1J

0 1
IEml;j:?

<~J)g9.::C::~ ~m;
!:F~'E -T) l.d i tt;~
:¥CRX:9.@
0
••
017
 ··~-~~~~-*~(~-~ ~~ ~~~6h*~o*~~-~-~~~-
57'J{ c ~~M 1<::~97'J'~~.Q L. ~ t.J~ EI ~--c'9 o .A:t.J 2"h.Q7- 57'J{\,\ <-:Jf.J'~
?•; t., - 71<:::~11 Sh.Q L. ~ ~Wl m~ GT, ?·;t., - 7 p~rc:~*Hl7'J' tci:~ \,\ ~~t~ 9

.Q L. ~ I<: tci: IJ *9 o

- ~~@-~, 7- 5~-~~~.QL.~ij§~~9o~-~~&~~ • .J\:t.J

2" h.Q7- 5 ~ 1 -:J~/}'J[.,-7 c G Ti&.-:>f.:: -5 X. --c', t~?·; t.,- /Jlg--c'~)£\,\

~~';ffT-9 .Q L.. ~I<: td: I)* 9 o

77 7.L I<::7-57'J{/D'Y t-- (i!~J.M:>L.C) 6hTl-\.Qc9hlcf, ~'Mid:

7-5:i3tt,t--c' ~ .Q tc lt~''t .Q J:: ?lc: ;\'o~~s l <c:. ~ - @$1d: 7-5~1*1<:: """C'~

tc ft!Jitci: .Q J:: -5 1<:::;\'o~ t,t 51 <L. ~I<: tEEM G * 9 o W..Lid: L." <~-::> < IJ ~ Ld.:: ~
.Q
~~9tJ\ *~'d:-t-~J:: -5 I<: !lEX. --c <tc 2" \,\0

I fffil
X 0
X
0
X
0
X
X
0 oo 0
0 0 0
0
X X
0
0 0
oO
°
X 0 0
0 0 0
/ 0 0 0
0

~:x/'-'- :;)t.J' s ld:~l*-I?U """C'9 o ±fu~ __t Jc: Ah5 ~ Bh5 c. L- \ -5 :r- : r - :,;~,J,~r.5tJ{
2 h5M~.Q~G*G~ "5ot GT.~~ pg~~~9.Q·~~ 7 /7L~~~G.
rAIS~ B/;5~ ~ ~ S ~ ~h < S \,\fljffl~ .Qil'J c \,\ -5!U15~ ~1i G t.:: ~ G *9 o

t~?X.--c', *~~~-~fi-:>T~*G~?o

018
 5l~~C'(cl:, 2-:JO);j,:7E;/;§0).:;,-5, ~IJffl9~ i!iU-8-(L.J:-:>-r, ;g.~&! ~ rAf.!iiffl
O)~~J t rsr.§)Ji\O)~&!J t ~'? J:? (L.5:Ht*9 o ~ ~:tt-r.Jii~9-@ t, C. 0)
~~:t~;;t;:~r~HL. (cJ: 13 ~n' 6ili ~ ,.::z -}\ -~~-=> -r ~ \-@;: t n{bn' IJ 9 o c: n *
6 ~5J'~9-@ t.:~, :tih~...t(L.~~~~' -r Jf*
u J: ?o ;: O)~ (cl: , Ah§iffl t B/;§
im~-r ~ -@tet-gJ 2'~9 J:? (<:.~2' a:;9 o ;: O)*''R ~~~9 nrt, ~111~ffbtJ:

JJ'-:> t.:'*ff!C'it!n -r :t , Ah§ i!iVJ:O) JJ' Br.§ili\~0) JJ'.:Yi~~ 1J~.lz:-r ~9 <tJ: I') :3; 9 o
~~' ~-C'9o ~ ·~~, .:g.~ff! ~~~~A/;§ cB/;§~~ ffl9 -@~"8'~~
0)**~~'*9o L.h~ :!IB~...t(L./ D 'Y f--9-@c, ~~:tiO)JJBt'), ~(cl:t') EJ~

(t:. lli~ ,.::z -J\-~~1Jffl9 -@l!lU-8-h{r.lJ <tJ:-=> -r ~' *9 o @J•-r(cl:, t:. O)~rP:J ~ J:

<&.~9 ~ J:? (<=*''Rt,f ~ 12' a:; 9 o ~~O) t~i5' <:'65hli Ar.5 t B l;§t,f *5'3\ ~'R~ ~I
2', A/;§j~lj ~ rA100%J , Br.51~~~ rAO% (=B100%)J t)E~ 9h,iJ:~ \0)~9o

L. 0)~0) C. C: 'L.ilil \ lJ' C', ~11{ ~ f}b tJ:h' -:J t.:~~C'it5-:> -r :t, A/;§ t B/;§ 0)
~IJffli!iU-8-~.:Yi~U-r 2'-@ t ~'? b 't-r9 o

100
!I 90

Al6
o 0
oo
o
AJ6 loo
100
.,
O
0
X YO X X
X xX
100
100

.... 10
65
,.
"
0 0 0 X X X 27
lO
0 X X xO X X
0 0 X X X
X X X 10
X X

0 : AI6JJ'R(l)llR
X : 8 f6)JR(J)~ 816 816

019
 7 -r-7" 7-=::..- ?·;t, tii!Uit~HO) 'f-~0)1 ?T-'9ti, ~ B~ -TlvtiiE M t.,\'!'9 1-' J::?
I: AIIIJ1i7 - 9 '!1JOI9 .QO)T-·IHt: <, ~B~7 Jvti ~ 6 f~~ :RJ '!Hilt±: Vt~H
Vn' <t1. '? J~H::k i! f.t:itl-'fi~ ~J :t:9 o

Section02 T"ii~:l!n *it lv T' GtctJ\ ftt:*~O)~.jiOC~~ i<= i;t.:*: ~ tJ:.X.Ji$:tJ'65

t)*Gtco -t-nict., =F:lC0)7-5'1f:l \~fJ:tJ.A.:7J9{,L. t iJ'T"~9, 'E'TJ [.,tJ\
~~ G ~9l 'J: -5 i<:, ili5 6 7J' 0 61).;\F!3,tJ'7-5' 1i:1JDI GtJ: itni;:ftJ: 61J:l' t l'
?Ji$:T"9o L.L.T"O)~It~, ~•O)•~t.r•9•mc~mm> t.r•~~~•
tl:J9 {, L. C: T'9 =Fi!f~;>c~<~O)W&~c·ili5n ii, @j{~O) r~O)ff!JtJ' t) ~(~J r~O)
0

~!J3J r*''RO)'":)tJ:tJ'tJ 1JJ, ~)E~~'~T" it5ni;f f)EO)~~J r ~O)j;: ~~J 1J:ct.t

~ ~ {, t b tJ"J -'\-> 9 l' ~ G J: "5 o
G iJ' G, 'E-T J[.,tJ'~~ G-'P9l' ~it5 3 ?~~-'if~tl:l9 {,0) let., ~1=11'; I<: lit G
l' <: C: ~ Gteo rx:Jtt.r m~ GT c "5 i<= h'rx:1~1t G tc t G T 'b, 'E-T J[.,tJ'-t- 0)~
a:a:~? T "5 * <!fiJl.W G T <n{,t.l'c -5 iJ'Icl:.btJ'6tJ:l'D'6 ~9 o -if~IJO)~
.ffltillm-'P tJ -7- I:::"O)~)E~ft~tJ\fJet., '1o/J tc tJ: 6 tJ:tJ'? tc 0) i;t., <: 0) J: "5 tJ:f.it:*~
O)f~~~~'iff5e? T \, \fc tc6')-z"9 o
~lv1J: ~ , ~~~1J:~~tGT~EGk0)~ 7 -r-~7-=~~T'Gko
71 - 7~- = ~~C:~, ~O)~ft~M:a:.Gk =~ -7 ~*~~?-~ C:~
iin{,~~ 'E -T J[., :a: ffl \, \{,~fllt~~O) L. C: ~9 o .A.:h!i C: ti:JjJ~O)r!3,1<:65 {, r(IJ
ttJIJ tJ'"5~l\"L.ctJ'6, ~?;g1ift6t1Tl'*9o ~nl!ttct. rA.:n~tJ'6
~ftl:f5b td~¥&1£: ~ * ~ * tJ:*J3.JJ.'&bttT'{n~ T ~., ,~, d.tf:J I~H::f~lr'":)%'<='t~
¥&:a:~% GT5!31'9 J t \,\ "5 f~~U :a:ffl'":) J!!jl 0) L. C: ~9 o
7 -1' -7~ - = ~ ~t.J'l®JtEl~t2? tc O)lct., uillfJ ~~;. ~ EIIIJ~ l:fllllli 9 {,
(: \,\'5 Ji$:T'9 20 1 11:ft;:.g-)E~~0)7J'fiT"ttE*~O)~~~~:a::*:~j(<:_t@]~
0

~J.t:a:~m G tc O):a: ~? lJ'Itl<::, 20121:'f:O)@j{~:5J'li!Ji:::J ~~7 -1' ~ 3 ~ ILSVRC

020
(IMAGENET Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge) ""C' .:t ::k%\fd:t l: fili&§t.J{
~m~n* Ld.::o ~ s ~<= 20151:F~<=,i, -T 1 - :77 - = /7~ffl\,\"llm~~n
t.:@.i~~.~::t o 77 bt.J{J...f,.90)~&:e.~¥ c. \,\btL~ 5% ~t}]~t.J.c, TO)ttflg
l<::ts]![t.J{f.J' f.J' -:J "l t.,' a=;: 9 o

tt
*
~
(J)
ill!
Iii
.....
Hello !

,.
lfiO)~~
: 10

lfiO)"j;:';"J~
Halu?

---- - --
---
.Af.§JO)MEJ9~~m
c::::J/l:::".:J.-. 9t.M~
EJ 9 .@Wmtl15.J c:, c-
.16-@c lct.~NSfd:t.,\t.::
'¥ - -
~
••
.g.j!S 7'' - 5' ~~~~~1t;
:3
ill!m!1l&i1!1
~,IEML-I::<t.,'

...... ~~
1 j- - 5'~ Hello!
I ::::J/l:::".:J.-91/§§
7' -f0)3;a;
.i\fl-@ 9 .@~m~ EJ!I.Je'91::
7
I ~t±l 9 .@t.::~,~~

/ Ill!~ <= .:J. - 5JL-.::(:. ·;,t t- '7 - ?) 1l

tl_t_ti.@
"f ~w:~~te Gn'l.l~

ILSVRC-20 121<::SI:t.@ i@ {j 7.J'~'E7' JuO)tt ®

(I5-$)
35% -----------------------------------------------

Super lSI OXFORD_ XRCE/ U.Amsterdam LEAR- (~fa~~

Vision .. :1 VGG IN RIA XRCE 't7'i~l

7' 1 - 7' 3 - =/?''~ )iS ffl t::: Supe r V isi o n O) I. 7 - ~ 1&:

L.,
17%~ o ftll0)7--.L.t/26%WHH:: t c *-::> 'l ~ '-@ t::::. 0 ~
~-@ C::, ~'iJ' I ::: Supe r Visio n O)@i{fHHJiml.fttJ{jij~'iJ'niJ'-@

til !II! : http:/ / image-net.org,/challenges/ LSVRC/20 12/ilsvrc2012.pdf

• 021
 .:r., -77 - .::. :; ·~.ttJ<-~J! it:: :trt. <mni!l-@ J: .:s ';: t;s.? tc. ~ ? tJ' rttJ\ J.j
~ rGoogleO)~E£iJ t W¥1th-@Mf:9i':<:9 o ;: O)iiJf:9i'.C',J:, ~Bit-> AF~M<13'? td~1,000
IJ&O)@i{~ :a:, YouTube b' 6 7 /7 .b. l<:l&f~ G, --t-;: t.l' 6 200 I::? t? )[, x200
t:.•? t? Jl- O)@i{~:a:~ 'J t±:l G-nJII**-T-5 ';:Ff.ll. \ *Gtc.o
L. 0)~11~7' - 5 :a: 3 8 F~M' itT"T 1 - 7 7-.::. :;?·~ tttc. t L. ~, ~E8t-> ;\0)

M:@i{~I<:M G TSS <&:ft9 -@.::. .:z. -7 JL-.f. 'Y f-. '7 - ?tJ{~ 6 h* G tc.o L. O)~Jf
:9i'.:a:• G -~h~ ~~~~~:tO):a:~-G~S:a:-~-@J:.:St;J:., ~b~Tfi
~ B"JtJ: 7 D t? 7.. :a: ::J /I:: .:z. - 5 C':f!il~. C' ~-@ 0)--c'IJ:tJ: l. \fJ' t l. \-5 l'tE!mtJ{J1\3':?

T l. \ ? tc. O)C'9 o

.::O).::..:z. -o /IZ::.
l, I? t.::ILIT!li1~~IT!li~ I Z::. ;t-z"5:H~!l l-" ~~tl~'if:*l~tc.l".fi;: t>?ct>~!ll<&liG9~IT!li~
1'A~'if:*EJJJ~;b1!"(f~~1J:IT!lii~'if:¥J ffii-z"~ -@J:. -5 1Z::.1J:-@ = Google (J)~ffi

te!ll! : https:/ /arxiv.org/pdf/1 1 12.6209.pdf

~ 1-75-=~~~~~~ ~~ ~~~w~ ~~~~M~

~ f*~~jf!f c:· C;t .A.r~ ~ ~ C:· t: J:[§]-::> "( L' ~

022
c

Aiffitmt cl-31ll!t~t.J' *JJ~ L"f{,HfSntc5"- f-. x :A~~L'~i, ~2%± Rt Tf- ?

~ 3 =.A.Ld:: c' -5 2 -:J O):il.~f.J'M:il. G * Ldco ~2-5:±i'j;~;t, A r..~O)!\S',~O)X<J~~i9"'
L"~c-1'51~9 ~ L. t t.J'L''EI (!!o/.J~g(;-l'}~ :AT- .L:d.&m), -t-O)~c-5~~~S"J~c:jii''f9 ~ L. t
-c'j:O~l§~JIPJll." 1! ~ t c' -5 :il.f<%L'9 o X19 ~ :::J .f.?~ 3 =;;;<:'.b.fi, AF,.,O)~ttJO)f±iii§.J:i.
~ t~WJ\9~ L. t -cm~~ ~ffl.L''E!~ t cl?:il.~l."G.fco
;\ Ij:OjlliO)~S~WjO)iilf ~l."fi ~ ~:=t~t.J'@'~L' G tct.J\ -t-O)~~l." :::J Y I::.:~. - 5 (L:
li, ~~t-t-hf.J'~9m~~~3.UHt~0)1J'!tltG c'<.: tf.J'bl'l'IJ * Uco -:J* IJ , :::J
/ l:::' .:~. -5 rc: r f) fv2fi$c\J r 1J fv2fi1=t c'J t c\? tdD~~-1 /1·;~ f-. LAc t GL"
t., r$ciJ rttc' J t.J'tl'lG~9~1.t~~~Wf~tt~L.tfi1'PJii~cc'-5L.t .-c9o L.h
~ ' ~ Y#Jl,-?.7'7 /7'1' Y7rp~@:t clc\;j' 9o

-~ ~~Wl~~~-~~k:::J.f-?~3=.A.b.~~-3l."G~-3~~-0)·L'~S
(;:::~I_,< !ffmGL"cl < 7'1' -77-=Y?'fi, =.:~. -7Jl,.f. '/f-. '7-? 0)1*.ffif;::J;?
L"~f.\'l G td5Zi®L'9f.J', ~liJO)f±iii§. J:i.~~~®:Ldc t cl-3 ,<2, -c', :::J .f.?~ 3 = 7-'.b.O):il.~

f<=.t ~ tc t. 0) t c'X.~ L' G ~-5o ili)JOO)liJf~L'fi, .ljl.~ O):ZJ'i~UUJltW.Hfn~~i®~

.ffi c1~ L. t -c r::Elf<J- r~J + r:31:J = r31:::EJ t \,1? tcjll!tZ;IPJ ± O);w~~ f'T X.~ .t -3 (;::: 1d:?
-r 1! -rc' * 9 Gf.J' G, ~~0)~~1ll!tZ;E!1.t~~M9 ~ *L'rc:r<~:*tc. *tcll\fr..~t.J'n'n'
0

~ tJ:i.StL Tl,1*9o

1!t W!<t~nc-51t~~ ~
(!l~!!~c-5:,., :A 7' b. {&~lt) H~~~~i1N G t.::1rii'Jii~1'F~
~c-5H!U!~f*fF~ ~ -+=.::t - 7Jl,:?-·;; f-.'7 - "7
-.I.:t-:A/\- f-:,.,:A'Tb.

1
) / =:1' is 7?1'
'J ::--- :J' is 71J1'
~~ [QJ± O)IM\§1'11<1:J:t1JI-'@ i:Jf,
)E~I<J:J:ttJI-@i:JI', ~~O)~it*ml~EI'(:f~ l!Wf9-@

- rT<-1 J r7n 1' J t 1<1:

C'5\, 1 5'(;1;~1;j:0)1JI
:b1.J'St,HI
0)1<1:3:t.:'l!llf!

023
 AI~Ii~cti~~~1J~'
~:&9:Q*C'
z:. z:. ""["l;t, A.I!,ij]~c l.' ?ti~~ J:: ~J ~< ~-?"tl.' <z:. t l!, ~fi!Uat~Bta)IJO)If!
~~A l!l. '~*'to 't-r-I:-A1fr.J~ ~:fit It-? t.: Z:. h 6 2 ?a)~;!il;t, ~~a)J:fll!-t

n~tl.~a)J::?~~a)t~-c~~~n-c~~q)""("~~?~ o

c:. c:: * -z:~~72, u -c ~ tc J:: -3 1c::, tmtm~~la:AI;J;otmm.J9B ic::~mt~~1i)iJO) 1 -:>

""Z'~ I), T 1 - 7 7-.=:;-'/ij:, ~1!§1'E7J[; t u T")~\,'" .= .::J.- 7 J[; .f. 'Y 1-- '7-
? C ""Z' U teo
~ff "? fdl:fflt~~O) L.
AI9;G~~~)IO)~VI\j t \,' -3 .:t a)(j:, 'J 7 1-- ~ ! \ - t-:' 7'.J{~Bz9 ~it: u tct.J' -:J -r:
r A I9;D~~J t u-r:~~~hld: <tJ:"? -r_t,,~ *9 o ~~~~Ha:, r AI9;0~~J rtm:fflt~~J
r=r1 - 77 --= Y-7J ~ :f- '7 - t-:' t (.; tcGoogle 1-- L.-:; t-:' 0)-'/7 7 ""Z'9 o rA
I9;!U~J t \.'-3 :f- '7 - t-:'t.J'-E!.:t.:~ <Jd~\.JJ[~1Ef3it9-b0)0), ~VI\JO)~Bzic

utct.J' "? -c A~)J[t.J'~~ -c \. \.@ O)t.J'bt.J' IJ *9 o 15l.~t->~~, ~.@ \. 'la:9B~:5 t

\.' -:J tcAil3,0)ti~~O) -Jm~f~~ 9 .@ , \. 'P r;J:>.@ r§~ \. 'AI9;D~~J O)f¥t£ia:, E3
m~;!-z:~* l)~~~nt~~,, J: -3 1c::~~t~n -r:_\,,~tciJI), §~t u -r:_O)~ti)t.J'
~* "? """( \,\ <q) i i~.@~.i_O)&;,f.~ t \, ,x_.@ ""Z' u J: -3 0

Google 1--l/:; P:O)fJ.JioJ (20041f-~)

• J.IKh~
I !'

I JJ.r.l\lt ! C) -:

L_

024
~ m1 ;~AI~(m~:t-b.
~~~~~~~~~~~3~~R GT~k~~&~~~Th*G~3o

ii:fJJit: .A.Im~gtJ~/- .Ldt: t,J -:J tc ~ ~i, 1950~fttl' G 1960~ft* ~-c9 o

J\'J ::J /~~:t.EI.t :t \,\;t~5fLFf.l ::J::.; r:· ~ -'7 ~~~'<:: ~ ~ T, ti!U&~T':J-7 Jl.t
lt:~c~{~9 ~ <: t "?:: .AFI3~~DliY~1'fJJ~ ~~i.W."?::~ ~ t~ X. G;t~Jc~~9 o <: ~MJ
M, :Et.J:pJT~~~I<::t.J?tc~li, :tto~~~, ~~mt.J~, ~\,,Jlt-Jltl'~ffi

~h~~-b l'9o <:hS~~ - b~, -~~m~ ~~~~-:JT~·~~~

1
) 79~/J;!tJ~l~~~h* Gtco ~-bi<=<JBit~.A.Im~§';t, fiiJ=F:t?t;~~;y;:

9~<:t ~8~~W~~~~=F~~ ?~*9 o~~~9h~9~~~~ft~~

~=F~il.h ~bi:tli1~H~~ ~t:ii1.JD G T \,\ <tc(!), ~~Shtdt~~r13~l'~:*:~~~

~~~ft3L. t~*(!)Sh* L-ko~*tl-T , ~·~~~~~ft3k(!)~ft

~~IJ~ffil-'td~~tJ~frbh~t.J~, ~~ · :ti~ · ~~~<=~~.A.Im~§'iimGtc
~W ~ ~ -c-~~~~~~tt*9o G~G, <:~~3~-~-m~ -~~~~

"""C'Ii, !.W.~~fl*~F",.Im~M*l'~ ~~ 5t.JD~~{f)]~~~i.W.l'~t.J\,' <: ttJ~flt:l

S~~~~*L-ko <:3GTiiW~.A.Im~7-b~--~~~3<:t~~~

*9o

re.·:; ~ ~ TjO]?
t!!~~TjO]:a-
9tllcf't, \I.,\(])?

025
 19so~1-'COJ~2 ~](.A.Im~7' - L. -ri;J::, ID5(\I)J.6.fvtc~::kt.,-:m~~1*fl=9n

t;J:.A.r"'~O)J:: -? t.,-:m~t.J~~~~-r ~ ~ t. \,\-?::igX..t.J'E:>, m~0)-1 Y 7''J r-t.J<m~m

~ tL 2i:: l.J teo .:COJ{-'C~i~Ut.J~I ::f ;:1.1~- 1'- ~ ;:1. 7' .£.. ""Z'9 o I =\'- A.J\- f-.':./ A. 7 L.
id:, at>E:>t.J'u(\I)-1Y7'.'J r-~tt-r L \~:w r~~O)i!J~c, fJi.1:EOJ~55t~~9-T­

~~~t.~m•m•~~~*9o ~-~B~at>tt~ ~~O)~~ ~~~~ G,

~-~~ 9~m•~ ~c~~~~ ~ ~9~ ~mOJJ::-3~~1:E-r9o l.J~l.J~Y
1:::" .:z. -~I<= i;J::m'•t.J~t.,-: <, *te §~-rm•~11~~9 ~1m:tJ~t.,-:L\te(\l), :w:r~~

OJi!Jal~.A.F"'"lt.J~::kii lt::~X..Jt,ct;~,~t.J'dt>I'J * l.J t.:o 2i:: t.:, :m•t.J'::k:i;it::-9-X.. S

n~ t., at~ 9«~*ll.Ji-8-bttt.J'~J£s"H<=~*9 ~;: t. ~, J£~&~ ~.§.*9 ~~
IZiJ Ct.,-: I') * l.J teo

I~ .AI ~- I-- ~.A71>.

( 9r]~ t,r t,~( C l-t.:::ti!Ri)

l!.llf<J>~

• If ~atifi
t hen 1'::/7 J[.,I/tf NO
NO

~If#,~I

YES NO
YES

Ga>J<tft!l"'
YES

~/J<~Q ~ I '-l f~lf7f ?J llllilillfi1il~ '

If not Mfli'ili!'i NO YES NO YES NO YES

t hen n't!
-~ ~;t-@
(J)tJ~-K$. -·····

:::J/~.:J. - 9 1 .::
~1."~-QM<:"
.A.tJ~B~~x~

026
I ~ 3 ;~AI~§~7'- .b. 1
~2~Aim~7-b~•~~~ ~7~~~~ ~ -~~~~ ~~~h~~
~~~txtt-a:~®:G te[t-~ 1J $tn:£ El 'if~ @)~ J:-:> '<:tJ: IJ *9o = ~ - 7 JL-
f.·y r-'7-? . 7 7V'~w~. ;a;{iiff.l7JL-::f 1J.Ab. sm1t~~tJ:ctJ~.z-~1-t~

M~ 9 o~M~. -~~-a:~mG k~-~B C ~ •~*~c)~~$~~~~

9Mf:-a:tF3HfTl..\* Gtco ~~~~WtJ'f:>ilf!lttJ'-:::>~fXtJ:W~A..~~~tJ\ J.W,f±
0AI~- 7- b~AA§~~ ~k ~~ ~o

~GT, ·-~~~~~-7 7 -= Y7-a:~~~~~Gk~3*Aim•

/- btJ~201 01f: ¥1cJ: 1J' SM:i* ~ Tl..\~ * Gteo <:: ~7· - b0~e:lt:I<U:::·:; ?.
~-~-~~. *m•~~a~•~?7~~~•~ft•~~l)*~o <::h*~
0AI~~7- b~~ . Aim•-a:~~k@'J~~y~~-~-~~-~-a:~~

I<:J;' t,\T <tB <~,~tJ'~ I)* G teo ui'J' Gl.W,tE~Id:, ~-~ 0'f*f.¥1J' S ~HU5~
0 t±l 7J It::¥:~ * ~ ~ 9l1W -a: Google, Amazon, Microsoft fJ: c t.J'ij;i#j;~ ~? 7~
~~~ff ? <::~~~~* ~o ~~~~~tt~~tfi~~~~~a?~~t~.
AI~~--~~ ? ·~ ~?k~~~o

'./7r.
::J ~t:~ -7 ~ ~7'

• • •
• • •
•

027
 c

.A.I~tm~m~'td~fimO)<:j:l""{'-t c. fJ t>lt$t~fi~P'JJ& fJ il#t.J\ JZ:.If.f1~m c. 119'1<fn.Q

z.lf.ff§ ffll<t 'EJ~-{ }[,.)~)1ii)- t:A r:r 1) «.-{ J ~)!8'
<P~O)f~,E§~if!fllli~ AT L>. ""{'9 0
9-QJ'/t-- · 71'TYY""Jl--7Jt.--7 (!il!fi3'fi'HIX) 1J{Im§l§G3::l..dco .;;A.O)f~,E§A:J7
~. -fy~-*~ t-- ~O)&•~•~ft~~-7t3'fi'Ma~~~~.Q~•~-7~-tc
I<=. D V'A 7' 1' ·;;? @]~. *;E;f:, 7 /7' L>. 7 7t L-A t--id:c\ 1;(~0)~""{'~/v L'\,\ <
•~~~O)~$~fflc'-cn~<!na::9 o -t-0)~ -s I<= L., -cJHI:l<!ntd~m:::<.:J :r1;~:~j~
im.t.J . A.llrn~f~t 1~m~.se. !il~ng7J , !1t~'¥-'f~0) 5 -"JO)iJi£tJ•t>~fllli <!n. 35o~
95o 0)~!5 A :::J :rt.J{~I:I:l <:! n a:: 9 o
;:: O)z.ffff~fflf.J{ i'@i ~' c. \, \o ~' o t&: ~PffL'l¥IDE3'fi'tJ: L., L' B fflab l'd: c ~-IJ .Q;:: c 1.J{
""{'~ 3::9o tc c ;tlif:lli1i~? T ~ T$~~"5J5bitT \,\id:;f.J•-::d<.: c ~ 1<::, iii< O)A-
J~-~11\7' Jl--id: cL'$~- fJ b h3::9 0 * tc, A "X- r- 7 ::>t /0) '{'.' }\-{ j[,.}'\•y T 1) -
1.!{~~ .t~·~lc:::id:-:>tc~<51d:c lc:::, i'Z:.If.ff~fflt.J{~~'.A. L'Snla:~;teV'·y r- ('ffit:J3'fi') t.J{
1'~1<::tJ:.Q0)""{'9o ftJHc:::-t, z.lf.f~,E§1.J< ~~'f1J,E§~Ic:::~?Tl-/~Jl--El~* · l..-/7
7J-~ji~f1~. Jl\j'}[..O)~Jt{V'•y t-- 1.J{1'~1C:::fJ: IJ. iiDfflJ fJ: ~ l'ffe~;lj\'~~L'~.Q~ -3
l<:fd: '? tc fJ, m*'llt~im~iJ- t:." AO)~\, \ -t;r - t:." Ai.J{~~L'~ t<.: fJ G 3::9 o
<P~O).A.I~•~ft~. ~oo~~~~~9-Q~?id:+O)~$lfm~~~U.Q<:c-t
G It G liS fJ 3::9. G1.J• G. :Ql$1(JffljO)~VIIJ~ :k:lllil<:l& t) J...h T ~' <7 'Y t-- '7- :7 O)ft
c; 1<:: 1;1:, 8 :<$:-t ~ 1!'i' -3 «- ~ ,~1.J< if5 .Q c ~ \;{. .Q L' L., .t -3 o

I_

-
...

028
;:C7)Jl~ld:, AI~~g€~~~tt~rc~li:1'DJ

~fd:·~~~~~-::>1-\""C~Iv ~t-'=a-*9 0 -~~

~C7)~~~EC7)~31d:~~"~~EC7)~31d:~

ti~ffbtl -ct- \.QC7)1J', *rc, fCil11'~~-cfDJtJ~'

~~fd:t-,C7)1J', ct-'3~31~, a~cffl~€~

.Q;:: clct, -t-C7)~~~~1v ~~-' <:r 111 ::ru :::Z'bC7)

~1W€WJI1.Q;:cl~~-:>fd:tJr.) *9o
 o·s
•tat~~a:> 1 '?l"if, .Qf.iRifi~ fJ ~HI;!:, ~I~H:~-r~n.Q~I!c!: .:?-- ~ /?'a:>1 ;;t. -~
fFJ!il.'f;:.li), l:tfQ~J!fWL,-'{!>9l.'Cl. 1 Xll;9o -t-a:>~O)ljfJ, Ara,:fi7-9a:>7A\
~~l!~TtiMia:>&~~~~L,,•~~~•*~tixT;f,lf.Q ~~a:>~ c!:l"9o

J.Uilii> fJ :!FW(supervised learning) c ,;J::, lEM.ttJ:~1*;ZiJ'~*ht.::?-5'

~"E:7JL-'t::.~~~tt~1J$0) L. t C'9 o L. L. C'O)"f:7JL-Ii, .A.ImiJgO)~Il!Ht::.a5

t.::~$:5}-(::~ ;Z Ti:J'* \,\*it luo *f;:_, !EfWc!: fci:~1*;Z{!: 7~Jit(:: \,\\,\ , *;Z
tf-a*nt.::-T-5' '!!: 7~Jid;t ~ 7-9 (:t L- <liiNa'T'- 9) t ~V:*9o ~

am~ 0 ~~li "E 7 JL-O)~~~c: '7"'-JL-N~ 7 - 5' ~ fif.l\, \ * 9t:J\ :~H~EI9tJ: Elt~';j::
5A::.J[.,O)tJ: \, \7'- 5' (T .A 1-- 7- 5') {f:JEM. ~it~ L. t C'9 o Section02 C'~lu
~--~90)~~, ~ma5~~~~~:5:t~h*9o
fflc!:GT, *c!:B0)~-~:5JM9~~m:a:~ma5'J~B~~~Ttw~9~L.
t ~~;Z* G J: -5 o *c!:BO)i@{~-"J-"Ji<:, *i:J'Bi:J'0) 5 r-::.JL-'i!:a5 Si:J' G~
.Ars,i:J'{i lt Tt0 ~ * 9 o -=£:-? JL-,;J::@ll•c!: 5 ""-Jl-O)X1/it~f*{f: .5il, T, t: ?s s O)@ll
1~71':*:-z: c5 s O)@llf~t.J'm-z:a5 ~t.J~:.a:~a u-z-~,,~ *9 0 ~~fl9 ,<: , :*:?1830)
'7""-JL-tJ'tJ: <-r:timH~ ~.5il,t.::tclt -z:-'fJJ!tTC' ~ ~~ -51<:tJ: nit, -5 * <~R-z:~
f.::(::\,\,it*9o

-
~~ - O)ff •J 15

:X;
~ ~m
'j
;X:.+-71'\J[, ? ?

70:("~ ~·-- _ ,...._

~ .:y
......
?".:Y
~~

-
m ~ ~ ? ?

•:t• ~ 71'\J[..O)fO :l,IT-9

:X; ~ :X; (7-A.f-.7'- 9)

030
 -~~~~R~~-~@~ID2~~7~~~6h*~~ ~-~r~~J~ 2
:tIll¥ lcf'h .Q L. ~ ff· 05 ~ * ~ o Section02 l" 1;1:, ~--a: r 7'- ~:£{/.$:-a: l" ~ .Q tc
lt?:Ht .Q J: 7 tct'R-a: <:; I< <= b, @m~:{f: r@l~t;t 7'- ~:£{/.ft<: c· ~ ~ tc lt~t~
.QJ: 7 tc:t'R-a:sl <<= ~ J ~m~5r.u* ut.::o <= L.l"t;t, r -y;~~ ~h.Qf@: C*X.) tJ'
c 0) J: 7 t~{@-a: c .QfJ'J ~ \,\ 7fm.~l"~-~ @]~®~\,\-a:~~ l_; * ~ 0

*9')J'M t;t, *.:ttJ' r*:;mJ, rd ,~~~~~~~~t3(~1:*:~~J t~c®1J7'

:1 1) t<:tci: -:J -r \. \.Q L. c fJ'~~l"~ o <= L.l"\. \ 71J 7' :1') t;t, Ci)J.l!H% u td&f®:l"
t;ttJ:\,\ C~ft1ii) , (g)::A::;J,t-> II~(J;tc~o.ttJ'td:\,\t \,\7 ~Ht-a:;f.ill t.:: u *~ o utJ' u,
- ~ l_; ""[)!~,% l_; td5l{@"tJ'*X. O) J: -3 (<:Ji!.:t~:l~~\:'b, TO) ~{@:tJ' 1J T :::J' I) (~

'~!)({@:) tcf}.t~-tt.Q:t~l3- t;J:)J'•~l:l1Jctci:~*9o t.::tX.t;i, =Fi!~ ID1tfi®~~

tJ'fPJ -a: ~9 fJ':{f: ~ T .Q ID t;t)J'M ID FP,~\:~ o L. ®:ijJ;~, * .::t.h'OI1121314151

6/7/8/9 0) \,\ 9hfJ'(C f.,i: ~ * ~ 0.5 t-> 2.1 ~ \,\ -:J f.::* j{_(;J: ~ o.t-a: f~ U *it fvo
0

* t.::, @i{~-a:~~9 .Q aey,'i$;"1.' t;J~~~*B*ID~ ~tJ':iE l.; \,\ i.J'O) Oiit<: ~o.tt.l'~ ~,
j;::;j\~{*-a:~~g .Q L. (:: (j:~ ~*it fvo U f.::tJ\ -:J T, 1* ;{_ :{f: JJ T :::J" 1) (:: J-)..fJ:it

*9o
-1JO)@J~ta:, :a .:ttJ'J.I~ utd&iOCi. Cil6:1i) tc:tJ ~ * 9 0 :f*'fiffiO)-y;~~rp,fHI

-a:~ X. T J-J..Q c, 1*.:ttJ' 12345.6 fiiiD J: 7 t~~J£s~YiffitJ:f@"tct~ -:J -r 'b~o.tt.J'l.m

~*9oT®k~, ~{illj®-'f~~~~ ~~ ~~-~h*9o

axO)li~I;;J®sn-rt., \.Q
(ll~®ll 3
0? 3?
1? 2? 9?······

§;tl;: C:''!t,I'J:Ji!Pf c-::> "t"t.J:t.,'

(if~j~)

12345.6FI3

••
031
 I 0 ~Bifi®~J~~(c:J:~~~Jj\~<9~
~~c·~e G ted:: -s tc::, ~gmiJS IJ ~~O)~~Elt~t;t, 7«J L-OJtJ:\, \ -T .::z t-- -T-
5' 1rlEm~it~;: t -c·9 0 -rOJt.:®rc:: t;t, *9'7«JL-OJiJS~~JII~-T-5' 1!:-=E-T
JL-iJ~lEm9 ~ d:: -3 'L. l.dJ: <-c ';ttJ: f) *it luo ~ \, \~~hfi, "E-T J[;tJ{t:J:j:tJ G tc
T)~Ut 7«J[; (:. 0)~~~1J:::}dJ: ( l_; fJ: ( l (;:j:fd: IJ a::tt fuo ~~jfiO)~~C',;:I:, Lh

~' ~-C'~~~IYf--.0~-~~, @~C'~~~=-~~t~~h~~~~

d:: <~bniF:9o

.-----------------------
1
I
-----------------------~I
I
I I
I
J
7-'-9

0 0

••

~- D fUili.¥.> ~J *~ t 1;1:~ f;Ui!i7-11' ~ i: 7-'JI;I:*~ ~ tt91Ji!C1);:: t

~~.¥.>~*~<1)~-§~~~ 7.::Z~7-1l~~M~9;::t

~~9.>~*~~~~t~~~~~6h9

032
 Kaggle (https ://www.kaggle.com/) c':: l<l:, 1!!3'f-$ 0)7'-$''if4I/7'1 7.. 1--t> AI I
:YY=7~· *~~~~A0)~ ~~=7 1~~ c'::~b~~§~~~~, ftMt>&fi
O)~lllHc ~ u ~ ~JJo:JlftJ~:f&)jjtJ=t:7' Jll~m:±l G, :e::t~ntc =t:7' Jl!l<: 'i:lfitJ~:iZJbbn
~ r:::J/~J <::c':: :::J:Y ~ 71:.,t3/~~o :::J:Y~71:.,t3:Y~I<I:~Ci!li!5~!'f!~t.J~l*F132'
:h~<!Sf'), ~.IJD~:hlt7'-$'t-y i---a=7'J:Y D-f.:9 ~C::c'::t.J~~ ~ *~o :::J /~ 1 ?
O)BfJ{tUIJliL%!:3~67' Fl ~, 1
) -7 -*- ~ 1<: 1) 7 )[!$'-{ b ~MfHil:tJ~~Jfi'2':h~fclll.>,
~.IJ0~0)'1:7-~-:.,t 3 /1<:~*6~~ u < O',;.,l:tJ".J ~~~*~0
-t'O)IiJ;f.J'Kag gle ~li, 77 ?ifJ:~ :::J- ~ -a=lilt.l'~ <:: ,1:: f.J{~~ ~ rkerneiJ ,1:: l,\ ?ttlt
~g~ :::J /~ I;:~~~ 7'-5WH/TO)*a*-a=:lt~~~ *~ o * tc rdiscussionJ c':: ~~ '5 Mi~
O)~:tfflfe:2' n ~ t.' *~ o -t'O) tell!.>, :::J /~I;: '1:7' JJ.,HIE:±l utJ: < ~ :t+51-tJ:9D~tJ~
•sn~~u~?o k~u-~0)~-11--~w~ BO'J.•~~~.>~w~~ uM~ ~~~~~
:!:J u:h*"ttfvo
1'!1~0)-l;t-{ 1-- ,I: u~ SIGNATEC\.1'5 EJ:<$:0) ~ -{ l---:ti!5 I') *~tJ{, 2: '!5 SliKaggle
~~~-~~~<,·~ -~O)·~~~~~~:t?~uM~~~~~~?~~o

General

Two Sig ma: Using News to Predict Stock Movements 5100,0 0 0

2 927 I~Ml~
r ·u ;:-o...

Santander Customer Transaction Prediction $65,000

C.n,·:!.il::e'":Utto•l-o I f'\a•$ *l·a'\J.KIC>r~ 4901 tea-m')

LANL Earthquake Prediction S50.000

Clio~ :ON o·ed!:':. ~pt.t.,.. "'' l&tl~ 'I!N1 "!lllt'l t':.A•~? 1.641turrs.
·" .;:··t· · •

033
 06
~Mit.t IJ~~I;t, 7-9 0)«~'(!>5:!Jl.IJ ~ 7 Jv::r 1J :;t .1...1: J;? TNHJi' ~Jt11!:±:9 .Q ~tit
~~0)·~~9 o ~Mi~ij~Ht~~f.tij,A~W ~ M~~~.Q~tt.t<~~~~
~1'9 .Q,o!atl~tt!l~9 0

~~ G~~Ict: r7'- 9 0)~~~~6x.QJ

JfiW ~ ~ ~ B (unsupervised learningHcl:, -9- ;t S n tc T'- 5 OJ :<tfl!i¥l 1d:ff4@
t' )-* ~IJ~ 7 ) ~ ::::)' I) Ab.;/J{ §j ti.Ji¥J(L:tffJtf:j9 ~~~~~7 )~ :J.I) A b. ""C9 o ~giji il5

~~ -~ ~AM ~-~ttd:~, ~-5~~-cil5n~ T'- ~OJh ~ ~~~ . ~ ­

~ ~ ~ -ril5nti~-l*i¥J tJ: ~fil[C: \,\ ? tcJ:. -5 tJ: lE'* r- ~ ~ . ~~-T-5 e: -tz ·:;
r- I<= L, -r 7 )~ :J. 1
) A b. 1<= -9-X. 9* 0 ;:_ (J) J:. -3 l<=lE'*-T- 5 ~ .g.x_~ L. C: f.J\ s =t
:b1J'~ J: -3 I<::, ~grp il5 ~ ~ - 0) :J·- J~l;:l:: r*~ OJ 7- 51<:: :t.t L, T .iE L, \, \~*~
9 ~J c: t -c9 0 :t.t u -r , ;: ;: -rm~~ u -r \, \ <• smtJ: u ~~-rlcl: , .iE ~-r- 5
~ffl~ii9·~~ -T- 5 (f)# ~ 7 J~ :J. 1) .A.L>. I<::l3-;t *9 o TAJJ:.Sili fJ: u ~ ~ (J)
:J·- J~I;:J:: r -T- 5 (J) 'f-'H~~ t. S X. ~J ;: C: I<= il5 ~ * 9 o

? ( ;::_A.~O)(d;

r6sJ tc'
!
80
- 1-
60 70 65
-
75 60
-
90 80 75 70 80 ?

3Z*t.!!*O) 2 -:> (;::

5-Jtt sn-t-:>tc'

034
 Ars~~cl:t..\ < -:)iJ'O)=t 0)~~~ c ~, l&:~ G tJ:t..\ a': a':.Z.tL-t'tLO)~~~ =t c (<:
r!RJ.liJJ GJ:-5cGa':9o tc.c7...1i.abfJ:tc.il~, ~O)J::JI<::sift"'ZStLtc.~~~~

•~Rkt~, kt7...~M~~s~~~ktGT=tk~~~e:m~~~t~G
tJ:\..\(ci:9C:9 o ~C:)HtT #tc. ':JJf~C:)HtT #tc.IJ G, c AJJ:?. JL- -7~1'FtL
~.Z.0)~~~-5*<m~9~~c~C:~~0)~~~7...~C:G~-5 • .Z.GT~M

~*·~~C:IRJ.liJ9 ~;:: c I<:J: ~ T:fJJ~T, r;::;:: ~<: lci:6~0)!1M~51H:?zlil~~

IJ a': 9 J ct..\~ tc.!$U<: * c ~ ~;:: c il'C: ~a': 9 o ~gilitJ: G ~1§1c: lei:;:: 0) APs~O)
r~~~ c S7...~J ~~tJ~ 7 Jt,:J 1) :A b. I<: J: IJ ~IJt9 ~ C:: c ~§fer GT \,\~0)

C:9o

• tHi~~~~i!J~!2<;81J9 -9
t~(l)~ r13:BIJ9 .QJ

~? -tt1::Z'? 0:: 0:: (L. (cl: 6 §(7)

\,1~ , fg~' t]~~~4i!Jti
5111Sn-9~vt.:' 6;)1Ja:9

035
 ~~~~~(cj f??:A. 9 1J /?'J 11~'-r!~-Q
-~~L *~~~m~ ~~~ ~~tL~ft- ~~~~ r ~5~~~~~J~
9o ~ 7 ~~ 1
) y~· ,j.-T-~ ~~ f.J\f)~~~{~~\, \~T - ~~~· )1_, - / (~7

~~)~t~~~~~ ~~ ~9o~ ~~ ~ffl~~ ~t . ~7 ~~~:,; 7~BM

~-~ ~ ~~~~~~~t5*(~~Gh~~ ~~~ ~~~t~~k0*9o

~~~ ~ 7~~~Y7 ~~$~~~ ~< ~~~r~~~~5~~~~~Jtr#

~-~~5~~~~~J~ 2 ~-~~0*9o~-~ ~ 7 ~~ ~ Y7t~, ~

~~{~~\, \~~7 ~~~ ±~ 1 -::::>9 -::::> *a-a-~tt~t-\ ~ , :&~~ ~c 1-::::>~~~tJ:

~7~ ~~~~ *~ <0~9~t~~7~~~ Y7~ff 5 ~$~ 9aM L ~~

~~~~7~~~Y7t~. W~~~7 ~ ~~( ~~ ~~3-::::>)~~~L. ~

~~ 7~ ~~~~~ t~~ < T' - ~~~~~~tlf~~~~5~7~~~Y7

~fr 5~$ ~9o tJ:d3:$:ifi:~'ct, Section31 lt:~~F~~~7 ~~ 1) Y7~fC•

~tcJ.? w ::f 1J A.b.~~~ rk!JZ~ (k- means)5!J ~i:Sfl' L ~ \, \ *9 a

B .
E
c
• D

~/ J
E
•

I r - c --1
B
•
c
•
0 16 00
iY.>StJ1 1.J~? '5.A9~'1t)1C~ ,
1

jj;(""("~ I~ I[Mf!: l"~~~ e'<.JI;:

E

-'fQ)tpl"-t.? c-t.d:.~ 177 .A 9 H 'l=nt ?7.A9H'Fnt

036
 ~5/:~jjjtJ: l.; '¥'§1 (<:::<IS\,\ T, '/ 7 A 5 1) / '/"0)~)((;: 1-t*BkJtJ: 5 A'/ (::\,\;Zit rix
~iliiJiJOCJ l' L; J: -3. ~)(:7fJ:j iJi~IJ:, 7'' - 5 D' G ~~tJ:•tlU&tc lt~ibz ~ t±:lL;, d5 a:
l)~~l'tJ:\,\'~¥@.~~1j )~9.@5 A'/c'9o L. L. cO) ~)(j(; C: let: , ?-50)J.W§O)
Bl'9o kC:;Z~ d5~~'¥'~1A0)?-5C:L;T~~·B'¥' · ~~ -~ ~ ­

t±~O) RJ<,*l e: ~,' -3 5 -:J O)JW s t.J'd5.@ tJ: C:dt, 1 5 ~)(:ltO) -T'- 5 c.tJ: IJ a: 9 0

~)(:lt~Ui~O)-'(JIJC: l.;TIJ:, -T'-50)PJ:f.~1i::.t.J'~HfGna::9o ~Mctst.J':!g,~)(:lt

'T- 5 ~ @:~if:JI<::~~it9 ~ tct!) i<:: lei: , ?- 5 0);/J:._j(;~ ).JM':f-~~;'2.9.@ L. C: 7J'c

~~ 3 ~)(j(;Jj T 1<::3& C: l.; tcJ:.l'PJt~11::.L; tJ: <T icl:tJ: I) a:: it lv. tc C: ;Z(d',', ~'¥'

~0)5~~0)~•0)?-5~k<~lv•*~kcL.;a::9o L.O)C:~--~rB

'¥'0)~~, ••~r~~O)~~J C:l.;T2'!X:lt777~W<L.C:c, 7770)

~D'b, L.O)T''- 5t.J' r::z*J C: r~*J 0)2?7.::Z57J'G~$;~hTt-,~U~

i~IJ 9.@ L. C: t.J'c·~.@ l' G J: -3. L;7J' G, *iUill C: l.;T- =!fH,~b L; t,\O)Icl: r~~

c~~O)-Eim-,'i':'\ 1 ? r ~~:OO~ : :f-±~~2 : 2 :1 O)~IJ 13-c·1Jo;Ztc,'i'i\~J n':tuna::

it fvo ~5/:§ilitJ: G'¥'1!§ll'~)(:ltf!JUi~~1=r ;Zit, ?- 5 O)~f£t6'bt.J' fJ ?9 t- ''ill'ii': :>.!<
61)-@L. ctl·l'fi., ~~1.JtJ:-T'-50)PJ:f.~11::.~1=r-3 c. ctJ'c·~a::-9 . ~)(:lt~IJ;rntlc:-::>

\,' T IJ:, Section32 it:: T J: I) T$1<::1!3Z. fJ J:.[JT \,'a: 9 o

75

80
-r, -~J ""
IAJ"CFll It"' .. G
•

•
•
•
"
•

•
•
•
• •

•
·

'
r:i: ~i!it~ V'i"~<::·l;t,
j ~1.:-),c':tJGl'
~ ilil 'it~t±ll'' i'< ~

I . . . . - - - - - - + I!~

a ~~~~•~~~~~m~r~-~~-~§t6~~J

a ~~~~•~~r~5~~~~~Jtr~~~~Jw~~~

037
 ~~1t!:it~ c ,1, .;. ~ 6 n t.:~~ c (J)~ ~J llX ~J tJ' 6, 11=1 & (J).J£* :a-ill*11::9 ?J J: ? t:
~-~~ff~~~<ij~~-~~~-~~9?JJ:?~*~9?J~c~9.~~~ij
!':F~t -t~~ili~ ~.-*~c -t~~?Jr.,,m~~~H~h'l"'*9·

~~·~t~. ~~~~ij- A~ft~~lfh~~5~~~(J)t ~ G~5~.

~m~~~~<T~~ff•~~<0 ~~~lf6B~~ff~~~~~5~~~~
~ 1J)1i,(J) L. t ~~. 'r!l:Sffi65 0 ~~ (<: ';:J::Bjj~(Jk)t.;:lEWt-t.r'65 0 * ~ tct:J\ 5$1t~og
(<::: (;:1:65 0 *it~. i.J'P 0 (<:::, -'(-(J)f'Jii.Jf.J 1' (:'' htc (t ~ fJ' -:J tc(J)fJ'~W~~ t ~ T 3-
~. -t-(J)W~ij~<~~~5~ffti.J~~~~5~fr~~~(J)~~.ftfi~~~

~t>1EfW.(;:j::(J5 fJ *it~f.J\, 5$1t~~ti;:J::t!:~t.J'~< ~tJ:0 *~· iW:tf(;:J::-T'- 5

-t- (]) :t (J)(J)¥-JW.~ ~~ ~ * ~t.J\ f~:tfi;:J::fiJ&ltJ:frtiJ~ ~~~ ~ n' 6 -c·~.

=t:.oc
~M«1it> 6 x_ 0 J: -s
~~ GJ: -5

~~~U)JIY
~
~TiD c
fli!Mil
••

~~
or
><
038
 ~1t~1§10) J:E':i%,J:§tr~- ~"C)ili~tc c d;3 0 L'9 o ~{t~~L' J: <~bh~ffl
~~;:;t-tz D ~~Jt<::*Bil' 1_., a::90)L', ifV'ffi'H<:: l,\h T<Jsl,\T <tc ~ l,\o

~IW (State)

rri.IJ (Action)

I-:/IYf-
(Agent)

r.i'iltb
-~
ffilJ{!:~<::: Gto::f.Sli1H~6h~ftlli{~~ Cc'~'£9o;;ttDO)ig'&,
(Reward) E~li:c,t.: t ~I<:, ;f§'fO)£~ Ch < IJ~Gtd:lz~t.J~<:::ttl<:.;0t.: I)£ -9 o

r C' O)~!lllO) t ~ (;:: C' O) j'JIJJ H~~ f.J'J t c'? . ifrrilU:: 1'Ji!JO)~§JJ.'&:bit
nm (Policy) O)L.c~ f:IJjffJ C:c\\,\ £ 9o

ll>1~ (Return)

Qf@. r;15 ~tt~ 1<:. a3 c' -c -t0)1'Jibt.J{ c: :ntnt J: c \O)f.J'J t c' -s f.ri.IJO)ftllifil! ~
(Q-Value) WG*Yo §~0·M~~~U< .~R~6 tt~~~~~~G*Y o

Vfiii (V-Value) r-tO)~~ t.n:ntcttJ::c\O)f.J'J C:C\?1t;~O){iffi{@.t,r;t{G£9o F!Jr.O)~

~~ ~ ~~<. ~*Ms n~ •m~~~G£9o

It'')- fC: ;;t t D O) l ~~O)J::?~ . ff~G~~~~6fi~~~~U<~~£~0)

(Episode) - JmO)* C £I) {!:I t''J- fC: C c\\,\£9o

- · II

039
 ~~~~t~m~~<~A~~-9~- ~~~t~T.~fi~~U*~ . ~~~~~
':*t~~ .Q$~ti1bt- '-/.rr. ECim,:M9 .Q~;t:n~~vt.P6. -t~*~sl ~iiil ~~.'
tt.';t*9• ;:;:-z:·';t. f'Y - Jvj t ~T~J!/] ~~~T. iit.'~~~~Tt-'~*9 •

~~~~~- ~~wm~~~~~-~~~ @A~ 1 ~M~~-~~-~~

~a::-z;, :?9~1:?9~tJ:-T -5':1J ~~ IJ a:: 9. C::hStc:::x;Jl_;T , ;\';)'C~f [j: r t,:tf'~O)~

~ t,:~- ~~ ~ ~O)~ J ~~~T<na::9.-~ . ••~B~r~~~6 ~­

~iJ~· t·~~:b?"l L '(0)1J' J ~ . -tn .zn:J)(~--c<n~O)-z; 9 . :t:Jt:t, ~

~rc::: t;:J::jlllj:Jl§-~**sl ~9 ~ c: t r;:J::~ l_; <, c: 0) J:: -'5 tJ:~:I!r;:J::~ <a:: -r·-1;;.. - :J~
~'v\~D:IJ' IJ -?9 < 9 ~ t.:66-z'~~ C: t ~Wi/~ l_; T < tC. t5 'v\o
-t~~~ . m~~~m~J::IJ~116 ~kll6, ~~~~ c ~~O)~s~~ l ~~

~~~T~a::L_;~-3o~WM~~O)HP~~~~. ~~~0)%-~J::U~~O)
~~:b~~;JX~~~~il6sn, 01H.lt5n T'v\a::9 o -f- 0) ~0)1 ~-r·~~. 17~ c~

~3~~)~~~7' - 5'~~~~7~ b (tt~7~7)~~ l_; T~~tT~~

*
J:: -'5 \C::: tJ: IJ 9 0

80% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ifi~ 170.6cm,

~~~~ (7'-'- 91])
60% - - -- ----: !;:fS -:J 0 (7):*:0 ~)
40% - - - -';""""1-----\
5.8 7em I]) .iH~5:l<ffit.:·t~

20% - - ---< --

0% ------'------'----'------'
160 165 ---"-1---'--
170 1
175 =---'-----'---'---
180 185
*~~~: f*tl11*ff£'tSt iD/liri: *tllf*flUiistiil!l:l!t - $551lcO)!W!~ (!JLJl1Z30if.fsl') J (http://www .mext.go.j p/ compon
ent/b_menu/other/_i csF iles/afi eldfi le/20 19/03/25/ 1 4 1 1703~03 . pdf)

040
 ~ -c z: z:c:t, G ' EJ :$:0)r%1:J.:f3t3if~O)~:f!trc:: -:J L\-cmstJ G -c < t.: ~ L\J e:
~ b h tc C: G -c, r 160cm O.:J A ;If 14% l' · · · · · · J t,;. C. C: < tc < tc G < Jzt-""- tc G,

c:"-3l' G J: -3 o fL:;Z -Q 0) [<: B'!.fiC!'lf.J'f.J';/J'-Q _ttc, /f'.iEIJi:c·9 o L. -3 L\ "".) tct~-§'ltc , 2

~~tO.:J 'E T' J IAf:{~ -.:J T~$GBtl9 -Q C:, F.:rl;mt.J'-:J .iE/ii: [<:: 1L:X. 0 L. C: tft: ~ -Q O.:JT9 o
z: z: C'~ G < ti~<Rn * tt fvtJ\ 5tr;:u::: O)~:f!t0)5:J'1'!J t, 1560, E3 ?.~J'f-0) ~ < (/)
~fti0)5:J'1f.i ut s -:J ~) ti 'JEm:711'!JJ e: .:~: t;fn~*-lE~t-=t-T JL- rc.lli -c ti 60 0 z: c.

~C'~*9 o 1Em:711f.i~,~~Mili~-Sr%1:J<,~~~Gfth-Q~-:Jh~ <~-.:J

T L\ ( , ft:;t=lM~O)lfjif{t: mz -Q L. C. tl'¥!iW:c·9 o ~imO)~$GBJ=l(<::..iE~~5:J':ff.;O) "ET'

JHrf.~:-3 C:, ~ ~~ 170.6cm, t~$®~ (7'-5' O.:J tt G -:J ~ (!)J\:~ ~) 5.87cm

O)JEm5:J'1'!Jl'9J bzi!-"'-QL.C:tJ'c·~*9o L.O).J:-51<:, ~~Hi~i!50'E7JL­

:>!t1~ -.:J T-3 "* ( f 7'- 5I .a: ~a}J 9 9 J t.: olf) O)~!Ji C: ~ L\~;Z -Q L. C: 'b c· ~ -Q c·
GJ:-3o
-~, --~~~ ~ ~-51-a:~~99 JL.C~7~-~~L.,k5J'~ l' 9o ~

G < ~:f!tO)f9U {t:*t1 ~ C: 12050 if(!) El :$:0)r%1:J.:f3t3 if'.~O)'f~:%:B!t:>it :tlil!IJ G -c <

ti. ~ L\J C: ~ bhtc C: ~ , ~~:!it*O):J:l~'it:tt;~IJC' ~ -Q 'E Y''JL- 'it I:lP~IUGJ, L\fi
< )di L\ t,;. L\ C' G J: -3 o L. O.:J .:1: -3 tJ:t~-§'1 tc::, ~:B!t:J:l~O) T'- 5' 'it J\7J C: G T ,
Section05 c·tt:D tc@l~~'it:f!JFF.I9 0 Ui),~IJ ;IJ'PJfjg[c::tJ:-QO.)l'g 0

2050$0)
lf~:!ll-~ld.?
•

.. - I{
2018if-*C'O)
:!ll-&7''- 91!' A.1J Gc
• 19 91li5:Nfr 1f 11" -5 c ,
tJ-tS< ..

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

041
 *le§.t t~~$!~ 0) {f \, \:5:J'-[j" 1<::-:::> \, \ T, J: 1J ~ I_; ( §;tBf.ll_; T \,\~a:; 9 o
J
*le~~~~t~~, S~k~ - ~~~t_.,--r, %~~0)ITm~~O)J:~~~~
JtdJ{~®t~0)1J' c ?tJ\ ~_., -:1 1J' IJ ~B9 ~d2:,~1J{ilb IJ a:;9 o
.z.Jvt~Mc~ttJ{~/J' ~ n~:l.J'!Y t ~_; --r l;t, tc t x.Jin&m;R~t.J{~H:r 6 n a:; 9 o

n&m;R:~ I<::di5 tc-:> --r l;t, J\Fs,O)frli.JI<:: J:-:> --r~ G tc~~ ~ ~ T' JL,I<:: ~ --r l;t~ ~
L. t /J{j;::~ t~@.W1 t t~ ~ 1J' 6 t:9 o t \,\-3 J: IJ, ilb 6 f)!:> ~i&w)R:J:E ';t L. O)@.W1
O)J:.I<::.5JZ IJ JL? l \,\ ~ C \,\? l BJ@ i3 \?'cJ:£li51) 3:: it fvo
r t;;.'tf ~ q) J:: ? t:i.~~ 1:: t:i. 9 q) '/)>, 1.183 ~ ~ ~) t;:.l. \ J ~~-r di5n,i*le ~t ~ ;f!J

ffl9 n li J: \, \O)-c9 0

. 19!J) illlfi)~~

'. i1/:iEG:J'ij Jit r:~~G:J ~ ~t.J~~#, i.J'?i!~=a:&#!!P-~ t:: r:tl'l;t. rto:i!-TG:JJ; -5 t,~:~i~Wt!:lt.::
i G:Jt.J'J c\.'·:d.::tal!l!t.J~OJm{tGI:< ~,,r.~mr:r;t., tvtit=a:-~-5 t.J;~,,

r~m~O)-~fi:tJ'6iM? t.:J ~ t. '?J::.? t~

~a!l~t,JHit 9;:: ~ n~'""C>f! 9

042
 xt G T~~~~'C',cl:, 'Jfel:!)tc =r- ~ t,t a::9fPJf.J' G 6 O)"E"T )L- ,c:::.A.n T iJ} T!!fo.
m~ ~ , ~O)m~tt~~-N G a::~. ~ GT.illO)M-~6, +*~tt~~~

T ~,,-@ f.J', !15-@ \,' (;:j:~f!~Hc::::f!Jffl~ -@t~€dc:::: 4:> fp~~f.J~ tc>: ~ ~ '5 f.J'td: c ~-gg G 3:

~. ~L.'C'FP~mi~DIJC:~IJIJJT~h(;f, a::tc :C -5")[;~1tX.T-~iE~G, ;jley~\,'<*a

-~~ G tc =c=r )[;~ 1*ffl ~-@ 0) 'C'~ o

~ lvtc>:m~~~ tc::::IPJ ~,' -c ~, '~*'f e: G -c tel:, l!Jj~O)~og~ ct.J{*'f 6n-@ -z:
G J:: '5 o ~~lc::::<IS\,\Ticl: r~B{PJf.J{7,5:h-@O)f.J'J ~"T)J!U~-@ L. C:f.J'~Fm''c::::~~

'C'~o §\, ,~X.n,i, ~~O)J:?tt:. r~ B L.O)ll'liJ6f:!f.J'7'Dh~O)Icl:cA. Jc>:~El3~

O)f.J'J ~m~L.C:'cl:~'~u:~~C'Icl:ii51Ja::~lvo -:>a::IJ, L.0)-7-;zC''cl: r~

Bfiil fJt' :;tf tl. 9 (J) fJ' J ~tiUU~ ~ 0) It:. J: \, ''E "T )t,~~§iE G T1~~g~~& 'C' ~ -@t~
~~~tJ~ffl\,\ 6h*~ 0

l§lJ) 1ii...t?ift!
~I< """"J'/)'(J)T -'Y 'lt7CI:*f/J:(J)j_ ~ l'f;ru]'lt L., t:: ~ I!JA-8'1:1;1:l1\!ill£*~'1t~? t j_ \.I

Cf:(J)7-9tC.C:.' Ol!H±!Icl:bf.l1 S fct Wt C:')

~~fd:f±.Atl~lcl: OO""'C"9 OK !

CMGtiW ••

eli)< *1:-!ffi~J 1:11'0)~ ?t~5ii*~ftfl0)17iJJ1l~'EI~~O)~,

Jtltllctm~~Jl~ttt~l,,

r-r- 1r ~ iJliiJJ 9 Q J 0) fJt""*-1tat

r7-'-1l ~7511~9 9J O)nt·~tt~iW

043
 ;: ;: -r·t.t, ~~~~ iJ~ t'O) J:? t:tl\'t~: t:O) iJ' ~ .:& ? y L ~ <~mliJ Tt·f'-rt.. 1 ~ 9 o *
~~iJ'~ ~~~:M'"? t t.t -r .:& -r .:&fii.J ~ ~~9 .Q 0) iJ'. ~aift:, -r O) _t Tf.]ilt.> -r:m:~ t:
tllt~-r- .t> .Q%~iit:"?t.. 1 '"( .:&. ~~ L 9 o *

~ t~~tJ~'~tm 'd::~-::> z: t:
••~m~~~~t~ . ~0~t~r~~~ J ~t~~~~~5~~~~t
Cl1X.a'::9o fc:CX.~i~B~;ty-{ /...ff'J~);"/-~O)fJ\ :ffih~ l \0;/] 1 0 iJ5~1t!} p.f;/J\
1) y -:J"fJ..01J 1 , -t"5~(;tfJ..l\0;/J1 0 (!5~$*-~fiJ;fifr;/J\t±j~O);/J', t±:JfJ..l\0;/]1 0
Section04 ~'it lute J: 5 ~c=. A. I!l;01J~ I;tJ\5' - "Y!W~t-'9;0~01§~~ ~ 0 rp
~t~ J m1l~~~IJ?.G J: 5 t vc~ a:: Gtc:tJ\ ct5 s ~J\5' - "Yb'~ < tJ..~~c_·
0rP~Jml'5 a::< l'b'td.. < td..-:J -c l_, a:: l\a':: Gko
·-~~t~. ~0r~~~ J ~~0~I5?.0k~~- ~a::~0 r~-~~~ J
~~;ttd.. < r ~~t~J[!;,~J t l'-3*JTtc:td..T7D-r~11)UJ A.h~ ~ t ~. 9;01:1~ ~
~I~ l_, ~ -3 t9 ~A.Im1l~l'9 o ~ ~ c· 0~-~,IGJ,~ t (;t rM;tBc·iJ5~ J t l\-:J
tc:@~~sm~~~~~-3~t~il5~. Mu-cM~~~~t~~~ B~ il5~

lii¥b'~l' J t l\ -:J tdRI!ii1b'SJG;~~ d'3 ~ tJ..-3 ~ t ~t~ u a'::9 o

Q)~l:jjjj',G')~l\8 ( ;:1:71.At}%:h~
@~8 1<l?1.A1i
0~8 1 ;:J:5K5g1:J1iii~Jl.\
%:h~

!::.
0
9/1 0
10/1 X

044
 ~~Ht , ~~HE.!J! ft: ilfi1 .:t -'5 ~ 7'' - 57 7J~f¥tt L., tJ:. ~ttHtf.i.lG 1J "51. 5 * i± lvo ffftJ'
S N:rE~t ~ tJ:.? 7' 0 -T-ft:009 ~ lilf:JE ~et&l'J * L., tctJ\ <::: lv 'c:: 5tMHiit~~tJ~-t!:!
~J!l.&l9 ~ J:? [;:::tJ:. ::>fc..O) let, ::::] / 1.::" . : l - 57 t-:> 1 /57--*'>' r- O)~}Jdt: J: IJ'

*~0)~ - 57t~ h ~M·9 ~*··~ ~~-~ffl·~~~J:?~~~k~6

~9o

L. O)N:7E*~~'~ t L' -'5? 7' 0 -T- 'c: J: ~ T ~I!UJ:.iO~~~JI~~ L., td~fflt~~~

9 ~, *~-~~~IJ* 9o~h~,·-~- ~~ - 5J~UIJ~C~$~J:~
'€JO) l'9o
:t 0) ~5!7:Ht ~ t .Aisjlet5!tc El t->-t.l L,, ~fq<H tJ:. c n' S ffl¥&~ A~ L., T 5!
~,

)J'-~t a:; 9 o ;(1 L., T --~~ let, ffl¥&~ ~~~0)~0) ;_;;~t->~2", ~ \, \f.i.l(;?J'O);;;tJ:.
cO) r~~ ~~J tL' -'5~1@C: UIJ~Ji a::9o L:O)'Mf1!1&:3i~5R61) ~ 0)1et .A isjO)f±
~c:&l'J , <:: 0) <::: t ~ *lUt :ll istatt ~,,~,,* 9 7J', ~let<::: O) 'Mf1~~0)5R61)7J~:r

J[; ::J. 1J :;(b O) 'Ii1m let * ~ <~ b ~ T L., a:: -'5 O) C: 9 o tc t .:tit J ::-; ::J" t -r ~~ 5!
1

)]'- It ~'Mff!i&:3i t L., T, r ~ 2" J -¥> rtt ~ 1 fJ:. c 'et J: 2" ~? C: 9 tJ\ r.n2" 1 -¥> r~

00 0)~61)6 ~ 2"J~~a:;l)~~~ ~~-')~t ~~ IJ *9o

-~

_I'_ :;-:-" ~~
'· -~ ~ ~ [·~ J
- ,-
') y::f l 0.9 0.6 I 091 0.1

') y::f2 0.95 0.55 0.92 0.2

1
) Y ::f3 0.92 0.59 0.89 0.1
...
0.21 0.8 0.88 0.2

0. 17 0.9 0.9 0.1

0.2 0.95 0.95 0.2

045
 5tta: c O)-fJ1H;L3::t.:Ar"'~tJ~¥-¥w~~~ ~ t->9\.. \rp~m-z: G tctJ~, l~~t<=t<l:ArJJtJ~

~Wm7J: -1 x -:!9 ~ L. t tJ~~ G l.\rp~JmtJ~~~ < i!5 tJ *9 o ~W~O) =t O)t;t,

).®~tci:¥,¥W:_m1,!:/\tJ G-r=tff-3;:: t 1J'1: '/i *91J\ ? J[;::f J A'i>.O)•!ifl§7J:[PLt

1

~it~ tc IY.l '<= t<l: r t' A. t..: !ffluta ~ Jdt .Q :fJl J tJ'~~-z: lJ5 tJ, f.l\-:::>~ O)~~t<l:A
r"'~ E! ~tJ~~ x.tcutnt;:t:tci: t; t,:i: ~.. \, e:: ~.. \ -s ~tJ~~ r- Jl-- + 'Y? *
c t,:i:-=> -r ~.. \ 9 0

7 1 - /7-.=/?'tJ~5RJ;Eff.H<=WfG \..\ t ~ntc ,~t;t, L. L. 1<=1J5 tJ *9 o ~W:

ii:~~tl<=~ GT, -T-Iy tJ\ t;{PJ7J:~f'i&:l: t 9 ~«'/i f.l\, 7 JL; :j' 1J 'A' b. :fJf~ 111 "['

~til1: ~ .Q PJ1l§t11J'lJ5 ·:>tctJ\t; 1:9 o L. n';tJ \/y- /~~t->~~~O)jtfl, ¥-iW

~~~(:: \.. \-:> tc L. tL* 1:0)7-/y /\tJ O)m'~~ 7J::;*;::'/i < j~.Qf.l\ G * Gteo
71 - / 7 - -= /?'tJ'T"-/y 1,ffll1~9 .Q G <#I<=-:::> \..\ -r 1;1:, Section341:~

G < Mm G *9 om~~"""(' I;:!:, jlj~~ti"ljgO)rPJ..tlc:::l;t~W:;tt<: *-=>b.Qit{ r- J[;+ 'Y

?tJ'*tc7!-:> TE tJ, 7 1 - / 7- -=>71J'~O)M5,RO)*DI<=tc:i: tJ? .Q, t \..\
? ;: t *-r~~;t -rEl.\T <t.:~ \, \0

Hitt~ ~~
~~tilir~(])~cmon c:- l. 1-@
1~w;w~
"fflBI;:::Al. '~i'ZJ'f.* (5' 1-t') t.J\'4 -:>iii)-@

046
 ~~*~ - A-~AI~~~~m~~k~~~ff·~~~~k~~t . M~
m:~~ (' ~l!l~IH<::-:J\,\~~fu ~~*~teo t8 Gtc~~ , -r ~c·~I~~ * ~o

1 952:$-~

· 7"- 9iio:l~'l';i:t- '· ~NSttt.::11!J~&o:lO'J..A/J

· m&~T~~7o7~A~~~.~<.RI';i:~~L~
Wfl11;i:t.J1 ::>t.::

1 974:$- ~

· YES/NO!l~It~.WF~~t.J1'J\9 - ::dr!1Ui
· J\9- /o:lf!>t!JHtlc-::>mll!W-Hi<i~

1990:$- ~

· 7'- 91.J'S~~i[~H!Jtil L ~:kjii<:~OZJ.il><t

· ~~10!:~\l:gfi.JI'ill!Lt-'

I5U±
· 7-'- 91J1 S~~i!; ;a: EIIJJ~HII til
. )./J O) ;lg~;a:~;t~OJ~~ii

p
J

047
 10
~~·~~~-~-~~fit··~~fi~~~*~o·~~AI~ft~-A~~~
fJ' c? fJ>, ~~I. '11 rAI~~~I:f-tfl ~ tl.~ll:HitJ 0)~? t.l: 7 v -;;tt:?l. \ "t:;l§ ;it~
t ~ ~ c·. ~? "tts <t~l::lz:.?~iilii~~l. \"t"G J: ?o

E.A.I~Ii~1J~'~5Fl~~ti, 5~~~1!._
AimM~~~~~tt~*~~t~m~~~- 4?~~§ ~~~~~~~
tii!b o *9 ~*~<=7 - 5' tfff:tt:9 ~tJ'. ®7- 5'tJ~+n'lc:i!b~tJ'. ® 7-
0

5' tJ<Jl:S:I¥JtJ', @:flUH!iO)J®~tJ<t>tJ'G tJ: <T :t J: \, 'tJ'. C'9 o *9'cl:"f~~­

~~~~G • .Z.:h-t':hO)~~~ Jill'H<::~IWGT\,'~ * G J: '5o

CD~~%:: 7 '- 5' if 07''- 9 tl !JJ-T'- 9 tf ®tiMfiO)~'tttlbh"3

ff:{fcJ'.Q;i)l T5J'{;:::if;).QfJ' /:t~e'91JI fd:<"(-l:J~l,\;1)\

048
<Dl®* lc:: 7 - $' tJ~1-HE9 ~ iJ'
9~~-~~~~k~~~-~-~-~J®~ID:r- 5~~•9~~~~*m
(]) 7-5 (c::::X19 .Q~H!'i~ .:Y;~u~~'J~ 7 JL- :J' 1) A.b.. ~9 o -f::(J) tclsl), ~:ft(;:::~ ~
tc ~ ~ (J)t,s. 'v \~~~7- $' (J)~f.jlf.Nd. \. \B (J) (;:::Jj L T ld:, 5J'~J'i:t.:Yi~IJ:t ~ ~ *
"ttfv o
~pti:'WJJ~?JHf .Q ~, <lb ~J'£~1;::: ;f.)\,\ T. 9~1;::: 7-$' tJ~1'¥tE9.@ r!Jltt (f)~

5i(f)~$ft~1l.!l'5J (;:::;f.) \,\~ ' ~-~ ~li +?tlc:::~g :;i] ~~f$9 .Q ~ 2:tf~~ *
9 o L f.l' ~ rt.fi ~ P • • {!:~1m~ t.: ~'8-(f)7CJ:~;11JJ 2::: 'v' -::> tc F"~Jm(;::: ~g ~ T 1;:1:,
~~'T - $' ~ t,s. .Q rif ~ \.. '~*~ ~1*.1 ~ tc 2::: ~ (J):;'E.1.~2~J ;/J{t,s. \, \ fct1J , f iJffl

*
t.J{lt ~ \, \ 2::: \, \ ;{_ 9
0

~a r<~:5nilm 2s'c tc:IJ's

7/1 26'(
7/2 32'(
""0 71 .A1i?'Ctt~ l"L- J:?

7/3 30'C 0
7/4 23'C X
••

~8 1 <1:5 Lil_.,, 71.A'fr

?'5-??c~?A-te

28'ctC:Itc', 8~Ut
51llL 11J'S:ffitl~1.J'=f>t}

049
 ®-r- 5 f.J{+ )J'-iC:: 31:> ~ i.J'
ttl~~~iC::<f.:> \YC !jH;: 7-5f.J{ r31:> ~J C:: L' -5 tc W""C'it1'+7J'-fJ:7- .At
*
31:> IJ * 9 o -:J IJ L. 0)!~"8-lt r+~ t: ifl.Q '11' J C:: L' -5 ,~t.J{m:~<:>9 o
7''- 5 ~t.J<+7J'- C:: \,' ~ ~ i.J' c -5 i.J'It, 3@1ffl9 ~fp,JmO)JjE~)j'~-T-5 iz 'Y f-.
O)-~~IJ*~< W ~IJ*9o C::IJb~. ~--T - 5ft~~cA~9~-T-5
t.J{*~ ~.,,-?- - A """C'it. -rn~nO)? 7A C7J'-~9 ~:xt~) O)-T-5tJ{~=ftJ' s
~7J!f!{lz."""C'~'~"""C'31:> ~ C:: §btL T L' * 9 o
ili~<:>~. ~~5 - ~~f-.~O)®."""C'31:>n~~~~~~k~~*~O)-T-5

~-~"""C'~*9o *k~- b~c. ~Nt<IJ~L~ff9~L.C::~~-~~m

t-T - 5~0)!ii'f*t.J{ L ~9L\fc61J, ttl~~~O)f~ ~)J'-!JC:: §-=> T ~ \,\"{' L J: -5o
-~ <:>. -T-50)A~~~75 ~~C::~-:>TL*-5ft!J~. -rt-t-:531:>*1J
V'~~~~ lc::~L. S tc~: L 'J~~ ~:J& -5 W~r"""C'it, -T-5 ~O)jdJ: ~tJ'~~O)~ f-. J[.,
~ 'Y? C:: ~~~"8-t.J{31) 1J * 9 o

, ..........
- - - - - - ·-·-1-

. / 1 '\
~
=--- ••• - .
--- -
••
• ··-1---
. 1-
-· r---
o- ·-· -· ... . ... ·-· ..

::J/t:::J. - 5'..t-r:·
Bq-T-5'1f 7-5'<7)f&j~ [;:~:tJ1f
'flfi~ttTt, ~~--+1~~
<~JlJ&L-7''-5'~ 1J'1J1 ~--+ I;:l(1f£,~
E&iWZ"~~--+13~

050
@7- 5 t/'fE. ~It:Jc·35 .o JJ'

- ffi!.!:Ir:Jrc:::, t~.filt!'F~OJJ\t±:lJ:J-T' - 5 rct~frn:T~~ n T \,\ .o£,~ tJ'35 'J *9 0

-f: 0) tc (Sf) , ~1rn:T~i:ttJ: l- \'fE.t:Eit:ltJ: 7'- 5 (1i~ rc::: *- -:J b .0 -r·- 5) fc:: :tJ G T
•~*H~~m9.o=~ ~n5~~ m~~¥- ~ ~~~ G~~n~~IJ*- it
Iva td:: :tf;f r35 .0 +t - r::·.::z OJU~i[ieyfE~~ rP.l..t ~it .OJ C: \,\-3 ~l!U~!rc:::t~Mill:~
1§1 ~~ffl G J: -3 C: G td~!5, t±:l J:J ~ ru;g:;f.tij.JE~OJrP.l..tJ C: l- \-3 'f£.1·i!t:JtJ: ~ m
fJ' 5 ru~if.tiJ.lE~? /7 - I-- O)~frn:tJ'OO~..tJ C: l-' -::Jtc:<E:S::It:J~~lJHc::~ :t
.0~~~35-00J<:'9o -f:O)fc(Sf),r0~T' - 5~5~~0)$·0)~rP.Jtt ~ ~ (Sf)

tc l- \J tJ: c.· C: l- \-::> tc'fE•Jilt:Jb'-:J :<ES:It:JtJ: 7-5 rc:: ~ttl! 9.0 ~ C: 1J'H G l- \MVHi:OJ
Mi.krcl:, 35 *- 'J 1~~ C: fc!: l- \ :ttJ: l- \ <:' G J; -3 o

:€1'1trl~7'' - 5'

~.§6A(7)1.-.-i::::' ::J. - jf~l\'->9~ 8/10

&_;~ \'(;Jgj)\~ fc.o
~t.:El 2/ 10
tc.tc., ts* IJ~t.::§Hd:. <t<>~ \O)c, ft" 3/1 0
~9 ~·~ C: L: 0 l;l:GJ<~ GTW.: G ~ 'o

@'Ji[ffijO)J.@l!i:tJ'b f.J' 5 tJ: <T :t J: \,\ JJ'

~ 5 G fcl:, Section9 (:: :t~IUJ:.Oit\1 /I-- <:'9o t~~~i§lrcl: , ~§1 -T'-5 ~ A

)J Gtc C: ~OJ tf:l)J :tJ'lE'*fC::Jlil- \f[~H<:::tJ: .0 J: -3, "ET' J[_,~ Ell!JT1W~1t (~1§1) 9
.o ? WJ" 'J _:::(L T 9 c~ §ili 35 'J * 1§1) a -:J a::. 'J , £, -g· G:t .AJ3, 0) ,~, ~ 0) J: -s rc:: :J:tE
IDl!i:tJ'Jit C: fcl:~.N 59\ -f: OJJ.@~ ~ .5?. T :t tNWI:tJ'b JJ' 5 tJ: l-' ~ C: 1J'?9 l- \ OJ c ·9 o
-f: OJtc (Sf)Mti!X!'Fi§ic·ws%~~~ G tc C: GT, r35tJ:tc r;:J:O O C: \, \ "3W9~T35.0 PJ

1lli'I1 1J' ~ l- \ c· 9 o G fJ' Gt.NOOr;:J:b tJ' I) *- it lv 1 C: l- \ -5 *.6§ffiitJ't±:l.O fJ':t Gn *-it Iva

~ n -c· rct ~?.~, !\~~*f*l1~~ tt ~ ~ e: :t -c·~ tJ:\,\ T G J:: -5o ~ OJ J: -:;, rc:: , moo
fJ\~~(:: fJ:.O:ft£§ffii:tJ'£<~?:tJ::5J'~ rc:::B \,\ T, M~!'F~ O)iff c·*a§ffii~ t±:l 9 ~ (:: f;:J:~

Gl- \O) c·9 o te te GJ1i4f;:J:, ~OJ rp~Jm rc.::J:;J- 7[1 9 .0 tc (Sf) rc::M~!'F i§IOJ'Ji~t.N t9!1~
PJ:f.5W~9 .o:m:9EtJ'1'Jb n -z- <lB 'J, ~13dci:1'J YJ.J rc:: ;~m -c· ~ .o PJf:l~1itf35 'J *9 o

051
 ~~*~· ~*~*~U·~~~~~~~-~~*A~~*G~. ~~-~-·
1: • .:r A ~~.tst~~tiJ.lit£ c·~J::? l:)li.lfl ~ n ·n' ~ ~tJ' • .:r~•~J ~ Ji -r~' ~ *
G J:: ? .

·-~-~ ~ffl-~ t G-r . *~~~~~ti ~¥~6 h*~ oAM~ 1B~

13i1J*O) ~~~ v r \,\~!K¥FI3%:t:lfl~ 11K¥F13~I<>E>&,3\ t ~ bh -cd31J. -rntn1
li: 13 mtl3.1~1.J{ t> tc 6 ~ ,~Jj lcl:::k ~ \,\ ~ C' ~ o
-r lvtJ: 13 jjj~~~c~:. 3-:::> O)~*-r:m~JX 6 n -r \,\ *~ o mJmr.H&O) T'- $' ~ :tJ
)1. 7t-'-E ::..rij· - -r:E!>I.t~~ ~ r~:m J. T'- $' ~7f; lt:~XO) tbff'~ 5~):E~ ~ r*IJ!t'T J,

5R:li::6 ntctbfi=~f'J ? tdsi:J0)/\'7-l-- [.,-{ /t-' ;z 77 1) /?.O)i!Jij~~~l'-5 ri~

fi=J -r~o a~ilt::.F~IcJ:, .::nss-:::>O)~~-rn-i:'nc-;3~1.J{~~ffl~n-r\,\*~o
13i1!~~7.ffflt:d31, \'""(~1il\TitH <: 1) - ~ G T \, \~ ~ 1 ''J 0) 7 ?T'-{ -¥' )1. )[,iz T' ;z

«- / ''J. 7 ;<. :tJ 0) =r ;z 7 tc~: e:: 1<~: 2o2o 1f1-tf7Jm-r 13 mn~~ L- «-J L- 4 c~.&;E.I 'J
1
)

7 pg('O)je ~§liJ~~ ) J.IP.!Z~ 13 ~~;::~ ~1-r \,\ ~ * 0

'!'IJ!fli
-~~m~~cc~ ----~--~
!ll't~5"-f1"~ ':1 ?
? ·:; / U
~~~rrl!l~@i

lfi!Jtilll
-I:?- J~.:f-$t}Jl¥~il~H:;

·---· ~~)ILI~~I!ii~Ht;
m'l-'~t.J: c~rmt~-:!1..~1;::
~btU.: 1-- JI,?lfiiJil!ll

052
~ ~i!fi:tUxfl~_~_~_ __
~:iffi~miJO)~fH<:;!Bl\T :t.~.fflt~~O)~tc9~lifU:IJ{:7\:~ l\c ~n Tl\*9 o

mm~O)~~~~~~-~s•*~~ - ~~~~- &•~O)§~~*~O)s~

~ra,t->7-1 J-: 1J >7~raVJ: c: ~~J001t9 ~~:iffi*~r;J!U G, f~~O)i1.J I) ~X.~

-{~~7~~-~-~9~~c~~$~-ffi~~~~~~b~9o*~~~
/\ - 7$ili~f'Jbhtc~~~~i. ~~ ~ ~ blc::: J:: IJSll.l~ra,:IJ{~::l\:25%, 7
-{~~~7~~~~%~~-~ G *Gko

• xi!~llliJc<55FF.I <! n '@~~*~

20% 80%

•
80% 20%

)~;fflfJ~·
E.:.Sfd:\,\ I

053
 ~~'a:;§f21':ffl'<:~0)6!> ~ il'!i~ ~t&bfci: \,' tc. ~. .l:~~ffl!f! \, '~lll1i'""Z:' IT {~tJ'1'Jb

h k~~~~. ~~. ••~• ~O)miDtt~~<. ~ ~~~ *~*~•~~~

fJ.A h S hT\-\ *~·
-t 0)$ 0) 1-:J tJ\ 1J 7 J[; 'i -t.Ld--L-- - t-: -r9 . m:tt. 3r:iM!fm~0) 1J 7 J [;'i -t

b. I-- L-- - t-: 0) 90%~..t tJ~ ~ .::z -r b. '<=- ~~~ i§:bh -r t-' *~ . z: z: -z:fr:bh Q
O),a:, ~$;0)fllljm-:r-v -r- O):!i~r->. r- L---5'- tJ'fiJ m ~ ~ -r -7 =n; [;m~tJ:
~~.A~ ~ G k~-~~o L.O)~- ~~t). ~-O)fllljm:!i~~~- G, -~~
'i-t ~/.,·~;u~ ~~O)-z:9. nox_ --c Jli:qo~ ,c~:. ~ m '<=-~f*O) J5~=.:r.- .::z r->

S~O)~~fci:~0)~ ~7~ - $'~.A ~ ~ G k , ~S~~ ~· -~0) ~ .1.~ $

~~~~~ h T \,\*9•

L
+
QOI

~~m~
:it~~~~ . ~fflti.:)5t
~-7"·;; H\UIR

l'¥~v#- i--
:it~~Ut · ~fflt*:55tv #- 1--
=.::t - :A
SNS

054
 ~.iMJ:flfH<: :t~~~~tJ~fiJffl~h Tl\ *9 o it~I¥JtJ::tO) C:: uT , ~N 6ht.::

•.iM~6~*~*~~~-~~~0)~~~~-~~Au~fi9~~c~ - ~
7 :t IJ ::t) O)~:tRtJ'=~~H1 6 n* 9 o

Kensho:f±O) rwarrenJ l<l:~W.$~§E~ut.:-{«::..; ~t-'~*~*tJ:~~O){jffi;fft

~-~« - ~~6, ~O)-{~::..;~~~O)~mO)mm~~u-c~~~m9~~,

C:: l \ ? tdi3~1~H*~~M.H<:~lfu *9 o -f:O)t.::l!!) r~5ffiflffimtJ'00 %~~u t.::

~-8-0)~tr;i001<::M9 ~~~l<l:? J C:: \,\? t.:=f- t' •;; ~ ~O)Fp% \-8-t:>itl<:: ~ uT

l'lP*9 ~ <:. C::fl'~'t! ~O)""""C'9 o

IJ.}(illlfil!i:f:§f.J~O% """F~ LA.::tg"§

~tiliA ld:O% """F~l-ao9

055
 ~ - ~~~~7®~$® 1 ~~ ~~ ~~~~~0*~0 ~~~~~t~. M
~~~~~~ - ~~~~~~~~~-ft®~t~~o·-~~~~~~ ~ ~~
~~:,;:~:, M~®ttl.l'J~~Dlfil! id:c®~11t . ~n*-r®~~~c~~.A:t.Jt G-c
7 Jta·'J A'b.~~~2"tt, Jm~~ ± ®~ftz!J[~.D~®? 7~55H~~~~;~uG*
~ o Amazon"t> YouTubet.;: c 2" * ~ *t.;:Web~ - t: ~I: !.b.:<~:&. Ldc, !JftE.:t-:;,
t .:t.AJ,z ';: t-:;, T :!lii'Jlit.;:M·~~Y Jla' ') A.b. (f) 1 ~ t \,\X.~\: G J; 5o

-- -- ~ il!l!i!*1/~pi'J~I
__ .... ....... ~-·
~ --~- -------- ,..
......... ... ........... ...
Ollri:.rt.JfcY.;.Q ....
rM!ri:.l1/tJ: ~ 1

-r®,a;i.J', ·l~lft~~~i.J'~IJffl2"nT\,\~~-~~~ ~-?':T.l'~t GT, Weblli:

15-~® El !IJ~ \,\f1 lttJq¥' 'f 6 n * ~o mt£, Web$15-~0) mti.A ';: ld:, DSP
(Demand-Side Platform) t IJiJZ'in~ Jm?'O:Jf~:iti.J'$ < !*ffl2" n T ~ 0, ~~I:

·-~~tJ':t.J~~:IiG Tl-,~®1:~ o
lm7LH<:ttl2" n~J.b.:~~'<: ld:, M~®11J.liJ-t>~tflliid: c ®~1itJ'1'.t:I.JD2" n T~
0. J.b.:~~~ -rnS®ffl.~.:tt~.A~G*~o .A~~~k-:;,T~. ~*®!.b.:
~~6~.AGkM~ffl-~c~-~G*~o7~7 ~ ~?~ -~~~=~ -~3
~A.Id:, ·-~~~fiJfflGtc rscibidsJ t\,\5~-~~~fiJFF.lGT , ~®~5

t.;:M~I! 0)5~~ ~ ~)00{~ G, ftt*IJ: Web~ -~T" ~ ~ 7@~ :t:i-tJ'~'J-:;, T l-' tc.
1'1=~~1~~ G T\,\~®1:~ a

~-f3t~61P~5:t~c iT 1~t'loT1~tJ'itGJi~6nT\,\< ~tiL.~ 0, ·&t~

~';t~n*c.l.-).lJ<:5~ffl2"n T \, \ <~ G J:: 5o

056
 3~

ifti~*c, M~~~t->7'4-:15-=:.;?'!;:~

~~~~~~~~~~~<:~*~~~ ~~~
S !ci:~~O)ml~I~~!;: 7 :t -1J :::Z ~ ""Ct,,~a=;

~0 ~O)r.::~!;:ta:, ~f*O)':J-?7D-1J'SEl

~e: :::1'-JvO)~~~- ~1*~~¥~nt->~.t~~~~

,r#?..~c.·, <:!*~·a::~~m1J'SI!A4~ <:t,,<tf{~~

1Jf9)~0)C'~ 0
 12 --~~0)
~*'7-?70-
~ T- I.t, ¥*C: ~ {,::,- .:::z 7.L..mJ~0)'7-? 7 r:l - ~~ -n ' ~~ t... J; ? o .A 'r:J.:J..-
JL-O):Je!f&~~UO)~fi!6?~ c:·&-~~.::. c: 1.1~ <s ~J ~ 'ttJ~· , " 1:: ·;t ., .::·c: 1: 1 ?T.?
MrutVt"\.' ~ ~'t o

~~ ~ ~ :.; ;z -T 1>. 0) I~MH:J:, J.M m0) :.; ;z -T L..:d*l9H:: : tt>''-', :P J ~.t :J. 1) .A 1>. 0) )g
~r>tttftlt~~O)ttfllirP:J_tO)t.::61J t<=~1'T£1f~t.J{?? <, 7o -tz ;zra~~ * t.:: 1.. \fc~~
I) CMW:~tL~?T~ I'J@: 9<:C:) t.J{#~(..;~g \.. \ C \,\.::{_*90 7: 0)t.::61J~7

Diz .A~ B~9M OO~-W~W~9~<: c:~•~~~I'J *9o

tcti G <: <: l'm~tc>: <: t tel:, r ~;R G t.:: L\rp,Jmt.J{::r :t::r :t~~~ ~ t<:::[P)L\T
\.. \~0)1.J'c? 1.J'J ~ ~Wi i<:::~~J&61JT<ffi <<: t l"9 o tttttl£~~1<::: J: I'J 1~ 6n~-T
)!'!~ tel:£, 9 G 'b.iE G L\ P 't l'tcl:<l51'J *it Iva rP~ltFH<:: J:? T lcl: Section04 l'!l)( I) _t
t1tc I ::t- .A /\ - 1-- :_; .AT .b.~ flj ,EF.j G tc t~? tl't;J]'f¥-t.J' d:: L \~-8-tc>: c 'b 35 ~ tc 61),
*9'1cl: r{lBO):P/ D-7- Icl:tc>:L\t.J'J O)~B~£,9fiL\* G J: ?o

M :::t'7 - ? 7 D -

@J\1 J\-
;\=j;;< - 5(])
®f'.&:fflt~~ 7-:::J. - =/7'
7 )[,::f'IJ :J.'J.,.(j)
~tR
<l»jj~U~*(})
~ruft::~flllj
®7- 5(])
f,§~t::~~M:
I/::;;=7 1)/7'

058
CDr",UO) :J:Eiti~
~~~~0) ';.;A 7 .Am!~~ 9 .Q t \,' -? ;: t (i, r f. ''J 1-- ~Jl&""t'~~~ :tf!lt-> iJ
tc \, \j ro~~~J!t~ iol..t '-' tc \, 'J tc~: cfPJ;/J' '-' 13 0) § fl'gtfil'b .Q 'cl:9-r9 ~~'=¥'
0
3
~~~dJ.Ifl iJ T § fl'g~)lpjG9 .Qtc61J';: ';t, r~~~~-r c fvtc~:·~~~~fc\,\0);/J'J
~~'f*fj'glt:Wi'?""f~1T:ii5X..~< T';i:\,\'ta::ttfvo ~~~~""t''i~lt:, 31(61)""(\,\

.Q =t 0);/J{fp.J;/J' (i.: J:? T, A.t±1t.J9 .Q-T- ~ ;/J' 13? J L- ~ 1) A.i.xO)~J'Eit:~ .Q a:; -r

0)9 «-T;/J{~b.Q tc IY'), ~:fJJO) J'Er\:1tf.J{~ ~-rd5 .Q t \, ,x_ a:: 9 o

. .

®~A 7 .!.\aigf
';.;AT .Lx~~tiL.cf.:>\,\T(cl:, ~~~~~0) ~~~1*\-,td~:-f*t IJTO) 7 D-~:15
X..a::9 o ~(L.7-~ ~ c Z:;/J'13l&f~ iJ T , :wJI~(JkJ(L. C-? \,\? tdlj""t'~IJ.Ifl9 ?;:,0)
~~*~iJ?~'?t*61JT<f.:> (Z:c~ , 0) ~0)7DtA"Z'~-~-~~~O)~

f'J*~~~;/J{fj' \,\-\-'9( ~'? a::9o

@7-$'0)!&.
~~~~:;.; AT.i.x,L.cf.:>\-\T, ~~-\->.:Y;J!U 't:~IJ,EF.J9 .Q7 - ~0)~~(ci:/I'PJ?zid:
~~~-r9 o §l)J';/J{~~? T\-\.Q-T - ~ ~5'H<::=t, '15~Jft->:IE~tJ{~Im iJ T \,\.Q
7 - ~~, ~ ~~-f.~f-~13~· 1J k7- ~~~Jfi9.QZ:C~""t'~a:;9o ~

~5' -f. "J r- 1J'S7-5' ~~-9 .Q :tJ$ 1<:: -:J \,\T,iSection13-rMm~J a::9 o

059
 @;t~~!:F~? Jv:rJ .7-:'.AO)iltR
1

J.lffl9 ~ FP~m!IC -8-biiT' ~giji(J5 I) ~1§jl (@J;!i 0

):H~JD ?~gijitJ: G ~1§jl ' ~Sl:

1t:~~tJ: c 0.:>-&~i? JL- :r .:;(b.l:J' G~tJJtJ: :t 0.:>1:~lf"* 9 0

1
) ? Jt.-:J" 1) A.b. ~c icl:
-'Ch~n¥-JWtJ'65-@ tct1J, J:. 2" -'C -3 fJ: :t 0.:> 1t \,\ <-:Jl:J' 1:::· "J ?? "J 7 G T~ GT
(}). *9 o fJ:E1-t~ft:JtJ:? J[.,:J'' 1) A'b.icl:~4~c·*Bfr GT \,\ *9 o

@~- 9 0)~- ~ M~~ I~Y=7~ ~ ~

~~~~ 0.:>1'!J:~grP:J_H: icl:, c 0) J:. -3 tJ: 7 JL-:J" 1
) A.b. 1t;f1Jffl9 ~ l:J':t 11t~c·9
l:J\ c O.:>J:. -s tJ:-T- 5' 1: .A.J:J9 ~l:J':t ~ G <G \,\Ell~c· 9 o :r JL- : f 1
) A'Ll:J'~
~tl&~ *
L. C: CD-c~~ -T- 5' O.:>JTji.\;lcl:)R -:J T \,\ ~ tc.t1J, J]IJO.:>%It-c£&1~ 2" n~

-~~~~-9-@~~~651)*90 "*k·-~--c~, -T-5'0.:>--:J--:JO.)ffl

§O.:>L.c1t¥-JW~C:~lf*9~, I&~~~~¥-fW~1f-'f0)"**9~T~fflGJ:.

-3c9-@c~~-:JT~mtt~~~~9-@•-8'~651)*9o -'CO.:>kt1J, *~~~

•~ 0.:> ~IJ fl#it->J]IJ O.:>%n""-O.:> ~~, fi~O.:>¥-fWm 1t *J3.(}).'8-bii tdJftc tJ:~f~~ 0.:>
1:P.lGtd: c 1tff\, \, J:. I)~-~-?)[., :J" 1) ;(Ll:J''fi~g;;r§E~ [.; ?9 <tJ:-@ J:. -3 ~;:
m.J:m (~1*J]i.I:/SI'.::.y 1
) yi_;J") 1fff\,\*9o 1"t~fl"JfJ:m.J:m7J$(C::-:J\,\T~cl:

Section14 c·m~ G "* 9 o

r~ -.
~~ + ~~

1'1'\/l- 1118 l.

• 41(
....
I I
... t~ s:
T = 'Et1J

060
@=E7)~0)~~

!&~ ld.:::~~T'-?1 ~fljffl Lt T, tti.fllX~M"ET'Jt-~~~c!tta=:9 o t~&s St A

7 .b.O);ftij~~'<=llR 6 9\ ii:fflFt¥.1~eHf:t*tftdc::::JflZ~c!ht.:::T'-?Il'"ET'Jl-O)~M

~~~9 ~ <:: c tfil5 'J 3:9o~L$:1¥Jid:~§l0)::1J)!,iSection15, 16l'fil1t.ID'G Lt 3:9 o

cv.:;;;J!IJm~O)~!if e: ~filii
-TlU*El*iJ{t±:lt.::: I:?~IDf.;Js J: lfff1illi~ ~'Jl ' 3:9 o ~llt'JH<=fiJffl Lt t.:::~l~d<: c 0) <
6 \,\O)'tj:ijgt:J~l!Jl~~l'E ~:b'~D~ <:: c ,;:~:, StAT .b.O)Ji:ffl'<=dBl'T :t.::k:~~~l'
9o 3:k, ~~l'il5h~~biJ:~tt~~~ O)k~@O)~·-I~~=?~~7
a=:-cn:-s~? -r~f'J~~l% Lt a=:9 0 t.:::tc. ~_;, :r Jt- :::f 1J A'.L>.,;t&.& ~_; -r ~,, <'<= -:Jh,
~~'J~~~O))l:i:t:J,<::X'J9~'li~g~ ~O) ~U13-t.J'!]'~ <t~?TE*9o .:Z:O)t.:::~, r*
ffl~95%0).mJ.ttiil5h';f~ 6 fci:l-' J c l,\? tdJ 5W I) 7-1 ~~:1E6t)T ;Js <£~~
:f.J\ cl5 'J a=: 9 o ~~IE c ~ijl{iffi 0) 15* ';t Section17, 18 -r fW ID'G [.; a=: 9 o

@J\1' J'\-J'i.? ~ -~ O)=f- 3. -='/J7

rcv-T J!!U*S~O)~ill c ff{iffiJ ~~'tT' 1'!~~ ~0) t.:::61) :r Jt-:::f 1
) :;(b. l<=t~:tE
9 ~{@:O)-fil'ii5~J\-1 J\-J\7 ;.< - 5 ~~~Lt 3:9 o J\-1 J\-J\7 ;.<-5 I<:
-:J \,' T li Section19l'fil1t.ID'G Lt 3:9 o

@~A740)ii,EJ.I

~.fflX~~"ET' Jt-1<: +7:l'tJ:11~gt.J't±:l t.::: 6 S; A 7 b. '<:*'13.cl7-~di, Jiffl ~ Ft¥.1~11 [.;a=;

9 o t.:::tc Lt ~.fflX.i:F~ St A 7 b. -c li, ~fflFt¥.1~ffN':I*;I%1¥Jtc:i:tUgO)~~iE:fJ'/fPJ ;z
l'9 o lj)(~~h~T'-?10)1i'fif:b'~bh';f~J.t"ET'J[.,O)~~t.J'£'~'<:tc:i:~ <:: c :t
cl5 'J 3:9 o a:: t.:::~fflOO~tsff:t -=t:T''Jt-0)~~~*4*i\\% Lt T 1. '~~i~d<: li, Section22
0) 7 -1- ~ J'i>;;? Jt- -7t.,: c.-c-=t:T'Jt-O)·ti~gt.J'ftf"f9 ~ <= e: :t c15 'J a::9 0

061
 -~~~~~~~~~~ . 7~ ~ ~XA~~E·~~~fi~~~~~-~~~m~
~&·~fi~PJ *~ o .:.~i!?~ 3 ;...- -ct;t ~ * ~*~ ~ -~~~f~/J)ii:?I.'TM~
l.-TI.'~*~ o

7- $' :a:!l>(f~9 -b /5} ft (: u-r - 1i!Ht::~ ;z StL -b(7) lei:. ~ ~-c: 7-'-11 ~~~~l~

~~(: ~ 9 o~~~-~~~~~(7)~~:a:M*9-bk~~--~-:a:~ffl9-b
~~~~.0~~ 7- 5 :a: ~B9-b~5~ u<~:a:~-b~,::~.~~§ ~ ~ ~?
t.:::·~~- =£: 7 Jl- :a:1'FP.X:-z- ~ *9 0 uil' 1_, , § 7J'""Z"~2~9 -b il' s ~ ~5.i~ 1_, t.;":
~1nlt~ st.;':~ ,,~:t d5 ~a:: 9 0 'fJ.f tc::l-.X""f(J),~ I<=;J:~ 1_, a:: 1_, J: 50

. +~t67-~·1.i'fiif*"t'~~1J'
~~~S 7- 5:a:U~9 -b-~(:X ~~ § ~""Z"7-5:a:~a9-b~~~~ .
r 7- $'(7) ~~~~ ~-bM00 J t~-~An-b ~~~~~*9o~(: l_,""(, d5
-bD~ iJ{-iJ- t" 7. :a: ~~*1 9 -b PJ1l~tt :a:M~~ ~ lW~ f5~U9 -b ~ (: :a: ='15' ;t -r ~ *
1_, J: -3 o if:ra, ~1tf 1_, il'M*"J il{~ Jj:: u tci: \- \t~ -;§1 1<:: ~;:!:. 5 if:ra, !J)(~ 1_, tc (: 1_, -r :t it
\,\if\, \~+1tf~¥JJr U iJ'~ *~a:: it fvo

• ~!:f:l"t'~1*tJ'~b? tc'T-~ "t''ct~l. \fJ'

7- 5 Iil{+~-rd5? t.::: ,:: 1_, -r =t , ~lci:Jm 9l'!l>(f~$.~ti~{t 1_, -r 1_, a::? -r
l-\tc, (: ~\-37"- 7. iJ{(!5 ~ 3::9 o t.:::(:;t l;f, mt~7Y7- I-- Icl:~tiffi ~Mit::~ ~
x-J~O)ifi~J!-\!>7 Y-7 -1--:J!l[§~il{~{t 1_, ""( \,\-b ~ (: il'~ ~ g:; -g o 3:: t.::: -E Y +t
(7)7-5 1c1:. t Y -iJ (7)1lz.~ t>~tci: ctJ'/1'~ --c' ~? tc ~,:: :a:m~9 -b~'~tJ'~ ~

a::9o

062
 ~~fft->:Li?Ji~l;t, f*1i G T ~\.Q'T - -$7 «- A~-1 /-$7 -f. 'Y t-- tJ: c~~lff.l G
-r ~' .Q ~-8-t.J'(!5 IJ * 9 o ;:. ? ~' -:J tc T'- -7 « - A ';t ~ <O)t~-8-, fri&t->:lf~)3
i!J, ~filifli7f~tJ: c c·flj!f.l9.@;:. t t/-<: 2 .Q J:?, T'- -$7 IJ[ El t.J'Jf.~ G T ~\ a;_ 9 o

"*k1/-$7-f.~t--W~~~~2-Q-~~~ T'--$7~, ~~ B t->~a~J: -:JT

T'-'7 0)* b1)0)~rtt.J{~tJ: -:J -r ~\.Q~-&t.J{~~\BO)O), T'-'7 «-At G-r

~lff.l~n -r ~ \.Q :t 0) 'a::* t 6f.>O)~rtt.J{*fe- ~ n -r ~ \.Q :t O)t.J{~ <, m. ~ ,t->9 ~'

T' - -$7~(15-Qt~~.Q~G~?o T'-'7« - A~~~~2-Q~MtGT~, k

t ;ut E3 ;;fs::i&Jfft.J'fh -r l' .Q*1t~H~1!tO)*a~~ a:: t 6fJ tc re-StatJ t->*~0) ~
*
~~itO)*a~~ t 6f) tc rcensusJ tJ: c t.J'(!5 IJ a;. 9 o

fiOINJ~t· )

it?DY-9~"
(
t:IML~,~....,......_
I
[ .....,.,.,..
...••••tt I
·-
~

II _:_:-~.. 1 I ..._ .....

..... ...I~.....,, ~

e-Start iE;!l:/ffl\ft5tO)IRl"8-~D (https://www.e-stat.go.jp/)

CeliS~~ Q SearGh

_ .. _ Dl'O._CW'.. ........ ~-- _Qo... , _ _ ,....•• 011(11 • .,.,. . .

....._.... ~""'

~· J. 329,177,519

;,;; 7,582,741,540 -

r :;i. 'J t.J"8-~0000~Fill~il\-.t.~-Y (https://www.census.gov/en.html)

063
 1/5'-f. ·;; H cl:., @i{~ · !JJ@i · E13Pf ~~ci:.G ~c L.dc~l.l~~tJ:-T- 5i.M~

fffl~h T<IB I), -t-:> c -t § ::kid: -T- 5-"'.- .A c § ;z.a:; -g o c (cl:.\,\;t_, AFa,1J~7

5 ~ ~~77~~-~ 9~~ c ~1 /5 - *~~~s-T- 5~~~A n~5 c

9 ~ c, ~::ktJ:~Fa,1J~1J'1J'-:> T G a:: \,' a:: 9 o -f-(7)J~7 CJ 75 bt.J~EIIIrcf'J-:> T
< n ~(l)~~h~~h@~~~id: -T- 5 -"'.- .A ~~'?a::~~oG~ G 1/ 5' ­

* ~ ~ (7)7'-5'~,~b ""- - ~(7) 7'~1 /~9 r-::.Tftid:~~c~~~ S b~

~~ 5 ,;::, ff~~t.J{m-:> T cf3 s 9\ i'J'~ tc ~ ';:: 'ci:.-T-5 ~ Eli!.JI&f~~~ a:;~ ~0

G k ~ -:>T 1 /5' - *~ ~~ (7) 7'- 5'~~ ffl 9 ~-~ ~ ~. w~r-::.- ~~

Web 17- c:·.::z iJ' S s ~(7)7'' - 5' 1f:tffit±l l_, T~~~ ~~~flj .Ff.l ~~ ~ ~ 3 tc~:~ s:t
It: a:: c ~~ 7 CJ 7 5 b1J{iB<'B!~ c fJ: I) a;: 9 o ~ ~ -c' lei:. -i- 0) 155! c l_, T 1-t*~ tc~:

Web API c .A~ v1' t: /? ( ~ D - 1) / ?') ';:: -:::> \, \T ~~~G a;:-g o

Web AP I C::A ? [.; -{ t."/:7'<T.l7 - 9 7D-

Web
)j~(J)fiJJf.l : ~ .:J. -tf'- 7'5r)tf'
+t-1\'
1 7/IJ

W eb API 0° Web
API II

Web'?D-'5-
..
~ -
Q .A '7 L--1 C:/?''
/0?"'51>..

Web API (cl:., -~~ 't:(ci:.Web +t - t::'.AO)m:{~:t§-1J~ffl~ G tc?/ 1) 7 - :,; 3

/~9o Web API ~f1Jffl9~ ~ c ~. -f"O)Web"iJ" - t::'.A ~t&bh "l\,\~j" -

5'~I&~~~ a::9o I&~~~~7'-5' 1ci:.Web+t-t:".A 't:~-:> l~ a::tia:;~-go
tc c ;t. It Facebook ~ Twitter id: ~ 0) SNS (7) Web API ~lei:., SNS p::j 0) t~~ ~ ~ ­
~-ffl~, ~ I_,/ ~tJ:~O) t~~~- a::tc::k~ -1 /5' - f.•y H~WiZ+t - t:".AO)
Amazon 0) Web API "t'lcl:.m:i6M~¥&~7i::niD:itJ: ~ O)ffl¥& ~ I&~-c' ~a:; 9 o

064
 -15T::A? l.r{ t:':.;?· !;:t, -~ li~~H<::Web API~:11'~91<::&HiWeb-tt-ll--?
Web"J"- t:" 'Ai.J'67-5' ~:!1)1.1~9 ~ L.: ~ T:9 o :A? L.--1 t:':.;?' I;:I:.~!L:, Web
APi t.J'tH:E L;f,J.L\ Web"J"- t:" 'AfJ'S 7 -5' ~:!1)1.~ [.; tc.. \,\~-'8'?, Web API T::!DI.
1~T:2'f,J.\,\7-5' ~&:~~~ G """(\,\~t~-g-(;:::fiJ!fl~h*9 oA? L.--1 t:'>?' !<::l;:l:.,
1}~~h """(\,\~Web? D-5-fJ'§:!(;rt"fFJJ)GL;tc-:::1D75b.~ fiJ!fl G *9 o
Web"J--11-- ?Web -lT- t:" :J..0)7- 5' !;:!:, Web-tt-J\I<:::ff(:E G T \,\ *9 o fb
k~~~h6~~Jfi9~~2'~,75~~?77'~~-{:.;5'-7I-l'A (~0)

c [.; T 7 - 5' ~ :!DI.1~ Vt" \,\ * 9 o A FJ3~ 0)ft;:b I)!<::: ::J :.; r:.· :::J.. - 5' fJ{Web -tt - J\
1<:::7?-tz:A 9~~-8-1<::1;:1:, Web API ?Web? D-5 - , :A? L.--1 t:':.;?'-:::10
7 5b.~-{:.;5'-7I-1:Ac~i)7-5'~IDI.~G *9o

Web API 1;:1:.~1#~1<:: J:? TfiJ)fl fj;t;_fJ{* c /sf) 6 h T \,\ ~~-8-t.J'~ <, * tc..
Web-lT -1:::" A 0)1±.f~Bt~O)w~~~ 5Nt It:< \,\,~f.J'~1~T:'9 o tete[.;, ~ :t ~
:t Web API fJ'Jfl~ ~ n T L\f,J. \, ~~-8-1<:: IHIJffl T: 2' *it lvo ~nit: tt [.; T :A? L.-
-lt:" :.;')'~, ~*~~~O)J:~~~b-l7-l f-.? -tt -t:":AT:S?T:i:J7-5'~

:!1)1.~9 ~ L.: c1.J't"2' *97J\ --tO)fr~~1':1<:"8-:bitTWeb? D-5-? A?

L.- -lt:' :.;?'-:::tD75b.~tt~~it~~~~SIJ*9o *k, :A? L.- -lt:':.;')'~

~!I:~ n T \,' ~ W~b "7- /\It: ~jjffi G tc.. I), "1 - J\ 1<::7\:. 2' ~~ ?ilf~ .!§.;t tc.. I) [.;
k~-8'~~~~$~~ff~~bh~~~tt~SIJ*9o

W eb API C. "A? 1./ 1' ~:1'./(J);i. IJ 'Y 1-- • 'T :1- IJ 'Y 1--

· ;fiJ ffl!Ji*il~ ~U:: <11) G n T t6 I') fiJffl
Web API ur>-r~'
· 1±~~~0)~!1-a:::;Nt-:>G l-\
· Web API iJ~fflS: c! :h T ~~I'd:~ I Web
17- t:";<..0)7'-5iJ~Illi.1~L' ~ ~
· Web API 'c~)Ec!:h T \,lfJ:\,17' -
5UlH~<:'~~
· Web API iJ<tJ:\,1 cfiJFI'JL' ~ fJ:\, 1
· 7'-5 O)ICZ~t<:%1H81If¥IT9~ ~
c iJ((j5~
· 1±~;Jt~O)f,'~W~~Ht~
· iM\JJ:ffH·~bn~ PJ~gttt.J(® ~
· - JE:O)m1ftc;<..:f-J[,t.J (li}~

7'- ~ <1)JUl&n~~ c1, r~ ~ -rJUltU r~tm ~ n-r ~,, 9 7'- ~

r.;; - A <1) ~IJ If! JfWeb API '\!' A ? v 1' t:• / ~7' <1) j~ If! J

065
 14
-~~~7 ;~.-:::r 1J 7..' 1...1:7 - ~ a-5§91!!1.1:11, 7-$1 a-7 w:r 1J 7..'1... 1:~ L. t.:Jf~l:
S~9~ ~t Y~~~9o ~~~~,ft-~~7-~~~~-~~~~~ -~~
~'- $1 (J)!~Jf~l:-:>\. '-rrutaA L, *9 0

1J T :::]' 1) 7-'- ~ 1;:1:, 11:7JIJ'\->1J:fv C' \., \ -Q±fu±EXtJ: c' tO)'T- 50) 1J T :J 1) ~~
uT\.,\~BO)C'9 o 1Jr::f •J 'T-5 l;:l:~l!u-\->9\.,'J:? lt: ~i@lt:~~~h*9

tJ\, .)( -'1: 1) {.iffl:iit->~~JjJl' ~:15~ U l~!.( fJ;~~=F;!tJtj;li!:~~h l \.,\*9 o

t.;:<~S, 1Jr::J' 1J T"- 5 ~~~ u tdifzO)~{~O):k;J,~tt~9 ~ c: t I;:I:C'~ *ii
fvo *i5-~~ IJ ~::>tete ~tC', .z O)~O):k~ ~ l<=~'*l<l:tJ:\., 'tJ' s T:9 o

• 7-"'Jit.I.~::J-7"-f ~~

7~Jvi / ::J- ~' 1' / ?'lct=t ::> t =t*~t.;:=¥$C' , ~1J 7::J' 1) IUH: -:JO)~
~~~JIJ!:l:iT*9o

• 1J?~ 1--.:t~:::J-7-f ~/j'

tJ~/~I/:::J-71'/~~, t0)1Jr~~T" - 5~llimuk@~£~1J~

l*9o

• One-Hot.::t:~::J-7"-< ~~
One-Hot I / ::J- 7 1' / ?'I;:I:J"IJO);g Wit.i=: 1J r~ 1) ::8 It: l.;, -3& I_, tc.~IJ It: 1;:1: 1,
:t:n~~O)~~~o~~--c~~* 9o <=O)~a, 1Jr~~O)@~~~~~O)~

tJ~~~-Q L. t l<:t.;: IJ *9 o One-Hot I / ::J -T" 1 /71<tth~h0)1J7::J' 1) ~

llfHiilt:~lt ~ L. t tJ~T:ti *9 0 l.; iJ' l.;, -91J~tJ~±I ~~ fc.IY),;::.)( -'E 1
) 'i5e.ffliitJ'~

;t, ~t~JjJl't.J~J!! <t.;: ::> --cu *\.,'a;: 9.

066
 ~* "5~)1,
3
I/::J-7'1' /?'
2 ::kll&: 2 2 ~~
~
~
3 ~0~ 3 3 ~
(f)
--;!
4 ::kll&: 4 2
0
-E
:A
C::
::J
?
l~
~jij

~*
1J"/"'
I/:::J -7'1' /?'
2 ::kll& 2 2

3 ~0~ 3

4 *~~ 4 2

~* One-Hot 0 0
I/:::J-71'/?"
2 *~~ 2 0 0

3 ~o.¥ 3 0 0

4 ::kll& 4 0 0

~~0)~-V'c-\a:, ~1~-T - 5 O)~ff~:IJ )*~*Efi' G *9 o :r·- 5' 0)1~1f~1~c·

~nlcf, ~m'~%~it9\C::::7J[;:::f 1).Al:d<: )Jl9L.C:tJ~c-2' *9 o GtJ'G , ~ffl

9 ~~:tii\:~~7 JL- ::1 1) .A.Ld<:JOO G tc~~~fi'-3 t, 7 )[.,:::[ 1) .Ab.tJ'~ I') ~t,\11:

flli~~ml9 ~ L. t tJ'~ I') *9o

067
 . ft~f~
~ftre~--~k~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o-~~0*~~~~~~
~~~~, 7-~0){itH<: *~:gO)if-jfitJ{~~ ~ ~ -c ~O)ifiMJ~if-1~J.liH;:~~t

~0)1J'~U~1~~~ o *~;gO)if_fM;~~O)* *~-5 ~, 1 ~~0)7- ~~£15? T

=tJ.liJ O){~~# td.6 h~tc.151), 7- ~ O)~f~~~~~~ ~ T ,:5,2"b ~ <td,\,\~13-
tJ'£15 f)*~ o if-{~J.liH;::k ~ <~~~h~;f, if.IMJO):f:Y91J'td.~\,\~ P_&Jj)(\:'~ *9 o

-~n~Ji
X:t~~ii~cl:f~O) log (;Xt~) ~~ ~ (log ~;::~~9 ~) ~ t c·9 a JIO)f@:~:f-1-:>

~1~7 - ~ ~;:cf.:)\,\ "C ft\,\~~~ <Ef;j@ ~, 'J'6 \,\{@:~flt:k9 ~ ~ ~ tJ'""("~ *

9 o {1'\Htt1~~""("~cJ:lEni~1iJ (~:11,\,\fd:L.l.J~) I<:Jli\,\7-~tJ'J}J:ll'!:~§i§~ Gt->9

~, \ tc. 151), M~~~~cJ:1:i5Wtri..=fo~O)--:> 1:."9 o

. A?"-•)';/~

~~-~~~~~0)·~~~-9~~t""("9 a T-~~~?T~~O)Qf)-:J

~i'BIHI1J'5~*? T \, \td. \, \~-g.t.J'll!> fJ * 9 o tc. ~:tit, mliJ:tihO)*:t~;g~~cl:~ fJ

-5~ ...t~N.1J'5~*?T\,\*itlva ~iJ'~, ~~@J~t->DV'AT-f 'Y-7@J ~1d:c0

? JL- :::1 1J .A.u~cJ:f@:O):k~ 2" ~;:~J~2" n t->9\,\tc:.clt), f@:O)fBI!Il~~-9 ~!JZ,~t.J'
il5 f) *9 o t'C~~fd.A 7'- 1) 'Y.J;/O)jj$,1;: Min-Max A 7'- 1) 'Y?' ~~~{~tJ'£15
fJ *~o Min-MaxA7' - 1J 'Y-?.Icl:®:~N@:~ 0, ~:k{~~ 1 (;:: ~, 7 - ~ O)i8liEJ
~0~1 1<:9~ ~ ~ ~9 o ~~~{~(;!.{~0):\j!~~O, )J\~~ 1 IC:9~ ~~\?go fd,

ciS, ...t ~~ftGkM·~·O)·~-~~~ff-5~13-=til5fJ*9o

068
 3
I I I I
' - - - -- -- - - £!:~
0 10 20 30 40

700
600
500 -T'-9(])
400 U51i&t-'
300
200
100
-
L
0 0 +--r--~-r--~~--r-~
o 1oo:x10 2000000 JoOO:ol 4ooiDJ 50CiroJ oo»Joo 1oobooo 0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.013.5

8 iio:>ilil!!Hcl: -1 00 - 10 0 8

6 Min-Max 6
7..7-IJ/'J'
4 4

2 2

('\ ('\

:100 -50 0 50 100 -o:o 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 (o

300 300
l¥~ 200 l¥~0
51~ 400 5:!'~ 1
200 ~~fG 200

100 100

0 0
-100 0 100 -4.0 4.0

069
 15
fJ.!Unt~~"Z't;t, ~lfl9 .Qf,Uit:.g.t.HtT7 JJ.,:j' J :J..' k. ~iXtR 1,, t:T Jv ~f'F$: 1,
1 *
9o ;: CT)iz? :/ s / -r-·,;t, t:T Jv(7)11=$: C: $~(7)/J)!t: "?I.' -r, II~~ ~d.> -r 1.' ~
*(.;J:?o

t~;IH~~~ l<:c!B It~ .:c T'JL- e: lcJ:, .A:t.J ~ nt.:-T- 5 tl' s di5 ~tl:l fl C.AtJ=r-5
I<=M9 ~?:t~.ll~-=f)PJJ) ~ ~~ tl:l9 t.:6f.>O)~IJIFE"T J[.,O) <:: C: """7:9 o L. 0) <:: C: lcl:, r1iiJ
~iAh~tOO~WWT<~m J ~~~ -Y9~C:, b~0~9<~0*9o
mlcJ:.z-n-i:'n:l\:~ ~~.ADOJ%tJ'~t~ ? -rc~B fJ , .z-ni<=J:? -r c_ Jvt~:tO)~i\
nsn~tJ'tJ~;R:* o *9o ~~!JH<:, WtJ's tl:l -r <~ tJO)O)%:ti.R*? -r \,\~ e:
~X. T <tc ~ \, \o .z-0) J:: -3 t~'E7JLt~f!=JiJZ9 ~ tc6f.> It: lcl:, i\t±:ltJ 9 ~7- 5 tJ{

c 0) J: -3 ~ :t 0)"""?:35 ~ tl'~~:fmc;,R;E LJ~ ~tnitt~ 0 *ii lvo

"!St~OZJI<::L.O)
rmJ lcl:, ~~I<=Jslt~ rm1~ J l<:di5t.:O *9o tt\H~~~I<=c!BI-\
-c 7 J[.,::J' 1J A'b.O) rF -z'i'JbtL Tl.\~ c:.. c lcl:mJ~O)~t~~O)-z'9o

I·.·\

300 18 108
720 44 4 1020
1070 55 5 1610

070
 =t:7 JL-~1'FJJt l.J tdl~,~-r (cJ:, -t-0) f*:Jim-c0) ~/11!.~ C~~O) U~ ) (cJ:-ct.: s ~ t.:J:
~-8-ii(~ <::: ~c-r9 o -t-O)t.:~fPl1J'~ ~ .Qt.J'J! ~i:Hcl:M~ *t!~ o 1 :X O)@i{~~
A~l.JT~~ ~c ~m~hTl.J*5~~tt~~~*9l.J, * *0)7~7~~~
~ttT~~( ~~~ ~h~~~~ 9.Q~~l.J h*tt~o ~0)~5~~80)'E7
JL-,t:M l.J , ~ fJ ~ \-1t±J1Jt.J<c·~ i> ~ 51t~1E9 ~ ~ <::: ~ r~~ J C:: IB'-U *9 o
3

5 /:9'bt~llfl.W~i~IE9.@
)\:fJT--9 'ET! i,. lli:h IE~

300
720

1070
18

44
55
4
5
.. ~ .. 108
1020
1610
135
1120
1380

~ 0) ~ 5 '<=lE'*-T-5 C:: O)~~~J'~ < 9 .Q ~ 5 (<::~~ ~ tt .Q-¥$tcl:f.ll:Sffi d5 fJ

~W-r9o ~~-~~ l.J~W ~, -¥$~~~~~0)~~if~~ <A~.Qk~,

M4~-r!VZfJf&l-'*9o ~~C:: l.JT, if5.QAO):tfi&1J'SltT!it~~ ~l.~9 ~ttl.ffl£~

~7 JL-:1 'J .::Z'b ~:15- X-* l.J J:: 5o ~ 0)~-8-, ~·7- 5 (:: lcl: r:tfl&007JP3J

C:: l-\ ·::ddJ\ll]~J;J-~0)7 -5 0) ~ C:: -r, 1E'*7-5 lcJ:-t-O)At.J' r~ll?iHt:RJ'~ Vr

l-' .Q 31H~Ji:J 0) ~ C:: -c9 o
1-~...J:~ft't!l*X. -c , 1:fl&~ A1J 7- 5 <::: l.J td~Mm~~=t:Y''JL- ~:15- X.*9 o XfJ
7-5 c~.Q:<fJ& ~m•, lE'* 7-5c~.Q ~~M~••~l.Jkc~,~0)7-
51cJ:2~~:7t?.~71<=,~c l.JT:I83tt*9 (P. 72T~)o 9-rl<:: fP]C: t.:J:< r:tfl&C:Jt:i'
~~~~~9.Q~~5Je:~m-c~*9~ 7~7~-~ l.J-c ~, ~~~-t-0)

~5~-~~M~k~-~-~9.Q~c~C'~*9o
~ 0)~ 5 ,<:: , lt17~9 ~7"-51t:M l.J T lcl: -i1!~B"Jit:~;\\,~'E7JL-f.J{~WJ-r9 o ®
.lci:M~ e: iVJft'O) 2 -:J O)J\~ I-- 5 -c~I!t.J'5J(:AE ~ h~ O)"l\ ~~=r- 5 ~
7-f 'Y r- C~-8-) 9.Q~ 5t.:J:J\~..>< - 5~~9~<:::-c~ l- ,:r:::r;L- ~ fFJJt9-Q~

(:: jJ\C'~ *9 0

071
 ..Z:.h L''d:~[~H<:, .At.J7- -:$71<:: 7 1 'Y 1--9 ~ J: -3 t.J:@:ii@'ET' )I,O)J'\'5 .>( - 5'
\, \ ~ a;: G J:: -3 o
';:: -:::> \, \ T ~ ,;t T <:::. 0) J: -3 t,J: J \ '5 .>< - 5' ~ i*9 ';:: ld:, c 0) J: -3 id:
~l!il~;iJ{@ 17] tJ;O) c· G J:: -3 tJ\o

a::9\ 'ET'Jt,,;::jf~HMtci:J\'5 .>< -5' ~.AnT tl:it.J ~~t~ G a::9 o 9 ~ c, ~, 9·

tl:it.J7-5'c~§T'-~0)00~*~id:~~~sna::9o <:::.O)~O) <:::.c~, ~~

i$2i c \,'\,'a;: 9 o ~~'<::ciS\,' T ld:, <:::. O)~~~~~~;iJ{!j' ~ <tJ; ~ J: -31<:: c fu c fu

/'\'5 .>< -~ ~ ~Wf G T \,' <OY1."9 o tc c ,;t';fjl;f{~ I<:~ G T ld:, T[g~O) J: ?IU\
7 .>< - 5' ~ ~~JT9 ~ L: c IL. 7- 5' '<::ill? J: -3 I<: @:~'R 0)®_ ~ tJ{'Jf_ 1t G T l- \ <<:::. c
I<: tJ; IJ a:: 9 o

'ET'J t, c T' - ~ cO)~t.J{+:l:!''t::'J'~ <id:? tc S, ~~~~T G a::9 o <:::. -3 G

T)1(61)tc 'E 7'%1d:, tc c X.l<f rif.l&N6507JP3J c \,\ "3~* "1.'~ ~ GT <:::. id:tl\?

tc*iOO).AJJT'- 5' I<:~ G-r :t, r~'i'~~ld: 7007JP3J c .Y;JlU""Z'~ ~O)l:'9 o

~@J I;:l:@:~'R'ET'J I,~~Jc GTmtl3f.l Ga:: Gtct.J\ ~;ffl.t"F~""Z':fiJFF.l~h~'ET'JI,

I<: ld: :t J c 1~*t.J: :t 0) :t ~~ <db IJ a:: 9 a:: tcXtJ 7- ~ :tif.l&tc lt""Z' ld:t.J: <,
0

if.tlitt-'i!t* },_'J&fd: c 1ili0) 7'- 5' :t 5! T :y;~~O) 'ET' J t, ~i'l=f£9 ~ 7 - .A :t db IJ a::

9 o c 'd: \, \_;t~ <0)~13', ~~flidb IJ ~~I<: ciS It~~~ c ld:, <:::. 0) J: -31<:: r'ET'
JI,O)ti:JJ:J c~§ T'-~ c O)~t.J{'J'~ <tJ;~ J: -:>lcJ'\7 .>< - ~ ~~wr vz-~,, <<:::.
b c ~JW G T ciS It l<f J:. l-' "1: G J:: -3 o

~*~ 'E :T'Jv IL: <t:H:t .Q*~

ll'i'fl¥Sli

mlt'H:T'Jt- : y =ax+ b

072
 9«TO)"F~7'-5' 1ct{PJf:l:t < IJ ~l.; "F~2" tt 0 L. c C:\ 'E "T'J[_, O)J\7 ;J..-
5'tf~~~2"tLT~\e'_ 1~J.zlc:JEL.;~\.:r;;~~ · 5:i'li!.l'H~5f:~t±.J:tr-c·~-QJ:-sr<:tJ:IJ3::

9 o L. (J) < IJ ~ l.; (J) L. c ~ 1 7 v- ~- 3 / c l \ ~ \ 3::9 o

-1' -T u - S; 3 'Y (J) 1J)1i 3
t l.; T , 3:_ It:: r I\·:;~ 7 ~ ~J r ~ =.1 \ '/ 7 ~ ~J r :t / 7 1 / ~ 'i!1'l J tff¥ {± l.; 3:: 9 o

J \ 'Y 7-"F~ <:" (;:1:, 1 @J (J) '¥'~<:"9 « T (J)"F~-T- 5' 1ct ~J:f)ZI,J:f 3::9 o -t-tdt::
xg l.; T _:: _ =J\ •;; 7-"F~ <:" (;J::, 1 @] O)"F~c· r J \ ·;; -T- +t-1' _A' J C l.; T ~~JE l.; td5z
0) -T -5'~, ~"Y7-1'"Y"F~l"~ 1 @JO)"F~l"1~(J)7'-5'(J)h1ct~hJZI,~<:",

"F~~~1ft!jl.;;3::9o

J\ 'Y 7-'¥'~<:"[;:1:9 «T(J)'¥'~7''- 5' ~ 1 .§l:(t::!JL1~9 0!!)~f.J\<l5 0tc~ , £1~

C fJ:-Q :::] ':/ t::::o::J. -5' 0);/-. -'E I) 0)--_};:__~ 2"f.J\i~ t.JQ l_; 3::91:J\ 9«T(J)-T- ')7 ~t':?J~
it:: :t&;t 3::9 o M l.; T .:::=;\·;; 7-"F~~~ 'Y 7-1' "Y"F~c·(;J::, 9«T(J)~~ -T-

5' (J)q:<f.J'S 7 "Y-:7, Ldt::, - l:5'33:: td;J:: 1 ~ 0)7'-5' ~~J:fJ6~ <:" '¥' ~ l.; , L. h~
< I)Jlg_l.;;3::9o *2i~rt:llt::9«T(J)7''- 5'1ct@CJ:f36VL.c(t::tJ:IJ3::9t.J\ '¥' ~*5

~i;J:: J: fJ ~1~(!)13: -3 (t:: ~i!CJ:f36~tc7'' - 5' It: 51--:J ~ Sh0t.::66, "F~(J) )IIi'lJj'; \t::

J:--=' T'l!ffjgt.J<~t;0 7 - .At.J'<lS IJ 3::9 o 3:: t.::, J\ 'Y 7-"F~ l<::lt«T "F ~ 1tfr -3
@l~t.J'::g,.< tJ:-Qt.::66, ~w~:]i:t.J'--_j;:__~ < tJ:-8PJ1m11t.J'rS:J~\c ~;Z3::9o J\·;;-T"F
~ c ~ 'Y 7-1' /'¥'~ (t:: ~ ~\T \;:1:, ~J((J) Section <:"2" S I<:~ l.; <~~~Jr. l.; *9 o

.::_ ) .
=--"""'k - =-:\ ....,.)
= -~
-
- M •:f-
.
9«T(J)-T'-9ft 2:. = ri'";17;:2)::!L:
- ~(L:"F-~ fJ't;::_ ;t. I) (;:p(--j("F-~

073
 '~'')17-~~c
'.t/71'/~~
' ' ·:; 7-~iS'I1~7- 9 ~ -f5<:~!!9 .Q~~!<: ~ .Q t::. 11) , "E -T Jv O) ~ffil: ll\¥re,lh'J'
;I)>~J
*"to -:/JO):;f/71 /~iS'I1, 7-9~~,~ -('-?~i!V?-?"E-TJv~~ iJ."t·
~ffi ~ Tl. ' <t::. 11), "E-T JvO)J!fJi~'V'fd!ILI:~"T? !IH~O)if.> .Q~$;t"t·~Jtt> 9o *

}'\ ':I 7~9-z' ~~. 91'\.T. 0)7-1_1 {t~? T. "'E7 ) [.,O)!OF~ {tff? £\~t.J~dt> '? *
9 o -t-O)tc6f.>~$!R'fra,~~~l=~l<:~ <tJ: '?, "'E7 J [.,O) !OF~ t. "'E7 JL-1<: J: ~-T;JtH~
~'?M G T.ffbh* 9 a ~O)J:-'5~ . -T~{t~f?-GT.~R9~~${t:;t77

1 /:'f:~t.O!J!U* 9a
* tcJ 'i. ·:; 7!0F~-cl~, fiT G ~ \ 7'- $' {t "'E7 J[.,,<:J.OO!fl G tc ~ \~1§l, f/TIB 7 - $'
9«.T.{tA~t.GT.~R{t~'?~90~~~'?*9a-t-O)J:?~~'?~ G~&

T.~JTIB7- $'ilm~{t~·~ittd.IT-=t7 J[.,t.J<-rE tc S, -t-h* -rWfJJ~itl.\,\fc

75~U -=t7 J L- {t 1~ll: ~ itT. ~~~;z * 9 a 7-1_1 0)~~1<: I~IR'fr~'~, t.J't.J'f.J' ? T. G *
?tc6f.>, 1
)?)[.,$'-{ b"Z'"'E 7 J[.,~~f/T9~~t.l~/f'PJ'fjg"Z'9a -t-O)tc6t.> , tee
X.'t~55LtJ'~Jq t. ~1t9 ~l*rtmt~-r, ~ O)=F${t ffl ~ \fd~Mi!t~R f-.. L- - t-: :Y
~~ b~~ ~~~~ PJ'fjg~~~'?*9• *k, ~7- $'{i:O~~~~~~G@
9c ~a••{t~< ~ •9~k6t.> , ~~ f--~~~VO)~•~-r9.

~MtJ"J: !itl !cf'

:ll~

187-9

-t7''!lA7)~~ - -t7'' !1A7)~~iE

L ~T'-'9 <iti-T- s> +!BT"- '9) tcr~~LAi1i:~t<:~lli¥rellth'N'.l'-@

074
 ;t / 7 1' /!ljf!i!i(cl:, "E-TJlii<::~:H&O) -T- 5 ( ~ .=r\ ·:d~ c IJP(<fh~'J'~ fd:.§ll.
m~, ,~O)-T-5)~~A~M~ T~~~ ~~~tt~~$~~0 ~n~~•
-lf-1? J L>tf~<, ~ ~ ~-\-r-?'t.J{=FI<::A~ c~¢(<::~0)-T-5f.J{~~~nt.:::=c

"TJ[.,f.J\=fo(<:AI) *~o ~O)t.:::?1:J, )t(a:cO)J: 71d: I'- ~ - t-: :St.AT-.L.dc::=t)OOGT

1.,\~ti-\X.*~o *t.:::, ~Jh~'JI*f.J{IlNShTI-\~t~.g.lc::=t~~}JC'~o :C-TJL>It:
~ 0)7'- 5 t.J{~~ ~ n T ~ x. ~.,\nit, Jf!d$;0)-T- 5 ~{~f¥~ {)!J?:,~t.J't~ ~, \ t.::: {/)
-z'~o

::t /'5 1 /~~O)~#.Ucl: , ~mt~T' - 5f.J'A::i:J ~n~ t=c-TJliO)-j>J~U~~::i:J f.J'

{If;< t~ ~ <= t ~~ 0 <= nlcJ:, !ffT G < -'3-7.. s n t.::: -T- 5 td:1JJJ~1d: <LEu ~, \5:J'~ c
u-r J\ 7 .>< -5 ~ ~*fi~ ~ t.:::t\:6 -c-~ 0 <= n~~ <' l<:: lcJ:, ~m~IB 7 JL>:J' 1) :;z:-_u
~~71d:cu-rAm~7-?'0)A::i:J~~m~~~~~~IJ*~o
* t.:::, ;;t /'51 /~B-riel:, iffT G \. \-T- 5 I<:: "E"T J[.,~JOO!it~tt~l;U.g.~~llt
~ {) !!F fi&!f.J{m~l<::t~? T ~ 3: ~ o ~~~ f.J'~l.\ tWTG \.\-T-51t:J00tc;i Gt-'~

< t~ I) a::~t.J\ tJ1,\7'-50)1j~,j¥Nf.J'~bht-'~ < t~ I) *~0 ~~~f.J{{!f;l-\ttll-\

-T- 5 0)1jl,j¥Nicl:{~t.:::ht-'~ <~~ -11, iftr G 1- \7'- 51'\.)00!it G I<:< <t~ I)*~ o

fd:t;), -T-5 f.J\:;k:~ ~~T J\•y 7'-~§l~f'JX.t~\,\~.g.lc::, -T-5 ~'J'~ fd:.§ll.

{lz.lt:5:J'liU [_, t.:::....t-r' ;;t /7-1 /~~0) 7 )[., :::f 1) :;(b.~~? l ~~~1'J7 <= c f.J{
~l)a:~o i:O)~R1JJ!~J7rj l';t:i :::JJ7~Wlt \.\\,\*~o

~11f.l
(~m:t/J:l, IIRJ) Wiut-17''-9~
~;~*~
'E 'T'! IA7)~~ 'E7' )[,(7)~ill£

~ ~J iJ!L., <mlj[t:f~ t, ' iRll

075
 lltit$~7 Jv :::J 'J ;(.L..t.:sl.'-c*:m(J)7- 9 t.:M9 ~7 i!IIJ · .;TB'!i~(J)~8JEt1 t -c
-til~ t-·9ti, ~!i£(])/5~ ~ rs,ltx ~ t -t (])*6!~U1 *-:>
t.: <.IJ!(])f.t 1. '-i> (]) t.: t.t-:>
* '*
-c 1.- 1. 9 o ; : ; : <:-11 7- .A 1--7-9 t.:J:; ~ lE 1.-l. '~SiE/5~:!~$V'* 1.- J:? o

t~Miit~~ l<: <f.) ~ \Tm:~ tJ: L. t t;t , 'T' - '71!:~~9 ~ L. t ~:*JOO)'T'-'7 0):5f

~~ ~B1!:ft~~~5~~~L.t ~9o L.O)*m0)? - '7~~9~:Y~~ ~­

O)fflMO)L.t~m~~~t~ U *9 o ~B ~~, ~~?-'7~~9~~-1!: ~
~1!HLJ \7::1-- '7 ~ ]!!~ GJiotJ-c ~ \ ~ * 9-JJ\ ~~tJ~~b-:> td9:~~ 1;t * tc*m
O)j"-'/l<:xg9 ~1~Ji~tJ~f*IDf~:f"L l ~\*it fvo -'f L ~5R.{tf-t1Jg~~IDf9 ~!B1~

tJ\tf:l""[ <~0)~9o
)R.{tti:Jjg~~&E9 ~ 5 X. ~:k~ tJ: L. t lei:, r~Bit:fiJFf.l G tc.'T-'7 ~~Nit:
~b~~\ J t \,\5 L. t ~9 -'fO)fc.dt)lt:: t;J:, ~~7'- $' t t;J:J.l1Jt<:~ill9 ~f.::: !It)
0

O)? - $'~~~THGT<f.)<0~if~~*9o L.O)~ill:Ff.JO)'T-'71!:, 7-.A~

(~!if· li¥1illi) 7' - 9 UiJLUa:::9o

~~ 'T'-'7 t TA l--7'-'71!: b tt~ L. t ~, ~~ Gtc.'E'T'J L-tJ'*m O)'T-$'
I<: :X;t G-r C: 0) < S ~ \O)'l'i"i'mtJ'~&> ~ 0) 1J' 1i' ~IDE9 ~ L. t. t/~ ~, -'fL. ~:f7J dt) 1:-'f
O)'E'T JL-O) )R.{t~1Jg~~l¥1illi~ ~a::: 9 o fi=IJX Gt.::: 'E'T JL- ~M~ ~ h~ 'l'11igtJ'b1J'
s tJ: \,\ L. t. t;J:, 'ET J[, O)~*Ii:1i.1!:{~ill:~ ~ tJ: ~ \ t \,\5 L. t. ~ 65 ~' ? )[, :.f 1
) /(

b1£:·~~~Ff.J9~~~j;:~~~-(:~~0)~9o
~E, ~~?- '7~-'fO)a:::a:;:7A!--7'-'/C:GI:~Ff.l9~t, ~IDf~O) 'E'T

J L-O)fflMtcl:~ < tJ: ~ * 9 -JJ\ L. hlci:5R.1t1i.JjgO)j'8j~ ~~ G tc L. t I<: tcl:tJ: ~*it

lvoMBGk~~if-'f-:><~-r-O) a:;:a:;:7A!--~ t±li:G*-:>I:~*~O) ~~ifb
-!J'S tJ:\,\0) t. Fi5J G~9 o

076
 ~~7' - 5'~7:::Z i-- 7 '- 5' C:: L "L ifffl9.Q (: ... ...
~~7"-'9 :r:::z t-- 7"- '9 ::UOO)T'-9

I --
~~ ~ill ~I'll 3
tilt
'ET'J[, ~~~O'J.'t:T'J[, ~~~O'J.'ET'J [, :tilt
~
~

0 (])
/
0
t
:::z
:ffi~ : 100% :mM: 100% :r.J~:?%
c
(1Fs8~ L..: n 1.QO)'"'("
:J
(:*W0)7''-9"-0)f.l~,
7
i5J 157''-'91.:::~ L/-rl;t 91J:tr55R1t•i1ilb'/ J:9
n~tJ:f,lj~J b1J'St~~') j,f,j

0 ,. ~
0 .~ ·
:ffl/1' : 100% ffl/1': 7 0% f,!j~: 70%
(f}Jd)"[ .A:h<!ht.::7''- '9 (7-:::Z t-- 7''- '9 ci5.1 15:!*55l
t~(7)'{"*~7'' - '9 d::. •J ~ t~ 0) 1"19i~iHl~ c 15J~(7)5R
M1i)W;"5 .Q~B" t, i!5 .Q ) 1ttU§1JI'Jtllffl1"2' .Q l

ttL c ·(;:l:, ~~~H<::~~T' - 5' c T- A. f-. T'- 5' 1U::' '3 b ft:h r;J:'J:: \,\ O)l:' G J: '3
fJ'o \, \ <"J fJ'1:J$ fi<J5 1J *9:b\ 1~£Ht:Jtc~: =F5! cVC ;)U''\- :J':f.J' G 71\- J[., ~
7? H~~IE C:. K- -5:J'~U3Z~~~IE (K-fold ? D A./ \ 1
) =:r·- :Y 3 / ) 'Htl:fi' G *9 a

077
 ;J; -JI.- 1'"7" 7 Htill C:: ~cl:, 7'- 5' {f:~~FF.l-T-5' C:: 7 A 1-- ffl-T-5' ~<::ilt>-@~IJ
~~~~LT~~~-@, ~?C::~-~~~~~$~~o~-~~Ff.l~-@7'-5'

~~ci:-'E7 J L-O)ti~~~t: ~*a~-@ tc.tht6. -@ "' <~ ~v \I~ -s t.r~ J: l-\ ""Z'~tJ\ ~ruH<=~ffl
~ -@7-5' ~tJ' 0't6.9~-@ e:*m 0) 7 - 5' 0) l,\ 6l-\6t6. J\ 5' - >'ii:t~~~-@ z::
C:: tJ~~~ t6. < t6. 'J a=;~ o 7'- 5'~fl'!J%:;;V6.~~~cl:, f&Jzl!O)~~~~{f:9-@ C:: ::1
~~~ - -$'0)~--~~~~J:'J~W · ~~~~~~~~?TLa=;-:Jk~, ­

~0)~~ · ~ill~~tlf\-J[., ~7? ~-- ~~tJ'Ff.llv\6h*9 o -~~<::~W · TA

t--7'- 5'0)~~C::LT~cl:2: ll-'4: l, 9: l t6.~fl'~<~:btta=;9o

7"- 5'~Jtt.l~l=;t;l;i;::
~ ~ ~~\3"1;:::
@!ffl~ tt ~~;nc-9

4: 1
C:: O)Jt\- )[., f--:'7? ~-- ~~iEl'~cl: , ~7- 5' 0)-ff~tc ~t{f: 7 A 1-- 7--5' ~<::~Ff.l L
a=;91.J\ T- A 1-- 7--5' O)~U1n<=iiffi 'J fl'CV., -@~~t6. c ~;:::, JE~~<::~ill~~ fd:lv\
;: C:: tJ'CV., 'J * 9 0

~;: l'Ff.ll-\6h-@0)1.J\ K-~li1J5H~ ~~ (K-fold ? o 7-J\ 1J 7 - ~ a /) l'

9o Z::O) ~$-z'~, 9«.T0)7-5'~~IDE7'-5'C::LT~Ff.l~h~J:-5, ~-
7'- 5'C::T- A.t-- 7-5'{f:~hM~ T ~0-@fd:cL, -~O) mh~:btt{f:Ff.l. L
a=;9o ~O) _t-z', ~h-t:'tL0)7 -5' {f:{~FF.lLT~WC:~~ {f:l.liJ ~I<::frlv\, ~tL

6 O)~~H6~fl' 6, ~~tfHL. 'E7 Jl.-O)ti~{f:~m9-@ 0)~9 o

078
 K- 7T'~U~~~ill~J:, It\- J[., t-: 7 '7 t-- ~ill~c:tt"", /\$'- /~lc: d::? ""t 3ffi~
1Offl~OCOJ~~~;mti.J'&:'!t: C: fci: fJ a: 9tJ\ ffl.ttt.J? C: :t/b. <ftbh -r \,\ ~~
ill1J$c 9 o

9-"'T (J)7'- 91i

~ID£7'-9 c:>d:.Q J:. ?!;:
J'\9 - /:>it~ x -z-~~

~ 0) ~~tJ'OJ~5~ C: G ""t IJ:, Leave-one-out3C~t.J'ii51') *9 o f£7- $' t.l' S 1

7-$'9J~~~GT T Af-.7-$'C:G,~IJ9""T~~~7-$'C:9~ ~$

c9 o L. hie: J: fJ 1~ S tL~ =r- $' ~'c: I/Gi G tcJ\$' - /9""-r ~~"§1 · *9?:~iE G a:
9 o -t- OJma~ i'J' S~-8-Et:J~c::: 'E7 J L- OJ~OC~~ill9 ~ OJc9 o 9clc:ilfr G tc 2
JOJ'F$C:.tt~ G -r~ <0)~~7-$' ~~n.Qtc69, 'E7JLtOJ~ocrP:J J: t.J'~~

69 a: 9 o G t.l' G, 7 - $' ~~c: ttf71J G T~t~mt.J'~:k9 .Q tc69, Jlii:f.ciJ: 7 -$'

~f.J\~ ( f.,l:\,\~.g.(C:: O)Jj.flj ,E!j~:h.Q {~JirPJ(C:(J5 fJ a.:9o

079
 18
~liit~~"£7 J[t(])~liEt: J; IJ' "ET' J[t(]):fl:t.J~!iiU:::iE~O)~Ut T'- $1 ~f~~;: <::. tl-r:-
~ * 9 o L iJ' L, ;tUtT'- $1Ci. -f(])"ET' Jv(])tfii~~9illliY:H:~N L -z:~; '~ <::. C.t !5 ;t *-tt
fv o ;: ;: l:'C;t., ~Ut7 - $1 iJ' <:> "E T'Jv(])'liii~~ iE L <~JJ!9 ~:1])!~~~* L J:? o

WiO)-lz? ~ 3 :/\:'1;:1:, T- 7.. t-- 7 - 5 t<:J:? T~~~1Jl=ErJ"' O)'Iill~Hi':~ID£9

~1n~~~lf* L.; teo ~IDE ,<: <IB\,\ T =f:-T'JL-,<:T-7.. t-- -T' -5 ~.A:JJ9 ~ C::, -z- n
-f"nO)r-5 ,;::: -xg L.;, @J~w-z:<Ji5nttfol s 1.J'O)~f~7A 7HJic<J5ntt-r-5 0)7
1"\.Jl-t.J{.:Y~U~ n a::9 o -fh G 0)~,651Hi, @J~i""Z'<Ji5htcf'.Z.h-f"t10).A:7J '<: dB \,\ T

.:Y5~U C:: :iF§t.J~ c t1 <· G \, \lil!Eh T \, \~ 0)7'J'1J{{~ C:: l.; TlJ?.na:: 9 o -1:JO) ):)'~~l:'<J5
ntt, -z-n-f"nO).A:JJtJ~-z-n~nfoJO)=JI"\.Jl.ttc:: 7J'~~nt.::O)tJ\ ~e: L.;-r~~

c· ~ *9 0 l_; tJ\ l_; L. 0) J: -5 1J:~~tc tt-c ,;:1:, r L. O)=t7 JL-t;:l: c lut.,::t£1lg1J: O) 7J'J'
<J5 ~ \,\ t;:l: r L. O)=f: 7 JL-'<: J: ~ $* "- O)~IJ~t;:l:.~3.~~ ~ O)!'J' J C:: \,\ ? tdlt~ tc>:M

rp~t<=*~ sna::-ttluo

-fL.-c0~tJ:O)~, ~~~7-5r~~m~~~m~~~&tt~~r~~J9
~;::. tc9o L.O)iz? ~ 3 :/""Z'ti, @J!IiflC::7HJl:t<::<IB\,\'"f=f:7Jl.t~W!Zfiffi9~feH~

~*lj:1i' l.;3:9o

~IDitC:l:t<:'lcl:'l'-t~
te:tJ .LEa te:tJ

G~
15 20
80 - 76
45 48
tl:l:tJ
IEa
.iE*
0 0
I ~I l', t:'tl <6(, I

0
X -
X
X :.iE~
I ~ ;'( '@(}) ?

:'f.iE~

080
 @l~'E 7' J[.,OJf!tlli ~J:~/.fs:a"J I<:,
tl:l1:J C: JE* O)~f@:OJ~5:J' ~ 1!5 ~ r 75~~~~~J
~<:: J: ::> ·niJZfiffi~ 2 ~ tc elf), [9]~i'E7' J[.,OJ §iJZfffiit~H~!<:: ct-3 It ~ }~J, \ !J:, <:. OJ-=t~gR

§ ~ E (J) J:? t::~~t9 .Q fJ\O))lt, \ C: G\;t a:; 9 o 2" ::> -r <~'!!..OJ«-- V'fJ' 6, 1-t*
I¥JtJ: R ORIEf*~), RMSE (:if:1J:if:P:;J=*~~), MAE (:if¥:;]~~1~~) 'if ~il­
2

L.., a:; g-o

;: O)'fiMOO C: IE31rni: O)~?J'

(7ill~ ~ ~ ) ~c' O)J:.-51::
~SJ11ilfi9-@tJ'
-+R2 , RMSE, MAE f6. c'

..
..
.........

. ....
......
,.

081
 ( 1) R2 CR:~f*~)
R2 (~~~~~) ,~, 7)~~~~~~ 1HJW~ (~~0)*~ ~fd:C' ~+6 x_~ L t) 9
~ <: C: l'f~ Sh~t~~-r, a;:? tc. <.:Y5~.U -r~-n,,tJ\.\t~-;S{f 0, 91'\.T75~U-r~

T l,\~t~-;S {f 1 C: G T*~ \.l (a': c J: \.vlitm-r~ ~ <: C: ~~ G a::9 o .:Y5~U 9 ~fit

O).A-7-JL- iL. J: stJ:l-':!=~*~-r~~tc.66, @:l!il¥.n:t>t.l"J t->9\.'f~~e: l,,x_a::9o

(2) RMSE (-'p:/J~~=*t~~)

RMSE P¥1:J:!JZ~=m:~~) iJ:, .:Y5~~~~~~=* GT -'¥ ~ G tc.~ C: iL.~H9
~f~t~c·, IJ'~ \.' (a': c J: \. ''i11Jg-riJ5 ~ <: C: ~ ~ G a:: 9 o 1HJ'I.5:J'1'iJO)~~~ iL.X't G
TJEp{tfci:~lffrlljt.J~-r~ ~ tc.66, ~ <0)7 -
.A l'{~t>h T l,\ a::9 o R2 C*:<i::f*~)
e: ~~J!Vci: fJ, tc. e: x_ict:7~~f®t.J{®I~-c65nict:mt~O)A. .,..._ JL-:t@~t tJ:~J:-:>
iL., f~ s h ~~t.J{+ 0) a:: a:: 75~Hii 0)* {ll:i<::tci: ~ tc. 66, 'E-T J l-0)~ f*ft-JtJ:fffrlljt.J{

G t-:'9l-, mt~C: G T'MiOSh Tl-, a::9 o

(3) MAE (-'fL~~M~~~)

MAE(·-~-~~) ~, 7~~~0)~X'J~~~~Gkil5C:~~~9~m~
l', ,j,~\.'ia':cJ:\.111:fllil'il5~<: C:{f~Ga::9o RMSEC::lt~GTj}h{ii (~
',!f;O)~~J: fJ :t b'td: fJ *~ l, \~~{\:; :t "J~) !L.S!a\.\fc.66, ~ <O)j-\-;jt,@:t.J{r¥1±
9~-T-~ ~ ~~-r~frllj~9~~1S~~ffl~ha::9o a::k, RMSEC::~-~~

S h~ fiit.J~.Z:O) a:: a::T-5~HiiO)*f:lz.c·<15 fJ, 'E7 JL-O)~f-'f:ft-JtJ~lffrlljf.J{ Gt-'9\. 'f~

t~e:~x_a::9o

. o11' s 1 (])wiHJP9<7)~{t · iH~:l.J=?'!J(])~~ ~ .:~ GT · ~ <(])9'f.tl~t.J~'iH:£9 .Q

~~;, 1 I L.ilil-' 1 3:~':7.H!T iE!ii1J:8ffllljtJ~'C'~.@ -T'- 5'-E ·:; " -z"~fflllj{£:9
(])~.§Uii% \.' .Q~&I.:~IJffi~h.Q
. f,5jfiJTB'9tJ:~~~ ;:: :-tt :o ~n
~9 \. 1

082
 ~I..\ -r, 5H.il'E 7" Jv ""('9 o 5H~=t:5" JvO)WJZfilli""('li, @J~=t: 7" JvO)~.g- c ~tel:
tJ t±l:t.J t IE~WtJ{~& tJ ? ~;\?I-:-; tJ{~~::15 x. 6 n~ tc. ?tJ, -z-n 6 O)J '?1- :-; ~
51-8-ftJIJ t \,\-5 ~lc::: 9 *
tJ 9 o tc. c ;t(;~POJ t r XJ 0) '7-"'
~ <:::: t tJ{~* t tJ:
3
J v~:5:J'~~9 ~rp~~""(' iJ5tL it, t±l:t.J t lEMtJ' l& tJ -5 ~J\?1- :-;let 2x2l'4 J\5-

/ ttJ:~tc.?tJ, ).fBI3-fr11Jii "'f~O)ct -5 1<: 2x2 0)4 'Y.A ctJ: t) *9 o

T: True (-i'>~~:t.JI'~~-:JT\,1~)
F: False (-j'>~ :t:f~tc. -:JT\, I f;j:\,1)
roJ c:P1J! P : Positive ( roJ)
rxJ c:P1J! N: Negative ( rxJ)

27-"'Jv:5:J'~O))B\i3-fr11J0)4J\5 - /Ict ..Z.n~n, IEmtJ' roJ ""('(J5~t,O)~

lEG< roJ t-T:t'Jtldc.@]~""('il5 ~ TP (True Positive: ~i!J;lttL J:EmtJ{ roJ

C'il5.@ :t 0) ~ ri3~J!!b --c r XJ t -T~J!. G tc.@l~l'il5.@ FN (False Negative:f1!1l;!tt) '
lE ~~ tf r xJ -c il5 ~ :t 0) ~ FsH~ -:J --c r 0 J c 7 :t'Jt G tc. @] ~ C' il5 ~ FP (False
Positive : ~ ~ 'It ), IEmtJ' r XJ C' il5 ~ :t 0) ~IE G < r XJ c -T~J!. G tdiD~-r il5
~ TN (True Negative : !l~ 'lt) c ll'¥1cfh*9 o )B\i3-11'1JJO) TP, FP, FN, TN
O)fl~-"'/~I<.::~~~X..Q c "'f~O)ct -5 IC:: tJ: I) *9 o~~~tttdr~=t:5"Jvli,
~t,\~'R""('\ifb tc. r :;.t ~O)JlW(T' - 5 ~ IE G < :5:J' It"Z" I.. \~ ~W ) J ~ §t~t G *

9tJ\ JB~Ic::: liil'lt 6 n 9, t::"Y-:7 O)~'R""(' \ifb tc. r:t1U~ G td-~WJ 0) ~ -5 1<::5:J'
~~ G * 9 o ~tr:. C'~ G tc. T' - 5 I<: -:) t, \ --c li lE L, 1.. \)J'~~fl' ""(' ~ --c \,\ * 9tJ\ fft~

l'7Ji: L, tc.T'-?1 It:: -:) t,\T lilE*t lct~tJ:~?t~~ G "Z" L\*9 o

"':;~-c~~~~ fr ?IJO)i~

7 - 9 ~ IE G <~!1Tt- 1~t;£W

083
 L.L.'C'~;l:, TP, FP, FN, TN-a:~IJfflGtdt~ft-JfJ:fffilljm~~4-:> , i\1B:fi'V* 9 o
)£EiH7JIJOJ~lH>~m G *90J'C', *~ G fJ:b' G~Jf~@)-c <tc cj ~'o
IU~$ (Accuracy)

TP+TN
lEm?¥=
~1*(7)~ (TP+FP+FN+TN)
T: True ('H.Rt/~t<:::J-n,,.Q)
F: False (.Y~f.l~'~t.'::::JT~IfJ:\,1)
roJ c-FfJ! P : Positive ( fOJ)
rx J e: -FfJ! N: Negative (fxJ)

~M$~, ~~ OJ~- ~ftOJ5 ~~ G<*M'C'~k ~ - ~-OJ~~~~-'C'

~*9o L.tl,(;l:, - ~~L:~\?~mi¥t-> ~tg:¥t~ L>tO) 'C'9 o

~m$ (Recall)

TP
TP+FN

ililll¥1;J:, *~It:'< Jt.-tt :de~ - ~ 0)? ~, .1E G <'<' )[.,(: G -c*m'C'~ tc~­
~0)1/IJ~c G-c~~cjn *9o ~ffl.¥il'fflt,\Gtl,.@-7 -/Zc GTI;l: fJ\'Y~'<
)[., t G T:5:Hfi: GT .:t F"'~!mfJ: <, il' -=> '<' J[.,O) -b 0) lilii* ~<:: '<' J[., t G T7J'M Gtc ~ 'J
t ~, ":) tdt).JL"TC'9 0 ~1*~n G-c 1a:, mmO)~!fitJ<* If Gn *9 o W9mOJ~
W[(<:B ~' T li, (pg~'C'Icl:to-: ~ \7' -~ (J \'Y) ~friJ~C'cl5 -Q ('<" JL-) t!J!UI*JT (~~·tl£)
GTG*5 L.cJ:i'J.:t , WSm'C'~.@-7'-~ (xJL-) :a:~~GTG*?L.c (~
~1i) O)/]iJ\fB~C'9o -f:O)fc@), ~ffl.¥1J'~J~cjtl,.@O) 'C'9o

084
 ~'15$ (Prec ision)

TP
TP+FP

~-8"$1cl:, ~ J[; ~ G -nNi.iH..~ tc-T - :7 0) -3 t>, lEG<~'~""{'~ tc-T-:7 O)j!IIJ

13-~ Vnt~~h*9o 3113-~lcl: ~J~~~ lcl:&J0.t~<: r~ J[;-a::J\'Y ~ GT7.H.&G
-r -b J: ~ 'tJ\ /\ 'Y 0) -b 0) tel: ME~ t<: J \ 'Y ~ G-r ~'it.& Gtc ~ 'J ~ ~' -:J tct~i3-l<:ffl ~'
5h*9o k~~~~~:)I - ~~~O)~~~~~b""{'9o ~0)·13-~,E*~

ftO)~b~ - ~0) ~~6~~? - ~~ 3113- 9~~ - ~-a::~~~<·~~~""{'

~:if\9 ~ ~ ~ ti))(67) 5 h~ tc67), 3113-~tfl'§':i~ '"ET' J[;:IJ{J: ~ \0)""{'9 o

F iii (f-score)

2X 1ij!~~ X ~(3-~
F1~=
¥ij!J2~ + ~(3-~

~m~~3113'¥~cJ:~'tJ' ~ ~9~,}~~~""{'~cJ:66 ~ *9tJ{, ~ ns -a::~~~R~ < ~ 67)

tc"E T' )[;:IJ'J: ~ 'D' ~ ~' -3 ~, &:,91_, -b -t -3 C'tcl:66 ~"*it ~o tc ~ ~ liW9%,0)~t
"*
WT t<: as~' -r tel:, ~~ 1_, tc A :i:~ -a: W9~ c· 66 ~ ~ ~'~.& 1_, -r 1_, ~ t;f~ I~$: li
100% ~ tJ: ~ * 9:1J\ ~ O)i!&1@.1J'~ffli¥JC' tJ: ~ \0) tel:, § -3 * ""{' =t tJ: ~ \ ~ ~ C'9 0

-t~""{'~~m~n~O)~F ~ ""{'9o~~~m~~-!3'~~~~-~~70)~
'~* t<: d5 ~, -1JtJ'* ~ < tJ: ~ ~ :t -:, - 15 tcl:JJ, ~ < tJ: ~ * 9 0 ~ O)~m¥ C!l~i3'
¥0):lfl~ C WMO:lfl~) -a::JUl~~~""{', J:~J:~'Wffllim~~~~*9 o ~h~ F
1@. ~ ll~J!,3\ 0) ""{' 9 0

085
 ~¥t$til: -t,
I\~ J'\-1'\? )<-9 t:
=E-T'J ~(/)7 :1.-
7 Jv::i 1) ; ( AO)tifm~
= /~'
IRL.t ~it .Q f.: d.> I:AO)=f. -r ~ 7 Jv HPI!l Gt.I.
< "tl;t t.I.6f.I. I.' I ~ 7 ;( - -$1tl ~ ~J*-9 o ;:_ 0)1 ~ 7 ;( - -$1 ~ , l \11~ - 1~ 7 ;( --$/c

lllj1tJi*-9o

/\1 re-re ? ;) - ~ ~i!Wf-9 ·~:de::&> tc 0 , <: <: -c' IJ:~®:rt~171H<:m~7?. G ~ 9 a

J \ 5 :/> - 5 t.J~W!~~O){tjt ~ t->-t}]f:i-fci: c', :C7' J[.,O) t:p I<:~~ -2' :h ~~f*S"Jtc~:{~-c' <J5
~ O) I<::X;J G, J\ 4 J\-J\5 :!> -51J::C7' J L- ~{PJ~}ZJ::\:1<: 9 ~ O)f.J' Ci~~~, =~)Zffll~'R,
=~x!lil~/ci: c) t \, \ ? tc :C -TJ [.,O)j;;:~ ~ ~@)~{@:~;w:'* l_.., ~9 0

I 1\-( 1~- 1~7 :;( - 9 I I

~
1~5:;(-9

g=ax+b I .:.·.'!. 1 ;J:. g=ax+b

or

~
-'f'f'!l-Q)¢51- 2 ;'J:_ y=ax2+bx+c
-'E'f'!l-Q):t:H'=

J\4 ; \-J\5 :1>- 5 t.J<JOO-t}J-c'fci: 1.,' L t-T J L-IJ:1·Hg~+:5H<:~$-c' ~~it Iva

-i-O)J: ?fci:, •j11jgt.J{+~'-c'fci:\,\~!ilH<=J: <5eS:h~¥¥~t Vr r * ~~J t rJ.@.
~~j t.J~<v.> 0 *9 0

*$9 t IJ:-TO):gO)~ 0, +~'lt::~~tJ<frtJ:h -r 1.,\fci:\,' L. t -z' ttllgtJ{{~\,\~

~1,f:;rn G *9 o ~ ~-T - 5 '<:X19 ~-'f;J!Ut-'~'~O)Mm:t.J{+ ~'I<:~ <fci:\,'~'8-,
*~~l'<J5 ~ t § ;t_ ~ 9 0

X;J G -r~~~t~, ~R-T-5~X19~Mm:O)~~~~mG3.®.~~<:t-zo,

*~O)-T - 51<=X19 ~~/Jtt.J{""Ff.J{? -r G ~? "'[ \, \~~!t~~m G ~9 o
~X~-':.J1J'S , *~~ tl.&J~~ IC::-:J\,\T J: 0~1*S"9 1<::5eT\,\~~ l_.., J; ?a

086
 ~JC v-c 7 J[;:J. 1) X b. C'2~..X5T/1 7 70)~ (~O)'t-TJL-) ~:l{UU9.@ L: c
~~X..*9 o """f ~O)~~f.J'~O)'t-TJL-c 9.@ c, ~~~~H<::fMc'bf.J'IOI.f~9.@ <::: c
f.J'l' ~ .@ -T- 5 ~;t -t L: I<: f-1 ;( ((;f 6 ~ ~) 0) *-..:> t.: jit@. \,\ ,¢..\ tc c ~X.. T < tc
~ \,\o tm~~~--r l;t, 7 JL-:1 1) ;(..b.f.J' -T- 5 ~~~9.@ L: c --r, ~O)'t-TJL- (~

~) ~ .t < Oi~UJi--r~.@ .t -3 fci:t-T JL- (~**) ~:sF:~ *9 o ~ -3 t-T JL-~ ~!&it (1

~X-'>@~ , 2~Jz---'>2~..X~~) c 9.@ c, <::: O)~J&itt -T JL-~<::<t.> tt.@J\-1 J\ - J\
7x -51;t, ~..X~--r~~c§X..*9o

"""F~Ci)O).t-3 1<::, ~..X~f.J\ 1 O)c~l<::~;t@*-'Jtctci:fJ*9o uf.J'u ~O)'tj"J[.,f.J\

B:tlii\,Jt--z:' 65.@ t.: ~' @il\,1l1.." I;!:Et1i\U:t!.~ 2''--c -3 * < 'i3UJi \:' ~ T \,\to":\,\ L: c t.J'bf.J' fJ *
9o L:O) ~*:It~f.J'*~~"""Z:'9a fd:;t.), L:O).t-31<::t 7' J[;O) :~IUJif.J f.J\):EfJtJ: \,\ L:c

I<::J:: -..:> T, ~~7'-5 c t7'JL-c O)j..j l<::~Gtd~~O) L: c ~, iliftl~~cOP-lf

*9o
~ T, ~)Z~f.J\ 1 O)'t-T )[; C:l;!:.§j!~~~T -3 * < ~lji l'~ fci:il'-..:> t.:O)l', ~/3t

I;!: ~)Z~~~,\,\tJ)? T~"\!' U T J-J.* U J: -3 o ~~~ it.@O)~;!:, ~Jz~f.J\90)'1:7')[;

l'9o9~c"""F~®O).t-3~,~~~ ttk-T- 5(jit@.O)~)~lf-..:>kfJ7~~

1-- ut.:'t-T JL-~f~.@ <::: c f.J'--r 2' * Ld.:o l.J il' l.J , -T-5 O)fd:f.J'-..:> tcffB:lJ'I;t ~ O)
t -TJ L- (~~) il'~/*;::2'<?i-tLT <t.>fJ, L..tL--z:'I;!: ~O)t7'JL-~.t<~lUJi--r2'T

\,\.@ c ~d: §X.. *it fvo L: O).t -3 fJ:t"T JL-\:' ~;!: , ~~-T- 51<:Xt9 .@~/3tld: rE:J <

tJ: fJ *9f.J\ *~0)7'-5 I<::M9 0:m/3tl;t~ <to":-..:> T u * l\ *9o L:O)J:: -31<:::,

-=t-TJ L- t.J'~~~LJTl.J*-..:>t.:<:c-c, *~00)7'-5 ( -TA-1---T-5) c-=t-TJl.t

c O)j.,j l<:~ G td~~O)L.. c '1rtft~~~~ (Validation Loss) c 0Hf*9 o

@lMl~~--->'E-TJvb'~li'~<=-T-'i-~<= <..3'~.iE--->JIO)'ErJv <~~>

7-r·:; t-L-rs 1J, ~O)'Erlv ~J::<~IJI.LH'~
~~~= 1
e:
<~l!.~l '<t.WtJ: ~:>IWtk,<=tJ: ""?n '~
;~;J(=3

. L

087
 fi]AZ- Si'O)~J,;:l:, ~~~ 'ET' J[., '<:: d'3 (t ~~J?JSU<::? 'v \ T~ }{. te :t O)T: v te1J\
~~lc::I;:J:f1Jffl9 ~ 'E T'J t, -i-n-z-n -r:5;R~ v tc~:(t n lttc~: stJ:\,\J\1 J'i. - J\ 7 ;~.. ­

~if~-#~ v *9o *k, fiJAZ-Si'O)~T:~ v k2~~7570)~5~ ~m

1~ G -z:-~~9 .Q <: e: O)T: a tc~: ~, \ rp~~ :t ~ ~, \te YJ, "-£ ~ ~ -~ ~ 7 ;{ - ~ ~;.. tJ~-

7 .2. - =/ ~- 9 ~ ;: : _ t lifJ'f.i: ~). (., I,\ O)T:9 0

-r<: T:/\1 J\-J\ 5 :f..-~ ~ 5~~9 ~teYJ I<::, f~~~~l<::l;:l:~ * ~iJ;;tc~::t ­

~ ( ~~)~.2.-=/70)~ $if~~ viJ;; 9 o

- -m=W.M!/ci:=J:$1;:t, 9 -"( TO)J\1 J\-J \ 5 :f.. -~f~:fltiO)~JJ.&:btt :>if~f=r v ,

:t :J (:: 'B 'Ii~gO) ~ \, \ :t 0) :>if~=IR9 ~ t \,\ 5 1J5~ T:9 <: O)jj$1;:1: ~- IJ '/ Fit-
0

7 (:: \,\\,\, J\-{ J\- J\5 ;1.. - ~ fi~:fm0) $ T::t :J t :t ~ \,\ }\-{ J'i.-J\5 ;1.. -~ ~
~,-g·~m-r:a *9 o te te G, {~ffli O)•t.J~~ <t;s.~ t :t~•~lc::~t~::l::f.J{~::*:: 9 ~
te66, ~~7'- ~ f.J{~f.J' :J te l? 'ET' J[.,f.J{~~!ET:il5 :J tel? C::, -@]O)~~T:~'~
e: tc~: ~ ~~ii:t.J{::ka "'\~-a- 1c:: l;:l:f iJffl t.Jt12EJift-r:9 <: 5 "'\ :J tc.:t~&lc::l;:t9 ""-r -r:
0

l;:l:tci: <\,\ <? :f:p0)*£!JJ-'8-:bi:t ~ ~1j l.; , -r 0) 9=J T: :t :J (:: :t ~ \, \} \1 J 'i.- J 'i. 5
:f..-~~•m9~=J:$if•m ~n a::9o <:0)~5~~*~*~=F$if~~v *
9t.J\ <: <: T:l;:t-r0) 9=J T::t ~ <fUm ~ n.Q :t 0)~ "'\ <?tJ'*Bfl' v *9 0

7 /"Y'A -tt-7- ·I'\1':A'ftii?Ht

;;t. '9 t:: .::J.-IJ AT -(·;; ?Biilftt..-:c.'

00000 00000
00000 00000
00000 00000
0 0000 00000
00000 00000
· -t---.:"tO)tfiJJ.i%t.>iH:iitrr97.>0H' , - ~' < :J n' O)ft!l. JJ.i% t.> tt?: iitrr L.. "f 0)
t.? t t. J::~\/\1' 1~ - 1~7;1. - :9t.Jq~ <P l.'t.-:>tt.J;.~\1\1'1 ~ -1\7;1. - :9
l?;h-Q Hlim-t;;,
- L. t:J' L. ~+~•m•~;;~;: 1: t.j:;;, t::t~>. -t---.: -~n9-QtilJJ.~t>ttO)~tl>n'-'~*~
-c Eitrr9;;,.: t ntlft L. ~ '7 - A t:J{ ~ ~, * t,;:-~ $1.J{:f!H£ 9 -Q

088
 /\-{ 1\ -1\7 .>(- >' O)*E!d':f.ilbtt~ 7/7 L. 1<: ~11'9 ~-¥
$ o {PJ J\>'- ':-'§itf'J9 ~f.J,~:Jl'l:AE9 M2Wc~1'J9 0 <.: C:
~~~~k~, ~~k~~~=90<:C:~~&

~-~I~~~~ r - ~td:*LCS 0M~~~Mu, ~0)

111:1!\fr~,~ i.J'ItT if:;~ Vr ~\ <Mffi~O) <.: C:)J It::{!) T ~\0
*n~td:* u <.: t i.J'S ::gf<.tlt Sntc-¥):lio ~:f)J(<t2" * c'! *tJJ\>' - /:fi:
(!li£1!) 7 =- 'J /7, SA) ):!;
a:;< §it l_., , ~!.{ 1 <:~9$18[l!J~~ < l_., fJf.J' s J: ~ \*fl.d':f.-@;-bii
~~~9~o

jj ') ;::<,:@~ b \-3 @1~-'E-T J L-~fljffll_., T, J: ~ \}\-{ J~ - 1\

7.>( - >'~~~90-=J=):!:o §itl_.,IL:~\( -:Yf.J\0)}\7;! - >'{ifk.
tllic~i3tHt ~L., , -'C-O)~a~>a=::ttl<: , 2"SI<: rn'Jjj"ttJ'rS
*
< fJ, I) -'C- -3 J i.J'-:; r t2 jW ~ l_., ~ n T l \ fJ 2" -'C- -3 J td: J \ 7
.>Z - >'··~·:AE90<:(::~, ~·~~~*~ft "3o

~~?!JO)Ji, {l:;O) L <d':f.H~inJ utc-¥i:E:o J\-{ J\ - I\ 7 / ->'

O)md':f.ab-tt~•$ ~td':f. td:u, ~~·~~ · ~M~ ~ ~
cO)ffi.I!J1~< IJ)gu ft -3 Ct'!1-t~ 1"t) <:tcH\md':f.f'!b
tt~JW~90o

/\'( r\-1\7 J( - 11 tit 7 JI,;O)*tt/:~~RN> 9f!i0);: t

*~~ t ~~~t:5t~9 9
1\ '( 1\ - I \ 7 J( - 11 ~ E1 itJ "(' ~R N> 9 ~i:tt :5 1'¥1£9 9

089
 -~~m'l:s~.' -rf.l!:~ ~ ~J ~m' ~ 1-r ? 1:11, *ilili-T- 9 t t.t :Q *•(])
7 /'(JI-1'1 ~
7 - 9 tl&,~1"9 o - ~xl:, *iGiti-T- 9 Jfl(])7.1'(JI-1ttt 1: l;t~ll!1fitJ'tJ' fJ 91J', '*
~~lb~m'H~? t"'fiJIIJ*=Il~~fl:;~ -tt9''1:, 7r\Ji-1ttt9 :Q-T - 9 ~j.,•f,t ( -z:·~ *9 o

~lH~~~ (f-!itcf.JI:~fficf6 IJ ~~) ~fr? tc~ ic IJ::;*;:m0)7-"'JL- (lEm) fi~ Y' ­

$7 f.J{£<~-r9t.J\ 7-"' ll--1'HtO)f'\=~Him*il'9 o f:O)tc~, ~~i!ir-$7 ~t><H

<~~~?"t~~(~~~~)9~0)l'~~<. ~fi7-$7 0)8~~?T~~

9~ ~~$a ~~m 9~t~~~l' 9o

f:~ f: ~ 7 -"'JL-filtl<:: ;IS It ~~~{~O) ~~tttJC( .)( -;/"Z"~ ~ \, \, t \,\?]]
O)k~~' ~~-~* G ~?o ~~l'~,r~~~~J0)~~7?~-lff:h~

hfiil t \, \"3 ~~ 7? $7-fcJ.I])fJ', ~;fflt~ ~l' -'¥U J:E t_., fc\,\ t t_., *9 o il!iH~I<::IilE
mO)~¥&tJ'{113-~ h T \,\fcJ_ \, \fc~, @j~- -:> --:>l])lEm~ Atl'-'¥U:J'E l_., , f:I]) J:.

l'~fi7-~~~~G*9of:l])~ ~~9~)..~~~. ~~~~0)~~~7

? ~-O)~td3 ~lE~ic:tE;:tfi l_.,-'[\,\fJ:Ith lttJ: I') a::ttlvo a::tc, lE~~~)\)J9

~~ ~J:~-m- l"tJ: c ~~~,,a::9t.J\ soo~(!?~J;<._tcf6 ~ ~~ ~ ~O)!fiJ~~fr?

~~1-:>0)~-~ 1 ~1])~~ 7 ?$7 - ~~ ~~i!"~~~l'~~I'Ja::-tt"fvo~*

tuT,~-~-I"~fiiJ@~--~ll-:>~~lfct61J,~M~~MV~~IJa::9o

~~fr~Hc~gffi7-~ ~ f'FP.X:9 ~ ~ t iJ:~~tJ:O)l'9 o

71'\Jl.-ft(t(J)
::J .A 1-- tl}&i\,'

71'\J l.-ftft(J)
::J.A 1---t.J'il!;\,\

090
 ~~~-~~k~5~. --~- ~~~·~~~~~~~~- *~®~-~
f.J' s 7"'Jltf;:tft~l'(~ ~-~ ~~~ ~ ~!Z,~tiifj t) *~ 0 ~ f.J' ~- {PJ~~~(;:
Jn~~n (t J: L'®l' u J: 5 t.l'o 3
*~Jet, 9: ~-- 6 t> t.,l-'7- ~®7""Jlt~f'F~9 ~ L. t C'~ o 13JjStJ'i<: I~5)1Jt.J'
-::/ ( ]\:jiO) ~- ~ J: t) =5, [~j:JIJ1J' 3:: ~ S b l_, \, '0'~0)~-~ 0) .:;:71'()[t~f'f./JX l_,

T~~ u td;:t. 5 t.J'~tlrEJ...t(<: -::Jtd:t.J'~t.-::66~~ o L. ® L. t (cJ:, A®~~~;:~~

~~T~~~;IJ:t)C::~~ - yC'~ ~C'~J:5 o

L. n S ~~ a; ~t.::...t ~. Section02 T::t {~? tc. Ah§)ffl t Bh§)fflO)~U~~? T

IDt,I3Jj l_, *~ o T IZ!®J: 5 (<:, Ar.!f)ffit BJ;5)ffi ( 71'( Ji_,fi~-T' - ~) ®7J':til® i;:ft.J\
(PJJ;S;ffitd:®f.J'/fi3Jj ( .:;:7 1'()i_, tJ: l_, ~- ~) ®7J':filt.J'bt.J'? T L' ~ t l_, * ~ o '51'(

JLtM~~-5®(}).c·)ffi"ljO)~,W~~ ~L 't.::®tJ'T~li:l'9o ~·~(;:jJ!,Wt~®

.mfl~...t'f~'c 'a:, ;m"lJ /fllJj®~/1!®5t:>. -=&*~ sbuL ' cmw~...t'c~

~iliL') ~M~~~C'. ct:J S®)ffi!iii<=~~~®t.J'~Ilil < (7"'1'-' ~fi(t~)
®tJ' J: L' T: ~ J; 5 o BJj S f.J' (<: [Rl.JIJ T:~ ~ ~)};! (Ah§iit> ~ L \ (;_j: B r.!f (<:iliL \ t - §
~btl'~~&!) ~JR~ T: 71'( J i_, ~ fi(tT :t, mW*.lR®~J!t (;t(a:; t ~ c ...ttJ' t) *
i:t~o

lj liffi.\SA

foJ.\Sifflb'
¥~;t-rt>S?

a;~·snu~'r- - 57 a;~'GtJuL'T"- 570) 9Jr¥J: Olll:ili7'- 57*

( 7 «JL,t~ L.,) "iili-S· JEf!fl~cl'j«Q ( ':J«IL-(11 t) 1fm u T~B'21 J?

091
 rtlra, (query)J C: \,\ -')
lmiil~1!l-r~<t, r~'i!i:& (Ieamer)_._~ r!I9JJl1J~ (oracle)J

3~0)Jf.l~~~"? T*ffl. G * 9 o ~W ~fi -3~~%'1.J\ 7 - 5 O)iEM -7 -"Jl- ~

m ~!¥JJJ.IIJ%''<:~ G, lEM-7-" J L-~rp~ -3~rp~ ~ 1'T"? T '5-"JL-tHt9 ~, C: 1..' -3 ;nt

n-r9o t~;JB, ~~i:f(;t~.fiit~~:.;.::z-T b, !¥1Jl.IIJ%',<t.A.F"'~' ~fp~~1'T-3 <: U<t

7 -"JL-t:nt ~ 9 ~ <= e: e: PJ~-r9 o

~etf (learner) *'!HUff (oracle)

j{F.\'J (query)

mtn1.J{~f/R-r~ t.:: C: <: -3 -r, ~ll?.iH<= * ~ Sb G 1.. ''7-"JL-{1~ 7-5 ~11=~-ft

*fj{]t~'F)~C: GT, l-~Cf0)3 ':) ~~re G T \,\~ * G .t -3o

( 1) Membership Query Synthesis

* '& S b G1.. \7'- 5 ~ El S 1'F fJ t±l G t.: d5 C: , -*U l.iiJ ii ~<:~rp~ ~ 1'T -31J5! -r 9 o
tc C: X. (i, 'Fit~ ~"F 0) l®1~~~~ 'C (;J: 1 C: 7 tJ'1l;Z T \,' ~ tc 66, 1 t 7 0) $ Fl3, (<::
~X.~ J: -3 t~=Fi!!~~"FO)@i1~~ ~.6JG G, -*IJ7JIJii~<= :iE ~~5-" J L-~~ FP, G *9 o

(2) Stream-Based Selective Sampling

5-"JL-1i't1.J{)*fv -z'\,\t~ l..\7- 5 ~ 1 -:>!& fJ t±l G, -r0)7- 51.J{* ~ Sb G
'tn(cJ:iEfiR 5 -" JL-~~rp~ G *9 0 ~rp, Gt~tl'"? t.::7-5 '<t~~~n*9 0

(3) Pool-Based Samping

:l\:~0)5«JL-t~
G7-59-"T'<:-=>I..'T* ~ Sb G ~ ~~t~G, =t "? C: :t~
~ ~<=1~.li~7 - 50):iEM5-" JL- ~~FP, G* 9 o

092
~~~(learner)

1?7?
Membership 3
Q uery Synthesis

l=l
';;1'{)1,1';;: L,
7'-5'(7)~*1)
(7'- JL-l

~tmutc:
*~'S p l.,t,\ j''-5'

stream-Based Pool-Based
Selective Samping
Sampling ~ro, (query)

j
't-:JC::'t *~'SpL,~
:f'ifflC:
a:~ Sp l,\, \ fd:lthi;l:'
%gf-~
T'- 5'% 1 -::>)1M;' fi~
IH~ ?-"'JL-I;t
OOZ:'9
(';il'()!,j";jlt%1'1"5)

~lb, (query)

093
 ~-~#~ffi~~-~-(~t~ft~n#A~A~~Y.~*~-~~<~~-~
\.I~(: c·~ o j'-' - ~ ~fljJfJ~ ~tllit!':F~t:1'J\. 1 "'(' 11, folii:lt~(~j)IJtj; ~~ 'ij/;l:!l!~c· ~ o

~ ~ Z't1folli:tto:>ltl- ~ ~~~:fJ'. ~- ~ :fJ'~ ~*1Ml1*~?Hfi~ ~.J.~'b~W~ ~ * ~o

a::9(;H§~~1~dt:-:::> "' ' -rm-:> T eta~ a:: Lt J:: ?o ~§00~1* C: (;J:, rc!5 .@~~:b{
:*: ~ \,\ C: ~ ~;:, itho:>~~:t :*: ~ \, 'J rc!5.@ ~~:b':*: 2' \,\ C: 2' ~c:. f{gO)~~(;J:Jj \
~ \, \J (:\,\-:;>ti:~~O)L.C:l'9o "M"~'ifJEO)ffi~~f*, f~~'if~O)ffi~OOfft(:
"''"''*9 a tc C: xJ;f, ~~1.J'~l-,}d~cf4s:~ :t~ l- \~rPHt:c!5~tc~. ~~C:.p.js:
~i;J:JEO)ffi001.J' c!5.@ C: §X.. a:: 9 a ~R tc: ~~001* C: C;J:, rc!5 .@~~'if ~ 1~ ~it tc
e: ~ tt:, 1~0)~~:t~i~9 .@J 001ft0) <::. C: 1:'9 a ffiOOOOf*C: t;J:)31J~l'i!5.@ <::. C:
'if 1!~ Lt a; Lt J:: ? a r ~~:b'~ 1., \).j~ c .p.js:;i::b';i:"' \J C: \,\? ffiOOOOffttC: <f3 \,' T i;J:.
r ~~'lfie!l~iitiif4s:~:b':m < tJ..@J ~~OOffti;J:JE Lt 1., \:b':t Lt n *it Iva Lt :b' Lt.
r.p.js:~'!f*~it~-~~~U .@J~~OOi*~ JE Lt <~O*itluaf4s:;i:~*.:t T
:t~~i;J:1E!l U9, tete"}$;.-:> T \,\ < tC. ~-n:: tJ.-:> T Lt *\,\ a::9 o~~t~C~t~IH~~~)

~~ffiOO~~'If~m9-@L.C:~l' 2'a::9~. ffiOOOO~ ~~l'~-~f*'if ~-~

(t.@ (;: (;:!:1/lU\Il:b'~ IJ a; 9 a

.....·:... .......... .·'. i:. li§~

.". ....... .. i$31!~1:\'>~

f1' J-.fl(V) I) .7(1';j:\, I
~~1.J~f$LJ.Q

!ltll
* fl'A. = ¥.!f!il '5: !lfF L-c~ft~ tt0 c:c

094
 Df~toml C:: let, r:i.fi::~:Het!Z<;l:!iF1:1*lf*t.NJ \,\~~O)r13%:, ~~..tJ 1.,\j}flllO)~~O)

~~C'IZ<;l:liF1:~f*di"C'~ T \,\~ J: -51t::~;t~ L: CJ L'9 o L: 0)5!;tfci:\, \j}$0)~

IZ<;jO)L:(::{!: r3<:~~~J r~~IZ<;JT-J r:tt~~J (::Jll!L,3\ L:C::-b(jij'J*9o t.::C::;tl;:(
r A :f--{!:9 ~ A1J{~ 1., \II~'HIJl let~m~ ~ {!: ~ -5 AtJ{~ 1., \J C:: 1., \-5 ~f*let~fJ;i..ffi
I*JC::i;t*9oL:L:"C'O)~M~~C::GT~kC::;t~~-~~;t.Sh~"C'G~-5o

=t G~5.ffil.1J<f~\.,\tJS, ~IE~~{!:~ -3 Aiet~ <tJ~Iet9-r9 o *t.::, ~5.ffi\.1J{f~

\.,\(::~tJ<~(tJ'J, A:f--~9~A=t~(tJ'J*9o -t"O)I~1J', r!j\"F~O)~f

~ 7 A I-- O)pjz~ C:: 50m l!OJ '7 1 b.J O)~f*=t~fJ;I..ffi ~O)PJ~~1~1J<r'S:J \,\ t i ;t iK
9o L:O)~~"C'(jijh~ ~M~~~ ~~"C'9o~~~~~h~~-O)~h~~
~ G, 50m 7! OJ ? 1 b. -b ~ tf ~ OJ let Elf'?.\ L' (jij ~ t i ;t ~ "C' G J; -3 o
t.::tC.G rA::t--AD~±~t->iil;:( lmm~~O)m~tJ(r'S:JiK~ J r~t~T"A 1--0JP.lZ
~t.i:~lfhlt, 50m l!OJ? 1 b. -brP:l~9 ~J O)J: -3 lt::~:liF1:~f~Ht::11lO.~t-> t:Hi!iU
-:>ItT G * -3 C::, 1J';t? T*Jlt.i:~t~? T G * \,\*9 o

.A.::f- I <::~'T<.A.O)~ ~~~~{!~-?.A.(J)~

~~"T.A t-O)~*~ SOm )E(J)-9 -11>.

095
 ~-~~s~-~~~ff3•~~- T•~ ~ 3~ti~~ 5 ~~~~~*~0
~- ~ ~:5J'ttfGtc~-.~l!l t ~n-Q=t~ c·~~") t~-t ~n-Q=t~("~-")
~~-~~~~-Q(::~~~-Qk~~t~~~o ~~ti~~5~~~. ~~~~

!!F · 12S.!!F~~Jt~~b n--c "''-Q=t~c·~;IJ\ ~~!!F~~*le~t~fiJfflLdc~ - ~

~ff'r'<::~:rc:J$~=t~~_,,~ G J:: -5o
m~~~~s~-~~~~-<~~=t?t=t•~~~$~. ~-~~0~~
~$tG--c. 5~*k~ll~~-~~~*~o ~•~u~n~~.NB ~ ~~
tll¥,in-Q~t;I)\ ~\,\1J'=tuh*tt!uo tc txJi, £5-Q7~7- I-- ~~-. rw.~
c:: l;tlv ~~ "'-T ~_,,~ ~ b t r~JX*.i!l J ~FI3,,<::~$ \, \;f§001J'~ Shtc t u *~ o rw.~
L:' l;t 1v ~ ~ "'- ~ t P.X;~;/J{ _tt.J{~ J t ~_,' 3 *.BID!B ~ ~ <tc ~I<: l;t, ~ ~ "C' WI c 'cl: !u
~~"'-~?.JL- - 7 Cil'J..?'JL-- 7) t~t.lcicl:lv~~ « t.J\,\?'J L- - 7 (.l:t~?'JL- -

7) ~ 5 ~~".b.I<::?:J'tttc...t~. P.X:Jl:~~f.J'~ ~ :iJ'c -3 1J'~~.~~11'3!B,~t.J'~

IJ *~0 *tc. w.lc'cl:lv~~«-Q1J':S1J'~nl;t, ~?'JL--7~~W~IPJ G l<::~
~!B,~=t i51J *
9 ~ ~ ~ 3 ,<::, ·~!!I .. ~~1w.tc tt ~~f~~ tt --c "*5* .. ~~
0

~~ -Q~R1J'5 ~~'.b.1~~Rtci:~"C' ~ o

l!l.~x-t ~ . ~IDE~ .Q-¥$1d: (;0) ~\ij:~~~ T -B*<!i*t.l{-¥jl_"g .Q <:. c

'&H! I' 1;(. :$'1-0)~ * c '*&* • O)ffi ~ t->. • *&* ' 1;(.:$'1-0)~~ t · ffiHZ:;J ' 0)
;ffif~M{59\ <tJ: \.' <:. C:o '&12;1 . c '~* ' O)*§ll.\ltc 'tt.J~~.rz:-::> T59l~ ';: t

5 ii - &PG;~f* • &~' 0)1i!f.l<~~ <fd:.Q t , '~*" O)f~-B-*-f<H<:~~ <fd:-G;: t

6 :£~ t~ ~ 7J'!Ilf C0U ~ ~tr1:!1o/J ~ · ~~) OJ'/f; ~~'c-t.t -:ic\ T:t-::>t -B S uc \<:.C::

i&l:t;;OJmSi!. e: ::¥1l!l u tJ: ~.';: e:

ma;~2 ntc~J.mtt 1f~ ffl~-G~ ~irJli1f~ C~Jx_l~l!:i~~~l :tf:fH±~
.QC:: t

1::1'.!11! : Hill, Austin Bradford (1965). 'The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation?". Proceedings
of the Royal Society of Medicine. 58 (5): 295-300. PMC 1898525. PMID 14283879.

096
 ~ffR~fi-5 z::. e:: tf~11£tJ:~i51ct, ~¥-1 -=> -z l,\g-T-5 ~15e:-=> -c ~~l<=lftl-\

*
7:i'ffr (~1tl.~ffR) ~f'Tl, \ 9 o -t- OJ5J't!T.:.F~OJ 1 -:;-//·, IEI9ii11tlt'i7'if 1' / T9 o
L. OJ-'.F 5~C' l<l:, t~Ji!.~O)"Ilfi~C' l<l: "!Jjl:fi§ " .L.j9j..O) ~ *tJ{I~I£~t> S tJ: l- \ L. C:: ~
fiJ!fl G* 9 ~*~ · tc 11 ~ ~ft ~ tt-z • ~~ • ~~~9 g:::;; '/ 1/ b. ftttw~®
0 ..

C:: liil Gct -3 fJ:t'\55LtJ{~!HJ[T~ gfd!xc·9 o ~~l<::i:J::~~. ~~1<=9i-* !!~ ?J&O)

X>t?J&~II)(g C::, 70~~tJH<=W9 !mOJ9i-*~=i!f~tJ{~:IJ O G 'Z l,\g L. C:: tJ{~ 'ZI!Jln

*9o *k, ~••OJ~aftmtt•~- roM~ e ~~t3~~S2~~~~*

9o L.hW9i-OJ~ •~ ro~OJ ~ilfi ~~C'~~~IiiJG C::~~Sh~OJC' , ~a
fttf!.tt• c·JJ.R ~" ) tclt~~ft~tt-z9i-*~~~ C"*a~·) OJ~1t~~~-z:~*

&k.:.F~cG'Z.~ ~~~~ T~~/~~~*9oL.OJ-'.F $ C'~.~~~ ~-

5~~fflG'Za~~~~~c~*9o~~~~~~~·l*~"if~~Gkc~
OJ~1t Ctc:C:: ~I;f, 5~Jtl±~H)H<::ctg)~Jiq'T~"'- OJ~~) ~ ~~9 gc~I.:::~XIJ

C'9o

.1 . ·········--------· -· ---------- -- ... - ----- ~--------- --

.05 --········· ..... ____..... ... _____ .. _

65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 :!j:~

#ml : Shigeoka. Hitoshi. 2014. "The Effect of Patient Cost Sharing on Utilization. Health. and
Risk Protection." American Economic Review, 104 (7): 2152-84.

097
 22
•~~m'~ AT 1... ·n:t~ t.- t.t 't nltt.t E> t.t ~ I(J)I;t, ~A 7 J...(J)~.Q .~. ~~:ff::i:l: li
~Jm-r~ t.t ~ 1 .#.. -r9 o a- ~~!l!ffi9 .Q J::? f.t ~A 7- 1... z.·l;t 7 1 -
~ 7 Jt- F 1\ ·;; 7
JL.- - 7"iJ~~ ;:: ~)' 7#Jiit~lbf'F a- 51~ I§;:: 9~it-t if>~) *9 0

-~~- ~~ ?k~ ~ ~b~~~~~~~G~if~~ *~ o~~ ~, ~-F

OHI ~ 1:1 t.: tt-rl! ~.A 7- kO)ilft.Q~I.'fJ~·m~-r ~f.!: I. '~"Z'~ o •t~~~tJ~-T­

~ ~~~~~ ~ -81.-~....t, ~ ~ ~ b<DtiN-831lfl.\lj: T'- ~ I<:~~< 1t<ff-Vc G 3:: \..\*

~o 7c<Dtc.ttJ, :t Gt~I'J {E-a-fvtc-T - ~ ~=c-TJL-tJ~~~ vn.~ *-5 ~, 'E-TJ[.,
<Dtl:\:tJtJ~~~ G t.,: \.. \-b <D ';:t.,:? T G * -5 PJii~1'1tJ~~ -8 <D"Z'~ o * tc.., m!~~­
~~ ~b"Z' ~, ~~~L<D?~OO~ G S- ?<D~ -~~~~-8 ~ , ~<D~«T

0)~-.:t ~b? T G *-5 (Changing Anything Changes Everything, CACE), \.. \

bl;f r~~ S~ :llTtLI;fL. ~ StJ~:lltc..~\..\J 7-~tJ~~-80)=b GI;:I:GI;:I:Fo~!m~
t.,: ~ 3::9 o tc ~X.. It, ~P.l<D@if~~~'ie#)b*-tt, ~Pl*~ ~!j'lj~IJ 9 -8'ET' )[.,~

~~Gk~G*9o~0)-5~, M~O)*~(k~X..~~~D)O)~~MNif~

< fJ:l.\~'S-I<:,;t, tm~~w'E-TJ L-C0J\7 :1- -~{fl.\ G? tc.. ~, ~~ D C0@i1~-T­

~ ~~:IJD G tc.. ~ L., 3::9 o L.~I<:J::? T ~ ~DC0#iJJllj ~!Jf.tJ{J: <t.,:? tc.. ~ G T .:t,

fiP,O.)* ~ O)!j'lj 5Jijffl!Jf.tJ~~fc_~g L. ~ lj:~ruf-z'~ *it fvo fiP,O)* ~ lj:!j'lj5JijtJ~ll£ G

( fJ:-8 L. ~ :t+5J'~ X. S h3::~ o f~1~ ~Bc·lj:=t:5"J[.,O)rcp:!(;}tJ~7·7 'Y? It{ 'Y?
~~ t.,: g tc..t/J, j:}Ng31lf\., \~1§~~9 g L. ~ :fJ{~~l:9 0

Cha nging Anyth ing Changes Everyth ing

'T-9

098
 im,),~~ ~ nt.: :~UJT O)T'- 9 t<:~-:J' t, \ T ~B~-'ET' JIAf: ~!fiT G T
t, \ < J: -5 tc:i: 11!Mi\t~
~:.;A 'T b. l' tel:, :.; ;z 'T b.O)~fflmJMnltrt<: -i-O)j:~~ -t, \ ~-=f)~U9 ~ 0)1J{Jj£ G t, \

~"8-1J{ i.lfjt')3;9o ~(<::31:\, ~f;Htf.::\,\O);b{, 7-(-f:J\,y"/)[.,-7'-z'9o 71-

t''J\ ·;.~? JL-- '1' C: lei:, :.; ;z 7 b.O) #N~-\, \;b{~~I<::Jll3~ ~:&I£ G, ~~~<::~)~~9

~T'-91J{~il:iJ'S~Yil~~ttT~1LGT G 3: -5!J?.~-r9 o
<:: 0)~, :,; A 'T b.O)~~-\,\O)~fL:iJ{~ l'il5 ::> t.:: IJ J$0~1<::~<:: ::> t.: IJ 9 ~~

"8-lcl:, ~~-\,' O)~{l:;O)~ti:Hcl:lt~ffl:i.J'A.J.: A- l'9 o -15, :.; A 'T b. 0)1/N~~

\, \:f.J{f*!.( l<: ~b ::> T \,\ ::> t.: IJ, -'ET' )[.,0) ~*JTO)!Wi./.t:fJ\{,1£ \, \~'8-lt:: tel:, ~~ -~- \
O)~fLI<:31:1.-:5< O):f.J'JI!n~~-8-t.J'cl5 IJ 3::9o
@j~ffltc:i:7 1 - 1-= J\ ·y? JL--70){7JJC: GT lei:, -T~U!fi'l:f.J{il5 tfSn3::9 o :Y
J~Ulf®c lei:, ~~0)~8~0)7 - 9 ~-=t:T'JL-1<::~~~-tt, ~8~f.J{~ < ~ ;:: ~ C:-T
~~ ~ n~~Pff~m,~ffli<= Vvm9 ~~vmO):tJJ!-z-9 0 ~~,ci:~B~O)~c: ~~pff ~
~~ i¥Jit:/\ 1-- D- )[.,9 ~ t.::/9), -i- O)t~pff -z'O)~*{'t~lcl: ~ <t.,i: IJ 3::9 o <::hi<:
J: ::> -r ~ s 1<=~8~0)7- 9t.J{~m~ n -r ~,, ~ , -rO)t~p-ff-rO) !fvmlc!: ~ s 1c~1L
~nTI-,~3::9o <::nlcl:, ~~iE/\-17A (i&:m~~ill9.@11U&Ii:i.J'IJ~~ I9),
,&{71J 1,j:~l9) J: -5 C: Gt.,i: 1- \@rPJO) <:: C:) 0) Eli!.JfL I<: ta::i.J'tc:i: IJ a;: i± fuo

~8~<7)~[':~
:[~~

.:H!IJil!lJ;~ L-'<7)
I
I ~*;J!<7)~1JO
I
I
I
I .:Nl~ ti!J~:[
I ~lt'i'?-il"JI~~v;
®:ti~ 7-(-~
Fb?Jl--/ I

-- --- I

~B~1JJE9 ;: .Q DJ ~§1'!:!:1:J~·
~\,1~pfT :[7 ]~

099
 mttiat.J tJ: 7 1 - ~;' '') ? ;~ - ~
JB :11' tJ: 0) t.J\ El 't:: ~ x_ tJ: \,\ r"',~at.J tJ:
7 J:
71'-~J'i.·y?J~-7-z'9o <:.n~IWUtt.:71- I''J\·;;-?Jv-7.!::\.\\,\, 11\:V:

uk~~O)~~~~~A7b~"1:~<:.0*9o
N*~UOJAt±c Bt±t:J~5J!J!.< 't::~~~~~{.ie:? tc 1-- L--- ~~AT b.~1'F? tc
cu*uJ::?o -i-n-t:tnOJ!-- L---~~ATb. lcl:, iUJTOJJJ)(si-T-?I~~~v-c

~-TJ~~ffi1l~~?f/TV'l\.\~ *9 o t;: 3-JJ\ ill.~~t±AOJ~ AT b'LJ'i.?·t.J~~

~, @ ~0) ~AT blt::7f'fiJ't'$0J~ "AT blt::~fiJ c fd:~ J:? tJ:Ill(sl ~fJ? -r u

*?tee u *9o 9 ~ t, **tJ: t;~~tJ:\,\Il)(siOJ-T-?7 ~~iE'*~t±BOJ~ A
T b-JJ~~~9 ~tc(!), m*~f±BOJ~ AT b=t *tc-7w:ltt~Jl)(51~fJ? -r u *
\,\ *9 o ~ S 't:: -i-OJJJ)(si-T-?1 ~ At±OJ~-T )~-}]{~~ G, At±,t::J: ~-7W3tt~
Jl)(slt:J{~ S'<=1'J.:bn~;: t l<=tJ: IJ *9o <.: OJJ:? ,<::: , ~AT bt:Jqsn:""Z'~? -r

=t, ~~""-OJ, ~~ \,\lci:$~-JJ\t;O)~~~~ c; -rr"'~~at.JtJ:7 1- ~ ;' '')? ;~-

7-JJt~;: ~ <.: t =t <15 ~ 0)"1:9 0

1\!nr.::;~ 1 - ~ "' ~? Jv- ::1

~mtJJ1ll.si%B"Ivtc-T-5' %'.':F~

~~tJJ1ll.sl%a-~vr.:
7'-5'1.J'!¥~

~tlt.:7 -( - ~
I b? Jl.-- "1

7'-5'

1---L-- - ~ ~~fd:JU~s l%
~:A'T .b.I'C./~·'7 B'lvtC.'T'-5'

100
 4~

~w•~s.~•*~wm•~~<~m~n~
7 Jv:fiJ A'bt:-=fWfm~l:-:>lXC. Wi~~~~

L""Cl'~*9o ~*~~~lcJ:1'0JiHI:~fJ*9
ti. ~ <~nl;:f:;::;:tJv~~~~:~-j'< t>wt>
~l'W~9 o u"J(fJt:~~""Cl'~*LJ:3o
 r
lEI!!; t 11, 7- 111:: -t ? t -t 7 '~' ·:; t- 9 .Q '~ ~ ~ 1 <;: t J t.:· t Jist? -r J:: ~. '-v ~.- .~: ? o
f:O)f;:I!J)O) =f.$i;.t VC ;: ;: T£1$IEIIJI · :IIEI!fflJ • ~lJi~ IEI9m • DI ~ .:A 1-IEII'm ~~

rutvn.'~*"to

_.IEUiHt, ~!ZS11 -:Jt*a* 1 -:J0)~1*1i:®:~~-v~G*9o fj!Jt VC J\.::?.1<::.

<1St>~(~~ x) 1f: -:J~ G T J\.::?.0) ~~ (y) 1f:5~~~~~1f:~ ~*9 o ~!ZSJ t tJ:~m
~ x 1f:~~.tlf:l~~, ~*t tJ:~)'-*0)~~ v 1f: 13~ ~~t JJ'¥lf, ~mO)*a*f~ s
hk~-~1f: ~~7 ~ 0)~~0~~ G*9o~~y=0B6~~~7~~~
Mi:~ Cf*~~) 0, ®J:!i 60)~~~ct5 ~tc~, ~-~ O) J;~Uc:: :t ? t =tYd? J:? tJ:
~~~1f:5 1 '·Hf, ~).i§i/J: Ot6 1f:>.K~ Sh* 9 o r~ - ~0)#-Uc:::t? t :till'-3 J t
icJ:, ~~t -T- 5' 0)~~0)-8-~ttJ{~'Nc:: tJ: ~;: t ~9 o /\.::?.O)~~tJ{20.5cm~ ,
II iHti ~ 20cm tc ? tc t 9 ~ t, ~ i!iHcJ: (y 0) ~ ;J!~ 1~) - (y 0) II iHti1~) =20.5-
20=+0.5~9 o ~;!!~~tJ{ 1 9.8cm tc? t.::t~-8-icJ:, ~~~lcJ: -0 .2 t tJ: ~ *9 o tete G,

<:: 0) * *~~0)-8-~t1f:~ ~~ t, §~~0) + - tJ{:jT5)~ G-8-? T G * t,\ *9 o -t

L.-r'~@JicJ:~~tfJit::M!l!Gt->9\.\ J:-3 , ~~~0)2*0) f01f: r~~~0)-8-~tJ t~

~*9o <::O)J:-3~, ~~O)a~ 1f:>.K~~k~0)~1f:~~~~c•~~ru t

\.\\.\, ~~0) 2 *0)f01f: t? T~,N~9 ~1J5!1i:ti'J'=~~* t \.\\.\*9 o

t:ltJ~)O)~~ J~';?-.0)~~
l!!t8Jl:l!:~xl 1~•1 l13illl:l!:~YI

102
 •~~~~~~. ~~cm~~ru~•~~~~~~sh~•a. m@~~
ff.lL.'*9o t.:~.::Ucf!J,7'6/60)%_H::~~9~m~~~~ G-r. r.5~iiim. ~11'
60)~~ &••0)~~~. ~-~~~~~*~*~~O)~~~Sh*9o ~
hSW~O)m~~~~x,, x2 , x3 ,···~ G-r. Y=0x,+.6x2+ D x3+·· · +•~l. ' -3i.t
'L: G, ~O)~"C".'~~tci:{*~0.6D ··· ~ -~3j<llt)~0)11{~~~"1".'9 o ~ O)i.tt;J:-:7
~7~-r~•oo~G-r~~h*9.~ft~m~~ft~~9~r~-O)~~Jt
~~~ C:: t11{-r~ ~t.::llt)~Ji (weight)~ rPJ!';:fh, w"C".'~~h~ C:: t ~~ ~ *9.
~0) ~~~•9«~~. •m•~tt-r9. ~h~. kt~~•*~t•*BO)
J: -3 ,L:, m~0)5!RL.\~ft~ji!jj)J t ~ ~)tBJj~~ 'L:.A.h -r~@]~~~fr-3 t , lEG <
@] ~ffl11'-r ~ t.,i: ( f.,i: ~ C:: t "1".'9 o ~ ~#t'Jl.•li ~ ).i£Ht ~ 'L: ,;t, ;ffi~O) 5ta L.' ~)t BJj~ ft

0)« ?1J'~ ~ ~a'L ~ -s s 11'-:n~ IU~. ~ fl# <~ t 11'~t:JJ tL: t.,i: ~ * 9 0

r6®iliiiDm x, ~j!ll]~ y
{(j)@§,@fl§,
lR:b' S (J)Jfr~ X2
~ §····· ·0) ll~fii
!1~~0)7\:~ ~ x3 ~~(l)T'-9)
tt~~O)ll! x.
JfiiD
y=Ox,+L~.x2 +e

1fZiliiy = Ox,+ "' X2 + Dx3 + ··· + •

= W 1 X1 + + W, X2 + W 3 X3 + ··· + .
= w·x+ e t
x,
l
l!INI:; ~~00~ = ~;H~(l) =~(l)W
= ty<D - (w, x,<D + w2 Xzu:+ w3 Xxv +··· + e )} 2
+ {y(!)- (w1 x,:2J + w 2 xw + w3 x"l(j) +··· + e )} 2
+ ty!!..- (w1 x,,f + w 2 x"" + w 3 xw +··· + e )} 2
+ ..... .
J 2 = ~~2

103
 1
~f*tf@:t'R-ctc~:\,\t_~x_snv:±~-8', ~~aft.l£~0)2*, 3* . ... >i!:~X-*90
L.L.C:\ ~rty=0x 1 +6x 2 +0x3 +· .. + · it:XfGT, ~~tci:{*~OL. D· · ·t e
~*~vO)~, -~~~~-c9. L.O)~ ~rt-c~~~**-c~x.v~~~~
c ~, \ ~, \ 9 * o ~.X~~ ±~t->9 C:, J: iJ t~Jjttc~:ff!J~>i!:~!iUR -c 6 * 9tl\ @J~~*a~O)

ff!J't'J(tJGF3i:AE: (<: tJ:-:> T G *-50) -z:')i!@: G *u J:: -5. 'T 0) ?"57 -z:' id:, ~X ~~

300 (C Gtc tc~ i<:ff!J't'Rt.J'/1'3i:AE: (<: tc~: I), ).®'j2~tJ<~L. -:J T \,\ *9 o

~~it[QJ~Il'!

y = Ox + L>x2 + Ox' + ···· ·· + e

10~c=====~======c======c==~-,------.-~~~

300 y = Ox + L>x2 + ...... +Ox3oo+ e

8 2 y = Ox + L>x2 + e
!---+ y = Ox + e

6
y

4 -

2
.. •• •
•
• ;~~tf;l::: t:!t,l(if.~'
/
lllll'J~:IJ~'filfll(;:f;j:-@

0
-3 -2 -1 0 2 3
X

Geron, Aurelien. Hands-on machine learning w ith Scikit-Learn and T ensorFlow : concept s. tools.
and techniques to build intelligent systems. Sebast opol, CA: O 'Reilly Media, 2017.1]) Figure 4-14
'lf~~lc: f"F~

W1Nt; ~~~~ = ~~a:c*O)ffi

={y(!) - (Ox~>+L>xJ +Dx:t+ .. ·+e )} 2
+ {y(l) - (Ox:;, + ""X:t + Dx:t +··· + e )} 2
+ {y<>> - (0)\,-, + L>xj> + Dx:i; +· .. + e )} 2

104
~ DJ~'A j... (iii~) IQI9ffl
fi'J '=*$0)XJ~C: V"C j}hfrn: (ftEO)frn:tJ'S:l\:~ <j}htdii) tJ'it5-:>fc~
'@lt;:@)~*i1i~fJ'fttHj:9hfc>:=bO)t;:tc>: -:J -n.~ * ?, C: l-\-3 L. C:fJ'it5 I') *9o fi!j'
=*5!c· tj:~j~J!i~O)=*~U~9 ?;;tc61), t!liiJ~:tJ':l\:~ \,\ C: ~~~~~t;:~;z?;;~j~
lj:~F'ffi' 1<::7\:~ <tc>: f) * 9 o -t z: c\ Jl.hfWJ:O) ~~~ 'J'~ <9?;; tc61) tc:m 1- \?;; 0) 4
tJ'i [] ,, .7- "181~~ l ' 9 0

D J \ :A 1-- @) ~ 0) ~ l ' ft ~ i¥J fc>: jj 5! C: u T lj:, RANSAC(Random Sample

Consensus) fJ'i ~ f) * 9 o RAN SAC l ' lj:, 'T- 5 ~ 7 / 7 b. I<: jffi t±lu T @) ~ ~
f'j\, \, lEm'irn:tc:~ tc?;;'T-50)~U €!~ *6')*9o <:n~< IJ~l.J T, =8-:JC:=b
lE 'ffi' iii 0) ~U il fJ' ~ 1-\ i~J•'R ~ @) ~f!H~: t'R C: u * 9 o t~ fJ' tc: t , Theii-Sen rtE IE m
(Theii-Sen estimator) ~,E§\,\?;;jj$ ~ Hubert~~~ffl \,\?;;jj)!tc>: cfJ'~ IJ *9 o

,., I -· I
80 0
0
0
Ul Ul

0
0
?i-ttfie 1JI'im*->~ I;:: ?i-tliil!O)~!Ill~ iO:~'R1i
y8 <')

0
0
*~<~~ + y 8
<')

0
0
5'H t 1J: <to: -:J t.:
0 0

0 ~----------~--~ 0 ~--~----~--~
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 0 20000 40000 60000 80000
X X

-$0)1~\~Hiltl::\ G T, @~~rn:UJWS ~ O)Jle1Jii~ I <:.A~Ji!?:~

.:e-O)£t0::111"1QJ!IfflHr-5 lE:%i&ic G T, IE~fil!O)~U8~ 8t~ ~ -Q

• •
• '
•
.
•
. ... ••
•
•

• •

< f))g~ .
IEmirn!O)~J81JfHt.;;gjl, ,t.O) ~ @ !!if6lili!c ~-@

105
 m:@l~c~d:, ffi~O)S$~'ms~~~O)~?tJ~(It).Q clE t_, < @l~tJ~-5 a:;< c~t.J.
< t.J, .Q (:: ms~ [_,*[_, teo ~ < 0)~~;/]\~~ [_,""[ ~ \ .Q il' s (:: ~ \? -c f.J,/v c :til'
1v c:t mBA~~(<=A.n -r t_, a:;? 0) (d: J:: < t.J. ~' e: ~'? <:::. e: c·9 0 2" s (<:, ~rJtJ:t

@l~c~d:, mBA~ ~0) 1 *, 2*, ···"·, 3oo*~~X.'L@l~m~rr?c, @J~ffl

*l!i:~O)ffll~tJ'=1'3i.::iE~<: t.J.? -r t_, a:; -5 ,~ :t~~ t_, a:; t_, teo t<....tJd:, ~' 9n:t msA

~~O)~lf:1JtJ'1ill;7Jct.J.iJ'? tete~~<=:1: G tdJt~c9 o*~td.~'J'=*)!c~d:,

~1/&0) 1~HR ~ il3,~X. .Q c, @J~i*~O.t:.D ... tJ~~~ m ~<::*:~ < t.J. .QitJirP:J (<: 35 fJ
a:;9 o @]~f*~il'~~m~<::*:~ ~' (::, mBA~~xtJ~1-' L, ~fl: L, tete (fc-=f;Q~*s~
y~:*:~~~-~~X.TL,a:;?O)-z'9o L.h~~¢k~~ , ~~~(E~ft~)

~~A. L, a:;9 o E'UJl.IJ!Ji.c ld: r@J~i*~il':*:~ ~' L. c I<: J:: ~~ 7- JL-7 -1 ~~X.~
rj[J c ~' -5 ~"*c9 o
$~.1Htd.i&'J'=*;!c~cl:, ~~~~~~~O)=*fD c L, 'L~~~~~~i&,Hl: L,
"""[~'a:; L, teo mBA~~O)~lJ1JtJ'31!11Jct.J. ~' (:: ~ l<:$~t.J.fid '=*$~1'J? (::
c lv c /v@]~f*~;/]\:;;1\:~ ( f.J,? T L, a;:~' a;: 97J\ li.JJ'!IJIJ[ (<: J:: ? T 7' [.., - ::f ~ il'
~.QL.c~-c~a:;9oA~~~~, ~~~~~~~0)2*m+~~!Ji.cL,T,

<:::. O)~~~OO~~~'J'=*)!cfi,Ht a:;-g (JEJIIJ 1tfid' = *;!) o @l~i*~tJ'

t_,
:*:~ < t.J.~ e: ~JliJ:IJi:t:*:~ < t.J.~O)c, JEJIIHl:i&'J'= *$-cld:, ~~~~-r~ ~
t.= ~t d' 2" < t_, t.J.tJ~s, @1~~1*11&~:7\:~ < t_, 9~t.J. ~ 'J::? ~<= ~:~ .QO)c9 <:::. n 0

(cJ:: IJ, -T)~U*-B~~~:lEfl:9 ~ <:::. ctJ'c~ a:;9 o

.. \ '• ~~(;t:j'l.,
~~j!!(;t:lj\~\, \"fl,
*-'fi\,\1.J\
:y;~~~Ml~:1.J1'1'~J:E :Y;JliJ *B!if!tl~~

106
 E~~~~~~~. *~<*~T2~~~*~o 1~§~~~~~~~~~
~m~••~~~~~c~~~ft)~. ~~1~~~~~~~2-m~••~
~ 15~~\:~ (L2iEftlJ1t) o L1JE~IJ1t~ffl\,\T~Y~~fr~ ~ . 35a:; ~1H~~ 'i
fd:\,\~Bfl~~~~~{*~;lft! O (t:fd:15tl=f([1J~ ~ ~a:;~ o t~t.=6f:>:<t ~:1H<: ~'~fd:

~~tat1J~ !m'mH<:fUFI3~:h15 L. ~ 't:td: ~, a=;t.=.A..fa~1J~~ T r c~~~tJ~1H~1J'J

1J{;!:J1J' ~ ~~ <1d: IJ a:;~ o -15~ L2 JE~IJ1t,i, ~~OO~~J~:JNt~ 15[f-~1J<

L11HliJ1t J: ~ 1J' fv t.= fv c~1J\ ~~ffi~ ~ JEili (<:::: 1i o (<:: 915 L. ~ 'i 35 a:; IJ 35
~ a:;-tt fvo t.J:<!B , -~8'9'<:: ,i, L2iEl'!U1t~~tJ{ -T )lW~ ·ii1i~(j:~\, \ ~ i§ btL T
\,\*~0

t'R%~Y~'c::<JB\,\""f,i, L1 iE~IJ1t~fi3\,\{S§Y~~ 7 "; ·;[§]~, L2iEJ:liJ1t~ffl

\,\15~~~ 1) ·;;~[§)'II ~ QlJZUa:;~ o ~G(c: , L1, L21El'!IJ1t~lili.i~~fl3\,\fc~~

'i Elastic Net1EJ9~ ~ OSJL'ih T \,\a:; 9 o fd: <10, = .:1 - 7 JL- ~ •;; I-- '7 - ? (Section
34~~) \:~ , L1 JE~IJ1t~L2iEl'!IJ1t~i5e:~ L. ~ ~. ~~~~}Lp;t Gh*~ o

L11EfliJH:; C: L21Efl1Ht

· 1QJfMf*~C7)~~~~C7)W~~-*
. ~~~~l<tifbtl~l,\
J?lJ : I 1 I + I 2 I + I -3 I = 1 + 2 + 3 = 6
i'IJ: y = x +2x 2 -3x3 + 4 (7)
IQJmf*~l<t 1, 2. -3. WJtl<t 4

.t'H!a liD ~ <.' I<l: · IQJ9if*~C7)2mC7)fD:a:§~

"5 •:; 'J liD 1m : L 1 iEI!IJ 1!:: · jNJjljl;C7)!t~7h'.>' A.i'::A
'J·:;~@Jilil: L2iEl'tiJ1!:: j§IJ : 1 2 +22 + {-3)2 = 1 + 4 + 9 = 14

~~~m~~,•~~-~~~-~~~~M~~~aa

~tl fi(f) ~I. '7' -11 (;: ,;t, [JI\.A 1'~9;1.1~·fl1fb

iE~re~~•~§~~a<~7~~M · 77~~~~~>

107
 24
-tt ;Y-- "-"'-? 9- -x ~;:.... ';t 7 - 9 ~ -t? c -t 51~ :119:l.iW*fH· 51< tz.liJ(J)=f)tr.·c
71 - 7·7- =;:.... ~7'7' - .t... ~fft> Ill. '-tlit~9(J)!fl-z"'1::£mt(J)/J)t;;1:"9 o :tJ- ;?-J!-
;t;;~ft?.:. c ·c ~~~~~(J)J:l.W.~~ 51< .:. c -t "Z"~ 9 o "*

-tt;t!- t-~~9--v~/ (.L.~T, SVM) t.,;:J:, ~Sillil51J~~~t:d3\,\T@J~~ ·

ftm·~h~~W~fi~~$01~~~ 0
~lei:, SVM0~ X.~.Z.0=b01cl:~~~t:~/u ~\,\ * 9 o Section02 \:', 216~

C7J)ffl~lJ1:J'~'N~~H<::, =r-5 C7J,~ ~ :t -:J c :t 51~ ~9 J: -3 IJ:!.§%W~~ 51< ;: c t/

ftm~tMmG*Gk~ il5h L..Z. ~~M0~ X.~~:til5~0 ~~ o
~ll!X~~0~)z\:''cl:, ma.F.J~~Jcl: G'iGii.A.7Jc!5~t,\'cf:~~~c!Jl!L'ih*9 o
~f~S:c iJ:, r 7'-50~1~~J:<3.&~ fiiJ ct,\~~~~~0 *tc, *5*ctJ:~
~~ 03a"J~~) lcl:t±lJ:J t!Jl!Liih*~ 0

-if;t;- t-~~ 9- (~~ t-Jv) t ,;:~:, !.§%W,<= :t -:J t -tJftt,\7'- 5 (7),~0;: t

\:'~ o Wf G t, \=j'-$' tJ~.A.fJ ~ ntc c ~ 0~~J:Q=:~ ~ <: tc?1J, :!j!Wit:Jftt, \7'-$'

\:' c!5 -:J T :t:t.J%Wt.J' S \:' ~ ~ tc tt~~ ;: c ;/]{~~It: tJ: IJ * ~o -!Jif- !--I'( -7 1-- Jl-
c~W c 0l!€~~ -v- ~ / c \,\\,\, SVM \:'tel: L. 0"Y - :J/~i&:k:(t; G T \,\ *
~o~M0G<~~, ~-·C7)~~3~*\:'\:'cl5h~g·~~~~~L.c#~

~*~o 1~1~07'-$'~~~3.&~h*~o:I.J%W~, ~~~0~#2~1J:S2

~~~@L0~~c G T, 3~1J:S3~~~00 L 0~@cGT3.&~h*~o

tJ:to, 4 ~l;ZL0:t~J~, 4~.X~(l;ZL0) ~is,~~ ;ttJ: ttn,itJ: S 9, JE!ir:ld:

~~lcl:/f'PJfjg\:'9 o .Z.0J: -3 :id:4~.X~l;ZL 0~i13~I<=<IB't ~7Hll.:t.J%WIJ:, ~.'!Jtmi

c. !l¥1<fn *9 o

108
 SVM

r • • • • '" • • :~I

X
-x,
X

~M~~. ·· ·~~- -~OO~~W~GT~ - 1~~~G*~if. ~~

~ ~~~~~-~ L'L'*~o GfJ'G~~~~-1(t:<I;)L\T~d:. **%?:HI1:J{PJ~g
t.,-:7- .:.:<, c L\? ~~d:~ <fJ:\,\~~ ~ o c \,\?~-b. fpJ S D'~ /-{ A:'t: J:-:> T~
W7:JGf:Sfj Jm{t..-:~"8-"'\-' , -r t> T t> ~- 11:J~~'R%:7J'J~jfPJ§gt.,-:j'f~~ G T \, \fd: \, \t~-8-1:J'

~~k~~~o~~J:?~~-8-~~?~$~GT.~7~7-~~SVMc~­

* JL-~:!1:J'~ t) *~0
') 7 1-- ""'7-::Y"Y SVM ,d:, ~~!U~ ~&~~~ c J: t) J: L\~'R*7:l'/lJIE1:J'~~ ~ J:? ~.
\,\pfg)~ r•mGL\J ~- 1t<:ff.l\,\* ~ o ~h*c·~SVM (/\- r::x-::Y 'YSVM)
c~~~t).(&M~~~~k)x-Y"Y~~-1ifA~~c~~~~ifM·~

~o tete G, 7'-11:J' x -Y"YI<: A-:> tc.~-8-ld:~-T J[lr-f ~-9- ;t, -x-Y"Y~

~*1tt~r J'-'r -1 ~~~Nt~~Mflt:fr ? z:. c -r·. ~~ ~t.:tt? * <:7J'lil~ ~

J: ?t..-:~W~~-.J (t~~~~o ~-1 't:tcl:/-{ A:1J'A.-:> T L\~ ~ c1:J'~l.m1d:~

~. ~~~-ttl.fflt~:s~l-Z",d:±.tt: ') 7 1-- x - Y"Y SVM1:J'~btL*~ o

109
 ~\., \ -c' jJ- * Jlli~ ""{'9 0 t.J -f.JL-$ta:, 5.fRiffJO)±j!~f.J\-t t> .z- .:t fftlf.J{ -:J t.:Jf~
(~F~'R%) ~<:: tJ: -:J T \,' ~~13-(<:: Ff.j \,' 3::9 oi.fR~~O)±j!~f.J{f!Ef.J\ -:J T \, 'tc~&,;:J:: , 'T-
~ 1J'5WfG 1,\~~:§[~f"F -:J T , ? 3:: < ~lf~~'liilfPJft;t<:: ~~ J: -5 I<:: / 0 'Y f-.. G~
~h~~~a:;~~o ~0) ~ -~r ~ m ~ - ~~ ~-~~~~~M ~ ~~ · ~J
t~mG3::9o kt~~ A ~tB ~ O)*~~, -~~~A~, ~~O)~~~B

m~~-:JktG3::9o ~O)t~, •mt&~~~-~t9~2D~~~""{'~A

~O))fR~~tJ' B ~ O)).fR"l.l t<:!ID 3:: h T ctci ~, ~:Rlf~~'~ 'cl: /fPJ ~g""{'9 o G i.J' G, f~~
t \.,'? ~t;:fJ:~W~~~1JD 9 ~ t, 'T- ~ 0) ,~f.J'2D ±fu&li.J' ~ 30 J:t!:!~ t<::g'{~ ~

h, *~~-~~-~~ ~ J:?~~~3::9o ~0)~~ ~20~~~~9t , ~

·%~-~~hkJ:?~~~""{'~~0)~9o~RO)'T- ~~~' 'T-~~~~

9 ~~--~~ , ?3::<-~~~PJtt:~~~J:?~~-~~Wfk~~~ili~~
< -ct;:J::~~ *~~o -t-O)f'F~1J~m~9~0)f.J't.J-f.JL-~~~9o t.J - f.JL-~
~t G T t;:J::jj') Si7 Y (RBF) t.J -f.J [., ~~IW:Itt.J-f.J[.,tJ: ctJ{~ ~ 3::9 o t.J-

f.JL-00~~~\,\-:J-:>~t~::!i~;m£~ 9I~Icl:, fl-f.J [., r- 1

) 'Y? ti8Zicfh*9 0

,'

~M 20

1F~~:$J'fli
l"~"'("(,l~

110
 L. L. *(.'I'[)( IJ __HfT ~ t.:: SVMO):&f'Jit:t:::EIL: 4 "":)1:'9 0 CD¥-JW:~t.J'?P \, \~'8-1<:
~~1:'~~ c:. c, CZ'Ytk¥WilO)~f.J{-T- 5' O)~J: IJ ~\,\~.g.-r=E>~~-z:~ ~ c:. c ,
®±.lW.ctJ:~ @I~. -'fiiiD. Jm:s:p:iiD c=~xJtO):s:p:ffij~-tnl:)_j}O)~X7t""--~ft:9

~ c:. c) ~51 < ~ ~c: li, ~W.I<:Jli\, \~O)Jf~ ~S9hlt J: \, \t.::l'!), -T- 5 f.J'?P
\,\~~'8 .>< -T 1J ~l!WJ ""Z'~ ~ c:. c, @2" * ~ * tJ:t.J -:.t.J[.;~~~1~ ? c:. c f.J'c·
~~kl'!), ~~~~~~-~~Sh~~c~¥~Gh*9o
mf'JT (:: GT lcl:~XO) 3,~1:'9 0
CD-T-5' O)Wf..f.J\~ \,\ (:: ~t~~Fa~ f.J'31=m' iL: f.J'tJ'~
~ c,®~W!iO)~tJ{-r-5 O)WJ..J: IJ ~ \,\~~~;:~:, t.J-:.t.J L- ~~O)~lf:l:nc:J:?

T 1;:1:~~~~;:~~ ~ (::, @ r -'t-O))* ~ic:~ 9 ~~~J ~~ 9 L. (:: tJ'~*S"JI<:""Z'

~fJ:\,\~ (::f.J\¥1fSh *9o
SVM (cJ:)J'-~O) (~tJ'@J~(L:J;C;ffl2" h~ t~.g.t.J'~ IJ * 9 o SVM ~fiJ FF.l Gt.::@J~ffi~
it#-!'--"'-? t-JIII§I~ (SVR) (::\,\\,\ *9o 'J7 i'- ";(-Si/ SVM""Z'(cJ:, ";(-Si
/ O)§i:;:*\:f(: (::-"' 7- Jl-7 -1 O):tiiJj,{(:~f'J\, \ * G t.:: f.J\ L. h~ JEJ!IJ{(:gJj,=~lhl~~
i5e? t.::@l~i<:i!l! ~~ X..~ (::, c? l' G J: ? o ";(-s,l:Yg:;:*\:{(:(;:I:~J!IJ~0):6:JHl:,

-"'T Jl-7 -1 O) g,Ht:li~~~O)ii'J '1Uc:ffi~ G *9 o SVR -riel:, "Y -:l:YP';JO)~

~~~ D c~ X.., -thl:)_ j}O)T -50)~~~ ";( - :J/~G O)~·(::~ ~O)~M

1~""?.' 9 o 2" S I<: )1.h 1@:~ ~ ""- 0) lit-ffl (:: GT , lE }i?;f@: (:: ~ m'f@: 0) i~W ~ SVM (L: J: ?
T)R:lE9 ~One--Class SVM (:: \,\?-¥$-b~ IJ *9 o

SVMO)#ti.lfl

I i:EIIIHI:;01JI_J!$1 J;1jljt; [O]f:ff£U~1l:A. ~ <

tJ .Q.::.c {;:J:_-Q!IJ~Ij

t
AIIJI(I:; 7'-5'i.Jf7 - ://~ I C]\fo m:ki t 7-;;·;_,
.::c l cJ:-?o~-TIL-7 -r

t t
m1Nt 7-:J/J:-IJ$>!-Ic<P> ~ljl{l:; @~;;i,Y;;Jz;IJ:;I;:(! <
QT'-9(J)~~(J)i5~ t.i;Q.::.ciCJ:QIIi]RIJ
;:(J)~IHJ(J)
7 - 90)
&l!l>l {l " \&l!l~1<~:1lftm9.@
~liffll:f~(J)
. U~-._

111
 25
~~*~.Y~mNOT~lSh~A#~~?T~Miff~~~T~.A~~--
7"0-!? ;:q:)li\, \~):li;~f.:clt>. ~*1J~:b1J> ~)~~\,\~;f)~~~"['~ 0

~~~*t;::;!Bt.\ -c, ~ i!fctJ:.@$5:i'1!: / - F (iliE) C: \.\\.\, -JL.tC7) ~ f!fC7)

ffib:f1f:~..l- ~, 5R:iE*O)?J'~1t~ u-c \,\.@*WfW)§~?J-1!:~..1 - ~ C.\.\\,\ *9.

5RXE*O)-tf~<:. -t-tL E:H<f:t*l;::tJ:? T t. \.@ :t 0)1f:$:7.J'* C.\.\\,\ *9.
)f(:lE*!~. ~j!J&j[O)f~ -t- 0) :t C7) tc::t.t l_., T ~i!f1t :iE~9.@ tc t\t), \.\ b ~.@ r 1J

~tJ~ukJM•~~*9. kc~~~~c.~~t,t~•~c.uT.~D~~~
i.J'1!::7.J'~9 .@5R:iE*1t1'F.@ <:c. 1!:::15 ~ * l_., J: ?. %.51li\.t.J~ 1 5tl~25~. ~~f.J{
40%~60% C7) c. ~·~;;1<:)1:-z:'~ IJ. -t-hl;Z)'}f.J ~~t~ -z:~.@ C: 9.@ c. 5R:iE* c.~

-~ 0)7~7~~~ - ~~~C7)~0)~?~~1J* 9 .~XE*~~-~C7)~~:t.t

u -c~d!f1!:- ryEs i.J' N0il'J C7)c1J.. -z:'XE~9.@ tc61J, -7·~ 7 <:I~~MM1t*9~
l<::!l! @: ~@:i\l;IR u i.J'51 <<: C: :b{l" ~ * t!: fv (~.31-61) 1<:: ~~51 11 tJ: \, \). <: C7) tc 61), ~

~ *a•~~~~;:: tJ~tJ-7 uT u *?C7)T9. @]!$ !<::-:J\.\T:tiP:It~H<::, 1J~1J? u

tda~t.J'~ *9 C;t:J~-~~~0)~).

/ - P:

yes
1'~
no--mJ-1'
' 11UP.F W/ 1: 4-5 ~ ' <: 1~.
~ ~'XIx 1: 2?t~UL-<:c'<
I it<Hf.I~~~O)tJ~::E)liE.
*:a: ;
CART I
i; @)~!UJRJ!O)il!-;3'1;1:, ~.I-t.: .
1: * ~ 0) 1;1::-f'i* I
,; C' 1;1: f,j:
i*ifl0)?1Ji'l
<lltili 1: f.!:~ D

*lP(J)$51 (.::..::. "(" 1''~

!d:/1'~. ·J:R~(J)$51)
1t~/- P: e:~,s~·.

112
 60 -------- ------

4
40 ----------- -,
0

15 25

~@: t~ i!iU~ t.:' !1 -r-·

1ill.OX0tl~t.:d.>1J
?:tJ?G-n./*-5

· :~H!=71119: cnt~Fr 'it ~11 ~ o

-*~*5!:l!:(J)~ f!Jl¥ '? f!Jl¥!l!R tt G"? 9
=f'-r - /7 - = :.<J'(J)J:.? 1::..7'7
*·; '7 ::<. {t Gtd:C lo
~.,,.
'Y '7
-
· =f'- 91::..~9 ~~dtf: ?J-li$7J1'~;lUitf:1d: ~)
'?9<.~*~lJ'(>gl.,\o
-~*~:'i£:~jj(·t:_d)(J)I51;:7JI'£,~o
·=f'-9H~ GRb~t:.~~l"~<~~
· =f'-9(J)jjij~~7J~'~\fd:( T9tJo t.:~~*'irlli::I:J GT G*?o
·=f'-9~#~<1d:~T~.~~~~~ · ~~c~-S·"0bu1.,'~~*"1rlli::I:J9~
fJgt~~#~'fd:( T9tJo ro~li!!fcl: NP~~cO¥f;ftl, fiR< 0)7J~~m
->t:'·;; 7'=f'- 9(])9[!J! ( ;:_~lJ '"(1.,\~o '0
1:~ Gc m:fffd:Jli-ftJfill¥ (J:. 0 -'t -s fd:5~
. ~f@:=j'-9 C 1J7::J'IJ =f'-9(J)fili.l;fj"i£: ~*) 'irlli::I:JGTCI~o
fi-s.:::e:Wvi:!~o (
· =f'-9 f:d':lf1 ~;m"~ '7 7 ::<.) (J)~U-B-'1!:
· *JtgfB"J~!E'ir 1'T x~t.:d.>. ~;J~U'E=f'Jt.­ ~GTd':l<£,~7JI'6f3~.
(])f§JJH!f'irtJ'Ivt.:.lvf:Dmil'd.>~.::: cH *7::rtt/7J~~iil~lll~'~c.~:<E*O':>~~O')~<~

"(";:! ~0 a~~t~~.:ct.f't<t'!~.

11 3
 )R~*O)~~I;t, f5J'-l!fiJO)~:h\-'~ J lc::~-:5\-'"""CY'-~ 0)5J'-llf1Jt.r < IJ ~G 3;9 o

f 5J'-jlfl.JO)~ :h \-'~J t.i:~9~f~C: l..t"""CI;i:, ~~ I / 1-- D 1:::"- -1->~=::t:*lliflil'*

~-y s n a:: 9 o c: ~ s =t, *~ <tJ:.@ l;:f c::f*lli*~!lil'JEB t..:>:J -c tJ fJ, 'J'~ <id:.@ co
IC::~-:5 <) l;:f c ~ tL\-\IC::~~T:~ T \,\.@ L: C: ~* G 3;9 o fJ:tl, ~ =::t:*llifll;t

~' 91 *~O)j@:lc::tJ: f) 3; 9 o

~T, L: L:il'SI;t ~-f*f71JT:9o 148cm 157cm 158cm 162cm 164cm 168cm

172cm 176cm 180cm 184 em C::t::*tJ'ft'li, Wl*il~!J.Hi) 0)%~~ - il5~1i~J.X
""f il'ft't!:l:, db.@ 1~ ~__t :IJqJ:Hi C: tJ: ~ J: ? It: 7:tllfiJ G tc \-' C: G a:: 9 o @:~Bkl It:

170cm il5 tc f) t.r ~~I<: 9 tL l;f d:: ~ -E -3 --r 9 ;tao

""fO)*T: l;t, r:1151;!:.0)~~ C: -EOJ5J'-llfiJ1ll:~J O)~IJT: 148cm il' S 184cm 3; T:~,
db~f~t.r~lc:: G T 2-:> 1<::5:!'-i!fiJ G -c \-'a:: 9 o il5 ~{~J;Z""f:IJ'fttt?" Jl.t-7, J;Z..til'
~ fi ?" Jl.t- 7 C: \-' -31 ;< - ~-r-9 o -f-0) d: -3 I<:: :5J'jlfl.J G T J7.tc C: ~ , 1i::ti0)5J'-jl[IJ
OJ:tl!H~ (f~~ .I::.; 1-- D 1:::- C: ~ =::t:*llifl) il' c n <S \-'It: tJ: ~ O)iJ'=t * GT \-'
a::9o-E GT , tO)m~t.r~-~~Gk =tO)~-•:tiOJ~~ffll..ta::Gkome
l;t 0 It: ~ -:5' < Ia: c ~ tL \,' tJ: :71 llfiJ --r db ~ 0) T:, 168cm 3; C' t.r 1;!:. 'ti 1f ) [., - 7,
172cm J....X..tt.!: :J15•ti?" )[.,- / C: G T:l.tllfiJ~9 ~ O):IJ~-ed:: \,' L: C: il'bil' I) 3; 9 o

Ill jrO) 4 r,:: <: i O)ft!• tiii!!I

u-,,.~ 11 'li"''• 'ntt>

'!' tl. ~~~1'/ ~itt 148 15 7 158 162 164 168 172 ' 76 ISO 184 'IJ y- ;::r- "~ .'t':
5 5 1.000 0.500 >l'lHfJ 1.000 0.500
0 1 0.000 0.000 5 4 0991 0.494 0.892 0.444
0 2 0.000 0.000 5 3 09 5"- 04€9 0764 0375
0 3 0.000 0.000 5 2 0.8€3 0.408 0604 0.28€
1 3 0.8 '1 0.375 4 2 0.9 ' 8 0.444 087~ 0.417
1 4 0.722 0.320 4 I 0.722 0.320 0 .722 0.3?0
1 5 0.650 0.278 4 0 0.000 0.000 0 .390 0.167
2 5 0.863 0.408 3 0 0 .000 0.000 0.604 0.286
3 5 0.954 0.469 2 0 0 .000 0.0110 0 .764 0.375
4 5 0.991 0.494 I 0 0.000 0.000 0.892 0.44>1

114
 5R:J'E*(7)7:J'~1!:~~:t~ tJiiV - ~(<= .A.? -c~_,,~:;r::~1~Ha:;~? -n,, <tc./JI), mil
~7- 7 (7)7:J'!J;;1:fflgrla:J: <tJ. '?a:: 9 tete G, J.@*~tJ'~ <= '? t->9 <tJ. ~ (J)"T:,
0

*IE*(J)~ ~~r~~ ~~J~9 ~~~~~'? a::9o C::'?b~, fflM~(J)ft~

~ ~., \~~~a:7:J'~U fttJ'~ <tJ. '? , ;R::<E*tf~F:m 1<=1l~ttl<:: tJ. ~1~rPJ (<= ~ '? a:: 9 0 ).@

*~1!:~¢--~~~C::GT~, ~~(7)-~t,r~~Gk'?, ~~~~~~7-

$' ~(J)""""f~1f:J'E6tJtc '? 9 ~ <:: C:: tJ'~.!HfG n a::9 o

~~~ ' *J:E*(J)J.@*B~~~~-~~~~"T:9o ~(~btl,~--~~

(post-pruning) c·li, ~~1 ~7- $' 1!: 15e -:> T 5R:1E:*1!:~~~~<::i@_* B ~itt.:(!)~,
~~iE7- 7 1!':15e? -r 11~~(J)~\, \)R:J:E:tro7:J'il$:1!:tJJ '? mz '? a:: 9 o <= n 1c:: J: '?, ).@_

"F ~ 1!': ~ \,' c ' -T ;~U jjg 1J 1!': rPJ J: ~ tt ~ <:: C:: tJ' ""\! 2: a;: 9 o -* ~ tJ. ~ ~ l;l: REP
(reduced error pruning) t U¥1tn, ~J!ttJ'~ft GtJ. \, \(J) -r ~n(t .J- ~ ~ '8-:>
t 't ~U~(J) r%'.1 ~_, \)ffi.lffl (? 7 .A) (J)~ .J - ~ (<:: ~ 2: ~X. a:: 9 o ::J .:;z 1-- ffl~IMt~)I.IJ
'?(cost-complexity pruning)"T:I;l:, fl'B~*(J)~./- ~0)~ (~*l£gr) tJ'-:f;::,f!: <~
GtJ. \,\J: 71<:: G """:)""":), ~./-~I<= .A.-:> T\. \~/f'~'lo/.J (::J .A 1--) 1!:7~6 GT t,\fi:
*9o

(j))~:lE;:f;::t.J"rul laT'-5' '§: ~~IC::S:Hii @~!il7"-5' 1:'1;1:-3i'l: <~!8l""C:'~f.J:~' ( )gl~~ )

"T"~ ~J: "SIC:~~(*!~ 100%) @~~T'- 5' O):fR/Jt:l.fl::t.J"~J: "SI.:Jg:lE'§:fi-3

/1""-
/\
lil! IJ!lail,l""[f., ~.J- ~· r ;:::HlJi~J!J tf ~l:E*1i
~M:ti~1t;
l.JfO:~I~S A -=>T\,1-Qc-sa::< m~t.:e:
:?:t~J~tl~\,1 )@~~
=::f'~Mf.>~l-' l.J~gl,\

115
 26
J7 ::..r~f ;...- :7'Jv~~ c l:t., ~H~H:~JUllh~bitT 1 '?0:>~'9-=t:-T Jv~1=.1£9 ?.>13)!
l'9o r~A$;J;tLI:t.'Jt~O)~;!;J ~-~~B-r~m9?.>1J)!c'b~'*-*9 o

J7 / i f / 1'Ja-~Bl' t;t_ ~mm'OJ "'E T' JLt:a= 1 -:)fF~ 0) l'iii!51J *it fuo :ffl~
OJigt., \t7" Jlt1,f tc <~ fu{''f? T-8-i*~it ~;: cl', rE'lm~O) "'E T' J Lt:a=f'F ~O)tJ~

El~l'9 o ~Ji'OJ{)£\,\'E-T Jlticl:, -fieil'-.H<:U¥Wii ~~-:? T~~~1jt.,\a:;9 o

~~~'i!W~icl: fi*t~"'ET' Jlt~~~~it ~ L. C:. f.J{l'~ t~t.,\{;0)0), ~ ~.A 1::::"- ~tJ~
.§f.~\tc69 , ~~l ~t-'75~H<:1J' h'~~rl3~~i0't~ <5fifc1j.*9 o 't J e:. 't J: <~bn~
~~~ liiVJOJt -7:;.; ::~ ::.;-r~Jutc5R:;E*-r9tJ\ 7" ::.; i)::.; 7"JLt~~ l<= <!;) ~ \ -r 1a:
I<:Ht:ii7.J-:? T G * t., \ *9 o ~~ G td~:lE*OJ~~Ii, *-'I*
5~:lE*OJ?:l'~ :a: .§f.!.(
l'li:::f1Bii't~ :t OJl'9 o G tl' G, r ~ r9 ? t£-3 I<: -T5J!.U9 ~ J: IJ :t "Y:;.; J t~)R:J:E

*-r ~ X.i!5 h l;f, ?? <tl69~;: C:.l'~ t., \~Jj':a:51@J~. l' ~ ~ OJl'9 o

@1-QO)'f:T'J~(;j:
fflMti~t.,'
ili:tJ1
ff.5f'l01i .Q c jij!fijffrt~
-=t -T'J~ti~~-g .Q

7-f-77-=/'1' 7/-tt/7'Jt-*M
X j.;:.(])T'-'9ti£\~ (' T'-'91f.tt~~1-'ld: <Tt. OK

116
 r /-tJ / 7"Jt/jt'£1 \:' lcl:, ~~0) -'E -T J t- 0)-r;ma~~ :t c. (c:~U~a'gtJ:r)ft~*.a~
~*~*~o ~hi:'~ . ~0) ~5~--~ ~-T~~-~*~~ 0)\:'~~5~o
1? § 0)1J)!icl:, r~lll~~ J C'~ o <: 0)1J j*icl:± i<:7J"~Ji:O) :±~r8- l<:ffl ~ \ S h. -*
3~?kT ~~ -~--~~T~ ~·c~O *~o 2?§~r¥~J l'~o ~
-~. ~MO)k~O)··~fi·~~-~~~bh*~ o T~~~~·~~TB
~~~-r;~~~~c G *~o 3? Ei t.J' r1JDI¥~ J \:', r.:s:p:~J O)~~~ c~X.~

\:'~~5o -T~~-0)5~~h~-~~ ~~S~G~*~ T~ ~. ~0)·~~

I<: lit GT:sr:~ ~ T ~ \ <1J5*C'~ o T O)~Jl:'(cl:, 5 A.(;: l-- 1:::· ~ - -f:t-1 H<: ~ (t ~
~@jO)§iJZ{i!li{@:~T'~Jl ~ T :t S ~\, --~(<:giJZflffi{ilO)r~~ t±:l ~ T ~ \ *9 o 3~

*
);k-C'Icl: 4, :sr:~C'Icl: 4.4t.J'ii.§iJZ1iffi.:Y~ c tJ: 0 9 o fi~O)~{(cl:1.JD·f~C'~ o
A~ fu c B ~ lvlcl::J\:O)~@i 7 7 /C', ~U!ii~WJ!flffi~ ~ § l<::&~tT \,\~ tc.~A c

BO)WJ!{rffi-T;m~H:;~~-~f§i~ ~ <: c I<: LJc., c t.,\5~}£\:'9 o <:0)~~. fi

-~iJZUHi-T~Icl: 4.41 ctJ:O*~tc.o

5 4 5 4 4 4

0.23 0.23 0.1 8 0.18 0 .18

5 4 5 4 4 4.41

117
 :r::,rij·::,;7·Jt,~~ l<:: lcl:::*.:2' <5.Ht-r 2 --:::>O)~$tJ'ilb IJ *9 o
1--:::> El lci:J\.:¥'/? (bagging, bootstrap aggregating) -r-9 o J \::f >7-clct:, 7--
t-.A t-7·;~7'i*~ff-;)-r:@:T'--71.J'<;~JII**T'- -$'~~!1&*Jl, ~P.X;G*9o 7-
~~~ ~ ~7$t~ , m•~~s~~~b-r-~::.;7~~T'-->'~~IJ~9~
:lttll3~ 9 ~) 1J$"1:"9o ~l l*lT'--$' 1 i\lll 1 i\llll<:::tf G -r 'ET' Jl-~FF.l~ G tc-? X. "C'
~~~~'}\,\, ~!1&0)-T;JI~*S~~~ G-r:&~i¥.JtJ:7)~1J~~j\,\*9 o ~~~'ET'Jl-
0)7)~U*.5~1<:: lei: ./ -1 ~ (I!Ut~~~tJ: t::) 0)~\Vt.J{~*n """("\,\ *91.J\ ~ ::,;7 ~

fJ:tll3~-r-~II~T'--$' ~~~~P.X; G-r~~9 ~ t, ./--( ~Cl):J¥3~(J)~It1JtJ'~tJ:

~ -'E T' JL-~ 1-'F ~;:: t tJ'-c 2' ~ (J)"C'9 o * tc, ~!/&(J) 'T)~U*a"'~ff-? ;:: t -c./ -1

~(J)~~~ nt:> ;~ u, -T5Jl.u1l~(J) J\ 7::,; ~ (75~1Hi~t.J' c.ntc It WI: Glt-::> -r \, '~

1
)

iJ') ~~6 9m"'tJ'ilb IJ *9 o J\::f /~li;J:~~O)-'ET'Jl-~f'F--;) td~I<::~~MJ'f

"C'~~~-~~;:__t~-c2'*9o~~~~~ff-?Z.:t~-c~n~ ~~~~0
..
~~r~~a:~'tJ: <-r9 "J7-*9 0 fd-di>, ~nfffi~ ~ffntJ:\, '1i$la=-"'- ~ =r--(::,; 7
tll¥1in*9o

..... ..•.
••
• •• • ~7-5'
...• •• •
• ••

. . .. . ..• . .• ~· .

118
 2 ~ §! fj{ 1' - .A 7 -f / ?' (boosting) -c' 9 o / - A T- -1 / ~· ( L. L. -r 'ct.
AdaBoost t \,\?=F$~~ll.F.I G *9) -r~ct:, *9IDII**-T-$7 'S: 1 ~ilt)O)-=t-TJL- IL:
~W~tt, ~5rul*oa*C:~~O)f@~ ltf3l: G 3; 9 o ~j(O)-=t"T Jl-~~~9 .Q~~c: ~ct.,

r~"j~:tt.:t!B:5t~JEm-r2' .Q d::? ~c~~ Gt.:-T-57 ~~mvr~~~1'J\,\ *9 o

ll1JO)-'E"T J[.,tJ{FI39JI-::> T~~ G t.: -T- 57 ~!i:tW. VCJ(O)-=t"T JL-'c:~~~tt .Q L. C:
~ < I) )JRG, ~j(,q ~L:-=t"TJ[.,~{'f:-::> T\,\ ~ *9 o L.tLS~~O)-=t"TJ[.,O)~;~U~*

~WJ~9 .Q c:: t -c._ :ii~Bk1td:~;~u~1'T ? 0)--c-9 ;'~:.; 7-r~ct:.:c-r ;t, c t n!J,q

0

I<::~~ ~1'J? t.:6f.):ITBIJ9!1fltJ{P]~g--c- G t.:tJ\ /-AT- -1 / ::t~ct:-=t-T J[.,O)~~*i!i

*~ ~j(O)-=t"T JL-!c:;3FI39 .Q fcilt):illz11J9/1i.\EtJ'TPJ~g-r9 o .7c0) t.:ilt), ~W'~Fsj let

*
~ <td: IJ 9 o <:: O)~~m -r Fl3 l. \ -r l. \ .Q AdaBoost let, 2 ~ 7 A 0):)-H~I<::::ffl l. \ s

=
tL*9o 3 ~ 7 AlJ....t0)7:J'-~~1'J? !PJ~O)'T~ 'Y? let, SAMME (Stagewise
Additive Modeling using a Multiclass Exponential loss function) C: !Jif~th 9 o *

l 1

J7 / i t / 7'JL-~Wit: Ci:i:t:J\:¥'/ ~it 1·- .A 7--1

/ ?' 'IJ~· N.> Q

119
 27
iiiiO)-f! 7 :/ 3 / -r·';t 7 / if / -:iJv~~0)-7 7 ='/ 7 ~~11- 1.- * 1.- f.: o ;: ;: -r·,;t, hc>
fflt!.-T5/§~7~~~~. ~~~~/~.~~~-~71/~~~ij~~*~ o

r< 7 / 9'A 7 :;tVA t--

a:; 9 7 / ~t.L~ 7 ~ ~ ~ 1- "Z' 9 o G <d:l- ';:!:~~ fi".Hc:: : J \:¥ :>:/" C: [OJ G"Z' 9 il\ ~
~~~~ 1 ~~~~0a::9o ~h~. *~*~~-~tt~ C:~ ~~~M·~~
7 /-$" Ldc::::Mltl:l9 ~ <:. t "Z'9 o <::. tU;i:, ~h~hOJ*:AE*OJffiOO~f*;/J{~a::h
~ C=*:AE*il~fl2Z~) OJ~IVJ<' tc6f)--c 9 o -T ;~~*Ei~,c::::~t,\~~~.g.x.~M•m
iJ{c!b ·:>tc~i3'. ~OJM.ii';:J:~ <OJ)R;E*-z::5J\.,c:::ffl\..' C::,ha:;9 o 9 ~ C:, ~

n'c::::J:? T~ <0J)R~* il'fl2Z~ah T G a:; -3 PJ~~1~il'i15 0, "Tj~~:ffl~OJicJ ...til' ~

~6f)tJ: <tJ:~ OJC'9 o a:; tc, )R~*fOJ ±,c:::: f§ ~~f*;/J{(15? tctjj,i3', ~\.. \=Ej" )[.,

:t!PJ G*X.~tl:l9 J: -3 ' c:::tJ:? T G g:;~,,a:;9o ~~*~.if~~:I*FF.I9 ~ 7 /-t:t/

/J ~.t~~""{',;i:, ~~, '=E"T )[.,;/]{~ G J: ~ tc;i:1§= x. ~ tl:\ 9 e:mi3'tJ'~~, \0)\:9 o

5}-~,~-c:'f;j:~~ :!!'li:
"7 / :9'J.,.(;: ~ ::e
J

/~ /~ --·
/'-. /.::::,.. /'-. /~
1\ 1\ I\ 1\\ I\ 1\ I /1\ I\ I\ 1\

Tree- 1 Tree-2 Tree-3

120
 .A~ ·.:t + / ~·-z:(t, -"F~~~~ 2 -=' (J...jJ:.) (<::7:J'ft * 9 o 1 ~~~ EHtJ\~ > 7
C:~lJ J: -51<::, 7"- f-. A f-. '5·;;:1$c·{~t.::T'-5~~'ET'J[; (0U: D V'AT-i 'Y
? @l~~ - 7 ::,;7 b. 7 :t [._, Ar-. t&. c) t<=".l2~2'tt, ~=E7J[., (f)7;~u*fi~~ tl:l G *9 0

~X (f) 2 ~~[9§ E1 (7)".j2~ \:' tt, 1 ~[9§ El 0-T)l!U*.S~~ .AtJ t L., T 'E'T J[., ~ ".F~ ~ tt 4
*9o 3 ~fll§EI~~ ~~ ~-~~~~ ~, M0~~ -z: 0 .:Y ~M-~ .A tJC:G T
~~ L., *9 o 2~~1l"~ E1 ~~0'E7J[;Itllfj0.:Y;~u *S•~-"J2~9 ~ t.::l!!), r M~W'ell(l)

-=tT'J[;(J)-5 ~ cn:IJ{-m:~t.:: I'J~-5:1J'J e: \, \ '5 c:: e: ~~1!f9 ~ c:: e: t<=t&.I'J *9 0

L.tLtt: J: -:J T' T' -5 (f)®j I') \:il5~J\ -{ 7 At T'-5 (f)~f) (;J: t') ""(:'~ .@)\ 1) 7
Y A~ J:.~ tt:ID!J[Iic· ~ 21': 9 o ;z 5 'Y :'f ::,; ?"(f) L., <#~ ~31It&. 1~Uc·f7U ;Z T #~ t,
~~~~T~~A:IJ{~~~~, ~~A(f)~~:t ti<: G T~ St<::~ ~~l- \Tl-\<
C \,\-5 *(/);t;)~:IJ\~ I) [._, - C§ ;Z~ 'C' L_, J: -5o

iij§ltl

121
 $J~1·-AT1' /7.--z'i;:i:, ~:<E*~fiJ.If.I V-z.-*91 @]§0)7)llli~f:fl.\*9o

~1U<=, ~111**-t '>' 1-- O)J.EfWr - :1 c .:r;~~*s~O) ~ ~ c ~, ~~ <~~) ~$ft±: ~

*9o 66~<:: , C:::O)~~ 'i!':J.Em-T -9 C:Vc ):k::AE*'ir 1~ -:JT2@J § O).:Y;ft1J~

11't.'*9o .:y;~~i\\a~C: :i.Efi!¥7-:JO)~ 'ifir;UJ, -t-n'i!::i.EIW:T-9 C: ~T~:<E*

'it~ -:J T.:r;~~ 'irrr? ct.,? /J$'1r 1PJ@l :t < ~ )g ~ * 9 0 ~ ~i¥JtJ.:r;~~*5~~;:~:,

1@l§O).:Y~~~~-t-0)~0)7~~~'1r:<E•m~T~~ abttk:t0)~~~*

9o C:::O)~-'ir00~9~~~~-:J~~~M~~~b-:J~(~C:::c~~-·~~
( ~ ';:j:fJ ~ * ttfvo
~~~I.{\(~ c::: tit:: ~ -:J '"(' c::: tL*-z'O)'E-TJ[.,O)~~~~O) .m. ~~ ~f.J{bil' I')
*9o-~'ir•:i.E9~ k~~, ~~'i!: J.Em:r-9 t~T~k~~:<E*~.:Ym'ir
f'Jb tt, .:y;~~M~'ir:<E~ffl~T~~~btt*9o C:::ni<= ~ 1'), ~fT~ \,\'E -TJv iJ'
iJt, \'E:TJ[.,O)_X.#,\0)1\~~'i!': ~ ~ l,\*9 0

~DC-:1- 7.. -T -1 :.;~f i;:l: /\~ :.;7 t i;:l:~tJ I'J J\-1' 7 .A'iti'JU~~, *'¥'~0)~~

il' 6~~'ir 1!Eii6tt* 9 o c::: h't:: ~ -:J ~J.®~~it::tJ~ PJ1J§•I'i:t 65 I'J * 9il\ ~
:<E*O)•t->~2' 'ir~W 9 niiJ.®'¥'~'irlltJ~1* 9 o

7;JliJ(1 [Q]~) 7;JlU~.5* 1.yl!c ~*~~

:J~- :p;~U*B*
(1 @~) :J~-

~~~*~-@

1.y!j2~:;_K~~
7JIIJ(2@~) 'Pi!!U*B* (:iefiT) (2@~)
7)Jl1J*.5* (:!ellff)
~fflVCJE~
~f!H.. <J:E~

~~~*~-@

1.y~~*~~
7;)11J (3@~) 7iJ!U~.5* (:ieWf)
'J>iJ!iJ~-5* (:lew;') (3@~)
~f!!l.;<J:E~ ~fflu<J:E~

122
11Qli3(7)~JI

0.8 0.8
0.7 ~QIJ7-9
0.7 1!1111J7-9
0.6 ~il*B* 0.6 ~l\11115*

0.5 0.5
,..
i11~ -
0.4 0.4
y 0.3 y 0.3 4
0.2
0.1
0.0
rM I I I 0.2
0.1
0.0
m
~
~
-0.1 ~
-0.1 (])
-0.~ -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4
7
)[,
21Ql§O) ~:ftlj ::J"'
I)
0.8
0.4 0.7
::z:
+++ !\!l~
!l>!l!i*Bll!+ .b.
+ ~§O)~l!ile* 0.6
0.2
.·r+--
+
ffll!jl(7)~·~•r - ~
+
0.5 u•~·~~)
~
mo.o ~.· + ~ ~=- 4· cO)l\lil 0.4
++V
.f ++ l?-t:_.,!,. . +

·:- + •\-
-t.
.... ot-+
·~
y 0.3
0.2
-0.2 fj111f0)~~~-J •
t_O)~~ 0.1
-0.4 0.0
-0. 1
-0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4

3@130) 'UJ
0.8
0.4 0.7 !j!l!l¥5!1! +
f~l!fO)!l>!l!i*Bli!J c':
~~O)*l\11*5. +

J
.. ~

.....
...":.""
O)~~O)~U~*

,. .
••.,.,:{!._ ~~.
0 .6
0.5
f:>l1£0)!l>!WJ*5li!J c':
O)j1i~O)*'Iil*-'ll!

.. +
,+.:,"!,..""'. ~ !..,;<·
Y0.4
0.3

..
+ +.+ ~
0.2
+ 0.1
0 .0
-0.1
-0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4
x, x,
::B!ll!: Geron, Aurelien. "Hands on M achine Learning with sciklt-learn and Tensortlow." (201 7).

J"/-tt/:tJII~i!IQ)~mt vr. 7/~-b.7-:t ~..­

~~~ ~~'l~/~~~~~-~~1/~·-6

123
 Cl V' .A 7 1' ·;; 7 !819iiH;t, r!BI9WJ c I.\? ~Jih'J' S 'fiil'iJ' ~ S (])fi(])-'fiJ!lJ ~ ~T ? c ,~ tl :h
1J" t> ·r 9 ti. ::E t: ?tm t: ~ n n 9 r JJ- ::r 1J :::x: 1.>. ·r 9 0 ~ <lh t;t iJ' At:::. A t.t tJ' s.
Yes/No(])*~~~tlf9 9 ~ * ~* f.t~ilii-r·:t<IJ JI'I ~ tl. "'fl. \*9 o

~ D ~:A7- 1' 'Y ?@~lct~tl!I;:,IJm~tt.Q

Cl :/.A 7 -f ·;; 7 I§I~I<H.iz~ifi~ t) "F~0)-{1-z', .=E (<: )i'lijH<:fljf§ ~ h~? JL-
~~~ b""Z'~o oY~~1'~7@~~~ m ~~~c~. ~~~~~-~~ ~5
1:J'c 51:J'c \,\·::de ryes I NOJ {tUi2¥C: V-c m-~ L-ffUJJ~ ~ <= c fJ{""'C'~ * ~ o
~1;1:0 :V'~ 7' 1' '>' 7 @~~~(;!:, Section23""Z'*Bfi' !_., tc r @~:JJ'ifi-J c ~~I<: r~

~~O):W~fci:{*!i& (@J~~f*~) J ~:s)(tt.;~~t~~fj-1.,\ *~ o L: 0) c ~ (<:fiJFf.l~ ~

~ (~!!&) 0)~\.,\fJ\ *@J~~. ~@~~ ·?Pr~~@J~ · o::J'.A7'1' ·;~7@J~c\.,\-:;

t.:@]~~$0)~\.,\ etc~: t) *~o 0 :Si.A7'1' '>'7 @J~"t'fiJf§~ ~ ~!/&0) ~ c ~D

:/.A-T-1' ·;;?00~(~7- -=E-1' FM~) (::1., \\.,\*~o OY~ 7' 1' ·;~700!1&1cl::b~ ­

YO) ~O)J:5 1<: , :li'J'tJ{o-r:W:ktJ'1 ctc~:~J:5fJ:SfBU£0)~!/&""Z'~o tc~:t.>

m~~!I&~W!J&O)·@~~OY.A 7' 1'~7@~~~Ff.l""Z'~*~~ <=<=~~

=t -:; c ~bt.J' fJ ~~~_,, , ms.F.J~!I&t.J'1 ":)0)·-8-~~Ui<=Wt-m u *~ o
~n v·c ~ ~~A.t.J'&~~ ""Z'~~1:J'J ~~~"F~~'l'IJl.liJ~~e: L-*~0 -~t<=
Jil$~5 1 ( c{;fj~t.J'l:t.J'~tctt.;, -f*j~{t~~Bjj~!i&c l_., T'\'iJl.JIJ !_., * l_., J: 5o &$
O)Ac8.fJ:A.O)#·O)~-~~~~u7~7~7o~~~~c. :ti'~O) c
e O)J: 51<=ttii< ~ c tJ'""Z'~ *~ o :;:R:tt.;t.:\.,\O)(cl: r ~~-f*j~O)AF"M{fp]J\-iz Y

~ O)m2¥-r &$fJ:O)iJ'J -r~tJ\ ~I~H<=l!l<.f~""Z' ~~~- ~lei: r &~~1:J'~ 5 ""'C'tc~:

1.,\fJ'J c\,\521Rctc~:~t.: 66. -T'-~,~0) ~~ CPi~) tcl:O(=O%)c1{=1D0%)1<=

~~ !_., *9 o 2:. O).J:; '5fci:7-~ {t*@]~~~~@]~~-rm BJJ9 ~ L: C tel:~ I_., \,\fc_tl.;,
m~~ - ~~m~""Z' ~~~-""Z' ~~O Y ~~1' ~? @~~~F!39~0)~9o @
~:JJ'.;ffi-c ~~. ~-~I<:~!_., T~~~!i&tJ''J'~ ( tc~:~d:: 5tci:O Y.A ~1' 'Y? ~
.O)@]~ffi!J&{t:;Rtt.; ~ L: c "t'"F~{t~'}\,\*~ o

124
 :Si$0),A.0)7"-:9
:U~J-. 0)7"- :9

1 (=100%)
- - - - - - - - - - - -- -;_ :. -?'"
I (0/ 1 )0) 7"-:9~ ,' D ~A T1 'Y?Bll~
.!i!l2l9ft!'\'>a12J!J;l" ('l'/~ 1' ~~~) l"
mlljjcJ".QO) Ici:HGl.' 0/1 0) 7"-:9~

\ ,---------' Ci~O)!I!3i®c!::GT~!J.!

'
0(=0%) - --- -- - - -- ' -- -- . ----- ------------ --- --- -

~~~~k o ~~~1'~~~-~s. ~k~?-~~~-~~~$~~~k

~ ~9 o tc c xJ;f{21;;51fr\.tJ~ 37"CO),A..;/J{J!1Jffl~<l5 ~?ii¥~9ll'J td,~-8' . D :/~
~ 1' "J ~ ~-O)A1J ~ 37"C c t_, ·nt~~ ~ <:. c l:, JiUJI30)Pi:¥tJ{0.4(40%) -r
<15 ~ C \,' -:> tc J: -3 ';::: §t~ 2' :h 3: 9 o L. 0) J: -3 1<:: D ~ ~ ~ -1' "J ? @]!1m ';J: C ""[ :t b
D' IJ ~~ \, \y Jl.- ::f 1) A.' b.~~;/]\ ~~~lf3f.J:7-~ I<:~~ \,\ c \,'-:>to::. :X.~ :t d5 IJ *
~o tc c: X.I;J:Jit:~an0)1JU ~\,\? c. lit'-1~~51 <c.&:ttl<::-1*51frl.tJ~""FtJ~~A :t ~,,*~0
~O)J:?~7- ~~-~0).A.cea~/\0)7- ~~.A'Jm~~J:?~~~~?

-cG*?k~. D~~~1'~~~--r?*<m~~~<:t~~~*tt~ o

125
 29
""·1 ~r ;...-,;:7 JL--ni, /\\1 -A'tltiE:c ~'? Ef.>i~ m ~' ~ 9 o .: n ~ -r-·O)Ef.$ii t li~
~ij,/\\1Xm~~~?.:t~~?T,~~~@~~~G~~-~fi?.:t~~~
~9 o

L.. L.. *""C'IDCBJ3 GT~tc.-*$1i, MXff!~t l-\ -3-*$:1f«- .A ""Z'9 o D::tJitiE'

t.-o!:
t li, 1i!i::*.6*t GT rfi:t:::t:tt;[...,\,\J i~{f:*6f..l.Q/J$""C'9o -::>*fJ r-=m:
,:s,~b GI-\J f@{t )j(6f..l.Q/J$""C' 9o @l ~7J'-tfTO) ~@] ~""C'IcJ:, d'S :t fJ OYm~ (x) t

J\.::f:-0):& ~ (y) 0)-T -5 Ji!iU<::r- :1:5&-:> T \,\.Q J @:~~ )j(<lf) * G teo tO)@:*-':Rli
~J:\; y = Q X + D,. ""C' ~9 L.. t :lf.""Z' ~ .Q tc.6f..l, r- :1:)0-:> T \,\ .Q J @:~ ~ 1 -::>3-_K<If)
.Q L.. t li, r-:m,:s, ~ :b G \, \J 0 t D,.O)j@~ )](<If) .Q L.. tIt: I~:IJ'tJ: fJ * -tt ~o
G:IJ'G, r-:m ,:s,~p[...,\,\J 1@t2 1ttr3..1<6f..l.QL.. tli r .yO)j~:IJ'chtclt,:S,~b
[..., \, \O):IJ'J ' rfi£ 0) f~l;j: c nt21t ,:s, ~ b [..., \,\ O):IJ'J t \,\ -:> td~¥1)(~ m-e""""[\,\ Q L..
t:t~J*G*9o ~@l ~li@:~~sl< L..t""C''Jf;.Qtc.6f..l , -T-5:1J'200ilbhlir-
=i=,:s, ~ b G \, \J 0 t D,.O)~~*<If) t; tL* 9 o T'- 5 :IJ'';!.-'fJ: '-\I~ c :l.J'tfrlcl:~~""C'
~~<~ .Q (&~bG<~<~.Q)L..t~®-""Z'b~fJ *9 ~, &:::t- ~-z: ~
T'- 5 :IJ'2'@10) t ~ :t 1000@0) t 2 :tOt D,.O){~ tJ'i±l 7J ~ h-Q t21t""C', rtO)
fit.J'c nt.: It ,:s, ~ b G "\O):IJ'J t.Jtb:IJ' t; t,;.1, \0)--z-9 0

c..n~m~9-QO)~ ~~X1t~""Z'9o« ~~-~-zo~, •~M*{tr~J

trtO)~~-~M* ""C'ilb-Qa• J0)~ 7(~~t~U*9)""Z'~G*9o L.. h

I<::J:.fJ, f~:IJ'chtclf,:S,~bGI-\O):IJ':IJ'bil'fJ*9o ~6 1<:, rfi:IJ'cn< t;
\,\l<: fJ:fJt-3:1J'J c\,\-3 r :m ( ·AA~Hii) ~ilb5:1J'G6f..l3LTTJ=3~, Wf[...,I-\T'-
5~~--c, ~illj")J'-~~{~!E9.Qcl-\-3-*~ 2 (/\\~XJ!flf) ~~il}*9o {~iE

f&O):l.J'~IcJ:· ~~:ffi t 1,\ 1,\ * 9o ::Y~lHcJ: "T- 51<::¥-:J':IJ'tJ: 1, \;EfuHI~tJ::t O)""C' :t

J:. '- \tc. 6f..l, .J:Eit:T'- 5 J;ZJ!.O)~~~ &:B9:!-z' ~ .Q J:. -3 It: id: fJ *9 o
126
 y = O x+.6 'T'- 9H'J>fd.t,'
C:'"5 s t, li!i:t.Jf[E] L:; =
- 11!!a)ftia)OJil'§tttJ Q a)fm
y fil~tt~~~<:~t~l,l
;k~l, l

C = l , .6=2
2 .6a)~
X

'
y = O x+.6 _
7- 91.Jf~l,l
y Q a)fli ~
-11!!11)1f§a)D]Il'§ttt.J~'
Jj \~l,l ~
Q=l ,A= 2 ~
X 2 .6 11)1~ ~
(])
7
)(,
:::J'
1)
7..'
L.
/"(.., A'~Wdcif:bn~ O)tJ', ~-r .:~..O)~J]!-z-, r::n~<Hs:!l!il:t.J'Simit9~*~YJ~
=F$-z'9o f91Jc ul:3*~./Z - J L-O)!¥JJ5JIJ~~X.3::9o J!t~./Z-JL-tcc./Z-WS<:J:j=l
~c r11!t~J cl-'-3!!!~fd.J<~< 1d:~c~X.Sh3::9o 9fJ::b"5, J!t~./Z- WC'il6
~;:: c t.J~Jm~ c fJ:? """( r111t*~ J c \,\ -3 !!!~ t.J<~ < fJ: ~ *S!lli!:tf~t.J'n~ 0) --z-9 0

;:: ;:: ~' r1m~J c \,\-3 !!!~t.J'i3-3:: n~ .)( - Jj_, tJ<~~)Z - )[, ""Z'il6 ~pt~~}j(IY) *
9 (*'5~-7Jmi.t9)o <=n3::-c-O)~~~cct IJ, )Z -JL-:~1'-f:0)75%tJ'lE*'./Z-J[, ·
25% t.J~~~.)(- ) [,~ (16 ~;:: c t.J':b :b' ? """( \,\~ c [.; *9 *tc., lEm' .)(- )[,0)
0

~ ""Z' rmU~ J ~13-tPi~t.J'1 0%, ~~.)( -J[,O)J:j:l~ r111t*~J ~~tpt~:t.J'BO% tc?

tc. c [.; 3::9 o ;:: 0) c ~, r1mMJ c l\-3!j!~t.J'~3:::h,~.)( - J L-t.J'~~.)( -JL-""Z'il6
~£~~tcJ:0 .2+0 . 275=72 . 7% C fJ: IJ , *'S* t.J'S~IZSJ C -f0)£i~~>J<IY) S h * U t.::o

- IE~t~:/-- 1 '.-a)t~t.J'<:',
rllft*'IJ c t- '? ~:!iH
~ il: tt"t'\. lt~1.J1 ?t.::tJa)
- 90% 0.2
--=72.7%
0.275
25 -il;~;/- -J!-Cl)fd_t.JI(!, * )1. - )~~f*O)t.ifJ'1'
rMIRJ c~,-:>~1'!
% rmwu c\.l?~;!!t.J~ ~;J;tl'{'~IQ'l;O)
-0.2+0.075=0.275
ail:tt -rt- ' t:tJa)- ao%

0.25 • 0.8 = 0.2

127
 ~-~-~~-007-~~7~~ ~~~7~0-~®~~~~~~~~7~
c-~~2~~~~*~ o ~h*~~~~~~~~~- ~ ~- ~ «~~-~~
/ · 5~:lE*~- L.hfl' S~,::S\K-3.!jJ~5'A(Section31 ) · 5 /~''b. 7 ;;t t_.,.:;z ~ (Seciton
27) t~ c O)~:Jm~m? J[.,:1 J ;::(b.I~CDI<= 5Hi~~h* ~
1
o Ci)O)J\:~ t~¥!f1~.H~, ~
hS~::P J[.,:J' 1) ;::(h.,fJ{rfPJ S fl'O)"T-.IJ '<:::~11:; G "Z~~~ h T\,\~O)~~~t~\,\J
e: \,\.:, ~ e: -z-9 0 ~ <*-z-.:r-~ {f~R ~ ttT75~~*Ef~{f3:!<6f)~ ~ e: l<=r~~H,,tJ{
~ ~ tc.clf), r 7- .IJ tJ{ c 0) J: -3 1<:::~1:. G T \, \~ ~il'J It::~\, \"Z=15 jt~!B,~fJ{~ ~

~tt~o ~O)::r7o-~~~.:,e:. •m~~~~m•~~<T~ ~~k~~7

0 75b.~~ ~-T -.!J~~-C: -'f~~ff?~C:~~~~~.

-15, « -1V7>~7J[.,I~®I<=:l:J'~~ h~~o ~~77 0- :F-~1~ r:r -.IJ

fJ{c~J:?It::~1:. GTt,\~~fl'J (::t,\'3-T - .IJ~~1:_-~ ('E "TJ[.,) ~~ffli1f

~ S il' G elf)~~ G TciS ~, T' - .IJ 1f:~? T -t~'ET' J[.,1f:jl}E G ~ ~ o -t G T,

:ti}E G tc. 'E"T J[.,1f: ~ C: it:75P.~1f1'T ? ~-zo~ o ®-z- 1~, x-t~ C: ~ ~ T'-.IJ It:: !if;; G
"Z~ ;z. ~ « ~ 'ET' J [., 1f::t$~ G tc. ~ ;\l§.Qif'§-btt tc. ~ G ~ ~. ~~ ~ T'- ~ ~75~~
*a~tc ~t-z-l~fd: < , .:C"TJ [.,I<= ~~~[>tJ{~~bW-r~o ~ ~::r7o -~~ ~~§Bkl

It::'§- ? tc 'E 7 Jt., ~ :15 ;z. "Z t, \ <tc. elf) , 00 J: ~ ~ I~J~EI".Ht:: )lpt ~ tL ~ttl~~ l;t ~ <t~
~~~0

-T-'9 tcltEI:wc-m~9 -Q.

:CT'JL..I;I:C'~ (!;;)\, \(J)::{,(J)1,t~?

-T- '91,t §57C'ffl~9 -Q(J)I;::IJO X. ""C,

:C-TJl-tJ §57-c'&IJ:gj-9 -Q

128
 ~~~7Y~~~y~~~~N~~~®m•~0~~~h*~~ffi®~5
'<:: tc. < ~ !u ® 7 J[; ::J. 'J A' .L:di ~ <, lt~l'fl~- ~ h tc. :IJ$ ~7HIT ~ J.i 61J-@ <:. C.
f.J{-r2' a;:~ o ~St<:, ~~ A':ti:f£ 1flf.ll- \-@fc.01J'<:, tl:l7J ~htd®t.J'chtc't'3'
~b u l-\®f.J' (65~ l-\,;1:,3, ~b G < t,s.\-\®f.J') t<: -:J l-\T®fU&t.J'1~ sna;:~ o
L.h~ ~ 0~~-tt~~8 G k~~~ft5L.C.~-r2'~~C.~~, ~~~~~

¢L.~~~2'*~o~ ~ A':ti~-r~ $M~~~~ ~k 01J~, ~-~~~®m~

~ ~0Ah ~Z:~if-z'2'-@® ~~ ~~~ -z'~o

- /J"'Z', ~~~7Y ~ ~~Y7"'Z'~~~®§I'fl~ft~k~~~ft~0~~65

~tc.61J,<=, ~~t,s.~~m ~ C~'c::::m~ · ~~) t.Jtf:PJX~~o *tc., ~~tt,s.~

~t~ 1'T 5 C.~~'<:: MCMC ("~ J[; ::J 7 Jm~j!i "E Y T- :t.J J[; D ) $C.~ t;fh-@ ~ 2. .::1

[., - ~ ='! / ~1'T5 ~~~t.J<:tJ:l-z:- 2' a:;~ o Z: ®~t~:IJ5tdJ:t~~"'Z'B'iffl39f.J\f.J 1 i.J1 -@®~

~~ 1
) 'Y ~ -r~ o

~ ~ ~7 Y~~J[;-r,;~:, ffi~~J [; ®~~, ®~ - ~ ®~~~~-TJ[;®ttxE\

@.:Yj~R l-\~ 3-:J®I~t.J'65 0 a:::~o c®~ 5t,s.~ -TJ[;~ ~8t~ ~i.J'i.J'~ ~C.

~i[~ f,J.® "'Z'~t.J\ ®® I~ti8tlff.J'tl!/t l<:t,s.~ tc01J(ID~J-r~ o -t:- Z: c\ (])"E

~J[;ID~~t l<::~~~~tc01J®~$~7o~·7 ~ ::,;~· a!et.J'If.l~~ n T\,\*~0

L.h~~5 C., "E-TJ[; ~~~VT-T - ~ ~..EI3~9 ~tcWZ\ -T-~ ®~~i.J' S

"E~J [; ®:tt~ · r5~~a;:-r~11'~T<h~~51<:f,s.0a;::~o

~ ~1XM~~~-~-~ttf~~~~~tw~~~
~1 ~J?/~ 7'-'Jj,~,;t. 1'7jlljt.:tt~t.~: < 7'-1fq)~~m~t:t
Ill,.:_, 1J1' ~ ~
ill¥~ /c 7· 7 ~ :,- ?·a-~8 ~ m", 9 t. m~ tJf'IJ\"' t= "'t: t.~: ~

7:1D - 10)~}1"j 7J~~E¥]0);.#;\:II.J:. '"'-f;(!E;.#;I<:J:;;.«'!~-'Ji'jlj.A."'JJ (;!': · ~U I ~iB. ;!~li 1J1I :;.;71'

71' ?) ttiil<=vf.?.L-t._.

129
 30 ~~~U**ffc
~~fm~fm=E7'J~
t*;~~r.U"'E-Tlltl;t, ~~"t"~ft l-TI-'( (11\jiHIJ) 7 -9~C'O)J¥HJT-t->7~~~i" ?
r~~HIJ?HJTJ ':~IJJ§ ~ n .Q;fiJC~t • mHl£~~ -'ET' lvT-·9 o t*:ii!HT'Jv tU.i!!HT' Jv t
1.'? 2 '?0) -'ET' Jv~*-!lh1H:> -lt t.:"'E 7 Wt\ ~11>1. '?7ff"f·,1Jm ~ n Tl.' *9 o

~~~r~~'E5"JvOJ~Hc:::, r~*91J:5J'f!TJ t ~;t'(li.J"'t"ifb-37J'~~-::> -ct<l~ a; u J: ?o

~*~:B-~t~~O)~OJDO, ~M~t~~~~h k 5"-9C~ * ~5"- 9 )
~1P.J s t.J'OJ'E5"J v c~*11J:C:5" Jv) 'c::ab -r ';t61.>-r~5ta~9 -3 <:. t ~m u *9 o ~
M ~t ~~~~h k 5"- 9~ , ~h~hOJ5" - 9M~1P.J~u 6 0J ~~tt~ilbO
a; 9 o ~J.;{J ;:J:~!.z tJ: 0 lu L'O)~fi:OJtt ~ ~ 8fj~U u to:: 5"- 9 f.J{i!b -3 t u a; 9 o L.
h';t~*11J5" - 9 -c- ~;ttJ: 1., \fc c9'J, 17UxJt"""f OJ 77 7 OJ J:? ';:: ~fi 1 D' 6 ~fi: 5
a:;-c-®~~'c:::tt~t.J'~tm u -r \,\fc t u -r =tf~~-c-ilb o, <:h~7Ctc:::~t~u u$h
tc66fi:30) 1:t ~ ~ 'fj~JJ9 -3 L. t ~;t t:' ~a; tt fvo <:. 0) J:? fJ:'!i~ O) L. t ~ , r~~lLJ

"'t"ilb-3 t \,\\,\ *90

oo;v.;?U""fl<ttJ:l-,.,.._9
(g!J: 1)/t,~'Q)t;t~)

1 I 1 I ?
I I 1 1
I I I

• :
?
• I
I

'

• •

130
 Gf.J' G <:nf.J{;J5~ffiO)'Y J'i.x O)~;J!Ull!:tc-::> tc S c? --c: G J: ?o ~ iF 2~ Gf.J'
~ \ fd: f.J'-::> tc 0) I<:~~~\ 2' fJ: f) 100 3J3H<:: fJ: ~ L. C (d: a': 9 d5 fJ a': it lvo -::J a': f) d5 ~

iFO) 'Y J\x O)~td:-rnL-~MO)'Y 1\::J. O)ll(\<::1-'fJ:f.J' S 9~~~~17-c ~ '~ c ~ ';t

a':9o L.O)J: ?fd:'!i~O)L. (:~ rl1iil2m!JilJ :fJt'~.Q (:~\'v\ a':9 o

L. 0) J:? fJ:'T - 5 ~ mH•'Rfd: c O) 'E 'T J[; --c-*9 -'¥5! ~<:: (d:, Section23 l."~BJ'I L.,
tc @l ~~~t!T:t d5 fJ *9 o L. O)@J~:l.J':f!T c II~H~~IJ7.J'tJTO)~'v \fd:, ~T ld: 61J~'T - 4
5f.J{j:lt1Z:f.J' c:.:;, f.J', El a:.m ~t.J{d5 ~ f.J' c:.:;, f.J'c:"9 o ~ lct @l ~ffi:7Nfr.lcl:7- 91PJ±

- 51<:: L., f.J'~IJm-r 2' * tt lvo 19l.:ll--c:tJ: <El ct§ ~f.J{ d5 ~ 'T- 5
f.J~~9l.:lz:l."d5 ~ 7
I<: @]~~~.:f!T~11'? c, Section21 -c<~BJ'I L., tdi£11-jtEJOOtJ: C: O)rp~H!f.J{~ G ~ PJ~lli
11f.J{d5 f') *9 0

~~HIJ'E 'T Jt.-1<:: let, El ctEJ~O) d5 ~ 'T- 5 ~?a': < ~BJ'I9 ~ L., <(f).f.J{d5 ~ tc
61J, ~~HIJ'T -5 O)~{JTI<::Ict~*~IJ 'E 'TJ L- ~~~Jf:f.l G *G J: ?o

I!'F~(:~~O)
7'-5-tJ'S

I' I
I
I
I
1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
~-6>(:, tf.'v\tc_\,\
;:: O)illl) ......

:1
I
-
:
I
1~ 1
: ~-- :
, ....-- I
I
I I I I
I I I I
I I I
I I I
I I I
a/1 I I
l .......... I I I
I I I I
l I I I
I I I I

131
 B~.hrt]IJ"ET'J[;t<::ti, ::li!;;:;fs:~tci: sc@J ~ (AR) "ET'J[;, ~!JJ:sp:~ (MA) "ET'J[;
"P L. h S ~ *,§ Ji 13" b 1i tc. ARMA "E T' J[., fci: c ~ l:z IJ:li~t.J~ il5 IJ *. 9 f.J{, ::li!;:::$:~ t<::

li r~O)fili1-' G iifjO)f~ti!-JT\,\Q li9J t \, \ "5='15 ;t))""{'"E 7J"~~ntG *.9 o

L. L. "Z'Ii::li!;:::$:fi"Jtci:IK¥*JIJ"ET'J[.,t.J{c0)J: ?fci:~~""{'~~t~h T\,\Q0)1.J'It::5.i§
G, )i\,\ ~ T~ t<:: *. t lSI) *.9 o AR "E T' J[.,"P MA "E T' )[., tt='i5 ;t)]O)¥;$: t fci: Q
"ET' J[., ""{'9f.J{, tc. t X-l;:fAR "E7 J[.,(<:: ti 7 - ~ O)ffiiJ*-J t G T r:JE m•iiJ fci: c 0)

*7C~J'Iklfci: 5RdtJ:t.J~~ Q t \,\? td~IJ*-Jt.J~ il51J, ~~~<:: li~ *. 1J ~IJFf.l ~ tL T \, \* it lv o

~~~I<::(;:J: L.hS{r *. t ISI)fc. ARMA"ET'J[;~±§(<:: G T, ffl.~O)T'-~ (t::Miit9

Q tc.ISI) ~I:z fci:I~ ~ L. S L, tc. ARIMA "ET' )[.,"\=' SARIMA "E T' J[.,t.J{~IJffl ~ h T \,\
*.9o

iH> ¥:tfl"Jt~~ ;f~91J 'E 7'W1'9 o ~~let , @IYi!l:lt:tfi-0) r*@J

Y-ffiJ f m @liJ;llJ C:la: la:IP.ItJR -c'9 tJ\ @J~7J'#T C: Ict ~t~fJ. r13
El i3@19fil (AR)
51-E! !'J <~ E! c) J O)~*O)fW:-'5: liJm G -r @llim-'5: t.> c: ~~'a: 9
<~E! c@J~)o ~~~;:: lct<V.:> a: 'J llJFf:l<! na:ttfvo

~ O)~O) D 'J. ~*O) d~WfflG k~ ~:;p:~~~ ?"'l** O)

e oa:~ ~ G £9 o•~~ ~<V.:>£ 'J W ffl<!tt £ttfv o

AR 'E 7' Jl> C: MA 'E7' J!>O) :ft ~JE Gi3-bttt.:::'E7' Wl'9 o <:
!3 c @l ~~tt.J:;p:¥!J
ttS 2 ?O)'E 7'Jt>-'5:,!EG;3-bit.@<: C:li:~ 'J. ~ rJl.li~lt::~IJ
(ARMA)
Gtc'E7'Jl>-c'-9o

••0)7" - ~~~. ~ n•~ ~~--~~~O)r ~~ ~ ~J

El c@IY~m5N~II.J:!JZ:l':!J 'J a; 9 o ARMA 'ET' Jl> -c' IJ ~ ~ ~ !-= O)iV.;.
l'J{~ S tt-@~;3-:f.J{iV.;.
(ARIMA) .@7'-~ '5::Y5llJJ9.@ <: C: :f.J{i{t L., ~ 1tc~. 7'- ~ 0)~51-~ C:.@
lifF (Ill§~) H'J? -r ~ ~ ~ t-: lt::~J;C;Gtc=t:7 Jl>-c'9 o

m•0)7' - ~ ~~. ~~~2c~~Mfl"J~ m ~R~ <•e~

*W E!c@J~m :ltS~ :lJZ~ ~ ) 9~ ~ 0)~3<~S tt£ 9o7'-,~ S * W ~~~~.@
(SARIMA) I ~1t.'5:: ~ G 51< 9&~~ ;JB <: t~ ~~. <: ttl<::x<tlit G tc =t:T' Jt>-c'
9.

132
 ~~HIJ'ET' J[., (C:: ,ct, ¥:.:$:~td: El c@J ~ (AR) 'E -T'J[.,, ~!JJ.!jl±';;] (MA) 'ET' )[.,
t-> <:: h ~ ;~d.§.JF@!b it t.::ARMA 'ET' )[.,tcJ: c OJli~.i'UJ~i!5 fJ 3::9:t.J', ¥:.:$:~(;: r~
OJf&Hctj.,' G1i1JO)~ C: fJ;Z-n,' .Q (;:1:9 J C: 1-' -5 ~ ;t:!Jc'E T' J[.,~~gt G 3::9 o t~~
~rj39 'E 7 Jl- :t ~*~U 'E T' Jl.-0) V' C: -:) c9 f.J{, (3: D' C: 0)7\. ~ 1J:3j: 1-' ,ct, rli!,;~U ~

n.Q OJ 'ct:.:$:~OJ ~t~-c ,cttcJ: ~. 'J e: u-cmH\j u t.::-T- 5 ~~~13f.l9 .Q rw;~u -T-r·;t.-J lF~
~
t' .Z.O)~'<:~Wiht.::;;$:~ 0)~1@i:~ mElfl9 .Q r~~& 'E T' )[., J 0) 2-:) ~ ~fl#-8-bit !#
~
t.::'ET' )[., cil5 .Q,~\.'9 o t.:: C: ;tl;:f'Y J'i.:l- 0) J:: -5 tcJ:1:.'to/JOJ1:.,\!!,~~~j~IJ9 .Q~'@!,
*
(J)

-m~'c::li!.~U ~t.J{.z.OJm~@J? -c§B~ [..., t.::1Wlft~~ ~t;,~u u a::9 o c:: 0) e: ~,

7'
)[..
::::r
~ 0) 'Y J \:1- 0) 1:,1@,~ 'cl:li!,j~~~ t.J'§E~ [..., tc@! {i.f~ '5 J: -5 c c C!5 .Q C: 'ct ~ IJ 3:: tt I)

fvo li!.~U~:I.J'-"T-5 Yf.J'~A:IJ'c'til?.~Uffll.t:IJ'~ft [..., 3::9 [...,, ~~t.J'~'1hl<f

7.:
b.
13Jt:p I<: .Z. :t .Z. :t 'Y J'i.:l- :IJ' t±1tci: I.' D':t [..., h 3:: it fvo <::OJ J:: ?lc::::, :.:$:~ 0) 'Y J'i.:l- OJ

1:,1@, ~ :1J' Gli!.~Uii&t.J'-71-h T I.' .Q $lfi0) <:: C: ~ fiJ!jj!IJ ~~ J C: I.' I.' ;3:: 9 o

:<$:~0)'/ J\".){O)~~.;J( ( =V.:E.~)

wmv.:~ 1~§ 2~§ 3~§

fli)Jllj~j/f
100 80 85 60
(ii)Jl~~O) :t.J ~'\">fli)JliJ8 O)~ji
t:J. C:'lcJ:. .Q fll:lltl~~L.. :f.l1'~ ~ .Q
- tt ~ t. c ~
50 70 30 mcfi.f;t>ttT ~ 7)[..jl:;

~ a~ ~HIJ£-t.fT -r ,;~:, ~ rr:1 ~, tJ!) 7'- ~ ~ ~ ~;11 .:e 7' Jld:: N> ·n;~: ~
"(5JtiiJI99
~~;tj .:e 7 Jldi r~ Q)fj§ {i 1l I., iW Q)fi t ft..l"'( L"~ li 9'J ~ tjit
it (., f.: t <1)

133
 r:;:.l k itiii (k-NN) )~c
~ k !JL±;J {k-means) )n
.:. tt 6 2 --:J(J) 7 Jv:f •J .A A !;t~~tJ~11;! -r 1.' .Q f.:~ - .I;....:;.:: 70)~ -z:--t i~l<ll ~ tt tJ"
tJt-·9 o c:·-s 6 <b ~ .Qflk ~~~:iE G Tf1Jffl9 .Q f.:~iJ;.tf.:~iiiU:: t.t? Tl.' * 9tJf , ~$t
~13 ~<b~~-r *?f.:< Wt.t .Q 7 w :f 1J 7..' A t-·9 o

iilii1!iO)}l\,' C: ,cl:, ki!rff~! t.J~~,;:: :JtlijH<.::fiJFf.l ~ h~~gij](Jb t) ~~0) 7 J[., :f 'J

;(b. 1:'db t), klllJ$.Ji~:fJ{~I<.::? 7 .:;.z 5 'J /?.,<::fiJ Ff.l 2"h ~ ~gilltci: G~~0) 7 Jl.t
::J' 1) A' A""(' 66 ~ c ;:: 6 \:'9 0

-f:-0)? ~- kJlif*$'cl:=t ? (:: =t !j;! ~td:tti~~~7 J[.,:f 1J "A_b,O) 1 -::J-z'db~ (::

~ bh 1': \, \ il::9 o -t <:: 1:'il::9,cl:, t) fu ~ C: td: G ~~:]tit ~7 - A {f19JJI<.::, kill
{'1§';!0) 5/l1!,0) 5JiEn~ ~ -c ~,' ~ * G J: ::s 0

<D~~-T-5 ~~? f-.J L- 11:: 9~

klliS$ -c'~-T - 5~tt~9~~~-T -5~± 0)MW~~~-9~k~ , ~
-T-50)'tlU&~~? f-.Jlt c GT~:ffl.Ga::.9o ~~-T-5 C: GT t) fu~C:tci: L., O)
1 iffi 2" J 1 1:t ~ J ~~{~11:: G td~~ ~~0) c:t? fci: "'-? f-. )[.,0) ') A f-. 1<:: il:: C: ~a:; 9 o

,. ,. ?
~) lvC:' 1 9 7 j
~) lvO::' 2 10 5 'l
,- • J
ld: L, 1 3 6
?
t,;:L,2 4

CZ>:JtMGtc l.\r -5 c~~-T-5 c O)~JH~I.t~~~9 ~

~X,<.::?:H~J[ G tc l.\r-5 C: 9"'- T 0)~~-T-5 C: O)jj!~{~m'~~t~ t.., a:;9 o ~J[{~

~';:: lcl:2" * ~ a:;.td:m~t.J{Ff.j\, \ &3na::.9t.J\ c:t <~bn~ =t 0) 1<.: r:::z..- ? 1) "J ~

134
~§~J ;IJ'c:!51J3:;9o ~--7 1) "J f''~§~I~L fLtc5iJ'l.\bJ9)~ r~~J ~~btL

,1(!;,\.,\)!¥-il'"<~ l'c:!tJ ~ ?~§~(!) L. ~ l', =3:ji1JO):JEl-'~ flj!fl ~ T)\!:t±:\9 ~ L. ~ il'

-c~a:9 o

~~(J)iff\., \

k=9 k j[§](J)-7''- 5' (J)

----- ·----- -----J :g;~ )Rl:":JJ'~ifl
' 5''-5' 1 : k=5
• • :f)~;::·
: tJ:G
• • •

@;eyjflj)J;tO)~ \., \-T- ::)7 ~ k@.!l)( IJ t±:l ~ ~~51i':T':l:J'-~~9 ~

~\.,\T, :l:J"lljJi ~ tc t.,\:;"'-::9 ~~ft(/;tO)~l.\-T- ::9 ~~~~~;: k@L .!l)( I) tl:l ~a: 9o
L.O):f~id'FI;:t, -Tn-i'n0)-T'-::9~-7"771<=7D';; ~ ~td~l<= , :J:J"~i'i~tcl. \-T­

::9 ~ 911i)I<=P3 ~Jm < J: -3 I<= 9 ~ ~ bil' IJ ~9 < tJ.IJ a:: 9 o tc ~ .:Ziik=5 l' c:!tJn
li, PJ(J)i=p(<:'¥'~-T'- ::$70),~iJ'5f~A~d::-31<=PJ~Jm<, ~\.,\?L.~l'9o -T
0)1~, c. O)PJO)i=pc·tJ-=> ~ tJ ~ l. \ 7-"'JL-~, 5:1\~i'l ~ tc l. \-T'-::9 0) 7 «JL- ~ vr
t±:l:7J~3:;9 .

@~tJ1i~~O)J: \.,\ k~~«~

k31I175$C'~~t,J. ~ L ~ (;:!:, L 0) kO)~lf1J(<= J: -::> T 7 }[,:::]'' 1
) :;(b0) 1i~gtJ<:

~b ~ ~ \.,\ -5 L. ~ c·9 o tc ~ ;Z(;f L. O)f~UI<: <IS\..\ T (;:!:, k=5 ~ ~ tct~~ ~;: 1;:!: r I)
fvc:.· : tJ.~= 2: 3J ~tJ.I) rtJ.~ J ~5:J'-;eyj2'n3:;9iJ\ k=9~ ~tct~~I<:(;:J: r l)
fv2:~~=5:4J~~IJriJiv2J~~•2'n~c:.~~~IJ*9 o B-::>ttJ
'li~g(J) J: \..\ k ~51i'::JE9 ~ tc6!:l 1<:1;:!:, 1-IBO)-tm:ffl\!~~ ~ fl5J:fj]H<:, 9 «T 0)5"'-::9 ~
~B-T- ::9~T~~-T- ::9~~~Ttt~~~~~T~ft~3:;9.

~as , - ~i<= k tJ'::k ~ l. \ Ia: e::.:r·- 5' (f)/ -1 .::( (,3'\n) I<= J: ~tt~g(J)1f£~~1fD
.:ZSh3:;9~, -TO)~k<2'fv0)-T- 5'~~-~A-::>T~*?k6!:l, -77~~

(!)~\.. \il'Sf.lfii (<: b il' S t,J. < t,J. ~MrP:liJ'J51J 3:; 9 o

135
 ;:: ;:: i.J' s (cJ:, k3JZ~;!O)~l.!J!O)jflttv·~: ~¥~5t v-c \,\ ~ *9 o k 3fif*;!t.J{f~ gffiif5

~~R~it5?kO)~M~, k 3f~$~-~~~~B~it5~k~, ?-~0)~~

Jl.dJ{retm ~it5 '{)~'~lcl:it5 ~ *it lvo 5tl~ c 0) ~ lv L.' c t,; ~ 1<:, 1--- '<' 1--- ~;IJD.::tt.-:
3 -:>~ -7 ~A~ I<= ::J:]' ft ~ 7 JL- ::1 1) .Ab ~~J I<:52, T \, \ ~ * ~ J: -3 o

•
••••• • • • ••
•
•••
•• •

k3f~;!~tJkJ!i{*;*e:ii!iJ~ Ic, ?-~~t~~g-~ ~, ?- 5ii!iJ±O)~Ji1JJ~

~~-9~t.-:~~ ?- 50)~~~~? 1---J L-{l:: ~T 1

) A l--- l<:*c~T<F.l~*9o

fi? - 5 ~~~ ~b~k@ O)? ~A5~ ~ ~T~~

*~~ G~~, ~- 5~~~~b~k@O)?~A5 ~~ ~T~*9o ~~ ~
b lt: 5.Ht~c\,\-:JO) Icl:, -lf1::1D~ t!N?T 1 t.;S?~A5 1 , 2 fd:S?~A 5

2 c \,\ ? t.-:J: -3 It:*? t.-: <0)?5 ~ ::J. l<:~'lt ~ c \,\ ? td~HF~ZJ'* \,\*it lv o
L. O)J: 5~~~fd:~~~~9~k~ , ~ ~ kM·tJ~M, ~~ - ~~ ~ffiO)J:
-3 It:, *? t.-: <~'iJ' n T \, \~ J: -3 1<: IJ:~.::t * it lvo
t,;<f.)~~giji(!5 ~ ~~ c IJ: ~t,; ~, ? - 5 tJ~ \, \ <-:>0)? ~ A 5 D' S~P.lZ2' n T \,\
~D'iJ{btJ' S t,; \,\f.-: ~, ~~l~Ht: (J: k O)~;E It: -f.JI~tJ{~,~ c t,; f)* 9 o L. L.l:
~ fd:lv t~<3-=>0)?~A5~~~sn~?~c~~~, ? ~A5~~3 c~

TJ.i~*9o

®~A> ~)](~~
~.?<. It:, $t l~c5Htt.-:~? ~ A 5 cc 1<:~0)? ~ A 5 0) ~ -5 :i:{;$:0)m:,[)~::;_K

~*9o L.O)~~It:J:? T? ~A50)~tclt~l[)f.J\).I(* ~ *9o

136
@~ t>Jrr\.,~A)O)? 7 A 5' t<::5J"~t@9
~A>:t.>~3:K *-:> tc ~, 7 './5' b.tc:?Httc.T'- 5' ~~!Jt, ?J"tt® l.J *9 o ~!Jttcl:
7 './5' b.I<:5J"tf~O)-rtcl:1d: <, k@O)~A)O)? t:;, ii=tlE§fiO)Jli\.\~A:,,O)? 7
A5'~, ~j"- 5J0)~~~0ft~*9o

@Wftc tJ:!IH,,~ 3:K~ ~

@-cfttt@9 L. t: I<: c:t 0, (2)t: II'!J{(JH<: ~A>~ :>.I<~~ t: ~? 7 A 5' O)~A)O)Uz.

~1J~~Ih l.J *9 o L. L. ""Z'3:K~tdi~A)Icl:, ~? 7 A 5'0) 7"-5' 0)~,i)l<:11i:b T\.\

( .,t-';)(C:~Jhl_,""(\,\*9o

@lh 1J'td: <tJ:~ *"""(' < 0~9

@ t: @~~![,,1J{itl1J'tJ: <1d: ~ * c· < 0 ~ l- * 9 o~~Bk!t<: tcl:'"f~@O) c:t -3 I<:,
Jli \. \ T' - 5' 11=!1±1J{II=!] G ? 7 A 5' tc: t~ ~ c:t ? I<: :5J"1J'h * 9 o 1d: <IS, k:sp::IS];! tc: lcl:
~rJJ0)7 >5' b.tJ: ~ 0 j} tt1:ftc: c:t-:> T*6~1J~~1~9 ~tt~ CfJJMf~~f¥1'1:) :f.>{

;:15 ~ tc ~, (])·,...@~foJ!Jt:f.>' < 0 )18, l.J, =t-:> t =t c:t \,'? 7 .A 5' t t~-:> td6*~1*
FF.l9 ~ tJ: c O) I;Kl'J{~,~ t tJ: 0 *9 o

k :qz ~;n O)-¥ /Iill

CD 7/9'.4 1C~I1Tci!J.~

® ® c@ ~ < ~J ~ I"" M1i:)tllh1J'1J:<

t.;.-:")tc S~7

137
 32
~~~ ~~~m~L*H~ -~~. f~ - ~~~~J#~!*~oW ~ *·~ ~- ~
I: M~ 9"M"~l! C: Vt. fll~*HI:XtJ' ~.:: t~T--iHt:l.'~~:ln'·~o

~~~~~~0~0~0. ~-~0*~•~•s~~-0~t~m~*~o
~ ~ c-l-\-3 :r-~ 0~.x~e: ,a:,
0,~., ~~0~~' ~~0,~ .... ...
~~~t~T, ~:±.0~~t-~0~-~757~7D~ ~ ~k~0C'~o ~
0757~s~~~t. ~~t-~0~-~~.
tc. e: ;ut~ :± 0JJ.!act:r- ~tJ~d5-=> tc.:t~J~0~~g
(: \,\-::> f;:_~-~ 0!~§~0 ~ C C'~o ""f
~~s~~*~<~h~~-:;,

~~~*~<~~~-3~ffi~~~~d5~~-3~~~*~o ~~C'~0ffi~0~
[ti](<:@~'R~~I < ~ t~~~* ~ J: "5o ~0®:~'R(<:-i-h-t'h0 ,'i?.:~ rmt ~~tJ

~-3~-~~~t, ""f0~0~-3~~~~02*~07-~~1~0@·0~
~1*~0~-~t~T~tt~~-3~~0*~o -i-~T~01*~0~-~~
2~X~0 r§l~fi0~-J r&~0,~-J 0 ·~~~ 1 ~)Z~0 r~:t.JJ t \,\"3j:~~c-~

m ~ k~t~~0*~0 ~0~-:;, ~~- ~0•~~~~~<~-=>k**~0~

t,t.\,\~jz~07- ~ '<:]m~~~~ ~ t ~ r ~;z~~IJ .J t \,\-') 0C'~ o t,t.;l;)~jz~~U

.,<:,;l:~0 r@a0 ~l~~J 'l:~-:>TI-\( ~il'0-=f)~;/J{c150*9o ~0Section

C'l;l:';j: [.; (\t)'<:~jz~~U·0x 1

) "} ~ ~*Bft ~ tc.0~, f\';~a'9tJ:.=f)~0~ ~:15,<: ~

\,\T~}ta,EI ~ *9 o

X XXXX X

~~I;::
~(::l__,~t;

138
 1 -:J El 0) ;>( 1) ''/ Hcl:, r;x]CO)PJlL \ J ~ @]~"""(' ~.@ c:: ~ "Z'9 0 ~Jml<=::i5 ;{_.@ ~

7-5 O)~j(Jt~lcl: 1H:t nli~ \,\ ll? tJ'7 - 5 O)~W:tJ{ ~ < biJ'.@ ~ ? lt::J!tbn
* 9tJ\ ~tiHll£~~ IC:: <f-l \,\ T lcl:~.'l(Jt~tJ'j;::~ 9 ~ .@~-8-lc::: c:: 0) r~j(]tO)Q.£1., \J ~

\,\"3 m~tJ{ Fp,~~ t~-::> T ~* 9 o ~j(JtO)Q}L\,\ ~lei:-§ -r\,\? ~ ' r~9 ~ .@lte

-1 / t-- "Z.' ~.J:t«.@ ~ D' ;t-::> T ~ \, \fJ'5:tiJ":":,t~ < td:.@ J C:: ~ "Z.' 65.@ ~ \,\ ;t * 9 o

19~X.Ii rsl-::> ~ G9 .@~{4~~<11J.@J t~-8-lc::: lcl:~1:t~Ri3~0)j;::~ ~ t~ c ~l:t~

9.@ C:: ~ IC:: t~ 'J * 9tJ\ C:: C:: l'{i£0)~** ""Z' c lv c lv::i5~1C::: A.n T L, *? t,
iJ' ;t-::> T c (Mi!J14tJ'-'I' ~ \, \O)fJ'~ l:t-"Z It::< < t~-::> T G * \,\ * 9 o ~~~c::: lei:~
~8'-Jt~~Uc ~t-zo lcl:t~ O&~lr:J lc::: t> T'- 51PJ±O) ~ \, \ ( = ~Wltt) lc:::~tJ'-:J iJ't~ <
t~-::> -c G *? t.:<I1J, 7 Jlt::f'J .A'bO)'!ifl'§lc:::7;::~ td:~~~~ <f-l d:: 1£ L, a::9 o ~j(JtO)

Q.£\, \fJ'Fp,~ t t~-::> t.::~-8-lc::: lcl:, ~j(Jtf!J!JiJ8tO)Jim.Ff.l~~ X. T ch- * G J:? o

2-:J §0);>( ') 'Y Hcl:, 7 -5 ~l±~l'~.@ t \,\"3 c:: t -r9 o j;::~t~ ~j(JtO)'T -

5 ~~,t~\,\~j(Jt0)7-5 -rlii~~;t.@ c:: ~lei:, 1!i~lc:::?-5i!~I±*Wi9.@ c:: t

l'it5-@~§;ta;:9o~m·~~O)~•O)~-z'~2~5tO)'T-5-rGk~M~

~~"{'Ill( 'J m::> 7 -

5 0)9='1<= 1c~:•+ll, •s7J~X5tO)=r-5 t> ~ < t¥r± t.- a::9 0

-i-O)J;? t~~j;::t~~O)'T - 5 lt::x'.t VC.'l(:J1;f!l!Ji!P1~ <IS C:: t~? C:: t ""Z', 9&~1<=tJ'tJ'
.@ ~t· fii~j;::~~ ~c:::i!P!ZS G d:: 'J !F- <~H\ttJ'1'r ;t.@ d::? lc::: t~ .@OJ""Z'9 o

60 50

80 40

139
 -l
3--=' El 0) ;>( 1
) ';/ He!:, ro>J~~j[;O)'.T- 51f PJJ' t) ~9 L\ct? lt:PJt~1l::~~ ~ (::
L\-5 C:. (:: """C9 o $'[;13: c O)~J~L \;t_(;f, ~1=.0)JJX~'.T- 5 lt:lcl:§l~~~~ti.jl-0)

ftMO)'.T-5~~~c:.C:~G~ ? oC:.O)C:~r;::O)'.T-50)M·~~~~9~

C:Mlh'htc~-8', Ylffii¥.Jit::~U~9 ~ C:. C: lei: C: T~HG L\ C:. C: -c G ~ ?o -~It: .A

F~M~~~Bkllt:~M-ce' ~ ~ ¥&1cl: tt L\tfL \ 3~~51; * """C"""C~ t), 4 ~~51;!-jl::_O)TI!f¥&

1f * C: ~T~U~9 ~ C:. C: lci:"""C e' *1t~o ~j[;~IJ)JiOCicl: C:. -5 l,\? tc~~51;~1J~l\:~ <
AFI3,1J{t~t.i G ? G L\7" -5 ~t&? 7- A. It: ciS L\ T, '.T- 5 ii:~)JPX S 9 L. C: c ·
7-51f PJ:f~1t G, iliffiB".Jit:~~~~ ~ ct? It: 9.@ C:. C: 1J{t:2' ~ O)-z'9 o
ro>J~~7CO)'.T-5~ PJ:f~1l::c·2'~C:L\?.>< J ·:; H<= -=' L\ T, ~1/.f8'9tJ~~ 1J'S~
1

T L\ 2' * G J: -5o tc t X- l;:f_ ~:i:O)!JX*I7 - 51f ~~j[;~IJ )~It: ct t) 2 ~~51;0) -:r·-

5~~2'·X-~C:G*9o9~t, ~* -r~~~O)W-z' G ~~~?k'T- 51f
L. 0)~0) ct? (;: 1--='0):17 7 lt:~9 L. t jJ{-z'e' * 9 o t lei: L\ ;t, ~~j[;~IJ)]jJt~fr?

tc~~~"Z'Icl:, ~tL-t:'tLO)'.T- 5 O)IJH.31J{ c -5 L\? ~'*1fi~.h T L\~JJ'51JJ' t'J *

tt~1J\ PJmft G tc-77 70)%1J'S r L. O)-'/JL--/Icl:it*O)-'/J[.,-7 ? la:L\~J

r;:: 0)~7")[.,-/lci:)C*b'tJJ C: L\? t.:::'.T-5 O)M·~ ~--=' 17t±:l G tc -5 X- -r, ~

~1¥.Jit: rm*H!Icl:~*l![, *!U!!Jici:X*/![~ ~GTL\~J t, '.T-5~f;:f~Y!ffi8'91<::

~I~ -zoe'.@ ct? lt:~~O)-z'9 o

~~8 !t!lo/.J • •
~!# ±t!ll~ • •• •
qr~JW:; ••
~~ 8*51: • • •
• ··~
4~~ t!!W5!:
• ••
• • • ••
ft;!# • •
•

140
 ~XJT;llJIJ))8t"Z'foJt.J~'"C' ~ ~ O)f.J''t:-:> l' -cfii!ln -c ~ * Ldc.t.J\ L. L. f.J' G ';t~.XJT;J!JIJ)J8t
O)=JO~t,ffWIDC G * 9o
~5T;~))8t~r~~~ - ~t,f~O)M~M~G~D J W*-z:~~~IDC~G*Gk

t.J\ ~.XJT;IlliJ~O)=JO;!,;t L. 0) r M~ G~DM J O)~U::IJ-cl' <-:>f.J'O)~~t.J{~ 'J

*9 0 ~j(jf;llJIJ)J8t-z:'a:~-~ ii_ t,ffljlj;~t_, -c \,\~ t.::<Y), ~t'?.\~-~ 0)**1~7 -c \,\
td~~O)-$i;t~bh -c l' *9o L. O)~bh~ tl!J$&0):MO) L. ~ :a:mt&WE~it~
l' l'*9o t1!~:f~~:iil;t, 7-~~'!lH<=mC: G~ lvtc~i<: rM~9~~~J :a:
-1.><-S/'9 ~ C:bf.J'0 ?9l'f.J''b GtL*i±lvo **'
Mt.J'f'>O)~~ C: G-ct~7
-cl,tc.11U~t,f, '6Ht:MC:9L. e:c--z-~MC: vn,~tc.<Y) , ~X7CI\liJ;~c·,a:tJ:-8«

<m¥&t~~iit.J<:;k ~ <tcJ.. G tcJ.. l' J: -3, L. 0) r M~9 ~ ~ ~ J t.J~td.. ~ « <{~ <tcJ..

~ J: -3 tcJ,.lijJ 1,f ~ ~ -c \,\ <L. t 1<: tcJ,. ') *9 0

"'-r"
'--1-1- - - - - .
'li~~~~$1::• = r~r:~.@ iii~ 1n~'
IJI~<tJ.Q,m<w-tml HB~'

-tO) J: -s tcJ..~.XJT;IlliJ)J8tO)=JO;! ~ u-c :t 7 e: :t ?P <~um ~ n -r \,' ~ 0) 1a:, 3::Plt~

~tri (PCA) C'9o ~JJJt:l.J')H/Tici:L.O)M~ r~ -~f.J{:fii-'EJiiG-:>l''"Z"l'-8 (:l.J'

~:f.J\7:~ l ') nrPJJ 1<:11= ~ '¥$C'9 o l:~TI;t';f G-:> ~ O)~'EJ ::*::~ l 'nrPJI<:w
"§O)lijJt,f, ~ * 'J liS-:>~ O):;k~ <tcJ,.\, YnrPJ I<: ~"§O)ffil~ii~ * Gteo ~t.:: §
t.J'G :tw"§O)MO)'~ -st.J{m~ 9 ~ ~ ~t.J{Jj,~ <, w"§O),IIJO)'~ -s t.J{::*::~ \,\ <= e:
f.J{Pf.J''J *9o

141
 -~1l:;~
33 ilili~7 J~:j'IJ A'A
llil{t t 11, I 61> .Q ~d4 Clfi!J~~d4) (J)'f> t -c, 61> .Q 00~ ~It:*: C* f.: C1il'J') t: 9 .Q
M C:ftilM) ~>J(d).Q C:.c J 1:'"9o c:.c:.·rc:, :lil~{t(J)f.:d)(J)J7Jt-:::r•J.A' .4(J)1?T·
61> .Q ~f~ft.JJ7 w:r•J .A'-4 t-~t:M~G ·n ~~ *9 o

65-Q~Ii& (Eit¥J~Ii&) O)f~f.J~~::*:: *tdcl::fi:~N<::tci:.QJ: -5 tJ:M~~-g L. t ~~

~1t t J: lf*9 o tc t X. ti"'f~O)#*~O)J: '3 t.,i:~~O)f~~~::*::l<::9 .Q t 2', ~

li&®*~L.®J:?~~x.~~~ L. ~~::*::~ ~.QM~i15.Q~~-EI~~~9~

~l!fRI<:Icl:~<®~-8-, Elt¥J~~®*Icl:b1.J'IJ*ii!vo ~L."'t'~~ft~l;:l:, ~L.,

It:\,\( "J1.J'I!i¥~.A1J9.QL. clt:J:? -C J: IJ Eli¥J~~®{~1.J{J:1,\f!I¥~~L.,, ~
)00f!J¥~)j<:6f).QO)~go

~(;:1:, U~fi:: (;:J:, -~t¥JfJ:~~~~y 1'-'::::J.I) _A:'b_0)~~1.J'f5 1;:l:7'!-~ ~\,\*go

[..; i.J' [..;, ~l!fiH<:~~~~ lt:fllR~.Q bZ,9!.B'~ C tJ:.Q 7 1'-':::J 1) "A b. ~::t il5 .Q tc6f),
L. L. ~ [_; ? i.J' IJ (: tifl 6 X.~ l, \ 2' * [_; J; '3 0

=fll!l

+----- *~~(;:(;t §ll{Jil!l;ll(J)ffj (;t

t.n'J'S:>'J:l-'

142
 ft L- ~ ?ld:-1 x- ~~t?JtJ'h:fJ~ t> t~~3i~H~-z:9tJ\ fMc t> OJ E3 m-t<= t> t.: <~
fu~a=;n -r \., \~OJ-z:9 o tc c. ~J;:f- ~<:: t;J:fu t<:JBL.\ L- L.\1J L> -7-1 A-~11=~ c.

c. t>, -g*-x y :fJ\~f±~@J~ttng~;R:~~ c. c. t>, 1 li0)~~1t-z:9 o

lb, 1m: l,OOOPH"S\..11_,\..I:IJ v - 7 rclJ 9: t-JL,X~:n'/Sf±~~~J::.

1:A~fF-@ <;g~VC@-@
lll!J~:liH't : ::p~ 1.000 fil lll!J~~14 : 5*±9-"'""C ~ 11QJ9'-:JwroW-@
§~~~:1Jv-71:AOJ~~'-'~ EJ~~~ : t-JI,:A ?/O)f~1i1Jseyr~OJ8§t
*~-@m:m~9-@SMOJ~~8btt *~-@~~ : @·MH±OJJII~tl)

*~~m
1.::/t,l:iA, 40 p:j X 4
l:i'\'>tJfl,I'EJ 30p:J X 3 8m""{"
1;i.9 30p:J X 2 1,000 p:J 10~
(l!iJJ*'-l~.H!j:) 1 @im~
~~ 150 p:J X 3 (:fi!J*'-l!lkf!t:)
1J[..,-JI,.- 1 QQp:J X 2

1J[..,-

- §~IMJ~

~0-*'G;:'!
B-A-C-E- 0 - 31JijPdJ3071
JL--1--2 : E- o - c - s-A - 41Jijrd'J1071
}J(d.l~m §~tuJ~

.L~cO)f?IJ~:$'H<: t>, *~5m~t±t<= E L. \ Tf,ii~ O)~ijlpfitJ' G~.li9G i<=*m~~ ~~ ·

~fl9 ~~~~r~,O)~J®1t~~~~-s-r-> , I~i<=JB L.\ -r~~0)~~~~£9 ~

~0)~£7-1 :-;0) ~111J~r~,, * tct;J:~~If-¥AAO)~J.001t~ El~t<=9 ~~-g-t~ c.,

~ ( O)rp9@t;J: c 0)~~1~tt: J: I') *~ ~ t±J9 c C :fJ\""Z_'~ g:;9 o m!~~~t<:JB \.. I T
=
t;J:, Section19 r /\-1 J '\-J \7 .)( - 5 C. -'E'T J[;O) 7 :J.. - Y 7 J -c.t:Bft' L- tci\i-~
id:J\-1 J\-J\7 .)( -5 O))_R~Id: c t<: J: <flj}f.l ~ tL l \.. \ 9 * 0

~)(0)~-~tJ, a; t;t, ~~l~H<=ili-~1t:O)rp9~ c~~f~rp9m) ~Wf <tc~ l<= c O)J:

-'5 f~15$.tfa5 ~O):fJ'~52.T \.. \~ a:;9 o

143
 8 ~~~U::*U~€it.>tt!11~
- Wr/J'Ivtc.lv tJ:.15$Jj., -i-0)~3lM~rp~Jm"Z"~ .:Z? ~ 9 ""TO)MO)ifl§.#~:btt
~- G, -i-O)M-~6~DM~8<15$~9o ~0)1J$ ~*~~~~ ~h, ~
9':t-:> ~ :t J: ~_,,M1,i:1~~ ~ ~ ff·c·~ i:J:::9 o GiJ' UJ?.~~It::IJ:, §t~~?iiftJ~::k~

< ::kmt~;tJ:.~D11:lp~~~t::X'.t G TJ.Iffl"Z"~ i:J:::tt Iva $t;la: c 0)'8'~ "Y /0)0JJ~Jf.llo'

~ ~, og~ -y /fJ~@] ~~t±~~ n ~ G tc. ~ ~, @] ~~t±O)JI~tlfiJ::i:~"Z" n! ~ IJ

~ t,J. 1J i:J: : 9 o ~t±~fJ{5t±O)~~, 5!=5x4 x3x2 x 1 =120~ 1J "Z"9tJ\ 10t±lt::

t,J. ~ ~ 1 0! =3,628,800~ IJ, 20 t± It:: 1J: ~ ~ 20!=2,432,902,008, 1 76,640,000 ~

IJ t ~o'-:> tc. J:? it::;IJD~&:a'-.Hc:::m X. T ~o' ~ i:J::: 9 o H'Yit:: 1 Jlli IJ 0)~1'JfJ""Z" ~ ~ ::J
/~ ~-~~~h 6~~·Gk ·~ 5li~ ~h~ 2~~-:b~ ~-~ Wtl~
li*~ 760 7J.i=f:fJ'iJ'-:> T G i:J:::? ~ lo'? ~ t C'9 o ~ 0) J:? It::, ~11'9 ""~ Wf.O)m
# ~btttJ~tJo~&:~ It:: fi .:Z T lo' < ;: ~ 1,i: *Bh "€i b t!1i~ ~ lo' lo' * 9o
ifl§.#~:btt!!i§Mt:: J: IJ :i:~~"Z" IJ:~~fJ\-z."~ tJ:. ~o '~D1~ rp~Jm~M <tc.61J It::,
~* ¢'* lt::I~2"htc~D1~7 JL-::J" 1) .AbfJ"*~~h Tlo,i:J:::9 o ~ ~ "Z"Ii, f\;
*~tJ:.~i.i~H ~=!=5!0)lJ' ~ -:>C'd5~iAfiB'..l7 Jv :::l' 1J 7:.'b.1,i:~:1h'tc. G *9o
Jfi1ii~ 7 JL-::J' 1) .Ab ~ IJ:-i-0)~ 0)~ I), j:'if[JO)~itO) G < # ~flj jf.J G tc. 7 )[.,

~~.AbC'9o~~~..Z.h~hO)@~~ r e~-~2"h1J:~6r~~(ifl§.#•
X.) J r~~%t~J ~ < I) )1&9;: ~ "Z", 11.:i:~O)~{ii-TfJ\ J: IJ r$~J lt::Diit9 ~
J: ?~it GT \,\ ~ *9 0 3W1ii~ 7 JL- :::t 1) .Ab "Z"IJ: ~ 0) G (ilj.\C::t,J. 6 \,\, El~~

~~ r$~~0))JJJitgJ, *61J~M1,i: r.ffirJ ~ J7.1J:G, ~~ft~:tbk-:>T

~:lR · 3<.': ~ · ~1.~~ ~1mJ~~< IJ3l&9~C:It::J:-:>T, -i:-O)~D1trp~~~t::d'31t~

:t-:> t:t J:~o'm~ ~90)-z"9o

~ -:> -1:- <, -1:- 0) 7 D iz A.~ ?ii~ G T 1...' ~ * G J: ? o

~{Lfii;J 7 Jv : :I' IJ .A'b OY:1D 12:A

CD @ ®

144
CD.f7J Mi!!:1-\: 0) 1:JJJt
L. O)~]J~IW::fifl] O)i!!:{-\:0) 017- "Z'fr l- \a.: 9 o :f7JM1!!:1-\:"Z' '<t.~tf l- \ t.,i: l-\ t.: Y.>, ft!Jil\kl
~~~~~~ ~, ~~~~~Y~b"Z'*~GT@~~1:_RX; Ga.: 9o

4
®®f*O)WJ!ffilj ~
-t;-O)i!!:{-\:0)9A(TO)@'f*I<:X1 GTffffilj~ff\,\a.:9 o ~@~O)*i{Er~ §fj{J~ ~
"'1"
~
~I<:A1:J GT~~~fjt,\, -t;-O)~a~~WJ!ffiljf\IC: GT~2~Ga.:9o (])
7
)[,.

®E!f.~~)t
:::r
1)

@~O)WJZffiljm~&~, ~~~ff~T~O)i!!:~~~~~~H9@1*~~~~H
::x:
b.
a.:9 o L. O)ffi~"Z', 1E:{~'f*O)~{E~tJ~~ ~ ~tLt.:1lrPJ-"~1t G T \-\ <L. C: l<:td:
~ a.: 9 o ~)( /\( - ::/O)~-z'lifm~1t0) t.:::Y.>LiJ' SlllilH<:~fR G T \.\a.: 9tJ\ ~!lo/.10)
~~c(C: d=O \-\ T~3Vci:1~1*tc lttJ{JafE~~9!9 b lt-zo ';:tt.,i: \-\ ~ ~ ,<:, *i{Ei¥J 7 )[,

:J. 1) :X..'b "Z' =t ffffllj{@O) ~\- \)I)W'c:~tR9 ~ 0) "Z' (;;!:t.,i: ( , ~ Y :)7" b~~~ J\htc.:f-
5$-z"@~~)!tfR Ga.: 9 o -t;-O)fl*~ <ffl t,\ Sn~~tR.'f-5! C: G T let, r JL-- ~ ·y

t-- ~iRJ r ~ Y :t- Y -:f~iRJ r t-- - + ;;< Y t-- ~iRJ fd. c tJ{ if5 ~ 3.: 9 o

®~~ cmd7-~;t)
~~~~Snk@~~±O)~~~~~H if5.Ptt, Mkfd-~~~0)@~~~~

G 3.:9 o <: O)ffil~Hc: ~-:~ Tflhtd~f*O)JI{n~O)~ l-\BB7.J' ~± ~lli ltif5btt0

c: e: ti-z-~ , ~ ~ ~ l- \iS1n~~~~9 -8 ;: e: tJ{C'~ 0 O)-z"9 o ~~rc:=t E!~;®
).t:C: ~~~;:~a.: ~3-:fci:=J'-$tJ{:fftt G 3.:9 o ~ <fflt,\ Sh~O),;:t, r 1 ~~~J r~
~~~J r -~~~J t.,i: c -z-9 o

@~~~~
-t;-O)i!!:~0) 9A(TO)@~~X1 GT, - ~O) -·-z'~~-T O) -$~~Y~b~

]:~G3.:9o

145
 iliine-'9? Jv ::1'1J "A'L>.
@JJJUJ1~ti'tO>~filt
l;t:l:/6f:> l;t., lfi!J f.:J~f!:t-1.:~?~ ?l.:ilffi=t'-{!:7 /"9' AI.:~:@Ud~-l$~~/i1\9 ~

~-1$ 1 ~J c15l- \l_,l- ,7Jv- 7-f':AH'F~

- "J-"JQ)ii:ffi=rl;t. rM!ISI{tl,l< "Jl\t?t.>'J
@]-1$ 2 t.:c xl<f@l-l$ 1 1;t:······
@]-1$3
@l-1$4
®1-1$ 5 .--,..,;:::::;::::::;::::::;:::::

l
®Eifi.\liHt .
lti~I'J:@-1$1/~<~~~~?,
~lj!fffijQ)ft\: l, \f~-j;l; ~)ij);t9 ~

90g
90g 90£
80g 80 g
70g 70 ,c!?-
60,c!?- 601!ii:
I I 50,c!?- c::::r::c~:::J so,c!?-

t
®~x
@I-I$1E.J±Q) Jr:!m-T~ t.l'l"t~:Pit,
~t.: I'J:iiHii-T~~"J@I-I$~~/i1\9 ~

{i~tJf@j-j;$ (;t:~Q)**
~9CC: 't> ili5 ~

2-"JQ)@-j;l;Q)~ffi=r~
7/"YA I .:.A.tl~;t~

146
 s~

i: i: tl' s let:, 9-cl;:: l' <-:Jtl'OJ~fiffcm!l!n -c ~

t:::.r'-1 -:t5-=:::;?'I;:-:Jl'-c, ~ u~¥LJ <~

fve'l'<~f;:~~nt~9o .Z.trZ.=t:Jc'OJ~5~~
~~R-cR~LJ-c~~~$~0)~, .Z.LJ-ceOJ
~ 5 t<i.':T- :A cC'3~.li-:JOJ1J', ~f*e-'g~$f9U

~*'1'~tJfS--:J-"'".)~m LJ -cl '~*9 o

 =3.-?J~*~ i''7-?c
34 :r(])~sE
=~ - 7 Jv* ·;.r "'7-? t 11, AII!'IO)~ft@l~ (=~ - [J / ) 0)~:4).§~ .:c7-'Jv1t Ld.:
-* ·;.r 1- '7 -? 0).::: t -r-·9 o ~*!191~ t ~'? t, t '.::: f.l> AIHH:l!i~' 't 0) ~ 1' 1- - ')" t.,
tit, t-·9-JJ', ~II!F.I;t.:E L,lf~¥:<t;:t 9 .Q~I=*I::: :/ /7.Jv~"E7 Jvt"9 o

;: ;: \:' 1;,1:, T -1 - 7 7 - .=.::.; ~i 0) {liPf:;: ~ tJ: [.., <J7. \:' il5 -t> I~ - t! 7' " [J ::.;
(.=. .::1- D :Y'E7' Jl.-) I<:-:)\,\ T~Ua:: 9 o J\-iz 7 1-- D :Y l;,l:$- 0) .=. .::1- D :Y
~ 'E7' Jt.-ft [.., tc. :t 0)-z:'ilt) t) , -t-O)tl@lj: t. T =t :_; :Y 7 Jl.- "'Z'9 o
-t-n-t' nO) .A:tJ 1;,1:, '"f~O)l!J \, \ ~EIJ"Z'5Ji: ~ n T \,\ -t> J:: -5 I<:, ~~ 0) J\.f.J l<::tl"lit

9{Jtl:h C*6U-:J ~O)ss~) ~nHttc: -s;t c·.@~na::9o ~SI<::, 1 l<=m#ta:

-~~:t O):t.@~tL *9o <:n~~~~t.~~h, '"F~"'Z'~ 80)~~-z'5Ji:~h
T \,\a:; 9 o .@ u~t.J {~p? tc. :t 0) !;,tiff\, \~EIJO) J:: -5 1<::5151ift~!l&c ~l;fh-t>~ F:
i\l~~!I&(P.150~~) I<::J\..:tJ~n, ~~I¥.JtJ:te:tJC:fd:tJa::9 o tJ:td, fOe;!
'tift~!/&~~~9 ~ t., 1\-iz 7 D :Y l;,l:'"f~::t!O) J:: -5 l<::jffl <<: c t.J~ -z:'~ * 9 o
1--
J \ - iz 7 1-- D :Y ta' 2 -:)m;td,T te:tJ 1r: 2 -:J I<: L., tc.~ t. "8-:b ii-T -lii~E L., T E \, \ T <
tc ~ ~, \0

•
Xz

148
 J \ - iz 7 1-- o:,; ~ .:C O)ftd<: :t -::dJ: tf-r 1-' <t, .Afl I! t t:!:t:b Jiii1 0) Fa~ tc: Ill! nil
~¥-i-:? tc .=. .:z. - 7 JL;* '/ 1'- '7 -7;/J{~~ *9 a .Afl~ t t±lfl~tcl:~~fm~~~
-@O)t<:MG, ~ni~H<l:~~fm~~~ 9, x*Jm
I'J r ~hJ Tl-'*9o """f~O).=..:z.-
7JL-;:f.•;; f-. '7-~(<l:, ~t1~ 1 ~1f::J:'!f:Jtc2~0)=.:t- 7 JL-f. ·;; l--'7-?~9a
fiJ%-z'ff-2" ntdf~:lJ't,r / - F, 9cE[J-z'ff-~ htc$5}t,r I'/~ t \, \\,' 9 o tJ:<t3, *
~O)~t,r~X.-@I!~H<l:, .Afl/11f:!lffi)i..G, r.I ·;; ~O)f. ·;;f-. '7-? t / - ~ (<:-:>

~ 1~J t:rtX.-@ t J: \,\-z' G J:: -'Sa .Afl~--4~hlf!H<:JBI- \T(<l:, .AfJJ!O):&/-

~t<l:~h~O)~TO)/ - ~ c~i3-GTI- ' *9 (~hJ!I --4tf:lflleH<:<t31-'T-b!EJ 5
~) 0 *
c:: 0) J: .:s tJ:I!:1f: ~*s-€ill t ~,' ~,' 9 0
7
1
C::O)~f1,~1f:2"St<:fP]@-b~-\->GTI-'( t, 7'1-7' .=..:z.-7JII;i:"; 1'-'7- I
7'
7 *
il'icJ5X G 9 oR~nm-1->~~hJ!O) /-I-' 0)~1!:~-1-> Gtc c:: t -r:; \7 ;;<- 5' c:m: 7
I
Jiw) 0)~;/J\tp.( fJ:-@ tc~, J: I'J~iltid:t±ltJ 1rfrX.*9a -15, J\7;1--$'0)
~t.J{tp. <tJ:n tt, ~~';: tcJ:J: 0 ~ <0)-T- 5'tJ'£'~ t tJ: 0, ~~~=titec:: 0-~->
9 <tJ: I'J a::9 o .:Ch1rf!15<· tc~t;:{~bn-@= .:z.-7 JL-f. ·;; 1-- '7 -?~~0)-'F$
i.J\ FO '/ 7'7"7 l'-l'9a ~ D •;; 7?? f-. c(<l:, -~O)~~"C / -!-' 1i::fJ:l-\-b
0) t ;}ftJ: G -r~~~fr.:S15$.-c9 o

y,

y,

149
 ili'ltftllUH: ~;t, .i\1J 1.f~J7.111t u tdD1,f~UOJ~tt:~:lf~~1t ~~J:\;0) <:. c -z-,
T1 - 7 7- =./7ic:::;Jst,\T~F'if!;lc::: ~~-z-9 o !.5ltHIJFF.I~n Tl-\~)3'1i.1t~~

1;:1:9~T~F**~~~It:fO:? Tt,\*9o ~F**~~~C:: 1;:1:, 77 7 J:-z--@:*'~-z-1;:1:

fJ:\,\~~O)<:.C::-z'9o td:<f.>, **~~~C::I;:I:, y=Ox+L'}.O)J:-'Jfd:lf~-z'*~n,
77 7 J:-r-@:*'~tc::: tJ: ~ ~~<7) <:. C:: \:9 o 53'ti1t~~C:: !_; T1-1t*ft-JtJ::t <7) lc:::,
St ?·.::c -1 ~ ~~, J\-1 J\11{ 1
) "J /; ~ / : ; :r / t-- (tanh)~~, Rectified Linear
Unit (ReLU) ~~tJ: ctf~~1Sn a:: 9 o St~:t.::C-1 ~~~~;:!:, c A.JJ:~1,f .i\1J u T
=to iJ' S 1 OJ Fs, It: ~lt.!! ~ h ~ tc. ~ , ~ ~BkJ lc:::~~ ~ t±l1J 9 ~ ~ ~<:~ fflT:9 o

tanh ~~lcl:, )\jJ1,f -1 lJ'S 1 lc:::£}f.!! L;a:;9o ReLU~~~cl:~%OJd::? tc:::~;zg:;

9-JJ\ o-c:t!TnEIBiJ'? -r \,\ ~ tc. ~ ~Fto'R%c·9 o o~..1:<7)~13-tc ~t .i\n 1,f -t:-OJ *
g:;~9~~' ~-~~~~~-z'~~~~~WT:9o
<:.? \,\? tc53'1i.ft~~O)fJ:iJ'T:ili:i=F J: <~bn T I. \~O)Icl: , ReLU~~-r9o
-t:-O) ~ tJ:~EI:Hct:, 1;l!!C5~~rp~Jm (Section39~~) fJ{~~~c::: <t,\fc.I1YT.!9o ~~

-~~, 53tt~~~~-~u~~c~~)1,f~?-r~•~u*9~ St7 .:C -1

~ ~~t-> tanh ~~~ct:~lJciJ{ ol<=ili: 1. \~I<= tJ: ~;: C:: iJ'~ <, ~~tf? * <~J7. *
1t~o-t:-OJ~, R&U00ft-r~x~O~J:\.'~t1~~~ ~ 1 C::fd:~~~, ~~~
~J;.t->9 \, \<7) -r9 o -t:-lv fJ: ReLU ~~0) X J;~Uct:, x iJ'O J: t) 'J' ~ \, \~13-tc::: ~~
iJ'iZ D tc:::fJ: ~ <:. C:: -r9tJ\ <:. OJX;;$.. 1,fa)(:~ u tc. ReLU O))J'K~l:t!~~:t ~<til~
~h""[\,\*9o

,LJ
0.8
0.6
0.4
02
0
- slzl
g'(z)

1
g (z}= H e·z
J\1' J\ *IJ ·;;?9/:J:r/ 1'- (tanh)

0 :LJ
0
81

-0.5
.1
-~1 A.1J-a:0~1 (;:
~~
ez-e-z
g(z)= ez+e-z
-5 0 5 -5 0 5

Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU} ReL UO))m~

LeakyReLU
ElU RelU PReLU
LRelU SReLU
SeLu ......

150
 5!1i.1t~~t.J<~I=*''Mf~~c!5 .Q ~E8 tct, ffl.~ O)-T-9 0) l;f t.lv c1J{~I=*~ff~~cl5 .Q

t.J'5 ~9 tct. ~ i<f""f ~O).t -stJ:~ t. ~O)-T-9 i,r~m u .t -st. G-r:t, -®

0

~~ ~ct~m~~ *i:t lvo no'Rff~5!ttft ~~T icl:, c lvtJ: (C~{E-T-f -7tc GT B

~W**t.J{- ~IiJ1HctJ:-::>T G * t., \* 9o - 15, ~l=~%5!1i.1t~~~ff~JJ:, ~*
~~W·~~<~t.~<::~*9o A~~ ¢ G ~ -::> t.~*i:t.Q~t.~OO~t><~
)gtttJ:, :t t. (C~ "\:t t,J: \, \(;f C ~* IL: ffi /v tc*''Rt.J{ tf:l~ l'~ .Q ~ t. tel:, @~((9tc:t 5
1 ;>Z -V'G~9 t., \l'GJ: "5 o
rA Neural Network PlaygroundJ t. t., \ '5 -iJ 1 I-- l' tel:, .::. .:::z. - 7 ) ~ "J I-- '7- ~ *
O) ~ Jf ~ ~~ .Q ~ t. tc .t .Q tl:l ~ Mi:W:0)1£1t ~ ®~fl'9 tc Ui t.J' c9) .Q ~ t.1J'T ~ a:

9 o00.0)c!5.Q 1J ~~- G T ~~~ t. {t~99 c9)G*9o

0.9 0.9
0.8 0.8 iii'Uii'ittfti!!IBl.'l;t
ISl~Mfti!IIBl.'l;t 11'.1'71-7'1;::
0.7 .P.!!'.r71 - :f(;:: 0.7 9gcm;~;r;::
0.6 vet, .a~ 0.6 f tl;::t.;:g
0.5 0.5
04
· o 0.1 0.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9 1 0.40 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

~!Jl! : http://introtodeeplearning.com/materials/201 9_6519 1_L 1.pdf

-=>0., ' .
000,1 56 GDl

0
·· 0-... ~
.0 - . 0
':?""-
'-o -f/ __ ,
o~ : -: :..
..._. "

https://playground.tensorflow.org/

151
 L. L. *-z:>, mi±~bn \: \,\~ = .:l-5 JL-.f. 'Y t-- '7 -? 0) G <#~~l!'I.G \: ~
* G teo fit~: I<:= .:2- 5 JL-.f. 'Y t-- '7 - ? O)J!l5e. ~MPJ ~? -c OZf * G J: -5o L. n
*~O)=.:l - 5Jl-.f.'Y t-- '7 - ?;m:~lcl:, ~§;tw;$~ < IJ~GT~TL\*9o
= .:2 - 5 JL-.f. 'Y t-- '7 - ? 0)~* IJ lei: 1943if, :)!II~~~~~O)"X tJ D 'Y? t
-~~O)~~~ij~~=.:l-C~ ~~*GkL.t~9oL.O)~~=.:l-D ~~,
AFI3, O)ni2!11<:: <15 ~:)!II~,UIIJJ?:! (= .:2- D ~) ~ "E T' JL-fl:; G te :t 0)-z:> G t.:o f!ll~*l!l!l?J

~~, ~*~*~•~~~~s~ ~ ~nkm•c~•M~)ij~b~IJ, •~

1~~1J'-J:EO)~tQ~ ~...t lc::t~~ t = .:2 - D ~tJ'~~ G a;:g- o L. O)~~lcl:, fffi~~
illh T {'!£0)= .:2- 0 ~ IC:: {Zib? \:L\~ *9o ~~ ~<::~~ = .:2 - 0 /l''lcl:, Xh
O)f@: (x1, x2, x3, .. . ) tJ'~OZfw1, w2. w3, ···I<::J: ?T:i:#11~tsnt.:-5X. 'Z' f!:: ~h
a:: 9 o -t;-O)j@:t.J' G ~ L\{@: T ~~X.~ t tB~ y tJ' 1 1<:: t~ IJ, -t: h~ji-0)~'8-lcl: 0
t~ IJ *9 o c. -5 GtetJ'IvteA.J~"E T' J L-'Z':t ~~!¥Jt~~~~t-'l1l:~~*m-z:~
~ L. t tJ'btJ' IJ, Ril!lO)iiJii~ "ET' JL- 1<:: G te :J ~ t •.:2- 5' A.,O)I}~j!j::,,tJ'~ a:: IJ * G
teo
1958ifl<:: lei:, ,j)J:lll~~O) D - iif/5 'Y t-- tJ'~~ = .:2- D ~ ~~:1H: G,
J \ -i:? / t-- D ~ ~ ~* G a:: G tc (c. 0) Section ~:e:w-z:mafl G te :t 0) t lcl:0' G ~
~I') a:: 9) o L. 0) t ~ ~IR!f 1<::, D - ii >/ 7 'Y t-- lcl:~31:grp(J5 1J ~'ilW ~ :f'J '57 JL- :J.

') .Al.dr~~ G * G teo .Aim~~tJ' § 6~,3\L. t tJ'T:~ ~ t L' '5Jill1~~~cl: <-?

t r'5J *I')' 1960if1-tlc:: lcl:ii:fJJ O)~Jf~7·- J., ~ illl X. a::9 0

M~*~ A.1J ]EJjf;jlt

I
~~1*

I
X1
!iiO'J.w,
!EO'i.w·
•* X2

X3
!EO'J.w·,
ID>Tfd:S 1
lltl.:~lllf.l"3.A1J::! tlt.::
ID~Tto:S 0
11ftit.l~mttl"{'l,l<
~~

152
 l_; iJ' l_; D --!:?' :/ 7"7 'Y !-- O)§E*iJ' S ~a;:~ 1960if.ftO).fiHJi:": 7"- .Ld;:l:, ~jz5f;

I<::~~ vc:· ~\~a;: 9 o -tO))R}E:j:J C:: tJ: ·::deO) l;:l:, 1969 4, .A.I:'!:OrjgO).fiHJi:":='M
c-65~2:Y.A=t--C::J\J\ - I--I<::J:~nf}ri,Jc·9o -tnlcl:, Jl"l'f.J'1-::JO)J\-t7'1--
D :/ lcl:l\,'F.7B7.J'Ifl1FfPJ*§ (Section24 ~~) fd:Fp~lm >2 ~~ ~ttJ: ~ \ C:: ~ \ -3 t~Hri,JC"l.; teo
I1l1Ktffit¥Hc:: lcl:, m:f:EO) J: .:s 1c~ >21Pl I! 1c:: .:t ~n~ c. e:: e-m;~ c- ~ ~ rp~JmT65 ~ e::
PiJ'? Tl;:l:~\tc.:t:JO)O), D - i:?':/7"7 'Y 1-- O)§E*l.;te7 )~::J" 1) 7..'b C'lcl:ll"l'>2~ 5
ntcJ x: - t 7' r- o :y >2 -".¥-'~ ~ ii ~ <= e:: lcl:/!"'PJ"!l§tC:? tc 0) T9 o *6Jl§J, IJl~OYrl 7'
..,..
~IUJ: Fp~lm ~ m;~ 9 ~ 1<:: lcl:~~~ ~ \ C:: !fU~f.l L_; tc L. C:: c·, 197041-t I;:J: = _"l - 7 J~:f. 'Y I
/
I'-9 - ?~C?T~$0)~~(::fd:0*-9o 5

we < 1gso .1=f:1-t lcl:, IYl:fr 0) = .:z. - 7 J~ * 'Y r- 9 - ? 0) '¥' ~ ::r) ~ ::J. •) ::<..L.. e:: tJ:
I

~ t~~J:2':1~tl5$ (Section37 C"~~m) t.J'Ui:V: ~ ntc~~Jlc-65 0, ~tfJi::f.J\-:J$)1t A.,

tC. B';J!!Jl C:: ~ \ ;t -8 C"l.; J:: -3 o ~~~3:2':1~:fl5$-t 0) .:t 0) i;:J:, 1960 41-t 1<:: 9 C" (<::~~
~ n T ~\te .:t 0)0), 3::§ 1!:~~9' 1<::~b? T ~\a;: l_; teo l_; iJ' l_; 1986.1=f:(<:: 1;1:)!
~~nk*~I--9-?0)".¥-'B~~~J:2':ffitl$1!:~-3~$t.J~:V:L;, !!~~nk

*~I--9 - ?0)'¥'Uf.J\PJ~C::td:0a:::L;ko~S~,L.O)~M~~-b~b =.:z.-

5 )~.f. 'Y 1-- 9-? (Section41 -c·m~~) O)~~.:t~f.iX L;, -'f*'2':s'C~O) ~~~m\t.J'c-
2' -8 a:::c· l<::~fflfr\JI<::tJ:? teO)C' l_; teo

t~ /\ ~
}iij I\ / Jjj[ ;:?-. ~
I ~ ~~ h
r.=t-
;- I • - :. ~k~A
/J I' ""--'
1- 'ft '7JJ.
~ · ~I=
~ ~ ~
(1969) (f) I
------------------------------------~-- 7---+
1960 1970 1980 )j,. 1990

153
 19801f.rtlc:::~~):2!1:Z:iJllt-*O)PiJ'Z.c \;\-5)~t!.:V,,;td5 o a:: u tc.1A 19901f.f-lt:IJ'S
2ooo 1f.rtM¥ a::""{' l;t¥.J:rJ~;;(J)~f-~t~ ;mx. a:: 9 o fP1 Jj 1c::: t> m:f'd.tc. = .:1 - 7 ;"
*~ ~ 9-~C'~, ~~~iliM$~~~~ rffimJ~-53::<ffbh~(~~~
$\;:rP~m. Section39T'Wf.IDt) !':F~:IJ~ -5 a:: <~; \:IJ't~ ~; \ c 6 h -r 1- \fc.(J)C'9 o 6 s lc:: ,
lli~(J) ::J::..; 1::::" .:1-5 (J)~~fjgt.J C' i;t, J!0)5WI- \= .:1-7 J"* ·;; ~ 9 - ~ 0)~~

:a:ff-5 <:: c 't 12!Sl~C' l.; tcotO)r~,, +t!K- ~ ""- ~ ~ JV'?:;:; / t~ c =.:1-7 J" * '/
1-- 9 --:7 :a:~p~\;\~~~~O)-'f5-*tJ~:E 5JiEC:: t~ I)' = .:1-7 J"* '/ ~ 9 - ~ 0)

~tf~l;tr:kc t~-::> """'CI-\2' il::9o

= .:1 - 7 J" * '/ ~ 9 -~ :a:!fl\;\fc7''4 -/7-=>70)iiJf~;b\'~-::> eft;~ \;\

tc. 0) ,;;:, 2ooo~1-~t1tt-¥ T'9 o 2oo6~, ~-~1~~=MO) r::::..; ~::..; tJ\ ii!IHaZ: *' /
t- '7-? (DBN) c O!Jl-l;ftl,.@/j 0) ~ 1- \ ;f. ·;; ~ 9 - ~ li: ~ 1-\ -r, 5fJJ¥1¥Jt~~1§1 1J
5-*:a:1*~ Va:: l.; teo 6 S li: , iii~~?~ ;ffJv ';tv/ v :/ / (RBM) :a: ffl 1-\ tc:'f,¥~
~O)~~M~(J)~fjgttt>~uif:uko <::h <::t~~.-J - 77 - =/~(J)'f-¥~T'

ilb I)' ~il:f~il:f = .:1 - 7 J"* '/ ~ 9- ~ li: J:.@ @i~W2.~(J)jliil.il¥J~J!ii li: J t~
:IJ~-::> """'[ \; \ -::> tc. 0) T: 9 0

ffl!J~Rffr!;f-Jt- '/""<' /""<~ /l<t 211<',

fSJ~Jmi;:~~~JJlfS.I±I;t:>t<>tJ~St.n'
(;tjiJjiO)j;l~~llfj('~~)

154
c

f,!l)tm~~t'T'-1-77-::::..':/7 c ~,x_,;r, Googlel<=1-t*~h.Q J: -5 f<i."J' ;I. 1) ncr;-};_

::i'l::~t>::k~b'liJT~~ 1
)- f.: l,T~\.Q c ~\'5-{ ;;i.-Vb'-~fl~n:9a ii.:td~:llil'l;l:, <=P
§'JO)::i'l::~t>::k~{;~~\f¥tE@\Htlti VC<t6 IJ, 8;t0);;5¥11HH§Xi(I~H<::~/v l' ~X. T L,
ii,: '5, C ~\ -3 A{;~\,\;/)\{; L,h*ii fvo
$~, I~i*l<= <t6 ~\T <:: 0):5J-tfl'<l5 * IJ f¥1±@\0)t~~ \ B;tl'9b\ = -7 J[,:f- ·;; 1--
.:1.
5
'7-? O)~.'it'.O)cp l<:: {;t: L,-;) D' IJ c B;tA.O);g JliJb'~U#),z., ii.: h T ~ \ ii.: 9 a -thiJ\ .f&i&;,
7''
J'~~C~\'5lijf~~l'9a ~i,{;t , 1980'9=-1-ttc: r:f-:t :J 7 = !--D'YJ ciPJ' l<fh.Q~Jil~ 1
~ Jl!ii:f!ll*I@J~'ET J[,'(t~* l_., ii,: l_., fco
:f-:t :J ?" = f-- D Y {j"_, !f!£ Jj.),z.,dj. = .:I. -7 J[,:f- ';/ I
/
r-- '7 - ? c1Plt5J:-:. l<::l\liii~~tt~~H<=5Sl<, mt±:~:bn Tt.\.Q:f- ·;; r-- '7-?0)JW-:~c ~\-;) 7
T {; ~\~ \d:: -3 t~, J1ii ( {;t cilY.tc l, ( #'ttt~h T \,\ ii.:9 o I
""f~O)Sffil!l?JcC$Jl~Hi, -th-'t'tL.lll-*;g (simple) $Jl?Jcr~H! (complex) *I!I!l?J~*L,,
~~MH±l c 7- J 'Y70)fn1J~Hh T t,\ *9o *fc:e~O)ra~l'{;t, ~#)2-,#ciPJ G;~
1

-~fr~ \ * 9 o A::IJ!Mb' S tl:l:t.J~l<=iP:lb' -3 {<:: -:Jh T, l'ffib'~\~~b"3:*: ii.: b'td:~i~~

@lv l't.\ < C\,\-311~{;, §J;I.),z.,J;~. :::.. .:I. -7 Jl,:f'. •;; 1-- '7 - ? c IPl Gl'9 o
~l'lH1tc IJ JlflO) J: -3 t<::1l'.bh T ~\.Q[llijj~~t(~O) / 7 J\'7 lc:B;t A.O)~:t.Jb'~lt*l*
b'h T~\.Q CJ[l. -3 c, t<i.lvtcb'~m;~~\l'9td.o

/ - I) /7 (C$@) lli:tJP.!:!

t:!:l~ :t!il~
1'1liiif (OS!iWHU'l)DeepCNN .f.::t :J 7=f- D YO)~~. AI~Illl'¥''ii:~OO;i;:'il:iil!iX;\1< .
2016, JSAI2016 ~. >/530@J~(;!l];i;:'il:(20 1 6) J: ') 181 1 {f~!l(ilt:fF181

155
 35
rGoogleO)iQJ l:ft~<Ht .Q J::? 1: , t!trs, ..tl;t "7 1 - 7' 7 - .::. :...- ?. C: l.' ;t liiOO~~
~· C l.'? f:::.-1 ;( - :J tJf~(, '""t9tl.o ;:::: O)i!? ~ 3 /""('(;t, -t" 'b -t" 'b OO"iffd8~ C (;tfiiJ
f.I:O)tJ>~Iljj~l:9 .Q;: C ""(', J:: IJ ~JW~~d)""(l,'! *(. ,
J; -j 0

::J / c:· ~ - 5' ...tic: 3=3 ~t .Q@j{~O) 'T - 5' ~;:!:., c:? iz )[_, (:: \,\-3 ,¢.\ 0)~ * fJ l.'9 0

-tO) -3 ;t C', - -::>--::> 0) C:? iz Jt.. lcl:. [ *', ~, l!i ]=[30, 120, 80] C: \,\:de. J: -3 I<:
t91fMJZ\ G tc. :t 0) (:: G -c*~ tL* 9 o L. 0)1!*, @1{~7 - 5' It:: r{PJ:b{~? -c 1, \.Q:b'J
(::\,\-3m¥&1cl:.ff:ttGT\,\* iilva A rs~C'cl5tLit, <15-Q@i~~~tc.(::~ r c_O)ffiS
7tlci:.AJ r c. O)fiB7tl;:t:~J (:: \,\ ·::dc J: -3 1<:, @11~ ~mP.JG9 Q ::S-fi~7t:b{-t n-rn{PJ
I<: X;JJIC,\ G-r \,\ .Q 0) :b'~ll~Hc:&t(~liH.~, -t 0)·~¥~ ~-@;- ~ -c r:m.~J :b~P.JG fJ :rz-::> -r 1,\

*9a G~G ::J /C:~ - 5'~~G~-~P.JG:rz~tt.Qk~~~, @i·~r~~M

litGT\,\.Q:b'J (::\,\-sm~1J{:;FPJ:R.-c9a ii!iili!~ (::lcl:., -ttL~::J /C:~ - 5'

~J:-::> "Z~J:-3(:: 9-Q~-~O)l.' 9o

~\, \(]) lcl:.:::t~

(, (]) 1;:1:. ~

~\, \ l::"? tJ[,(J)~ * I)

c... (])1;:1:.······?
fJ:(J)Icl:. ...... ?

156
 @j~~~ C:: ,;:l:, ~ \.,\~}{.~ (:: r~~ ~ - / ~~J <:9 o L. L. <:O)J\5-/ (:: l;:l:,
tc C:: }{.(;f r~ <TA\.. \~?!)p.js: (;:l: fJ fv 2:'<:ll5 ~ J r~<:" <lfh O) ll5 ~!Jo/.Ji*l;:l:)$~<:116
~J c \..\ -;;tc. , ~pts:~@i{~ C::GT.5il.tc. C::~O) ~ W~ J:~Ga::9 o {ji{tt~~~<: l;:l: ,

~~7 -5 iJ' G L: -5 \.,\? tcJ\5 - / ~ .5il.I±Jit ~ J:: -5 wll** G, ~~ (;: 7-5 iJ'
}\? T~tc. C:: ~ IC: L:O)J\5 - /~ ~T I;:l:~~ L: C:: <:9;0tJg~~mGT\..\3':9 o t
0)~'*<:, lm]{~8,~~7 )[.,:J. 1) /(J.:,., (:: l.t T~~~~~~IJffl9 ~ L: C l;:l:~~ C \.,\}{. 5
~<:"GJ:: "5 o
7''
1
l.t iJ' G, ttL <: l;:l:id:if@ii~~~.~~lM~fltJ!~ O) ~;fflt~~<:" l;:l:tJ <, 7-1 -7'5- = /
I

/70)~R C:: C:: ~~~fflO)· ~~ l.t ~O) <:"GJ::-5~o ~~G~ ~M7-5~G 7

I
J\5- Y ~ ~ ti:J 9 7 Jl.t:f 1) ;;( b.fJ O)<:, ftE*O)~.fflt~M 7 Jl.t :J. 1) :;(b.<:"~
T-1-7'5 -= /7~·0)@j~~-#<:"~t-5id:.#l.t 3':9 o
L. O)~Fp, (t:M9 ~%;= }{. l;:l:, 7-1 -7 '5 - = / 7iJ< r7 - 5 0) C. L. ~ ~hltJ \
5-/~ ~ti:Jit ~O)~J~~--z:'~~9 ~~~£1bfJa::9o ftE*O)~.fJit*R<:"~,
5" - 5 ~ 7 )[_,:::]' 1) /( J.:,., (;:}\t.J 9 ~ WJ (C: , 7- 5 0) c. L (C:5i §9h(;J:'J:: \., \O)fJ'~
A FI'M'J:~ :AE G T tO){@: (~~li) 1f:tfil t±:l G f,J.. I1hli\..\(j" a::tt fv <: G tc. (Section09
-~)o tO)k~, lmJ~O)J::-5id:3~~<:WM~7-5~M l.t T~, AOO~fi
~}JtJ¥-JT1&m~~~9 ~ L. C:: fJ'ti l.t iJ'? tc.0)<:"9 o l.t tl' l.t -T -1 -7'5 - = /7<:
l;:l:, ~Wtd..¥-¥Wm1r*~O)~~<:r=~HJJfB(c:~ Lt l±ltt~ tc.Y.>, Arl3~iJ'•1iiJ'tJ\.,\

7-5 O)J \ 5- / 0)~~~ fljffl G tdll!~iJ'PJ~~t,J..O) <:9 o

· @~1,1
·J!!M;J-15
·I'Y'l~~

[ Afm "- 1

157
 }JiU.!b'b1J'? te ~ L. 3 c\ 7-1 -77 - =>:7'1,f:;f1JJ'f.l G te@i~~m,y JL-:J' 1)
A'bOJ1~tl~/it~;og,G Tt,\2' 3:; G J:: ?o
3:;9~1*~1:1::fl'9o !WJ'i*~ti:J""<:'(;t, iffij{~O) r c LJ (C:: r~'LJ ;I)Hfp]%0)/it{~~J

"l'fftt G T t, '~ OJ1J' ~ t,'? te-m¥&1,f:~~-c:~ 3:;9 o -~-~1Hc:: :t, =J':J-$' JL-/J :1-
7 tJ: c-z:M~tl:l~~g1,f:m:-~ G T t-\.Q :t OJ1J'~ IJ a; G te1J\ t,\9:h:tt~ttlt~~1,f:

f ljff.l G tJ: \,\7 ) [, :J' 1) A b1J':I*ffl ~ tL "l \, \te tel!/.), ~~';j:i®.j <~I) 3:; tl: fv ""<:' G teo
!WJ'f*~t±:J7 JL-:J' 1J .A'b(C:=J' -1 -77-=:,t71,f:ii@JJ.iMJ L. ~ ""<:', J: I)~ ( O)f_l

MOJ!Wl'i*~~a:;~a;~~~T-c:~ti:J-c:~.QJ:-3~~?kOJ"l'9o~~, <:OJJ:
-3 tJ: iffii {~ 3;'2. ~ 'C:: ~ \,\ T :t ? ~ :t f iJ Ff.l ~ tL T \,\ .Q =.::J. - 7 )[, .:f:. 'Y f-. '7 - '/ ';j:
r CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) J -r: 91J\ CNN '<::-::> t, \ T (;t Section41 c·
mm G a:;9o

CNN '5:!fl~\fd~#:~tf:jO)~Jo ,ii [; !<: 3; fc:f.J\~A.~'\bil'(-J[.,O)~cdi: ~ \~_,\~tJ: c, ~~#:~±

1im tJ:? -r ~, ~~'15- !c: :t~t:l:l9 i> <::: c tJ'c-i!, ~O)ttfi§0)!§52" tJ'btJ'~
~ !ll!. : Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks

158
 ~m1*~t±J --c'd:imi1~r:j:lO)~mwz:· c. 0) 7-"'JL-:a:::ttt;Jw [_, --c l, \ *9tJ\ :r·--r-77 -
= "/ ?"'<:: J:: -8 @j{~9!1I! c f~Jzj!O) ElM§ ~9/13:!? )[., :::r 1
) /('b.~ *'El<Hi3-btl: .Q L. t

C\ @i{~pg O):f~~O)~m1*rPJ±1J' t: 0) J: -31d::if:55f.';: ~ .Q D'~~)tBJ:39 .Q )C~ ~ Elli.J

~~l"~*9o+h~~~~~3~~~l"9o L.O)J::-3~~1*rPJ±O)~~tt~
::::] "/ (::' ~ - ?71J'~ig~~l" ~ .Q J:: -3 ';: tJ:-8 t ' 11B5J'!]A..O));tlf.l1J':!i§Bi'Jkl (<:: f.&:lffl9 .Q
PJIJ§'i':tf.J'~ IJ *9 tht2 ~t'<::~,
0 )J: § ~*6)--c l,\.Q? )[., ::::]" 1) :;('b,O)-~C'9 0 5
7'
-(
I
/
7
I

Fi£ucc 5 . A sck:cllon of n':llu:ttlon re.<;ult.~. grou()rd hy hllnl:Hl r.ttin,~: .

Li:?tJt.l'S, ~ : Fa,J&~Itd;l_,, m: :!.-'iJO)Fa~J:!i\~1 , Jit : I}IJJI1!!J;l;ilf,-Q , ;Jft: ~<it?, 1::\,l?~ll.'!:'o Fo,

Ji:-:> T~,-Q~U'f, ~~1;/JI, @jj~O)j<:: ;l; ;/J't&: E[l~t,f~J}.Jjj(-Q L. t \;l;CI!i-Qfjjl~ -z'zT \,1-Q t ~1;Z-Q

lf:l$., . Show and Tell: A Neural Image Caption Gener ator (https:jjarxiv.org/pdf / 141 1.4555.pdf)

i!!M~~~t;t, 1J .Q~1*t:~~(})J~9- / ~tUtt:ii~Hi ~ tt .Q;: t

7' 7-
.:;;-' 1 -
. ~9 f.: at>
=: .- ?' tJ~·rrruf~~~ t: ~~-'(})tel:, '~ 9 - ::.-- ~ El JJrr

r~'f* tJ~·fiii ~ (}) ;'}\ J t.: tt -r- ~ <, r-r :n 6 tJ~·iiiJ ~ ~ -r 1.' .Q (}) tJ' J
~ ~~~~9 .Q;: t ~ iijfm

159
 7-'*f-77-=/?'c
36 f3~~~8~!!
IS ~ ~~~!!<:: C;t. , A. fi'ilH~19! "? 1'."1- 1 -Q~~( B*mi'\!>~m~ c.· ) !- :::J / 1::' ~ - 9 1:
~J!a~ ~ ~<::~~o ~~~ ~ , ~a ••~m~~ft~~~~~~~~-r , ~ ~ - ~
7 - = ;..- ''f <:: e~~mm!!!-*1lh 1it.>~t.:9 A? <::~m-91H: "?I-'1'."~~ t.., *~ o

eJ r& g!U!!J.I c ,~, A.t.J'iff~~? -r t, \~ §~g ( El ;t~~ 9HB td: c) (J)'T:t- A

t-- ~ :::J :; t: ~ - 5' - (<=M~~it~ c.<:: <::9 o :::J:; t: ~ - 5' - (J)t!:t:Wc::§~c \,\
xj;f.A_ I (J)/D-77 ~ /-:1'§~~ 1:39 L. (:: i:Jt~t,\fcJh, di);'t T r13~J ~t-Ht
~

l"\,\*9o A is'J(])§~g;!JJJ,~ - JiR(;:: rrm< J r~i59J r~ t J rm:<J 0)4-::>(<::7.1'

~~~ n 21:: 9 i:J\ 13 1.~ § ~Ml.~H~.Z. O) "3 "5 r~t J ri!t <J ~tfl. "3 -b (]) c '*5 ;=t -r J:
\,\ C' I_., J: ? o - }J, rPil <J r ~i5 9 J C:: '~ :g:-)55;&:Jt~~ :j:.& -5 !B' ~ t.J'~ ~ t.:: elf), §l ~
§~M~c::~~<=g:.flSM~(J)~~c l_., -rmbn~~~:t~<~~*9·~._.,~~._.,,
~~'<:l;t riifl t, \-rif< (~Fi~~)J r a,'tJv<::~i59 (.g)55.g-JJX;)J ~c , 13~§~

)'./1~(::-gps9fl,~O)jjlij}J(L. *fdf? t.:: 5' A? ~m? L. (:: i:J'~ \, \fc/1), c L. "*C::~

El~§~~~O)i'Bim c9 ~i:J' I~il5 \, \ "* \,\C::9.

~ 5'(.>? -r' :fbtc.!5tP~H9:'?1J flll. IJ 9 .Q 15~8~,

:::1 ;..-~~ - ·n: ml!zst!.QO)n~· fl3 m~9l1WJ "'C'9

tiU~~~ ~tmlll&R

'li\';±;~'3~ ~ro~H:i~
!$~g))'~ f~)(filit~!T
3(:~:7.)-~ §id.J~¥-J

m~m* ~~Wf;j;JT tf!i~Hlllli ~:g#f:}'E

160
 8Mim~~~~.mm~~M~~-~~~~~~~~-~~fi5W~~~
<<J5f?*9o
ffiO)%ifa~ I~HFf e: ~i, 1.J'AJc/v (;: l \X. ~;f&b§PJ7J'm--c9 o x~~ ff~~~ (~ot

~f-¥-:)~!j'-*1.\L) O).MzlJ I<:)J'm l"" -r0)%ifa~O)&b§WJ: C. ~!f1JJ31J9 ~~~~:tlil

u *9 o ~~c::. B:zt>:~t->9=l~~tJ: c. --c~i-*~C: 112.~0)r13~~c::.:z~- ;;z;/J~tJ:l \fc&'),

%~~-~~#m~•~C'9o *k, ~~~ft*~h~~5~. 112-~C:-*mO)
~~~~ - .:z~<!5~im0)•~~. m•*~~e:~~9~c. , ~-~-~~~
=T
1
f!~ff \, \* 9 0 I
/
®O)•mO) ~~*m~O)~•t~ . * ~~~•O)MzlfcuT*m9~~e:C' '7

9o ~ O)~{~O)]tzl}O) ~C: ::a:~JHrJHJ! C: l \\,\ *9 o ::J / 1:::· .::t --$' -~;t-rO) * * I

C'~i112.mFDJ± O)~'*O)Jli~ ~!fiJitlf-z>~ 9\ C. O)!j!~g~ 1DJ G~~Ji 5 ~ 0) C: L., T

t&l\ *9; -r ~ --c, ~'*O)Jli\,\-*mli~f~O)Mzlf~f~T\,\~ ~ 5 tJ:~{~O)Mzlf
~fi=l?*9o * tc, 7J'~~m~~V,J5 1 ~~9~C:. !i!mO)~'*~~u~sl~
~~ h~ ~ C: 1.J' b1J'-:; Tl\*9 o ~d-3. -*§B0)7J''if)(~!~~ "F~9 ~/J )~ O)~f!Ji
::a: Word2Vec C: \,\\,\*9o

~ t:_ ill ~n: ~~~ 1\. fr-:J tc. 0

:8~ l!JJ~ tiW!~ :g~ijj :8~ WJ~ It!~ l!JJIJJ~ijj g~%

:$]'~~1~~<7)~~

0.339 0.449 0.376 0.103 0.509 0.467 -0.047 0.415 0.927

-0.518 -0.681 -0.768 -0.553 -0.084 -0.794 -1.090 -0.940 -0.557

-0.038 0.659 0.040 0.293 -0.372 -0.075 -0.045 0.593 -0.029

161
 §?,~~ 88:9i}Ej~;: -:J \,\ TO)~~~D~il~t 6-::> te t. L. 6 c\ 7 -1-77 - =>7
~ fljffl l.; te 13 ?!.'\ ~ 88:9£1J1I10) Jy "A? t.f il'fv te fv !<:Iii~ l.; T \,\ ~ 3:: l.; J: ? o
3::9~<!:, WMB;R~9 o :fJJlmO);j~1Mii£~m~<t, CD$~~ t ~.:~m 9 ~®Bm9G
O)X$1<=tiE-::> T~fl:'''-~ X.~ t. t,' ?~F:m1<:-*~tJ::9£1J1Ilt.f fr-:> T t,' 3:: L.; teo :t ~ 6
1v z::. 0) J: -s tJ: :9lki1I1 ~ l<t -s a:: <~,, ty<f, ::r'- ~y -a: m~,' tdff~tB".l~:ffltiTI m~<= tJJ IJ ~
b~ z::.t.~~IJ3::9o-*88~tO)ITim~ x$0)~ ~DX.~O) m~ -a:~~, ~~

O)~mX0)7-Jy~ - "A~~~~tt, 7~-X~t.~~~~tt~z::.t.~, J:IJ

El~~JI1itUJ:Wm-a: Elt~ L.; * L.; teo<::.?~,,-::> td1Ent.f~T, iiili~<t7 -1 - 77-
= :.--71ffiJFF.lL.; te~:fflttTimtJ~~*t tJ: IJ, ~1=m1c: E3 ?;YJ: Y:~t.ft±:l 7J~~ ~ J: -s
1<:~-::> Tl'*9 o 7-1-77- = :.--?·t.f:fflt,\td~IHJJ\\Jm~O)XJ~.f;:l:, f&X.~~g~
~tJ{JJ '~ <tJ:~ <::. t. ~9 o 7 -1-77-= :.--7~<t~Jn::~l=m-lc:~rs~tJ{iJ'il'~te
t!J, !J?.~B"JtJ:&!jFs~F*'l~~~~~7 ~ tt ~I<: ~<t88~~1fltU~R9 ~!B,~h{i?S ~ 0)~
9o
~~, x•~~~9oY:fi~~~, *-~~~~t.W~x•~~~*~sn
3::9oM~~1-:JO)X5t.f, -~~-~O)~~t.f~T~~~;a;~~9~ :t0)~

9 o *Je, ~m'9X0)1-'f= IJ 1JI<= ~<t:tffit±:ll'fl-=F$ t. ~~8kJ-=Fi!fJ{i?SIJ *9 o M:tf~<tA.

~~nkx~s~~t.mbn~am-a:t.-::>T<~=F$~, •~~A.~~nkx

~~0) $88~7~-Xt.f~~9~=F$~9o7-1 - 77- =:.-- 71f~-::>k~~

~~Jy:J...?~~fflB"J~'tO)O)--:J~ = 2-"AO)~t±:lL.;~d~9o z::.n~, ~d

['Jk).=f;!t.f~-::> te$-Y:~~~Jy -1/0)'t O)~i?S ~ t. \,\;{_~ ""t' l_., J: ?o = 2- A

O)~ t±:JL,t.*Y:O)~~~btt~-1:.--Jy -~~~~ ~s~•L.;~9<, ~<0)

7-lyfJ{•*~ <::. t.il'S, ~f§ffltJ:&f~N~ <frt>n Tl-'*9 o Y:~~~O)~

Jmt.L, T, ~:ffltWmJ: IJ :t~l'A.JJ7-lytJ{!B,~""t'i?S ~ C::: t.®Y:~~~O)Jl
m1c: l<tmt9~B"JtJ:~~tNJ: <~i¥1iffitJ{Ji l_., ~,, z::. t tJ,. ctJ'~~fsn*9 0

162
 : ~iS.*JlL', ~ f± ~O)JI.lfJ'Jm.Jill2'tlt:::o
.:.::. "3IA--:J ! ?-?cT..f'
_.,.,_=:r?Q)"),t:. '~~ '"
X lhol"'l<OG.Iei-MoiN .•t ~ "'"i'!"'!Ub~
~ • •r •"l"~tq'~•!l f~'v.rtd~
~llli2'tlt:::O) I ;I:, A~Bml:tt<t;~t±~ ·C.
f 1, =i;()t ... t;t.T.~( (tl t. L. J! I,., Kt.JI.t;.loii'\O<:II t lt hl~i'.J ! ·.t~
V ~ 1: J: ~ t C 1;1:, ~ t±O) CJ ·;~ 1J -L'IIHii '€:
:lilt t 7 t l., t::: ~ L' fit. t::: tl l: L' ~ ·· ....

5
:r
1
I
/
7
Google=m I

< . l)h.fJ. C' =

~~-t--~t:::'-11-
Amazon Echo

7'-r - /7-=:::.--?''1S:{f-::> t.:§~~~9L\I!O)~< I<J:, j!}m~

= ~ - 7 JL-::?. ·y "'J -'7 (RNN) (:OiJLI;i'tl..:@"E7W~:f*lflG
Tl-1it9o RNNI ~-:Jl, I TicJ:, Sect i on42-z'·f!fl~Git9o

••
163
 3 -:> 13 tJ\ X:t ii!i ~ A. 7- b. l' 9 o Apple (J) Siri t-' Google 7 ~ A -7 / 1--- ,

Microsoft 0) r IJ AAJ.J (J) ct -:d<:x<t~i5~ 11'-5 ~A 7- b. ~t~ L., * 9 o xt~ ~A 7- b.

(J) ~ 5/:. li l!l ( , 1960 if. tU: li ELIZA t J:: 11 h ~ 7 1' 'Y 1--- it{ 'Y 1--- ;/J{ 1m~ ¢' h T
\,\ *9 o ELIZA ';t:~ - +f-;/J{}\_jJ l_, tc:>z:lt:!it*9 ~ tc61) , il5tc:tl''b~~~ l_, T
~_,' ~ J:: -5 lt: _W,X. * L., tc: tJ\ 7c (J) L., <d:7- 1;:1:7\"? b. ~ L., 't:=§tJ<~x_ td~@!: (J) 'b (J) ·t:\
il5 s tl' G ~t "J 1--- ¢ n -r ~.,'~~~.,\ @I u ~~u, :r: c.. I<:: A.tJ u tc:>z: ~ t!.~J6fu -r·
\,\~fc~t l' l_, teo !W.ttl'li-T 1-7 7-=/7~f92:? T , :?ch *l.'(J)~~(J)}N

~~:t t I<:: ~!X.(J)~~i5~1±ltJ-r: ~ ~ ct? l<::trJ.-:;, T\,'*9 0 ~m e: u -rl;:t:>z:~~~

t ~~~t X't~O)lE~It::~xta"JtrJ.~~ tJ{trJ.\, \fc: ~ lt:WP-flffi1J{jjt u ~_, ,, t 1.,' -5 A\1Jt~~

~ S h~l'u~?o~~ , &ri ~~*¢h~·lli(J)X'j~~A~b.~ ~M~~ 2~

= ?-- ~ 3 ::_; ~11'? t.= tt -r:trJ. <, ~r"~ It: :Xi u -rJ.~11JtrJ.@l*:t :f'J\,' * 9 o c.. (J) J::
-5~ , ~~ ~ Xjl_,""(@]*~fi5~fi~~~Jit*C~~h*9o

·-~' ~~~- ~ctU§ ~8~ ~-IJ ~ ~*9o~~~O)·lli(J)X'j~~

A~b.~. ~~ A!---(J)~~~m~~ct~ A.h'b~~ M~*9ol±lh:tm~t ~

~A ~--. (J)~~ -r:ff5•~~~<. m~O)M~tT-~.::zi---O)M~~m•~~~~

~~ t \,\X.* 9 0 201 0 if-;/]' s 2012if. It: tl' ttl' T 1 -7 7 - = / 1f It: J:: ? T
~~••0) •~ ~~*~%~~ 9~ c..t~b~IJ, :r:n;J;;<:(J)~~••(J) ­
$(J)M~~ 5" 1 - 7= ~ -7 J ~ :7. 'Y 1--- '7 - ? (DNN) fJ{j:_E! 5 L.. t fj{~mt lt: ~ IJ
*ut.::o ¢'Sit:, 9 «- T(J)M~~ DNN l<::ct-:;, T~~ ~ 1'J5 (end-to-end) "'E-T
J~ :tm~ 2h~J:: 5 I<:~ IJ *ut.::o ~~~·t~~~IJJGO) "'E 7J ~IC:Ii~Jitt~
~~k~ , m~~JJJG (J)71-77 - = /7(J)~A.:t~GJ::5~;mn-r:•~sn

T ~.,, *9 o ¥-¥,<:::, Google (J)~~ilJJJGt<:: 'b~A ¢' h T ~_,,~ WaveNet 'i ~ f!,\trJ.m
-~~IJJG9~L..c~S. ••~'b-:;,T~~AhSh*uko

~ ~M~~M~~ft~~tt~t~T-~e~M~-~~~mwA~

7'-r -7'7- =./~i~~J... r~MsliMl.l~ftJJHtj;:!Jit:!PJJ:

~ t.:

164
 6!i!

7-<--:15-=/?'(])IHI~~Ifi·~JI~-:>l.'L'
t>1J'? 1tt: \:-3 ~' l, '~l, ,~~(])-:/0 12:At: :J
7tt~l~'?l.'L'MIHJ L'l.'i!~'J" o t:lctl.t;t.•
ft~~~~lf:llctBIJ\I!NI~ii~. ~ili~iJIJ~t:'=tJ

lfll,,ttlfZJJl~M~t:~?L'l.,~"J"(])~.

~l~§~iMIJ L'Ch"L <r.:t!l.'o

••x
 ~~~i~tl)!(~~~
37 =.J.-7Jil*~ i''7-?(f)~~
~~~i~:II~:.Ht. iE~T'- 5l c *j!g(]):±:::t.J ~ !tf5ll""" m~~ J\1' 7 .A ~itJiE9 .Q.:.
c -r-·9 o .::: .::1.-7 '"* ·;~ 1- '7-? (])~~t:st.' -r~~~ t: J: <12bn .Q-'f.~if.t(])T".
[.,? 1J> ~) c :1111 ~ *- -r s ~ *[., J; ? 0

[0: .:1-7 Jl,.:?.. ':1 "'7-?tP~7'-9tJ~'in-:> rm~mmJ I

-~~ffiM$~~M~~~~*~· &M(])M~~~~~ffiM~~M~~0~
f.J{~f)*9o =. .:I. - 7J[...~·y I--'7-?.::C"TJ[...I<:.A:t.J6tLtc7- 5' 1cl:, /-I"C:
~l<f n~~~(]))jt&: o ~1ii?J.&J~~. :g../-~ I<=~:<E 6 ntcJ\7 ::~- -7 <mcli
>t->J'i.-17 7..) It:~ fJ 6 * 2' *tJ:~~ · ~~t.J{fJ: 6tL, i&~I~H<=t±lfl 6h*~ o
C:.. (]), .A::IJ D' G tf:jfl/'\.'~~t.J~{:ii-3 mttL~ . ll!fi{:ii11 C: ~,3\(])~9 o .=:. .:1. - 7 )[...~ •y
f. '7 -? "E"T )[... c·.:P)~~>j->?:J'~~f'J-3 '<: lcl:, C:.. (])JI[fi{ji1j~fljffll.; *~ o
G D' G.=:. .:1. - 7 )[...~ 'Y 1-- '7 -? "E"T J[...lcl:, {')=pt G t;:~ ,~ ~lcl: ./- ~ (])~clit.J'
~kG~~m:<E6tL~~f). t±l::IJ~~-~~~f)*tt~o~~~~-0)~-~
~ 7 J[... :::J 1J ;;(b,(::~~~C:::, .=:. .:1. - 7 ) [...~ 'Y f. '7-? 1<:~ \,\~ ~~~7-5' 1<:~

~ ~~ ~ 11' -3 £~~t.J{ ~ f) * ~ o ~ (])f\:~a-t.l=¥- 5* (]) 1 -:;; t.J\ ~(])Section ~Ij)( f)

...tJf~~~~~1ii115*~~ 0

=j'-9"1f:J...1J
C.O)~"{flj\~ <9 .Qif!f¥~
t r~~J cll!Ji,s'·
-'ftt -f'tlO)J!Oij.H~~{I:; Gt.i:ltttlcft.i: s f,j:l, I

166
 6~~i2Hifii~ (I\ ·;.t 7 /CII~T- ~ 3 /) lct:-t-O);g O)J.m f), =~ - 7 J[.,.f. 'Y
~ ?-70)~~~~*~-~~0)~(~~)~-3(~)0)/- ~ ~ffi·~~~

-5 l<::~lf~fj'L\, -t-O)Jl#~~~~ .Q-¥;!~9 o

tc. ~ ;ut""f~O)~ -5 I<::, (n+1HlH3 O)~~~~~f:Z3:MI<:: ~ fJ ~tlf~ntd@t.J~s~

~.Q~~*9o ~~~ , ~*~S~Jf~T ~O) /-~~n ~~ ~~~,o ~~

.Q ~ :bf.J' :dc.~-8-, -i-0) / -~I<:: ;!;) tt .Q ~~ (jiijFJi~~) lcl: 10-8=2 ~ tJ: f)* 9 o
~<:~.%]pJT~~~~Jj\~ < 9-Qfc_i\1)1<::, ~S!L:1-::>fiJO)/!O)t~~~/j\~< ~*9o
WJ~~I<::T, ~ .Q n:i'El 0)~1<:;1;) lt.Q 3 -::>0) / - ~f.J{!!)(.Q~~f@~ 4,4,2 ~~ .Q
T
~::1§- X.. it: u .~;-5o <= O)t~-8-, J!IW1:Z3:MI<:~ -::> T~tlf~ htd@:lct:3 ,3,2 ~~ .Q tc.61.>, 1'
I
~h-t"hO) / - ~ ~O).%JpJT~~~~ct: 1,1,0 ~ tJ; f) it:9 o ~XI<:, 9~-r 0) /- ~I<: 7
7
;Btt.Q.%Ji'JT~~~~mL'-r, ~:t.J ~ ~*7- ~0)~~ 0)fD~~.Qm~r,u~~-~ I
-
l_;, -i-O)f@t.J~Jj,~ <tJ;~ ~ -5 I<::~/ - ~ O)JlJf~~~~ .Q <: ~ <:', ~f)~ L\ /
'/'
(/)
=~ -"5J[.,.f.•y ~? - ? .:C~J [., ~'¥'-~t.J{~/v""{' L\~it:9 o fJ;;B, f~~~~~Jj\
7
~ <9 .Q~ ?i'J:mJJ.~gf-lf~ .Q1J$1ct:, Section38 I<::;BL\T*Bfru *~ o 0
t
:A
~~~ffimli~
C:
:::J
(n-1 )!IH3(7)~ (n+1lm§(l)Jri! 7
J')Z
llftmll!:.t IJ~•~ ttt:im /illj

~ ~ - =1 iE31J'S~~lJ"t"
0::(7)./ - ~(;::
*I>I)Stt"t"~'~i@:

·-----e/./ - =1 - =2
10

·-----

A tJ "/J' €> :±: tJ ~ t '!; f& f.1l'fi h ? t' L' <mUt f.1l'ffll fi~l, ~ "/J' q)
Ia'? t't~~~'J'~ < VtL' <(})f.)l'i!ll§~fim~~

167
 =3.-?)L,*')I "'J-?0)
38 Bili~
---~~\'!' = .3. c:
- 7 }v* ·;; "'7-? (])~7 }v.~~~ ~ 1:t ~ .:. ~ r:~tlm11::9 ~ J <t c:
lllfV'~ 9 o !f*rr-H: 11 Section33(]):J'&~11::C: ~ l5 ·ll~t~-r·9f.l)'", .:. .:. "t'I1=E7 Jv(])ftJM
1tt:~.~ ~ ~ -r-r~I!Jl (.., ~ 9 0

~7'JtA7)tiim1tc la:m~~~(])fi!J\ft
iiJm1t:tira;, ~ E! tr-J~~:a=w* C* tdJ:fiJJ') tc::: 9 ~m CwJOO~~) :a=:>J<:61J ~c. C:J
c·t) ~ c \,\ '5 C. c tJ:, Section33l'~Bjj l_, a.: G tc.o l ' tJ: =E 7' } [., 0)~~ tt:: t3 \,\ T
wi001t: ~ n~ 13 ~ml~ c tJ:foJfJO)c G J: '5 fJ'o 9ctt::<t33M1E'fJ't, Vh a.:-tt fv
fJ\ =E 'T J [., O)~J001t:t<:<t3 tt-@ § I¥J~~tJ:, Section37 -r-fWm G tc. r~~~~1lili5!J
C'~~C'E'-@ r~*=~~J lt::t5t.:. t) *9 m*:~~O){~tJ:, =E'T)[.,O)tf:l)JtJ~lE
0

*t<=xtGT cntc tt9n T\,\-@fJ'{£~91~-c-t) t), =2

-7 )[.,* •y t-- '7-? 0)
~./- ~ t<:<tQ tt ~!lic1i~ J.\ -1? ::ZfJ' S ~~C'E' a.: 9 o -:J a.: t) =E7' J[.,O)~J00'1t;IJ:,

~~00~0){~1J~Ij\~ <tJ~ J: '5 tJ = 2- 7 )[.,* •y t-- '7-? O)mJ;.{t~ l_, tl:J9 C:

c{tm90)C'9o

.. I
\ ti~M~(])fl!t.Jf
'b?ctJ!JI~L'
li:O'i. · 1'11'7A'i!'
~-::>It .Q (])1.Jf~i~W:

168
 ~~ {f:; I<: lcl:, Xt~ C: t.,;:.@ rp,M I<: -c5 b i± T ~a;:~ a;: t.,;: ~$:1J'f¥1± L-a;: 9 o
Section33 -zom~ L- tc)S1~ak.J7 Jlt :J. ') 7: b. lcl:, ~I<: .t L'mc1;-~bi±~~9 .t -5
tJ:rp,HH (;mc1;.-8-bi±Jli~1l::) cfillg~~~ L-a;: 9 o <: <: ""Z'Icl:, 'E 'T Jl.t(7)~~1l::
-zom::tt:t? C: :t~IJFF.I ~tL -r L'.@~i!~I!!""F)!O)~:<$:®JI~~aF.I L- -r L' ~a:: 9 o
a;:~~~~k~1J:·~~-~~~a;:l.-~"5o ~.@ - ~O)·~~~?T , ~4

I<: f@::IJ'Jj' ~ <t.,;:.@ .t -5 t.,;:]~~~Bc 9 o B~ak.J I<: lcl: :t -50' l- *ffi:IJ'L ':1E~:IJ~~ 'J
a;: 9:1J\ -~t¥.H<:: <: (7) .t -5 t.,;:~~(7) Z: C: ~ 8~~ C: L' L' a;: 9 o tc tC. L- ~~~;: lcl:,
6
~•(7)m~~-r•~•~*~S h.@~~~ ~e:~~~'Ja::tt~om.@z:c~c
7'
-(
~.@(7)~, ~.@•~~h L-kc ~ (7)•~ ~~(7)~c, ~(7)•~~~.@00~~~
I
ili~ (1tJ ~ ) C'9o tcc~lt, 5.1~cJE ft l-:IJ'~~_t.,;:l,\ tl..J ~:!V:L'TL'T, ~L'.@ 7'
7
:ijj,pjf,t 'J{;r.!J:f.J\{~l,\~j'Jfl;:jlsl 'J t;:l, \ C l.- a::9o~(7),t "51J:~)J?,C'C'~.@ L C (;:!:, I

rJEft(7)~NC (1'1Ji:~) ~ ~ T~ 'J t&l<: t.,;: ? T L\.@:15~ l<::jlsl 'J T L' <J ;:: C: c L- ~
"5o 1yre!l1l~$C'Icl:a::~I<::IPJG~~1Jc, -~~-cL'-5 rtl..JJ (7)~NC~~.@
1J~I<:~'JT (~~) L\~a::9o ~~~li~Tit~'J.@Z:c (~~) ~< 'Jl/&l_; ,
~fte:IJ':Ifi 5 l<::t.,;:? tc C: ~, -t-(7):t~M:t.J':m.~~~(7)fi,N@:C'~ ~ C:~ ~ , JW~•
~· C: 9 ~ (7)-z"9 o t.,;:~~NC:IJ':Ifi 5 l<::t.,;: 'J, -t-hl;Z...t.O)~~{I::::IJ'~ 7 L- tc;:: C:
1;:1: rl&5R L- tc1 c ~ffl. L-a:: 9 o

169
 19~1!1ff~~fiJJf.l9 .Q <: c ~' ::i.:-I*B"Jfci:~~O)%t.J{pt.J' s t.,i: \, \~)5L-r"=t ~J.OO
M~*~Sh~3~~.Qcb ~~* ~ko ~~~. ~k ~ T~~-~~~- 9
«T0)~55L-r"&:'9~JIM~~-:JttSh~O)~~ J: 3t.l'o tcc~tt~~O)~ 3 t:J.
~-~~~* ~ J:3o~~~O)~ft c~A t:J. ~ , W ~~8~~0)-Mt:J.~ft-r-
9o <:0)~3~WftO)W~8~~.Q~~O)<:c~. ~~~O)~~·~~~T,

~F81Vlric "'' "' ' *9 o ~F.c:J~~-r-iJ:Clf~B&cAtci: iJ, &:,9 ~ =t19!l2·~~~~

JIM~k~~~~.Qc~~~*tt~o t:J. ~t:J.S. ~m~~O)~~(M)~S~
Jf~ ';3:: G~~t.J'it:~? Ttc.C. ~~< t~pfit.J{.fci:~t.J'S ~9 o tc. c ~'t~~ 0)

{lz:mif.l'S~tJf~~ ~tc. t~-§1,

El O) MO) :J:.&~~h't~~N~'<::¥1JJ.Iu *91.l\ 0)
11l~t.l'S~t~~~!51).Q c'FMO):J:.&tc lt~~?T ~ * l-\, 3J<:!51) Sh.QM IJ:~ <*
~~0)8t<::c!Stt .Q~;N~c tci: ~ *9 o <: 0)~ 3 t<::, ~)®{I:: I<:~ ~:J(~tdifO)>:p

~- 9«TO)M0)9=J1.J'S::$:~!:H<:: =t? c =t ~ "''~ffO) <: c ~;k~li" imW.IC ~ U, &.

~~<::~ .QiBIH!O)~ tC:: tt~ =t-:-; c =t ~ l-\MO) <: c ~ Ji5mill8!W c \, '"'' * 9 o tc.tC::
~ . ~*JT0)1iJf:9t~iJ: r-7-1 - 77-.= ::.;?·tcc!Si,\T(cl:, ~~~ ~ i,\.fflj.ffi~J~M i<:

!&:5R ~ T=t ~ \,\1i~gt.J{~Sh.QJ c =t ~b tL Tc!S ~. t'E*O)tl~~~O)',ljl;~t.J~

~Jtl ~t.,i:\,\~=t~ ~ * 9 0

170
 ~Jj{t;'c::: E t., \ T~il!9"' ~ rp,mHc:::i;J:, I\5Jp.fi~JrjMi<:.1.JDX. T, JUZ5R(1);i ~ c ¥
~-(1)~~~~0*9o~:5RID -~c~~ID**~·-~' ~@ID-~~~:5R
9~~~M~*9o-~ID~-·~-~~m~9~cr··~E0~-~ID*
~~J ~9o -?P:f.J'!J,~9~~ct.,\"J*"Cf.::?T't~:5R-tt9, -~f.J'*~9~
T~~JrjM~DO~ ~ T~*5k~, ·-~~~9~~~~~0*9 o ~hS
IDrP,im~M);Ji:9 ~ t.::~ \<:, ~ h* -c~ * <! *tJ:~JI1t;:r J[.,:::f 1) A.b.. (Opt imizer)
n"'lffl~~n -r \,\*9 o 6
t! ~~·~tc:i: ~U~Ht:r Jv ::::I' IJ ;<:b :r·
1'
-?--:::>OJ"¥" ~7' -5' L'f~ Sh~~fl.~~~OJifE:t:J~i*WJ>!<::~tJ:-0;: C: I
/
~D i~ ffl L, 7' - 5'0Jm.iAh8 ~~~S5~¥b~~~-~$~ 7
(Wi~a"J~~-~$) iOOffl, Fc.l?JT~iOOM!<=JN:!R9 .OMf~~~~'f~. m~~~i'Cl~~ ~<::!J ~ I
~'• iHc"¥'~~OJ~5EtJ~~L <, l&:5Rt.J~li!~'•

SGD !<::~tiOJ~Z;~1J03l t;:: J'll.- :f 1) A. b.. 1ggc~ ~ 'J T L'i> 11rP:l

Momentum SGD
';:: r~~\J z¥-1'-:::>J:·:"<::tJ:'J, JNW:;I)<!f<to:~.

~~L'~~Lf;::1g~O).g-~L'H5 :J. -5' 2 c ';:~~~~1tfl:;c!tl:,

d\~j#(<::~~ Lf;:: W\5 :J.-7!J~'lll/~i'J'~ C c lvclv9Gi~
Ada grad
~Lf;::W\5:J. - 5'';t~~~~;;l\:~ < 9~. <:OJ<: c'<::d:: 'J , XI.J'f
B"l'<::~~9~.

RMSprop
~~cOJ.g-m-im!!&~li.J1JZ~ -rm-~9 ~ <: e: -r , J: 'J ~)[[0)~~~ 1:11:
:fJ'I.L tc. Adagrad OJ &&It&.

RMSprop C: Momentum SGDi;1i§.ci'f"i3-biH;::J: ?tJ:7 11.-::::f 'J "XL..

Adam
J&:!Rt.J{ c T '5Ef. <, mi'±t>? C: '5;f1Jffl <!h T ~ '~ C: ~ ' ? T J: L'•

~~~(1)•~reu~~M~(1)~+re

r*~Ui~Wl(1) 1f#~ "9 ~ J rl1Sl'SR(1).!f!. ~ J ~ 13 ~ t (., t;;, ~ * .g

* t..:e~ft7 JJ,:f 'J ~-b.b~·"NJ {,

171
 =.:1-7 J[,-* ·;; i' '7 -7 ~~m'9 .QI!~H;: 11~£19!fidl5~~ Jfl'-' *9ti·, -t'O)II~H:::5:t

~9~~~~~~~~9T9o ~O)~m~m*9.Q ~~- ~*~*~•~~-hh

ll.'*9o

G 1Y~cO)izHI
Sect ion37-38 I: lcl:, .::. .:1. -7 )[;::f. "J r- '7 -? ~~®11::9 ~ tc.IY.J(J)1J51i.~~U
* G tc.o ~';: Sect ion38 \: lcl:, I&JI11:;(J) tc. IY.J I<: lcl:~~~1J¥HH.~ tdll (~rJC) t/
~,~-z-®~c::c:t~l'ht;:Gtco .::. .:J..-7)l--.::f.'Y r-'7-?l'lcl:, C::(J)~!lctJ{tl:l:tJ
t~UtJ' E> A.nmH<: 1E:b? -r ~, \ ~ *9 0 ~~~c~:~ ~~J®9 ~ tc.lf I<:~J®9 ~/!0)~
~0)~-~~~*9o9~b~, I!~ ~J®9~c~h*l'~b-::>T~k~~ ~
~ O)~ftetJ~ttlt f:>h ""[\;\~ *9 0

j!(J)~JJ.(J)~JI1t l<:~bh~~~(J)-{ ;1..-:/c GTI;:I:, 137.J'(J)/I(J)~~~;: {=l

mu(J)~rJC~9"" -rttlti3-btttc :t (])~::15 x_~ c J: ~, \ ~: G J:: -s 0 9tc~:t:>~~~ x

;fif~UO)~~ X :t? c;fif~UO)~rJc X :t? c :t? ctlf~U(J) ~rJc x ······ c \;\ ?~t- -1

;1.. - :J I<: 1d: f) *9 o

-- ~~ r~~~­
AtJ : ~j ··· Ea~~= ~n

~
I X
~~
~~
X

X
1y~ ~fti!:)fjfl::
1y~ ~m~fl::
1y~ X 1ij~ X 1y~ X 1y~ ~~Jifl::

1y~ X · ·· X 1yl£ X
-
~~ X 1y~ X ~l!c ~m:~fl::

172
 ~WCiJ{J1Htflb ~n~ <: c iJ{, $Jl!i~Wi~r.,,im0)1*12SJC'9 o = .l-':7 Jl.-.::Jz 'Y f-.
'7 -? ri/!tJ{~~., '';:t; c~~lttJ:¥-if~~ ~ J rt t±ltt ~ tci1J, !!tf~ < tJ: tJ tJ{ts C'9 0

L-il'L-, ~~~< 9ni;:J:9~1;:t;c, .A:tJic::::)li\,\~ic::::J.:>it~~l'iCO)~t~r;t.J1Ht~

tJ{g, < tJ:? --c G a:;~_,,a:;9 ~~c0)1ilJ:c L- --c ,J,~tJ:1ill:tJ{®i\1_,\fct~&, -i-0)1®tJ'lli
0

ltflb~n~<: clc::::J::?T, .A:tJic::::)li\,\)!O)~!lcli:JF"ffi'lc::::'J'~

< tJ:0 3::9o ::J
/ 1:::' .:1. -5' il'~UJI.C'2' ~{(l[O)i'f3~i;i:. ~_N S n T \, '~ tci1J, ~WCtJ':Jf'ffi'(c::::'J ' ~ < tJ:
~ c ::J :Y 1:::' .:1. -5' J: C' li-E' o c G--c:t&bn~t~fltJ'iiS 0 a:; 9 o ~.,'? tc!v~!lctJ'
6
i:Z' D (C:: : tJ:? T l_; a:; -3 c, -i-hJ:: 0 .A1J1~,~ (C::::)li\, \f! \C: : J3 \,' T :t ~!letJ'-E' D [C: : tJ:?
-T'
-(
--ct_.,a:;\,\, ~~iJ'-3*<JiJ7-*i.t!vo <:O)J::-5[c::::, ,J,~fd:~!lefJ'lliltflb~n
I
T -~U~B'~_Hc::::-E' D lc::::tJ: ~Fp,fm~, ~WC5~9;:Fp,fmCQljltfa:;9 o tc C:: ;;{J;:C 53'1'i1t~ /
7
'1&0)---.JC'iiS ~ y~J""E-11'' ~'1&0)~7c~Wcrio.25 -c·~wc;~~tJ'~ c: 0 ?9 < I

tJ:? T L \a:; 9 o -i-0) fc./51), 53'ti{t~~1nc:::: [;i: y /y''t-1 ~ ~'i&C'i;i:.tJ: < )ffi;% ReLU
~'#9:tJ: c ~~-3 O)fJ\_=E)JiEC'9 (Section34*~1Vo

53111t~'I&J;,ZJI- C'5~~rP,~1!:~ <: tJ rc:: : < < 9 ~15$; C:: L- T (;t, 300-tll rc:: : (Xavier,
He O):'fJJ!!F.l1@1!:{:\e? T) md7-1itJJ,Jl1t1!: 9 ~ 15$;?, 7'- 5' 0) .A:tJ ~ J \ 'Y -T lE
f.lHt e:: IJlfl;~fn ~ 155nc·£J#!! L- --c J.:> < 155ntJ: c.· il'"Jb tJ * 9 0

- g(z)
0.8 g'(z) / 1ili£g'(z) ti
0.6 ~::k-z:·.:t o.2s C::,J,~L,
0.4
0.2 1
o_s _.... g(z)= 1+e-z
0 5

173
 40
~~Q)t/1U3t~i!RT· I;I:, !'";( 1 / • 7 -9 • 9~?:fJ~Jtf.!:9ii *I;I:~IJ qi~:-~ 7JI.-~
11=-::> T~B'~11' ? &,~:fJ~ 5.> ~) * L, f.:: o L, t.P L,fi3~~~ fJl I.' 9 t, if.> 9 .:C7 Jv~~
f.!:9 9 ~? ~~~~I;:MfiJfJ!T· ~ *9 o
G._fii3~~ C. I~
~1*171J c V C JFJT!i;U~~t&i;O) ~[,:w; c Twitter 0) '/' -1 - 1-- ~ -1 x - :J L T <tc
~ \,\ o X~~7NITLT~3Jm~:fftlt:l:l9 ~=f:-TJ i,~fF=~ c LT, ~2$c '/'-1' - 1-- C'
(iX-1* 1<:::;1;:: ~ t.,:~\, \;!]~&;, ~ c:::. c ~;15 X.~ c, Jmm'(i, '>' -1- 1-- 0) t:
~2~~ tdi

56 iJ'Ii:~11::: L tc=f:-T )I,~ J.liJ..(z (;::: 1-F ~£,~;1]~361') .."f ·?"<:'9 o L.. O)fi-8-, ~ .)( -1
'./ c 7 - 5 ;i){ r ~c$c '/' -1- 1-- J c \,\-3IR711<: ci;)\,\T ~t.,: I') , 5 A.?;!]{ r~Ji§.
O)tdJt:l:lJ (;:ci;)\,\TFii.l utc c biJ' I'J ~9 c \,\"3 c:::. c li,
o ~c~~7NIT9 ~J: 71<::
I<:~~ ~tttc=f:7Ji,~f7JWH~c L.,, '/-1'·- 1-- ~5:HIT9 ~J: -3~~~1'J-3 tc(tc\
'/-{ - 1-- 0)7j-:tfrl<:~11::; L tc=f:-T )1,{!:1-FP.X:-z: 2' t1At~/¥~C'9 o L.. 0) J: -31<::, ~
i¥=f:7 J i,0)~5'e~lFJT=f:7 )I, I<:~ L T~~9 ~ 1J5.1iiJ'ti~~~ C'9 o
~~~~tf-3 *< \,\(fit, +7i'I<:~~0) 5~A.Jc=f:7Ji,-a:~f1Jfflc·~ ~tc?sl)~
~ l<:iJ'iJ'~ Bey ri397'J{)}O),j,' L.,, *a~ c L T~~~7B'-J O)=f:7' Ji,•!i~H>rPJL9 ~ L.. t
I<: t.,: I')* 9 o r~c~iJ' 6 '/ -1 - f-- J 0) J: -3 1<::, ~ x -1 './ ~ ~;t. T~~~~~ 1'J-3
/J$ 1i, 1'';( 1/il.~ t=bO'fltn~9o

lii:J$~~
!¥11#)1~1 •nAgt~.~:~'
tn~~~O) tnf~]tO)

r
7-9 1::
7"(J~#~~·
711\JI,
t
fi\~~0)
'ET'Ji,
!¥11i~hl1)~~'>:
fii3~1Hi
711\JI,
t
tn'f~]tO)
'ET'Ji,
7 - 91::
7"(J~#~'t.i:~ \
ti l 1

t t - mltllttlili#J:~·

L fii~~O)
7'-'9
tn~JtO)
7'- '9
~~ l~t.l'tJ'Q~Illl

... fiiiJO; •J tsf;~ L.

174
 ~,;~~O)JJ)! (~mtmllit: 7 r1' /7-:1. -=/?~
· ~m~wl±l
~*ID•*~B~~- ~-~~5~B~~ffl~~-~~~~T. ~h~A~
T'- ~ t ~T l- \ 3:: ~ tc o ~ f.J' G ~ -1 - 7' 7- =:/ ?. c· ~;t, T'- ~ ( tc t X. ~tim]
1~IDim.i*) ~~ID**Ah~tctt~ • .LE~l-\ -j'>)~~*a~~~~~*9o L:ID~~.
7'' 1' - 7' = .:1. - 7 JL- .:f. 'Y 1-- '7 - ? IDi&i~IDJ!!\l~ (;t, 5:1'it~~<=~fflt.;:~Wm:IJ{{E

b -::J T l-\ ~ t :15' X. 5 h ~ tc ~, i&f~ ID /! ~ -lji'J IJ I1Y. -::J T, 1-t b 1J ~L: SVM fJ c 0)
~*ID·-~R~--~~~~T~ . ~*<~-~~*9o 6
7''
-{
. 77 -1':/7- ::J.-= ":/ ~'
I
@l{~~~.~~fj~ CNN ~L:;:!;)l,\T ~;t, i&*JJ IDJ!!\l~~J I 'Y ::Y'f.;: C'ID-m5ts~t.;:¥-JW: /
7
~t!:EX.. i&13tO)f!~t;t~ A?~<::: J: -::J T W,~ -::J td'ij.W:::>if:}.@X. T l- \~ L: t 1f~D 5h I

T l- \ *9 o tc t X. ~t)\ID~ID5:)'!#i'l t ~1EID~ID5:J'-m~ ~;t, i&fJJID~~ I 'Y ::J'~:j:.@

X., it!> l- \ t2 ®ffg~ (;t.Ej:-\-> if,_-\-> El t.;: c ID~f~!l:~ }.@X., i&f~O) !!~ ~J~~l*ID¥-f.W:

~:}JEX. T \,\~ t ~~H.1 T < t2 ~ l- \o L: 0) ~ "/:.5, ~fJJID:1JIDI!~:tJEX. 5 h~~W

tJ ~A?~<::: J: -::J T :£:b ~ L: t ~Jt.;: \,\ tc ~. -/Jf_~ '§' :>if: ~ T ~*X. ti'fE}/Jt~'§'9

~£~~~Jilt> IJ *ii fuo G ll' ~ . ~f~ID.fj~}JEX. 5h~~1~ti~ A? t<:: J: -::J T ~

b~tc~, ~'§'~ -\->IJ @9£,~tJ{il51J*9o L:IDJ:~ ~L:. ~'§')j'fdJ.O)'E-7'')[,~

{~\, \, ~i~ID:1JID !! t2 tt~ ~A? ~<:::15-bi±T ~'§' ~ @9 (f)¥X:~JID~9 ~) :1J)'E 1i.

7 7' -'f / 7 .:1. -= / ?' C l,\l,\*go

s::~x J
t;J]~)~__ _ _ !c:.~ ----,
tel
conv3
--[
'F~

l!'l ~
1E
softmax
fc2
: tel : conv2
11 tel

'"[
convl conv3
: conv3 J; '1!/<7)
: conv2 : G r.! conv2
' ' to: 1<1:
:___ _c_?_n_v_l___ ~ =j-'- '9 ~~ convl
1
=j-'- '9 =f'-'9

175
 ~~~~!;: l;t~Jm:t it!> f) a:; 9 o -f-O)- -::Jt.J'ft0)6n (negative transfer) -z;9 o
Jm'W;O)~~ J:: f) :ttt~~O) J:: \. \'E7'JLJ;rf'F~ l;t9t.J\ .&x-.tlc:tt~~O)~\, \'E7' JL- t.J'

~6hTG;3:;~~-~~mG;3:;9oti~~~ti~~O)~~?~-t-h~~~im~
T \. \fd: \.\ ~, ;: 0) J:: ~ fJ:*a~l;: fJ: ~ :t~Jri3-t.J'il5 ~ 0) -z;)i.~ G ;3:; G J: ~ o
~T, ~~~~~~~~-z;ti~~-~ff~~$~GT, ~?~3~0)CW-z;
l;j: ~ ~ ~ ~)jj-8-~il1f5k G ;3:; G tc.o J;(T -z;l;j:, ~ ~ ~ ~~-8-1;(7'}0)~~~~~~$
~*Bk G a:; 9 o ~~~~-0) :iE~WlJiM~£c· l;ttJ: \,\ tc. 61.>, <= n s 0)~5~1;t~~~~
O)~~~B~GT~~6n~~-8-~ ~ f);3:;9o

• I'~ 1 ~)fUii.J (domain confusion}

~~1~~~~~, Jm'W;~~9~~0)~~~, ~~Gk"T-~0)~~ ~ ~-b

~~ G *9 0 ? 7 ~ 'Y? ~It{ 'Y 7 ~ ~ \,\? ~fd: ~ :i i> ~ )[., ( = ~ ~ ~ ~) 0) BB

lc:x-J" G T, aBO)~·~ (@G\.\aBf.J', ~G\.\BBf.J'fci:~) ~~~9~'E7'JL- ~{'f~
~G;3:;9o ~~~~~~-z;~, 3~7'- ~~~~~GT, aB0)·-~0~~<
aBO):i;> ~ JL-~~~9 ~'ET'JL-~~f) ;3:;9 o ~'X..Ic:, ~·~t.J'JEG <~~ ~h, Y'i>
~ Jt.-O)tl:l~ ~bcf ~ra,JI~~'EYJt.-lc:tJ:~ J:: ~ lc:'ET'Jt.-O)~~~fr\,\;3:;9 o <::

0) J:: ~ IC:, :i i> ~ J[.,~ 5!B~ ~it~<::~ -z;'E"T Jl.-tJ'-t-0) :i 1> ~ J[., lc:~{t G T \.\ <
0)~ lltJ'/!-::J-::J, aBO)··~~ JE G <~~9 ~ J:. ~ lc: G T \. \~ O)-z;9 o

A.1Jx

176
· '?JL-7~A?~~
-c:z )[.,7--'J A IJ "F~ (;:t, ~~(1)5' A IJ (<: "J l\T!i-TI8ey(;:"F~~6-:J T l\~ a;:9 o
L.;fL(t::x;J- G T~}i';'O.:J~~"F~Ii-&:¥-Jfi::(J) 5' A IJ 1<:-"J l'T O.:l'E-7' J[.,~"F!§l~
it, -T (J)".f'~ (J)*a~1t 1:.7J' G T{lliO.:J-5 A IJ I<:J;E;ffl G T l \~a;: 9 o

·On e-shot~~
One-shot".f'~l;:t, r-~ij;fjl\T+~*D-QJ ~~1J5't:T9 o 5:l'~Fo,lm~$5;Z. T

J-f-Q C:, ffl.~t!tWI<::fF?±9 -Q 9 rz--r (J)5J'~Jil<: "J l \ --r+5J'fJ:. 5/'\.J[.,fg~ 7' - 5' 1t:
Jmi X. -Q L. C: (j:/f'PJ~~c·9 o -TI]) tc (/) , iJ5 -Q 5 /'\.)[.,I<: "J l' T (J)~il**-T- 5 f.J'-"J
(<!5 -Q l\li::\t'~) G f.J'fJ:. <T =t:iE G l\t±:l1J7J'c·~ -Q J:: -5 fJ."F§l7J 5!7J'{VfJE~h 7'
T l \ a;:g-o ~ €:>!<:::, ~/E(J) 5/'\.Jl>f.J'"J l \fd)ll**7'- 5' f.J' f.¥:1± G fJ.l \t~r&lt:: -TO.:l -(
I
5 /'\.)[., 1t: t±:l1J T ~ -Q J:: -5 fJ., Zero-shot ".f'§l C: !Jl¥kftL -Q 7J5't:=t m~ ~ tL T l \a;: /
7
9o I

J_l: - 9 A 7 1 (f)tf:l:tJ

»- 9 A72 (f)tl:i:tJ

B __. 9A730)tl:i:tJ

~ ~{I ". ;c 1:,.; t: t~il:: ~ -n,' {I 1: 7 'JL- ~~it~ tt -c, ~rJO) F ;c 1

~ :,.; t:~-tl:: ~ t.: -t7'JL-~f'F{I ~ t trr ~ Q

177
 ~~-7~ -= Y7~~~<~~- 9~~~~T~k~. ~mm~~-9~~~~
~(1}nf];!t't.C":~I*T (""f~)o lt:IJ'lt, @I}..:IJ<~~ - ::17-=Y7~f:f?J!fjH<::\;l:,­
:IJ'S~~~fJ?~tJ'J.li~lr.J""t"~~~~.g.tJ'~ '?*To tcLU:f. @i~~~m~~-9~ "J
~~ Vr1[::gid; lmageNet li 1.4007J:t51:~lm3t~ 256x256 t:"? ~ JL.-~@ii~n:fflii!X~tt.
1 00GBl;J....t~~-1J'~ '?*To ii~LAtJ' ~ ~ -7~-=Y7~fi'? ~ ~ 1<::\;1:, ~-9~
~Bl;J.ft~. ~~ ~ ~~~~?~~--~- 9~~~~7?YD-~T~~~~~~
J.li~lr.J""t"li~ 1J *ttA..o ~~tc~. 1[::g~ ~-9 ~ "J ~~~~)1fJ;.~~JL.-1J'T""t"l<::1
Y 9 -f. •:; ~ ...tl<::1}fm~ tL l: ~~*To ~ ~~? \<::1}!; ~ tL l: ~~~~B;1f#~~ JL.-~
~ ~ c:-&-~B~rr?~~~. ~<-•lr.J""t"To
ili.i:F""t"li. ~r!.\§~M-~0) 9 :J..? l<:: tci It ~-i-~B1Jt;i§ 2" tL n '* 9 o 2018.i:FI<::
BERT(Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) ~ lllJL 1<:1: tL ~ !3 ft.\~~~
tc~~;fLm~~Jt.-tJ'~~<!n. t.&•~a~m~~~ ~ ~ ""t"rgjm.§t~-'f;Jt~f.a~~~~~ ~
1J'""t"i! ~ ~? l<:tJ; '? * Lt teo £tc.. 1?t §~~~ -9 -e "J ~ ~Jf.l~ltc~B)}ifJ;.~~JL.-~
1}!; ~ttl: \,I£ 9 o 8:<$:~-c> l<l:. 8 :<$: ~Wiki ped i a ~ ~ - 9 ~ Jf.l\,ltc BERT ~~B~cf:i.
~~JL.-1J'1}m:J~tt l:\,'*9o

MNIST IMDB Reviews Free Spoken D i git

MS-COCO Twenty Newsgroups Dataset

Image Net Sentiment 140 Free Music Archive

(FMA)
Open Images Dataset Word Net
Ballroom
VisuaiQA Yelp Reviews
Million Song Dataset
The Street View House The Wikipedia Corpus
Numbers (SVHN) LibriSpeech
The Slog Authorship
CIFAR-10 Corpus VoxCeleb
Fashion-MNIST Machine Translation of
Various Languages
* JSUT :J '-"? S;
)ij:~~)
3 y (§11:

*!3?!.\§~M-!i~t<:.~ ~
I) ' ) - :J.. (JRiW~~)

*~~Y.:I!i>
* livedoor =
1\:J..
.:J. - :J.. :J -

ns
 7~

Y-1 -7'5-=·:p:J'(J)y Ju=I'IJ .A'blcJ:;t~m';:~

=
<, * t;:;~.q c*JT Gl,B(J)f.Jfti\Z"~Z'l'"*9 o

i:: i:: ~lei:, 1~~~1d:7 J[;=!'IJ .A'b(J)#~IlX ~) J:

l:fz-G '*91Jf, ~D*tJ~'®nlct'B-=> e:~~z-;n..Q

c~l,~G~5o
 ~hi6h=:z. -7 JL,
41 *'Y "'7-? (CNN)
il.h ~h = ~ - 7Jt-;?- ·;; t-'7 - 7 (CNN) 11, = ~ - 7Jt-;?-·;; t-'7 - 70)!flT'bOOiM
t.t C'O)~Q;:5I;~~IJ 7 - 11 (11'~1J · 7/ '.J Jil) 1:~11:; L, f.: ~ 7 JilT if.> ~L i!j{jagi&it.t c:·
0)1}-JfTIA< ~t>tt -n,*9 o

~•~- ~~, ~/? o ~•~~:n~••~ ~ O)~ ~§~ ~m~:n~&~?

-tzJt.-0)~~ CBfl~ ~) 0) 2~:51;re1u e: uT~ffl.~tL*9 o *t.::tJ 7 - ~•~~
:n~ =&~~~~ #BWffiGffi~n~nO)~mO)s~j1;re~e: u T~ffl.~
h*9o :::h~h= ~ -7J11-*·;.t t-'7-7 (CNN) t;:t:, L:O)J:?tJ:1P-~X:51;~cJ!J

0) t:'? -tzJ t.-IPJ ±O){s'rlil~f*~f*~ G T~~9 ~ L. C:i'J~PJ1!~~9 o -:>*I), AJJ

~~~~~ ~~~~G k**~ - ~~~IJ ~t<=C:lf~ ~~k~ , -~0)~ ~

L.O)~~~~O)·-~~~l_.,k~~~fi?L.C:lf~~~0)~9o~O)k~, ~

{~~~iJ''f~J: ( fiJFf.j~:/1, "'f\,\*9o

~'iii; G)
•
=~- 7J[,;j'.•;; I-'/ - ?

CNN llilll~fWdl
f~~;:!tl-6:>

t./?O@i{ft

180
 CNN 1;:1: ± I<: • h iA h Jj (Convolution Layer) t / - 1
) /~iII (Pooling
Layer) , ~*a~ll (Full Connected Layer) OJ 3 -:>OJ/Itl' SffiJJJJZ~ h*9 o -
~~~~ N ~, ~ ~OJ~5~ =~ ~~• t7-~~7~~~li~m~~~k
~~' ~*SJ3-J'I~\,\( -:>i.J'~~tc.mJ.§: ~c IJ*9o iWOJf!B7J'-z>l;:l:, @i~OJ~W:~
~~ 9~~C~~I)~~*9o --~~"t:~-~~~- ~ ~~~9~~clf-z>
~*tt~~, ~-~~~~ T~~ ~k@i~~~~T~S~~G~-~ft5~t
t:, fl*to:¥¥·~~!5!9~~ c;/J{""(' ~*9 o ~~OJ'§l}5.tt:l;:l:, ~OJ ~i±l ~ntd~
~to:~W:~ ¥¥~~~ t ~ -r :t:& L, , .z- OJ*El.~-8-b tt -c·.:Y;~~ r->?J'm~fr.:;:, t L'-=> tc ~
<~t:9o ~OJ ~ ?to:CNN=E 7'' J [., ~flj ffl 9h l;f, tct~l;f-{ :X · .:f.:J · t: f--
0) 5 -s cnt.J'OJ@if~~/\t.J 9 ~ t .z-OJ '7 -"'JL-~ l±lt.J9 ~ ~.:;:, to:7 JL-:J" ') 7-.'b. ~ =;·
1
fJ=Jl)Z-z>~*9o I
-J
7
I

-(.X : 90%

;:?-::J : 6%

~ 1-- : 4%

:•O'J.il;O'J.I:

fl :/- 1)/7~
e: i£Foi3'!!

CNN OJ i.J'Ivfc ~to: 7 D t: A. t .mJ.§:~ !m-::> tc t ~ 3 --c', ;_x OJ r-.::- :Yi.J' S 1;:1:,
.z-n..z-nOJ/IOJ{~~~J ~ ~ IJ ~ ~ < ~~m ~ -cL\2' *9 0

181
 G mh~h~(])~~
:Kh~hll--c-lcl:, 'ililf36ilf 7 1 Jt.-5 t IJlJLitn~, ®i1~9=JO)*¥:JEO)~~~c:&:r,t;

9 ~71 Jl- 5 ~@ifj{lt:ilHt <t!>b tt 1S511Jii~tJ{f'Jb n *9 o L. n G OJ 7 1 Jt.-5 lei:,

~~It: J: -:J -c7r.::Jt.-OJ-*1J.81J lt:~~;iJtJ:Jf~~*l<=tJ: -:J Ti.,' * 9 o tc. t X.lt:*:OJ@j{~~

~~ ~ tttc. CNN ""C' <t!>nlt, :*:OJJl ~ EL :&: lt:&:iit9 ~ J: -3 tJ: 7 1 Jt.-5 t tJ: -:J
Ti.,' 1S t i.,' -3 L. t -c' 9 o L. L. It: WT L, <@i{~ ~A 1:J 9 ~ t , !J!I ilf 36 ilf 7 1 J[, 5 -c'

lcl:-t:-OJ@i{~OJ 1 r::" ?izJL-!1!1.iL~ t lt:7 1 J L- 5~9G V::r::>ttHt<t!>btt, -tOJ*S

~~WT L, i., \@i{~lt:'!f1:9~1'F~ L, * 9 o L. OJ il~t @i{~r"Jit: :i!rilf.J6ilf. 7 1 Jl-5 c -

3&9 ~ J:-:, tJ:g:B7J'-tJ{<v.> ni;:C -t:-OJW5TtJ{~~~ n -c~~ n*9 0 L. OJ~~~tJ:

g:B7J'-tJ\st§IDf,J ~ ntc.@i1~~, ~ii~"? ·;t 7· e: Qiflf* 9 0 tJ:as~f:J&y ·;; -:tlcl:~ilf.Jbilf

7 1 Jt.- 5 OJ~tc lt~IJX~ n~ tc.~, nfJ\ 1 ~OJ@i1~--c- i!5 -:J -r.:t f~ G n ~*¥~
Y 'Y /l;:l:fl~cfd: 'J *9o

~
•

.. §

1 ~? t JL- 9·::r9'6G<:" 7..,.. JL-9 (:: O)-iJ!.§t8·i., \fl

-ij(~ ~~~9~ ~~., 'ffi35Jtl59l~~n~

X ~
lmt/lj\~~\
-ill G1J:~' ...
li'i'

"-d :Ef

f~:IJ~'*~~\
~
~ X l
-fil9.Q

182
 7-~~~g~~ . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~-~~«T~W~~~T~

~. ~ ~~~~~~~~~61~~ ~~~M~ G T~~~~-~~~-~~G

3: ~ o f00:~M~1:J$(t:: (j: ~_,, <~tJ\~1J$tiff.t£ G3:~-JJ\ ?9 <O)CNN "E7JL-

~~IJffl 2"tL ""'[\,\~ "? ''/ ~ /.. 7- J ~ ~f (Max Pooling) (c!:,
1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~

-t -:J c -t :k~ \,\fOO: ~tEB~ ~ ~ -t~ ~. o -::z 'Y -7 7-. / - ~-7·

""f~(j:~~1JU~~ 1
)

~f}? <= c -z:. 4x4~j1Jt0:: "":) tc.-T-~ tJ{2x2 ~7- ~ (<:Jia'J'2"tL. tJ\~~n.:e

n~~ ~ ~ ~ ~0)~-z--t "":) e: -t:k~ t~fOO:tJ{&:a:9( ~ n T "''~c. e: tJ{btJ\ 'J a::~ o

-::z-y?/..7'- IJ/?' (Max Pooling)

7
. ~91J;I)I'Jj\~ < ~-@~61JT'-9~1.t T'
-(
1 1 2 4 ~u~-c·~.Q I
5 6 7 8 t!lltl:l 6 8 /
• / -
1
) /?'fiH"t~~ i::"?t JL- 0) 7
3 2 1 0 3 4 I
7''- 9t.tao t:61J.Q .::c: -v. i®®i1'l -
O)~f*O){iJ:ii\!~IQJ ~ ! ;:: ~ G T ~ ~ /
1 2 3 4 ?"
(;:: ~~"{"~-@ 0)
7
)[.,
:j'
1)
~f~,t::~*6~ll~ mtBf:l~~ o 1E:*.5i5"1!11Hct:. ~m~ = .:t -7 JL-f. 'Y 1-- '7--7 C:: /(
1.>.
~G·~~C::'J3:~o~h~h~S~U/-~~7~0)~~-z'~StL~Ma

-::z~/~~h~h. c.ns~aa::n~M••~ ~~~~O) -z' ~o••~ ~~­

~~m~~~~~-~M•~~~G*~o L.SS-tfih~h~~C::~-~. ~
~-tMhM~~L.C::""Z'~'JWM~~~~~M·~~~fflG~~e~~U""Z'~o

(.-
-h~h~~~7~~~~m~eht~~-V77~~~~~
7"- IJ ~?.JI"f(;l:rJ ~ ~ ~·rj~JJ(: J: ~J 7'- ~ ~JI-~ ~

*~e~-r~~m•v~7~6~m•~~w~~~·~-~~

183
 RNN~.~ - ~~~·~-~ ~T~~#fi~~~t#Mm~~o ~~~ ~ ~-~~
~~m•~~ -~ ~ ~•~~*•~~~~~~.RNN~~m~~~~#~ij*~o
ftlfrc·l;t. ~~~ ~~ - ~"-~LtffliJ'MI:lttA ~l. ' *~ o

l
@i{~~~~~'Z' ~cl:@i{~- -::J - -::J I<: 1.'R:s'I t_., -c tittJ ~ f'J ~ ' a:; 9t.J\ c ~I<: lei: -T- :$' 1,
-T- 52, -T-53 · · · · · ·c ~ \7 ;ftth0)*-JU -T- 5 (E§fF'T'- 5t->7:f.A 1---T- 5
t:i. c) 0)9 ~ l ~ A.f.J c l_., l t±:l f.J {;:: f'J~ \ f.:: ~ 1:1~13"-b (!51)* 9 tc c X.l;f~O) .:Y
0

5~U{f:~ X.~ 7 - .A -z>9 o rBJ=I B ~~ c t:" -7 .=. 'Y -7 I<:J O)f3t0)~~ rrr <J c .:Y5~U
9 ~I<: lei:. rafl B / ~~/ c / t:• -7 .=. 'Y -7/ I<:J c ~ ' 7 $~0)*~1J ~ IIIW.m:~ I) A
f.J 9 ~~~~t.J{ (!51) -i-7 'Z'9 o L. O) J: 7 fJ;T'- :$' ~ .=. .:J.. - 7 Jl-*- 'Y 1-- '7 --7 'Z'i&
71<: 1cl:, G)A.f.J -T- 50)~:f.J{5** -:J"l<!;) S9, <2)A.f.J9-@T'-5*91J f.J{~< "l
=t~!itPI~ -z>,@T' - 5 *9Jj 0)}11Ji.fi {f: 'i*}~ c~.@ J: 71<:: l_., 1d: <"llcl:fJ:.I) a::tt lvo
-t:- h ~ PI ~~~<:: 9.@ 0) tf :fli ~ ~ .=. .:J.. - 7 Jv * "J I' ? - 7 (Recurrent Neural
Network, RNN) -z>9 o

1\
@\'!Jii;:J:ft L, .::: '77
y t t t t
t ... ... ... ...
t t t t t t
t got angry. ~ L, .:::
X
J\tJ: T'- 5'*~J AtJ : T'- 5'*~J
:±ltJ: -7'- 5'-W-f:<l> :±ltJ : 7-5'*91J

3Z:h11~:>!~·t~~ :±ltJ ~f'!1J1 s ;~(J)~ff~-T)J!~

184
 :te~-v--n: ilb ~ riii~Hn:ti~ = .:1. - 7 JL-.f. ·y 1-- '7-? J 0)~ c, <:.. 0)~-:J
O)""f lt:cl5~ rR NNJ O)~~Yi.lt~T< tc <'! 'v'o RNN "CI;t, 7'-50)m~&~ 1~iH~

9 ~ tc. tsi) O) JL- - / tf~/Jo <'! n T "'' a: 9 tJ: <lB, JL-- 7-c --:J tJ: n'n T "''~.f. ·y r-
0

'7 - ? 0)§135:)'~ a;: C: t9) T ili~-1! Jl- C: Wf lf, ~~~t: J[;jJ{~:j=ey GT 'v' ~~;l;:!W,O) L. C:
~ I*JBB~~ C: 'v ''v' :3::9 o <:.. n~ ~ r~~::tJ(oJI;:~I*J9 ~ C:, ""f ~:t:JO) .t? lt:W!~Ic.:

~MGk.f.~I--'7-?C: G Tm< c:. C:~-c~a:;9o

~fiOJjj'fth ~ *Bff'Ga:;: G &:?o 3:9, XofJ'~~i:?JL-t<:.i\:tJ<'!h, P'.l$~;1(l,~ho

C:G TXoO) Mg lf~N~h:3::9o ~ GT, <:..O) pq §{l~- ~~ C:~~lf~~~

n :3::9 o ~.X It:, x, fJ'M~~ i:? JL-tt: .i\:J:J <'! n a;: 9 o pq:g5~;1;:~~ h, l;t h ~~ I ~*1*~--:J -:J,
0

*'f·~~X 1 ~ ~2~ G 3: 9 o L.O)P'J 'S5~/W h, ~ ~ C I<: y, fJ\~)~~ <'3 h:3::9 o ~ 5 1L., =j'
1
x2 f.l'~~~i:? JL-I<: A.:J:J <'! n, pq§!l~iia h2l;t h, ~~ I ~ *'lt~-:J-:J x2 O)Mi&~ ~2~ G, I
/
L.O)pq§!l~ S~~~c~~~~~<'!h3:9o <:..O)~h~ ~~ G?~X-cM~ 7
I
nt<C W'CJJ.L. t1 5 n~r.,~:mxt.J{.i\1:JXo, x, , x2, .. ., r.,~~x~ M'v ,TM*~n'{PJ~ -
/
~21i GT 'v' ~ ll'il'M ~i::: J[J O) pq:ef5~/W h0 , h, , h2 , ... , ~J .I.< C: ~ :b? T l.' < m* ?'
(/)
~O)m*~~iJ't:81:Jyo, y,, Y2• ... C: 'v ' ~ *9o 7
)[.,
::j'
I)
;;(
b..
~±W ~~~ ~~~

/\ /\ /\ 1\
t!:lt.J y, Yo Y1 Y2 y,

l l t l
0 l ~ffil~ml
ho

l
...... h.

l
...... hJ

1
r--+ ht

l
A.:h x. Xo X1 X2 Xt

8:$:- ~±Ll.J =~El IL.

J...::tJ I ;t.~~J:I'f'
s tl.Q rc~Jm)(
ft ~(.,\Ll.J(:: \!9f:l\ ~(,\Ll.J(;:j:?
(, \jt(cf.'

RNN

185
 LSTMC:GRU
~m~RNN~~~~~~~~E~~~~lf~~~~k~. ~~~~M lf5
a;; < l,\fJ\9'C::~1!§lfJ\~J;i. a;;"tt/vo L: h(C:: .,t ~
• J\.tJ -)7-{ ,=:: 'Y 1ffJ\9 -:J C fiJ~T'­
-)7 ';:: ~ § Ld.:: 1±:\tJ fl\ f'J ;t tci: < id. ~ a;; 9 o <:: ~ n m
~R: 9 ~ ~~ ~ 1 'J j){ Long

Short Term Memory (LSTM) c IJP-'tn ~ffij@O)f. '1 1-- '7 - -? ~ffl \.,\~ L. C. l '
~ o LSTM O)~~~iz Jl, ';:'cl:, 'I~ ~O){zib f)~ ~~~~ .Q-7'- 1-- il'1il,\T \.,\ a;; ~ o

~m~ RNN ~~ fi.j0) ~00 ~~ -~ -c A.7J T'-?'~~ ~U-:; T$·id.~·~

1'J5 tctt~ L.d.::ti, LSTM 'ci:CDfiJO) ~~~ cntc~t~ fJ t~rr Cl&:M.Jif- r- ), ez>
*IT G\.,\'~~ ~ cnt2 tt A.tJ G CA.tJ7- r- ). ®t~~~ cnt2 ~tt±ltJ~ ~ t.J\ < ~±~
tJif- 1--) ~;R: ~ ~~t-~ fj\.,\ a::: ~o <=~ t.::~. izJ L-~Pslf!BffijJ§tJ'fi~JEic::tci: -:;
T \., \ a:;~ o -t O)i~f.J\, LSTM ~ffij)§~!ja-(;: Gt.:: Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU)

cuP-,tn~ =c -r;L- :t ct <-fft>n T \., \ *~0 GRUl' ,cl:, CDm~~ en tnt~ fJ

~-c c1J tz ·;; r-7'- r- ), ~~~~ ~ cntcwe&fJ J6tt.J\ c ~*'Tif- r-) 0) 2 ~M
O)~ta:totz .:;z,c:: tci:-:; T\.,\*~ 0

LSTM

.. _ I
,_______, -

x- - t -
- -+,

nh-+1+ -+ .......-.--~-
-t a'l"' ~- t
tanh
t l r+
o o tanh o
X ~~
I
X ~ 1i-"+ ~
~ ~ tanh
I ,J
Xt Xt

~~O)RNN LSTM GRU

~!ffi : https://towardsdatascience.com/underst anding-lstm-and-its-quick-implementation-in-keras-

for-sentiment-analysis-af41 Ofd85b47

186
~ }JlJJioJ RNN C. Seq2Seq ~7 J[,
Jmm'O) RNN l<:ff:tt G -r \,\te~~;~~ O)fp,J~1Hd:, LSTM O)m~t<: J:-::> TM)R G
£ G teo LSTM tJ{ Long Short Term Memory (:Rml~!H!JI~c1'-) 0) RJt)'(~"""C' &> .Q <::

C. D' 6 .:t~tJ,.QJm tJ, LSTM """C'Id:.l:tw~:R \, \*JIJT'- ?71d::~#Jblv """C'.:t:RM~c

~1d::)!il' Vf7)~U1d::11'-5 <::C. iJ{l:~ 3::9o G D' G, ~~',!1; I<::R\, \7'- ?I 0)~13-,
LSTM """C' db-::> T .:t :RM~c~tl'l' ~ 91<:i&fJJO) .i\:tJ ~ $n T G 3:: -5 ~15-tJ'&l tJ 3::
9o ~1ni;JRNN (Bidirectional RNN} td:, JlfJil'S0)7)~1Jtcttl'tJ:(~~~t.J'S
0)7~U~ .:t PJ~gt;: u te'ET' J!- l'9 o T' - ?7 ~i&.fJJil' S JI!Mi' I<:~#Jbttc lt -z:tJ:

c J9!:Ji~l'.:t ~J;.)bt; L c. C', T),~U t~JJfO)rPJ...ttJ'Mf~-z' ~ *9 0

-i-O)..t-z'~1JrPJ RNN tJ: c 0) RNN t<: ;E It .Q*IT u \,\-~O)m~td:, E! ~ ~~~ 7

WO) ?I .:::Z? O).MJ.frPJ...tO)te6!:>1<:: 1J: 6 nte C. t, \ -::> T .:t~~ -z' ld: cl5 tJ 3::-tt lvo ¥He:
~tJ!tllmaR lei:, RNN ~ 1§)\ u teL: C. I<: J::-::> T :*:~ ( {~}.ft.J<t[PJ_t u 3:: u teo ~~

Gm"""C'Id:, sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq} "E"T J!-~'(f-5 O)tJ'3:.)lif."""C'9 o 3::

9, -*mO)~HIJ~ RNN (Encoder) l<=.i\::t:Ju£9o 9-QC., -*~~.i\:l:Ju~x_ -
/
'}'
k•O)~$~~~-*m*~O)~-~~~~C.ff~Gk:tO)C.#1J:tt3::9o~JJf
(J)
td:, -i--0)~$~~~1-JIJO) RNN (Decoder) O):@,f]JO).i\:l:J (: G T;Jl G, -*~*11J 7
)[,
~tfj:l:J~tt3::9o ::1'
1)
~:
J.,.
1-.iD'Jio.J RN N C: Seq2Seq 'E 7'Jv
7x15ioJRNN Seq2Seq
love you
X(l)m~ ~Encoder -r:·
~·.J. ·yC:fH~GT
Decoder 1:;m:9

<start> love

Encoder (E3~~) Decoder (~~g)

187
 ~ Attention c Transformer
iWO)-"' - ::J-ri3::1r G teSeq2Seq 'E -T Jv-rii, *~*J"IJ~ -m:RNN (Encoder)
I<:A.t.J VC3t0)·~~~1Hf11Gte _t~, -i-O)£E*i11 L.Jd~~~ ~IJO) RNN (Decoder)
~~-=> T*~*JIJ(;:~ VCI.\a:; lAe o c:: -59~ L. C: 1:, B*~C:~~tJ:cO))C
)!t.J~~il;). vr ~. \tJ:\, \ ~ ~~±-c~-=> -r :t, ~ c:: t; tJ: ~. \~~~ ~c: ~re~ c. e: tJ: <m1

~~-r~~~-5~~~0)l'9o G ~G, c-5GT'63tO)ffl~~~-~$~81

-:> '<:1±*111 G T G a:; -5 tettJ, Encoder C: Decoder O)Fs, 'L.'~~O)JK r- Jlt'*- "J -7 tJ'~
GT G *\,\ -a:;g- o ..z- L.l', *~*J"IJ ~ }\jJ G*1;Z -r \,\tJ:\,\~§~~!W:t? Decoder
'c:.A-JJ 9-@ 1J5!tJ'm~2' tL * G teo -i-tLtJ' Attention{~-1:9 o EncoderO)~
£~~~1t~-r~ § 9-"' ~ OOP:ff~~1~6 tttJ:tJ' G*~O)I:I:lt.J ~ fr-5 tettJ, lllllWU~m:~
J::Jf ~ L. C: tl'l' ~ 9 * 0

6 G ';: ftili l' IJ:, Transfomer C: liP 'itL-@ 'E -T J[., tl'a § ~ ~ t1J -r \.\-a:: 9 o
Transformer IL. li Encoder-Decoder 0) ~{* ~ ¥-i-:> tdl@ ~Attention li ~ b h T
\,\ * 9t.J\ RNN li~btL T \,\*it fvo Transformerli, Self-Attention C: I!PiitL
-@ G <ilf~¥-tt;-a;:9o Self-Attentionli r il5-@*~il~, )C~!fJ O)cO)*~C:~U

-:> ~ tJ~~\. \0) D'J ~ ll.F.I G il'IL. 9 ~ te ttJ, 3tllm*IJitfTO)!fflm:tJ'fi3J...t G 3: G teo

Attention ~H4f1~ Seq2Seq t: Self-Attention O)DJt.l'W:;

Attent i on#.Mr4fi~ Seq2Seq :C -T'Ji, Self-Attention
it l cMimo:Js~~ 1ij!!li~, JZ:Pffi lc~trtt-c
;r-cr ;:e::b~ ""f ~-c~ 1-Q
love you The The
fi~:Jl(lt€!1).9).0) animal animal
dldn' t dldn' t
P'il$tl;;lt~t, cross cross
the the
Decoder IZ:J...1J street
because
street
because
it It
was was
too too
tired tired

The The
animal animal
dldn' t dldn' t
cross aoss
the the
street street
<st art> love because
it
because
it
was was
too too
Encoder ( 8 ~) Decoder (~~ ) wide wide

188
[""(0ELMo C. BERT
RNN t-> Elf.~§ ~~!IIC:: ~3.19 ~ ~@: C: G T , ELMo, BERT~ D'fvt.::.fv (;: !{)(
fJ _Hf*9 o tJ:d';) , ELMot-' BERT O)::gWJO)ffi*I;J:? ::'- 1
) :t.JO)T-#trPHt:Ji.ill.§. r iz
-lf ~.Af-. 1)-f-- J (;:~tJB9~~1'7-75-7J'S*l"\.,\~C:§btLT t., \*9o -t
*
-5 '~' -:J C' j,' G ~liT li: ~ U 9 :td.o

• ELMo (Embeddings from Language Models)

1Ji~0)7J'IiH~m~ J!i,t.,\tf:l G * G J: -5o )J'~*.ffl. I;J:!I!~~ ~ ~f~O)llfz:lf--c-* G t.::.
~0) --c-, •~0)•~~ ~ ~~~ - 5 - ~wm~tt~k~O)•m~$--c-~~e:~

\.,\;t *9o i1t*0) 5:J'IlY:*lJH;J:, !!!~~ C: H:-11 O)XjJIE;~tJ: GT\.,\* lA.:o 9fd: bt>, 7
XllJiH;:J::-:> TEfi~ O)~~O)-~f.J{~b-:> T ~, 7.t~*.ffl.~~X.~ 9«.;/J{;/J:\.,\f.:: -r·
1
~!;:, ~ ~ ~~ - 5 - l;l:)(JW!;: ,J:: ~1ji~0)-~0)~1t:~ilEX.~ L. C: l;l:--c'~ *tt I
/
fv --c' G t.:o G f.J' G, LSTM ~ l!;f-f:ltWi'lc:: if-:> t.: ELMo I;: cl:: fJ , X llliH<: J:: -:> T ))' '5
I
~-.ffl.~~jt~L.C:~~~~fJ:fJ*Gk o -
/
7'
(f)
· BERT(Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) )'
JL-
)fLJfl i§ ~8 -t 7 Jl.-0) BERn;J: , ELMo C: 1PJ G J:: -51i:!j!~0)5:J'~~UJ!~ t±l:t.J G T :1
<n *9 o BERT I<!: RNN c· I<!: tJ: <Transformer~ if-:> T <~';) fJ, - m~i¥J li: ELMo
1)
A
b.
c1:: fJ ~flntdJ'~£~JJi~1~StL*9o fint.:5:J'IlY:ft.ffl.t.J{~snnl<fi3~§~~
W0)5.A?O)ffl~~~~~k~, ~m ~l3~ § ~~!10)~*~*fd:5.A?--c­
soTA(State of the Art, ~~7.1<~) O),qUJi~Jl>?.~T <~';) IJ, ~1tt0)53ffl:IJ')i§ ~ n
l"\.,\*9o

RNNU~~¥-~1®-~A~~~~t~~~ . fi~¥-~
·~~~~¥-~~t~~~~t~~~~

LSTM 11. RNN t: ~ Lt ~ 1~H!ii!Wf~ra,lm I ~~R ~ t.::

Seq2Seq. Attention t: J: 'J. IHJIIJURq)gfJ{ f.I~'IPl.l:. ~f.:

189
 ~m1~~~c
43 7'-1-77-=/?''
tt -n.' .Qa 1~n·-t o 2oH~t: 11, :r I;~.., ~~ut 1m
%11t~~t;t, :C:ili~I='M't: )i: EI ~
~ t:s1. 'T AlphaZero cl!fl!tt.Q 7·1:1 "/7 .b.ii;:: O)aliflj~ m1. ', ~~ILH'·Ard:l~ _tiEJ
.Qft~~mm~~;::c.u~a~~ij*~~ o

~ fji!J(])ffij~ (Q 1~)
~{t~M(C:: (;:1: 6 * ~ *t.J:~ ~ O) 7 JL-:J 1) A.b.tr'tb f') *97J\ t 7-'JI,;""- A c
tT'JL;J •J- (c:: :klliJ6 tL*9 0 'E-T JL-"" - A'cl:, r EI5J'7fii:7J' n -c L\ ~ ~r!!Hc::
c!BL \ Tfj'IJJ :a; JU(-::> t.: c 2', ~~1J' c 0) J: -5 (;: ~11:; lh c 0) J: -5 f.J:¥&!1ffl:a:f~ S tL
~lJ' J :t,r='.lg~tcl:.l'1::YiJJ:t,r)J<!::ri:: l_, *9 o -15, 'E'TJL- 7 1) - C'(cl:f31i±J% (;:~ \,\(""

(;:l:='.lg ~ 9 r El5J'7J'iii7J'tL T L\ ~~*I@U c:: c!BL \ -r_ t' 0) J: -51J:1'Jt!J:a: c ~ 0)1J\ J: L\

O)lJ' J :a; n~BkJ(;: ~~ !_., * 9 o <= O)'f:j" )[, 7 1) - (;:1:, flffii~""- A C 15~ "" - A
*
(;: 5:1' ~t s n 9 1ii!H~""- A 0) 7 )[, :J 1) ;;(b. (;t, r tb.@ ~fill (;: c!BL \ T tb ~ fj'IJJ
0

:a;Il)(.@<=c1J'cn < SI.\J:l,\0)1J'J cL\?@H® Cf'JIJJ O)J:6) :t,rji:ri::u*9o

lJ' tc -'\->, 15 ~"" - A 0) 7 )[., :J• 1) ;;(b. ,;:1: r tiJ ~~~(;: c!BL \ T, c 0) J:? f.J:f'j'jjj:a;
cO)< S1., \ 0)~¥<:'9""2'7J'J c L \-5J;;tftE;001*:a:~~L.., * 9o

~7J[,7 1 )- ~7J[,I'{-.A
i: i:
ffltii@:r<-.A + ~ + ~
J5m&~1t; Q~~ ~-T'J [, ~ ~-T'J[,I<J:
(J5mr<-.::zl (filli{@:r<-.A) ~~ ~~
~7J[,I'{-.A

~"cyG'"'m' ~ ~ ~ w~"-''
l
(1:J11!''i!~) DQN Alpha
~fJ:l, \ DDPG Zero
A2C/A3C C51 12A
TD3
PPO QR-DQN MBMF
SAC
TRPO HER MBVE

tl:l91! : https://splnningup.openai.com/en/latest/spinningup/ri_intro2.html

190
f( Q~~c!:: DQN
0 ~ij lcl:{iffif~r.:::- .AOY(J5~"C, r£15~~~1<::}.) \,\ T (16 ~~jti.J~l&~;:. t. tN:!.
n< S\,\J:\,\O)fJ'J t_\,\-':)~ji!JO){jffif~~'¥2~~T\,\~*9o 91d:b~, (~fi,ffi,
ffj}J) -+ff!JJ{jffif~O)M/itfi~t~~*i'~T\,\< <:.t.lt:tJ:i'J*9o ~O)~O)"Y.AO)
~~c1:~1m x ffi!JO)!/&~~ ~ tc:.. :t O)-c9tJ~, ~1m~qJ-i!JO)!/&tJ~~ ~tnlt"Y .AO)~

id:~~lt-.li<=~ ;z -r ~ * \,\, z:. O)~~ ~c~9 ~;:.c. lct:mH-c9 o -"fO)r.,,~~M;R

~ tc:.. DON "Cicl:, (~:*:1t\t frlh) -+qjj}Jffi!if~O) MJitfilt0)~~-!*~9 ~1-\:;:b i'J It:,
~*~~ A.t.J9 ~c. ~d'Ti!JI<::~t 9 ~qJ-t1Jfrffif@:tJ{t±:lt.J ~ n~ J: 7 tJ.= ::1.-7 J[.,f. ')
r- '7 - ~~'¥2~~ii*9o ~~O) OQNicl:, ~~ = ::;_ - "5)[.,f.'Y r- '7-~C'@'

~ ~ ;t ~ tc It C" tJ. < , ~ iK <!'!' iK tJ. I 5I;:: tf tJ. ~ n T \,\ iK 9 o -"f 0) 1 -::J tf
Experience Replay -c9 o ~'Jlb, q=y!JJilfjj~O)~:*:!i\t $[Hit~~ ~c~ ~ T;}.) ~, -"f 0) 7''
1
~-~~M:tJ'¥2~~~~9Z:.C~C'~iK9o I
-:!
~~~~ - b~ooN~•m~tt~•a, ~-~~~~~-bO)~~~, fi 7
I
i!J~~- b·0)~0)~~~~~9~~MJit;~iJ:;9o iKk, f.yr-'7-~~~~ -
/
~O)wggftU<::~ntcCNN~:!*m ~ iK9 o ~~It:, Atari 2600t.ll¥1cfn~ ~~~-7'­ ?'
(J)
bO)-$-z>lct:, DON~ffl\,\fc~~-c A.rl39~~~ ~tc:...A :J 7~l&~;:. t.tJ~biJ'-::> 7
J[,
"""[\,\*9o :1
I)
7..'
Q~~H::=;:;_- 5Jv.:f.~ 1--'J-? L.

!..-~:-~···- -~;~~;;~l~if;~E~~~J
ti:~~IKD +1 +2 - 1 o
+2 0 +1 -2
::?-~
ti:ltll® -1 +1 0 -2 ·:;'[:
~- =
~~
'7:!.
-2 0 +1 +1 I I
?7 fjiJJ\3tO)t\:l!!i"\"'~Ml ~
1:' )[, c.
t> 1c:.., s~~ fJ'tJJ~
z ~'[:~ :I:J -c:'~~J:. ? fL. E -greedy
~ J\7;>{ - 9~i!1lli 5!t~c:~m
l,I""C~fi
,.. ... t,-:> td'Jth
f;t.J'tl"t"l. l~t\:l!!ii.Jf ~~~c:..~-:5
fj!IJ\3t1L. ~rdlt1.lf (,\""("~'JI!Jg
rrl1Ji3tlc~ft9 ~
~;tStl~ ~

191
 Q ~~~ ,;:!:, r <: O)frmt.J=a: (:: ~ (:: c n < s \, \j[ffif~tJ~d5.@ O):fJ'J C: \, \-5 fJ'!h®if~
=a:~~ ul \, \~a:; 9 o T ul , fj-Jh.:£1* ( I - Y I / 1-- ) 'cf.:-rO)fj-mt.Jj[ffif~=a: ~ T,
fj-liJ =a: ~:tR u T \,\ ~ 3: 9 o <: 0) C: ~ 0) fj-mt.J~iR. 0) 15'$ C: u T , £ -greedy i~ N

~ < m\,\ s n3:9 0 E; -greedy$(::,;:!:, 1- E; O)lJt*""{'1illi1~tJ~~:k,<::tJ:~1'J!h=a:

~:j:R u, E; O)!ii*~1'Jmt.J=a: 7 /$"' .Ld<::~iR9 ~::tJ$0) <: C: ""{'9 0 ®iiiltJ'~:kO)

1'Ji!J =a: m'L

~iR 9 ~ (greedy$) (f) C' ';:l: tJ: < ' tc. 'L ';:l: T $' 7 :;< * 'Lfti!J =a: JliR.
9 ~ ( e -greedy )!) O)tJ~~ \- \1J)! C: ~ n T \,\ ;3::9 o
tJ:-t±\ -s tJ, ? -rn,ct.:, 1'TJJJ=a:::r5 7:;. 'c: 3~B'~~
<: O)::tJ )ttJ'~ \,\(J)T ~._, J:.
tJ'i£:. < fJ: \,\ C: *ff u \, \fj-ii.JO) PJ1iEltt tJ' ~ (t9', -r (J)~~tJ'19 9 ~ ~ C: ~~ 0):1:1J¥
tJ'~ < tJ:.@ (53;.F§ (::~~(f) 1-- L-- - 1-t ::t 7) :iJ' S ""{'9 o tc C: ;~_j;l:A C: 8 C: \,\-52
fi~O)( G=a:{iiJ@Jt>s l < C:G"l, < G=a:s l t-\Tt,\~-5!>'<:: (A:iJ'S) fJJ66Td5
tc. IJ f.J\ ti:l tc. C: u a:: 9 o <: 0) ~ ,~ C' ,;:!:, A:iJ' S d5 tc. IJ f.J\ 1 ~ ti:l"l \,\a:: 9 t.J\ 8 f.J'
Slct.:d5tc.IJ:fJ'ti:l"lt-\tJ:t-\f.::6fJ, A=a:s 1 <1illi1~ > 8 =a:sl<1illi1~ ctJ:IJ3:9o <:
<: ""{'j[ffifiltJ'ii:kO):f'Jii.J=a: 'W;(<::~tR9.@ ::tJ ~ =a: ~ ~ C:, m" (<:: A0) < G =a: 51~ ®'H t
~ <: e: I<= tJ: IJ a:: 9 8 t.J' s d5 tc. IJ tJ' tl:l ~ tJ' =t un iJ: t- \ 0) I<=, 8 0) < G =a: iE:. < s l
0

f.J'id: \, \(f)(;:!:~~ C: ';:l: \,\;'{.a:: it lv.:ld.o t.:: 3: '<:: (;:J:ffifi1~t.J'~:k""{'tJ: \, \fj-ii.J=a: 7 $' 7 :;<
'<::~,3\~\~tJ'd5~, C \,\-'50)(;1:., L".O)~ .:SfJ:<: C: ~ 9 0

£ - greed y;~

£ =Ot.:cWi t_,t., ~~'JIJJO)

fillifil!t.JI't. ?c t.~t.,' OJ ~g 'l!t t.JI'1.0 11 id: \, \
~'II!J~~,s;· (Iii¥ 1- c, )i!iffl l

{ ~ji!.J~ 79 '5 ;( 1;::~,5\'

(Iii¥£ , J.rl1*l
* E '~'<t o.1 t..:cO)IJ\~>';j:~tf.A~
I )2;1flcJ.fl1*<7)
1-- l---~ ::t /

£ 1.l~1c'!:! -r 'f:!~c
~~<7)~$1.J\j!!\ id:~ <

192
 ~~. fi~~~~m~~~Q~-~~R~~~~~~~~~ftG*~o~•
~~$~;:tf}ti.J~100:l' ~;:l::fd: <, <15 ~~1i1H<:: cf3 \,\ T r c 0) J: -5 fd:~'JtiJ~ c 0) < S \,\
O)lii¥l'~-"' ~tJ'J ~:>l<~*~o f}J}J~;:tlii¥!<::J:-::>T5R*~ (}il;l<::ii:i.~Gf'J!J.J~
~ ~b !tc·(;:tt.;:: \, \) 0)"7:, c -greedy):f~ .@lffl~ ~£,~1J~S I) *ii luo ~f00:-"'­

~0)Q*B-c~.~l)-5~fi~O)-~~}ll;~3<~~~-5*<*W-c~*tt!uo

~~T.O*B~fi~~lii¥~~~~~~~~l'~*iiluo ~hSO)~m~M
5R~ ~ tc.~(;::~;:t , ~--«- ~0)1J'$.~ffl\,\*~ o 1J·-«- ~0):1J.1;JDG$0)/:il
}](;:!::, ~fi!:!J~f'J-:Jlii~l'~o ~jW;;/){_A}Jl', T-{-/= .l -"7} [;-f. •y 1--'7 -
? !;:t~fjtiJ~ 1'J -5lii¥~ lli1J~ ~~~I<:: id: I)*~ o ~-1\J~5:f0) 1-\;;~I¥JtJ? J[; 7
::J' 1
) .::Z:b REINFORCEL'l;:l::*9', ~'J!h~ < I)~ GT, t!\!K~ · 1'Jt1J · ~~O)T'- 7''
1
5 ~!&~ G *~ o 7 - :9 ~!&~ Gtc. S, ~\,\~Mj~{~~ ~~I<:: -::>t.;::1J'-::> td'JtiJ I
-;
O)Pi¥~J'iiiJ < G, ~\,\~~~f~~ ~ ~ (;:: -:>fd:1J'-::> tcfi~O)lii¥~1~< G""{'"\,\~ 7
* ~ o ~JII*lT' - :9 ~*:W G T \,\~FJJI;:I::tf:l1J~*1J'1'~~~;::fd: I) ~~\,\{)0)0),
I
-
/
~;E G tc.lli1J*"i5*~f~~ * 7:0)~F"'9l;t~§ <, -ttL1J'1Jm1;J!E5:fO)~pfT~ \, \~ * 7'
I])
~o-:1J, *W~3<0)T'-5' ~~~~~~~~~ffi"7:~o 7'
) [.,
:J'
i)
7.'
b.

~i~ ~

~lt!lt>~
;ijl.,\¥ft~l;::-::>f.j:1J{-::Jt:
;G:1t;9 .Q
~~L~(J)T'- 5'

l fi~(J)~~~~<.
ffl:\,\fifi~~H;::-::>f.!:t>f-::Jt.::
fi!tJ(J)~~ ~f!l:<9.Q
fOJ[Q]-t:,friJ.J{t< ~J~G""C.
~A. tcf'JII.JI])fli¥ c.: ~Mil {t ~x~9 .Q
fji!J(J)-T'-5'
llih~nt:
~~1;::
i.Jt:th-c
~=rl!l~JHtR

t¥ft~(J)-T'- 5'

193
 Actor-Critic
Actor-Critic ,;t, flffif~ ""'--A(:: 1Jm""-- A O) =_F)!{f; *J3.Qij.-@lbii a:: 9 o tct: c!B,
Actor-Critic 'i= .:1. - 7 J'-'* 'Y 1-- '7- ? 'S: £\9u :f; ffl \,\ ~!B<~'i&i fJ *it lvtJ\
c:: c:: -z- 'i= .2 - 5 J'-'* 'Y r- '7 - ? {f; ffl\,\fc~J~mBfl u *9 o
1Jffi="".- A 0) Actor ~ ,;t, ~f!j'S: .A1:J (:: Vt ~1'J!/JO)~¥'S: tl:l:t.J 9 ~ = .:1. -
5 J'-' * 'Y f. '7 - ? {f;, flffi{il[ "". -A 0) Critic~ ';t ~;i\ !Jj {f; A1:J (:: Vt ~~{iffi{~ ( \, '
a:; -rO) ~;i\Jm lc::&i .QO)tJ\ cntc 't~:f'Utct:O)fl') {f;ti:l:t.J 9 J'-'* 'Y r- '7 -
.Q = .2 - 5
? 'S:ii.JJ-*9 o Critidi~!mflffif~{f;#t±:lu *9 o ActorO)rrltJI<:J:? -r ~X. t:.n
tdfHMt!(::, Criticfl~~t±:lut.::~~{iffi{@"O)•t~U&t,f;:f.J(::'<::, = .:L- 7 1'-'*'Y 1--'7-
? 0) 5 {f; ~ *ff L.. T \,\ 2' a:; 9 o A3C (asynchronous advantage Actor-
J \ 5 ;!.. -
Critic), A2C {advantage Actor-Critic) (:: U¥ l<!n ~ =F $ c li C:: 0) Actor-Critic 0) 7 J'-'
=r 1J /C.b 'S: :stt?IJ cWlfl'9 c:: ,~:::I<: J:? -r ~1§1JJJ¥{f; l'i'J !V)T ~.,\a:; 9 o

A2C/A3C(J)
-(;1. - :/

llti9U 91H!{!;~!Jl
(A2C lct/Ell'!ll A3C lct?FIEJ!'!Il)

194
 <:. <:. *-c -i~i"J, ~9Ht~~(J)~*~"Fiv -c~ * LdctA !m~(J)il5-Q)dct.~9Ht
"F ~ (J) :; 2 :Ll_.,- :; 3 :.; ffl /7 'Y !-- 7 :>t -A rOpenAI GymJ '<::: 7 ? -tz .A v -r
J}. -@ t: J: \, \ -c [_; J:. -5 0 2} ~ ~ :f- .::z.. .)( :.; r- t [_; T ~ **
~ tJ: T .::z.. - r- 1
) 7 ) [_, tf:t~
~~ n T \, \-@ (7) ·-c:\ ~il*,<::I:!Jt.J' l._; T Jf~ t 5$1t~~(J)liD B ~ ;lyi d:: <bf.J' fJ *9 o

* tdi'i.J /7 'Y !-- 7 :>t - A'<::: ,ct., ~ ft "f'~ ~ Ff.l \,\ TB'~~ £i (J)ffl__t't::~ S ii-@
~ - A~S, 7 D ~?8L_;(J)J:-5~ ~-~-A~7~~9-Q<:.t~"C~ , .[_;
Ch-~t.J{SS$1t~W~1*~-c~ *9 o El ff(J)~ - .L..~f!=.Q <:. t: ~ PJIJgtJ:(J)"C, ~

~~fllvtc S, if lJ'2}~ ~ ::f .::z.. .)(:.; !-- tJ: c ~~~'t::fj~!fli l._; T Jf T <tc ~ \, \o
7
OpenA I Gym
=j'
Spacelnvader vO 1
I
"""1
7
I
-
/
'}'
(])
7
)[.,
:J
1)
:X
b.

https :/Igym.openai. com/

Actor-Critic '/J~· .t> {,

195
 44
:>t- 1- I / ::J - 5i (Autoencoder) !1, A.1J7- 9 C: :±:1J7'- 9 iiflil 15 t:t.t.Q J::? t:~
<
B~it.Q=~-7JL--*·;; t-'7-?~9 o ll!~t.l: l- ;.;.-r:·"tti, 7-90)iXj[;i1flj)~O)I~

tJ> , /1 .A'O)~*~*fil,-I.\7 - 90)~Ji!GI:{Jf1J.fflT:·~ .QJ!P-*~'- '7 JL-::f 1J A'.L. ~9 o

;t- t- I / ::J- $'.,cl:, ~)Cgij)tJ: u~~0)= ~ -7 JL-*- 'Y 1--- '7 - ? l'9 o ;;t- 1---
I / ::J - -$7. 0)7\:~ fJ:W~ icl:, r.A:h G t.:T'--7 C: ~ L>r--7 t.J':±l:h ~ h.QJ C: \.. \
7 =~ -7 JL-f. ·y r- '7 - ? ~1'f.QO)t.J'§l~l'65-Q <:. e: l' 9 o ~m'l'65_n,t, A.
:7J G t.:::T' - -7 tJ'-t-0) a:; a:; :±l:h ~ n.Q ct -3 fJ:.::CT' J!, lcl:, tO) a:; a:;;fljffl G T t>fillif~
~65~a=;tt~~, ;;t-I--- I /::J - 7-c'~tO) r~~ ~ J ~~ §l Ga=;9o

;;t- !---I/ ::J --$7·0) = ~ - 7 J[.,f. 'Y !--- '7 -? ,cl:, A:±J:t.JJI ct ~ tJ ./ - ~ O)j>

tJ:\, \~r..,~ ~~-s *9 0 .J- ~ tJ'~dJ:\, \ e: ~., \-3 <:. e: 'c~:~m --r ~ .Q~~:S:tJ'1-'tJ:
\,\ (:: \.. \ -3 L. (:: 1:9 o i?JJ (:: G T, .A:±JtJ /! (:: 1/! 0) ~ rl3~/! f.J' G fd: .Q ;;t- 1--- I / ::J-
7~~ ;t.Q t:, T~O) ct -3 It: tJ: ~ 3::9 o <:. O)"ET' Jt,tJ'A.:h t: ~ G :±l:h ~9 .Q ct
-3 1<:: ~~ 9 .Q C ~!<:: lei:, L. O)r:j:lri3~J!t.J'i rit{ !---)[., f. 'Y -'/ J (:: fd: -:J T'~~~ tO) g:;
a:;{L;;t.Q L. (:: lcl:l'~ a=;tt ~ 0

:;t- I--IY:J-9'0)tle~
Atl/1 ~5ft (.I /:::J - ~)

x,
X2

X3

X4

Xs

X6

196
 ·~$& ~ t (J) a;; a;; 1~ ;t. ':?J hfJ: L\C. fJ: ~ C., r !:j:l r"m! 1.J{~!ji -c ~ ~ ·t~~iiiJ C. L\?
~J*-{Jt.J{j:: a:: n~ <::: c. 1c 1d: IJ a:: 9 o -t- (J)'i=l-c'E"T JL-Ii, ld: ~"" <t±:ltJ~ tc.A:t.Jji
(J)"T-::Ytffln~n~ J::-:;, I<='¥~~1'T L'*9 0 § L\~;t.nt<f, L\n't<=IPJ ~7' ­
::Y ~~'fJ:L\f~~--c~!Ji9 ~t.J,~'¥~9 ~O)-c9 o L. htci:~Jzn~U5Jilt (Section32
*~) ~=:1-5JL-*'>' f-.'7-?cfr?TL\~CL\;t.a;;9o -:>a;; I'), ;f-f-.I
::,; :J -::Y·tc~:~Jzn~U;mt(J) :r JL-:r IJ A.b. c. vctUffl9 ~ <::: ctJ{C'~ ~ (J)c9 0 <:: (J)
J:? 1<: GTf~ 6h~ ~f-. JL-:f. '>'? c (J):8- .J- ~ 0)7'- :$7 0) L. t ~, ;t:t±~li C.

QlJLU a;; 9 o ld:d'a J\tl I! n' 6 ~ f-. JL-:f. '>'?a;; -c (J)$)J\l' 1;:1::, .J- t-:' 1J'ifilt~' G T L\
<k~7' - ::Y~ff-~na::9o L. (J)$~ (J)~~O)L.c~,~~~( I/~-~) 7
t IJ!¥U a::9 o &J;J tclt{ f-. JL-* '>' ? D' .; t±:ltJI! a;; -r:O)fl'~)J\c tel:, ;gi£~!#)(1J' 6 7C =T
-1
(J)7'-::Y1J'~n~na::9o L.0)$5J\O)~~(J)<::t~, m~11:: (7-'~- t-:·) t!J!¥ I
/
lfa::9o L.(J)J::-:J~I/:J - ~C T:J- ~~~~~L.C:-c, 8~-r:fi~ld:I/ 7
I
:J- ~ /J$~ ~~ G T L\ <)f~H¥1.J\ .:t - f-. I / :J -:)7' ( 8 C.f'Ji5-1t;~) t L\? -
/
J7 )[,. :J•I) A_b_;g (J) ffi* -c9 o 7'
(J)
7
)~
-=~·
1)
:;z·
b.

'ta
f\1'5-{1:;~ (I / ::J-9')

:;t- f-. I / :J -:)7·--c~J(:IT;~U;Jiltt,rfj? ~~I<: td:, t7' JL-(J)I / :J- ~ 'OO~(J)J).

~WIJt±:lG, -tE~B~t±:ltJ ~tGTUIJt±:l9 ~~C'9o·tE~B~-t-(J)a::a;;
ffn~nk7'-::YC.1d:IJ*9o *k.:t - f-. I/:J-~(J)rM•t,rff•9~ Jffl
W~5~1J' GT, ~jz""- ::;JO) J::? fJ: =t (J)1J'00~~ n T L\ *9o

197
 ~ -~ I~~-¥~ . ~~ ~•~~*~~ff 3 k ~~~*~* ~~a~ffb
:h,""(\,\*90
CAE (Convolutional Autoencoder) 1-J:. i®1~0)*~ I<:: )I utc ~ - ~I~~ ­
$'.l'9o :::c77-J6c77-=.:z.- 5 J[., .f.'Y ~ '7 - ? (CN N) l;:l:i®1~0) ¥-j~~:fJE;{. ~ O)IC:::
~ l.J""( \,\ ~ <::: ~iJ {~S tL ""( \, \*gil\ ~- ~ I ~ ~ - $'. 1<:: dS\, \ T =t ~tL I;t [DJ G

l'9o ~ - ~I~~- 70) f-J'~fr~0)$)11;:1:~ cil}.~#Ji!ii~ / -') >:1~ l'm.JJX

~ n. ii~fr~O)$:$.H;:I: Edj.~Jj.f! ~ 7 'Y /-t:t ~/ 1) >7~ (i®{~-t:t -1 ;z:'0)1$

:*.:~9~/! ) l'-/JX~tL""(\,\*9 0
DAE (Denoising Autoencoder) 1;:1:, J't O) 'T'- ?7 1<:: / -1 ~;( ~ JJD ;t t.:: =t 0) ~ J\
T.;~ L-. / -1 .:;z:- ~mz~ ~ ~td:iJ{67"- ?7~~!Ji.uT\,\ ~ * 9 o ~ * 0)~ - ~ I

~~- 7~~=t J\1J T-$' 0)/-{;z:'~~~~-< ~~ (~8tt~ ~ ~ 9 ~ )k

/9), ~ ~ f'i'B \, \ ~mtJ{f~ StL~ ~ :15' ;{. 6 tL T \, \ 9 o *

28X28 t::'?iz J[.. X1 28X28X1

1152 1152
7X7X64 ' '

+
3X3X128;
'
.......
.
10 \3X3X128
.....
i!~il\~1!! ~ : 7 ':1 7
~~il\~1! 2 ' : +f/7
, ! 'J /?"II
1 ;};::]t ~W:
7 "; 7
~~U1t tf!ltf:l +f / 7
') /?"Ie 7 •:;7
~ft« : https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319·70096.0_39 +f /7 ') /?"II!!

~~it ...... -+ fl~it

1±~ 7'-5'

.1 -o :..'"'i'f! ~u t.:.. .J 1' .A~'E "'i rr :> t.:

.A::tJimilt tf:l::tJi!Ht
m : https://blog.keras.io/building-autoencoders-in-keras.html

198
 VAE (Variational Autoencoder)
~h*~~ftGk~-~I~~-7~. A~~-~~~G~-~~ili~~~

~ ~ ulJ' c· ~*it lv ~ Gtc. GlJ' G, VAE (Variational Autoencoder) c· (.;;!:.,

A~~-~~~G~?k~-~~ili~~~*~•~m0~ - ~I~~ - 7~~

-~~.~E~~OO~~ffn~hkMW0~~~~~~-iliG*~· ~GT.
~0'¥~ ~ 5:1'-~~t!Jffl GT~Fs9/i0!ffTG l\¥-JW~ - ~ :'!f:1"F ~. *IT Gl\7- ~ 0
lli~~§m~0c~. k~~~. AM0~~~87-~:'!f:A~~~~ . $00/i
0)¥-JW ~ GT ~:ft.O)IJZ.t5} ~ ~:ft.01i'X: S ';f ~ ~ 15-tJ'~t±l ~ h-8 tc61J, ~n:'!f: :t ~
i<: ~ * cl5' *tJ:~:ft.0~1~~ili:l:r9 -8 ~ ~ tJ'c~ ~ . ~WM-~ ~ ~ btJ' ~ ~~\,\
~t>Gh"*ttlv.~~~~E:'if:~?T~~uk~-~~-8~. ~*~*~~m 7
1J' S Jil.tc/ffl0~{~0~~~;:ptr}J G T l \-8 ~ ~ fJ'bfJ' IJ *9. 7"
1"
I
VAE /
7
I
~'ij';O);;f - f'­ 1\
I/:J - 9' X z X /
7'
!])
7
)[,
::J
f.l ~ 1\
1)
VAE X z X :::Z'
o f b.
51~
(a lct.:iEUil::lct.t~iJiiiilll!iPt:Fs9}

'It~?. : http:/ /int rot odeeplearning.com/ materials/2019_65 191 _L4.pdf

~-~I~~-§~~~~-~fi~~t~T~~

VAE~~k~¥-~~~-~fi~~t~T~~

199
 GAN (iil~~~f.il
45 *':I ~'7-?)
GAN~. ~~- ~~- =~ ~ff~-~~~~~~O~HT~<r~dJ~T~~t •
WE 1..-t.: . OOHf.Eltt:l ~7 Jv::j· 1J ;~:A T'9 o .l!!iH: t;t ~I. 'i!i~ ~1:.d l.d.: IJ . i!i1t ~p;]~
~ r .:EG51~ J Gf.:IJ'99.:tb"T~*'9 o

GAN (i'll!r:X;f~~-* ·;.t t-?- ?) 1<1:. ~~i!ii'J: V'1~~0)? JL- ::::i 1J .A' b.T9 o 7-
~~*~9~~tT.~~~~~~~ ~5 fJ:~·i'J:e0)7- ~~~~~~*9o
~ 0)~~1.J 1<1:. 1tt * :::J :Y 1::' .:1.- ~ 7f¥-it.::i'J: \,\ C: ~ n T ~ t.:: r~U.@tl:J l<::lli <. 3::
t.::)R.ffltt~~\,\t.:: 66. ~tiOC*~ · 71-77 -= :Y7~J\.0)~'!1T~5il3 ~m
61)'"[\,\~y Jl;:::J. 1
) AA \!9 0

GAN l;:l:"f ~O) J:: -'51<::. 2 "J 0) = .::t - 7 JL-* ·;; 1-- '7-? tf·"J tJ:.jJ{ -:J T \,\ ~ J:: -'5
tJ. ~ ~ ~ ~ T \,\ *9 o C: 0) 2 "J 1<1: ~ n ~ tL ~I£ fi (Generator) t. P.&l111J fi
(Discriminator) t.ll~HJtL*9 o GAN -JJ~ff:~ ~tJ.\,\7 - ~ ~~~9 ~:t:n*l<l: ~
~~~ra~~~~~~- J c. ra~~ ~- <~•J~kC:~StL*9o~~
•= ~JJX~I<l:~~'Hc::~- 7J'ntJ. l \J:: -'51<:: J:: fJ ~VJtJ.atL~ f'F 3 -'5 C: ~. 1Jg=
~5l iJ~I<l::$:~ 0)d'3 ;fLt.1f.HL~ 5 * <~MHt ~ J:: -'51<::~ 3::9 o Mil\.g.\,\~ < fJ ~
ttiJ. -~iH<l: ~~ f) tJ. <:$:~t1 1<::ilil \a;fL~ 1'F~T ~ ~ J:: -'51<:: tJ. -:J T \,\ ~ ~ ~ J::
-'So C: 0)~\, \.g.\, \IC:: ~t.:: ~ O)]f. GAN O)*~tJ.O)-z'9 o

I
GAN lcf:~@~ e ll~ ?

./ 1' :::z· or j::flt~

;Mi'f~~'E -tf'-1 '7 (Generat or) q (Discrimi nat o r)
~~~ ' ~~

.. U:[J::::~: .:~:~1 ... II: f/ML J [.--~-- ·n....·.:n:u

_u_.. _L

(ID
-T- 9-tz'/ t- *~Q)t:>lir

200
 GAN:fJ{"_F~~~GT1'J7Tl-\~;:c[;:l:, $~0) r ~~~ J c rg;_l£ J C'il5~c
\..\X.*9a ;:;:c-O)t~~cl;:t , t.::cX.l~IT!l.J®.O)J:-:JtJ:~~O)T' - 5~, -ES-8- \..\
?!Bel,\ 7 tdffi~l¥lfd::r'-5 rc:::~tt.!!9 ~;: c c-9 a - ::t:Jc-:t/JXc r;:~:, tffi~f8tJ:

T'-5~~~, ~~O)J:-:Jfd::T'-5~~0~9·~~mG*9 a ;:0)~, ~~

O)r'-5 ~ rtn5J!IJ$£~J, fffi~l¥Jfd::T'-5 ~ r~.ffi:~J UHf , GAN l<::<!Sl-\ T
i;:l:BilXlliJ~:tJ{~~,~~ , 1::/JX~:tJ':tf.iX~fJ'l-\ *9 a

c r;:~: \.,\X., 1:/JX~t;:t1PJO) J\tJ :t tJ: G rc:-T-5 ~1:/JX-c- 2 ~ b rtc- r;:~:iJ5 0 *tt:
Iva tJ:if'fJ:S , 1:/JX~O)f;igRBI<::~1t:tJ'tJ:rtniJ:', ~7:J~n~7'- 5l<:::t~H.::~
1t:tJ{fJ: \.. \ t.:: 69 T'9 o G t.::tf 7 T, GAN 0)".)2~ ~ 11' -5 ~~, 1:/JX~[C::: [;:!: /-{ _;:{~ 7
J\tJ G *9 a ;:,n[;:t7 ::.;5"bfJ:1~~J\tJ9 ~;: c ""?.\ ~ * ~ *tJ:J\5 -YO)r'- T-'
1
5~1:/JX~tt:~k69C'9o *k , "j2~~~0)1;::/JX~C'~kfd::T'-5~j:/JXL.,k I
/
l, \:t~&rc::: r;:~:, / -1 ;;z:_--c, r;:~:tJ: <Ji:tt~~~ J\tJ 9 ~;: c :t c- 2 * 9 0 J\tJ 9 ~;! 7
I
:tt~~~m~9~c , :t!JX9~-T-50)pg~~il5~~mm~c-2'*9o -
/
:J'
(})
7
)[.,
=r
IJ
/.'
L_

201
 • ~:(£ IJf.j:\,\ 7-$'0) ~.6.)4
GAN t: l;t ~:(:E ~ t,J.l- \ 7'- -7 t,r ±PX:t: 2' a:; 9 o tc. C. ;t (;fT 0)'\9U t: ,;~:, ~1£ ~

t,J.l,V'Z '>' r-:· ) !_,- bO) ~~~:;*::::iH::±PX: ~ -c l,\g:; 9 o ~ 1£ ~t,J.l,\7''-'7 ~±PX:9

~~c.~~ ~~*O)~~--r~~~--r ~k~, ~0)~3~•m•~~~O)t:~~

I) a::ttlv "{' ~ tc.o ~* ~I) ~~Bklt:~~t,J. =J'--7 t,r~~~ <~PX:t:2' ~ cl,\ 3

F.?,t:, GAN f<=l;l::;*:::2'td.~tmtl:tJ'~ IJ a:; 9 o

tl:l~ : https://arxiv.org/pdf/15 11.06434.pdf

· 7-?'I!IE'i!tO);JiW
GAN t:(;J:~~ ~ tc. 7'--7 O)~tJ:t,EjE ~ 512' ~ -cWftc.t,J.=J'--7 t,f:~pj(;9 ~ ~

C.~ t: 2' *9 o ti""'- Y'J:0)'\9lJl.''d: 15?:-:;. -c \, \ ~ ~tl:J D'S r 3z:1iJ C. l, \3 ~tt

1
t,r;mt~~' -t~f<= 1 J.l1i:J C l-\ 3 ~ 1i~1JD~9~~cl.', 5?:-:;.l"l,\~J.)'tiJ 0)
@if~~±pj(; ~ -c l, \a:; 9 o a:; td;J: tJ'(L: ~, 1 17 /?""5 A J C. l, \3 ~tl.:t,r ,IE~ 512' 9
~~ cl.' 1 17/ -?'7.A~tJ,~t-c l-\~J.)ti J O)@if~t.l'S 1-tj-:::.; -?'7.At,f:tJ,ttl" l-\
~~11J O)@jf~t,E±pj(;9 ~ cl- \-:;. tc L. C.~ ~~~l.'9 o

202
'----r--'

smiling
woman
-
'----r--'

neutral
woman
+
'----r--'

neutral
man

i±l51t! : https://arxiv.org/pdf/151 1.06434.pdf

-- smiling man

7
. )(Jl7'- $' O))t-'¥19 <: l, T
1'
GAN ,cl:, El~~~~:£!7 J[.., :J. 1) A.b. C:*J3.J7.-8'btt~ <: C: "\:', !J*)5(,1,t)<:~l' I
""1
~~~~~~ \:~h1,t~-~~Z: ~Z:(::~~~*~o kC:~~ -~~~-~ 7
I
~'ifX~\:m:iE~ ~ C: ~h,<=5B-:J tc~87,t 1:.P.)(;~ ~, C: ~,, -:J tc <: C: tJ{PJ~~-c~ a -
/
7'
(f)
<: ~ J:? ,;:: , GAN 'cl: ~ * ~ * t~7J'!ff\:jS'jt., \/\7 ;;t- 'X/ A 1,t~j:!l G * ~tJ\ 7
)[,
~m~~k~T~~~~~*~o ~~1~C:G T, •w~~~~m~~~~* ::r
I)
~ o GAN 'cl: 2 ~~ .=. .2 - 7 J[..,.::?- 'Y 1'-. '7 - -7 jJ{Ii_t.,\~~ ~1,i: f.lE G Tl,\~ C: l,\?11 :;:,·
.1.:..
~_t, ~~J\'7-J\7 / AtJ{~~C: f.t.?.JtcttJ\:~ o c t5 6tJ'~1"t~gtJ{f~1lz:J®2
~~-8'~1:.~M~MB~~~-~~P.)(;Gk~, ~B~~~tt~J:~T~~P.)(;~
h~7 - $7tJ{{,jibTG*? (~- FNifii) t~-8-f.J{~~*~ o <:?t.,,~ tct~ -8',
~tL~h~.=. .2-5 )[..,.::?- •;; r- '7--7 ~J\7 ..)( -$71,t7 .2 -.=./"/. [.;, J\ 7 /A
~~tlJ'<=~ ~~~~tJ{~ ~ *~0

GAN li1¥1£ t., f.i:t.'7- ~ f~~-r ~ Q

~~u t &tUJIJuO)J~'7 _ ,,7 :..-- 7-.b~·tr¥ t t~: Q

203
 46
i!if~HDI:jlt:fiiitJ\':!j:? -r~., 7.l n·~~~9 7.lajlf:j~~1*~:±: t ~~-' *9 o ;::. ;::. -z>(;t~1*
~:±:7 Jvj.l) :.K .L.Q))tt1f;Q))jtt:f1. t fifJi0)7 Jt-j'l) :::<' .l...Q)~~t: '"?l- '"trutBA 1_, *9 o

l
~i*~l::l:l t lei:, @i{~O)~iJ,S'M';E0)4~f;js:0)'51'\.) ~ ~-rO) {iL~~~~ tl:l9 .Q L. t
~9o -~fl'%:1cl:, @j~O)~(<:"f~O)J:?tJ r,{rJ/7'1' / ?' ;t-'·_;,?.7- J (::\,\
? ~%0)~-w.J 0 ~~~JX u, -r O)"P t<=a-*n.Q~~'f*0)-'71'\.JL-~ tl:lt.J9 .Q, t ~., \ ?

5'.A?~fj'l,\*go ·

Section41 ~WH~ u tc@i~~~-ril5 nti, .±.(<:@i~t<=~*n T t.,\.Q1o/.j'f*0) '5

I'\. J ~~:ti~U9 .Q 5' .A? ~ff t., \ *9il\ 1o/.J1*~tl:l~li L. tL S t<:1.JDX. Tf!LfiU~lE: ~

fr?£\~iJ{i15 I) *9 o 1o/.J1*~ tl:l Y J~ :1 1J A'b.-rO)-tO) tcJ:, +~~iii.H<=~~ u tc

'T:J5' J~t.J ;/.. '50)/l.i'H~tl:ltm~O)~f~il' S~IJffl ~tL Tt.,\* utco Gi.J'Gffl.ti:~lcl:,
~{il\rO)Ji?fi: tc:: J:? -r ma1 1!~H<= tl:1l§t.J' rP:J..t u, ?? <0)7:J'lRY~5i5FF.l ~ n.Q J:? t<=
fJ? "[\,\*go

204
 ~i*~tiH~~O)i1!~CD (sliding windowmethod+HOG ~fl&:)
-~-~~~.r~~~~ § ~~~J£*~~~~~-~~~~~. ~-~5
~J~~~milu~ ~ 2 -;J(J)/y .::z.? £r=r-s£,~1.J{d51J *~ o --tn.:rn. ~a*~~ a::
1! a:: tJ. 7 J[.,::f 1) A'b1.l'~~ ~ n -r d31J. 1-t~iHl'9tJ. =t (f)£~ ~ tc:?~Hf-:Y-:Y, JitiJ':
0) iMn £ ~1HJr.u T \..'~a=;~ o

· sliding window method+HOG ~ltl;ii

~-(J)~~~~§~~~£~~~-5~~ . =t ? ~=t~~k~~~$~r~~

T(J)$:5J't<::)::iJ..3 ~-QJ ~ ~~~o sliding window methodTt;t, ~{~(])~~~

(L:\.,\( -:YtJ'(J) -J:::..~~(J)'"'J -r y )<'7 (t$) £.::<.74 t< ~tttJ. 1.J'S, ~~T(J)~~±~ 7
::a:~m~ ~J: -s '<=~1~£-tm IJ~~, --tns~«T0)7«J[.,£tt£5~~ u a::~ o ~~ 7
1
TO)M·£~-~~k~ .~~~~-~(J)"WJIJ~~ ~tL~d51Ja=:tt~ ou~l.;, I
/
~ll~H<:: ~ « T (f) • • £~ a=;~ a=; tJ.J ~ Jy- :/ (J)"WJ IJ ~ ~ ~~- ~ ~ tc ~ (L: (;t~-J:::.. 7
I
tJ.~t~:i!: 1.J'£'~ ~ tJ. .Q tc ~- ~~~(J)liff~T (;t, 1, '1.1'1<:: ~ (J)~tJfm£ lll1J5JD1~ .Q 1.1' -

1.1'-J:::..~tJ,=j'- "'{' ~tJ,I) *utco /

'}'
(!)
a=; tc )[., ft£ )~~ 1<:: l;t, 1m IJ ~ \.,' td~ :t~ tJ' S ~ ~ l.; tc HOG
~ (f), IF-'i Wl (f) 7 ~ 7
) [,
(Histograms of Oriented Gradients) ¥-JW:m: £ +t Jte - t-- ~? -$' - "'?' ~ :/ (SVM) :1
I)
T5J~~ ~=F$~1.J':fiJJf.l ~n T ~, ,a:; ute o ~ntcl:.lt~a'9!f\.,\~~~?ilf(J)=f-$~ :X
b,
l.; tc1J\ (f) !5 '<= T'-{ - 7 7 -= >7:£fiJJf.ll.; tc 7 )[., :::]. 1) /(b i<:: {-'C~~ n T \., \~
* ut.::o
slid ing wi ndow m et h od+ H OG~1J:I::l2

HOG~ata+SVM

i!ID~(J)~~j~j~{;:~ L., l
~*~' aotJ:-tt1 .A'(J)
?1/~?t.f:A. 7 1~~1i.
-=f(J)$ I;:~-!*:IJ~'65 ~ D' :a:!¥1J:iE

205
 ~f*~~~f,fljO)~~@ (region proposal method + CNN)
· region proposal method + CNN
region proposal method~;!:, sliding window method l'~;Jf~;lf~::*:: ~L. t.i. ::>
T t_, * ·:dc&:~ n'S, &> Sn' G~ rtii11*7J~d5 f) -t-? J tJ:~~ (region) 'if 7 Jl.- ::1
1
) ;(ld<=m~ (propose) ~ tt~ 7 JL- ::1 1) ;(b. t t_, T~~ L., * L., teo ti111*7J~d5

fJ -r -3 fJ:l'm~O) ¢f"t7J fJ ~ <L t ;/J~PJ~ '"Z'' ffUU9 ~~~·'if 11JU;Fo.t'"Z' ~ 9 * * 0

tc, 7~J[.,'if:JiJ!U9 ~ 7 JL- ::1 1) ;(b. :t, 'T 1 -77-= Y77 J[.,::f 1) ;(b,O) -
li'"Z' 65 ~~Jj.~Jf = .::1- 7 J[., .:?- 'Y f-. '7- -:7 (CNN) ;/Jq<IJFf.l ~ h ~ J:: ·':.dL. tJ: fJ ,
'tiiJ{;t~t±:l~~ ~cl::;k~ <rP:JJ:.[_, *I_, teo
L., n' L., Fp~m~ :t 65 f)* L., teo -t- :t -t- :t r 'ti~Jj/.js:;/J{il1) IJ -t- -3 J 1J' c? 1J'~ -'FIJI!JT9
~ *~ ~ ;/J{ t L: *'"Z' iij <tJ: \; \ <:: t '"Z' 9 o *te, region proposal method J§ll* :t \; \
*~-t-nf.i.fJO)~•~'if~~t u, m~9 ~ ~amc.u-c ~•~ n~<=t~t.i.
IJ a:; 9 o f-'e3lH!kJfJ: 7 )[., ::::J. 1) ;(b. t 1_, T , R-CNN, Fast R-CNN t.i. c ;/J{if5 IJ *9 o

region proposal method + CNN

CNN

r!l@f:tt.J1'0 ~ J-t- -s J1d:

~~ (r egion)~
illl~ (propose)

206
• end-to-end
~ffi<::M~9 ~ O) lcJ: end-to-end --c' 9 o Jli~(J)!jo/.Jf*~tl:l? Jt...:::J'') .Ab.lcl:, 51.
EJm~~:lE e: 7/\\. J t...:H£5~~0) 5' .:::z? ~ 1 -=> 0) -= ~ - 7 ; t...~ '/' "'7 -? --c~=r-3 :s 0)
1f.:Ej]jtc t.J.? -c \,' * 9 o ~* --c' lcl:@l~ 1 -::> I<: :X1 G -c tc. <~ /vO)VJ I) tB:~ ~ ~'f\, ,,
..Z. O)f~l<:: 7 « J t...t!E5~~~ l_, -c \,' * G tc. tJ\ <::._ 0) 7 Jt.. :::J' ') A. b. l' lcl:i@~ ~ 1 -::> J....7J
9 ~tUfl'~i?Jf*~tf:ltJ<PJ~~ C: t.J,I) * G tc. o L_ tl,lcl:, -* 1<= 2 -::>0)? J[.,:::J' 1) .Ab.1f·
1J t<::J.i,? fc. fc tf --c' tcJ: it!> IJ * i± fvo )i. § ~Ji±~),R:li:: C 7 1"\.J [., :jf:E;,~~ ~ lJ' C-::> f.J, fJ\ I)
0);'([1~ c l_, -c-= ~ -7 )[., ~ '/' "'7 - ? --c'~J00:1t 9 ~ ;: t tJ'l' ~ ~ tc.tstJ, J: I)~
Jil' ~'l'i~~tJ: !Io/.J1*~tl:l ~ ~!Jl9 Q;: c tic·~ Q O) --c'9 o 1-t~~t.J.? Jt...:::J' ') 7..'b. 7
c l_, T , Faster R-CNN, YOLO, SSD t.J, c tJ'i:t!> I) 9 o * T-'
1
I
/
z:._ z: *--c~tlf*~tl:l? Jt.. :::J''J ;;z: b. O) J.i:?P:0)5Jitn~*-Bfl' u-c ~ * u tc.tJ\ ~~9 7
I
~~l<::lcJ: cO)? Jt...::f ') .A b.~fiJ ffl 9~ tJ,~5.R:iE9~~'~tJ<i:t!> I) *9o @end-
to-end fJ':t? c :tiT l_, <, *tc.~ <0)5' .:::Z -7 1<::: <!;)\,' T~ \, \1'ifjg~~t!l!9 ~ c ~
X.~ tc. (Sf), ~:<f;:BkJ I<:: lcl: end-to-end It: ~9 ~? )[., ::f 1) .A b. ~f1Jffl9 ~ c J: \, \ --c'
ud:'3o
..Z.O) l~tJ\ end-to-end O)f-t~~ ld:? Jt... ::f ').A b. c l_, -c, ~~0) 3 -=>tJ'i:t!> I) a::
9o -~~<::~tlf*~ tl:lt<::d;)tt~~$17JIJ~J.tc ;'([1~Jii.ttcl: 1-- [.... - t-:;t70)~H'd<::i:t!>~
tc.tstJ , )}<tstJ-c 1, ' ~'l'i~§fJ' S ? Jt...:::J' ') .A b. ~JH:JR9 ~;: *
c fJ'~ u 1., ' c §§ .:t a:: 9 o

Faster R-CNN © £:::,.

SSD 0 0
Yolo £:::,. ©

207
 ~'l*~t±:l7 Jta·'J .:;(.L.\0)~1!\i'lc::::f!Jffl9 ~T'-5-t ·;; t-- I;J:, 1o/Jfi.ti:0)5""-J~Ic::::1.Jo
;t <: J '\ ') / T'-( /?'It{ •;;? .A O)m¥&tJ'&:'~ C:: fJ: ~f.:: (\f), @lf§t~fi~itd: c C:: ..i:t""- <:
T'-5 iz 'Y 1-- f'F.IJX0) ~1'iiJtJ~;k~ \,\ C \, \jt *9 o ~_q fci:::iE*t-'Brffi.ti:tJ 1 6~P-f~tf:l
(c:::::t.tr,t u t.:: 7-5 -t ·;; t-- tJ'~ml <:! n -c \, '~ t.::6fJ, :r J~ :::r 'J .:;(.b.0) 111m~~.,c i;J:
liD a-z- ·:>tJ: :s 0) ;;r fU mu -r 017- ~ e: J:: ~, \ -r u J; :so

• Open Images Dataset

Googletl'~Ftfll.;T\,\~)f!Jf.lO)T'-5-E·;; t---r9o V5 (/'i. - :i3 /5) ffl.tE-c:'
15007J ~_LO)T'- 5 jJ\f!JfflPJfltlt:9 o * t.::-7'- 5 iz 'Y 1-- O) - ffl3(;l:/\ ') /7'-(
/7Jt{~?.A1r:~~O)~~~ill5 J:: ?~~.IJXL;k-t7~/~ - ~3/~.A?~

:t :YjJiE; G T <IS IJ, ~~~1-\:0)~{;f~ t±:l 7 J~ :f 'J .:;(h. It:: :t f !J ffl C' ~ *9o T~:tt:

i;J: "apple" -z'O)~~~J-r9 o

• Cityscapes Dataset
~J~-t7.::z. · ""-/"J~0)7.5 / r:-c·1'f~td: r:-1'Y0)5.-1 h.5 -6i<::J:: 0m1~
<:! n -c \, \~ §itJJ~,~FF.J0)7 -5 -~z ·;; r- -r9 0 ~~ l<=oo9=11r !j[-r;;E IJ mz.1~ <:! nt.::
7-5-r, <::!i6:Siz7~/~ - ~ :3 / ~.::Z.? Ic:::::t.t!iEiu<:t,\*9 o T ~:tJ(;J: ,

j-:--(~O)§$ f ~~- ~/~/JO)fiJ$ -z"9 o

https:/ /storage.googleapis.com/ https://www.cityscapes-dataset.com/examples/

openimages/web/index.html

208
 8!i!

l-'~l-'~~~O)-"C9o \:\:cld:, ~~~~co

~~J7'..f -7'5-=:::;?·~~~9 .Qt.:~l<:ld:C'

0)~ 5 ~lm~IJI:tltJf~l~t~0)1J1 ~Ei~~ G "Ll-'~

*G~3o~~~:tD~5~Y~ ~ ~~S7
1.1- b. r:J-?, *r.:~~~t~::J:::; 1::: .:z. -'90)J\-
0

'YO)::Z~'Y?*c~~mG*9o
 AI~ft~7o ?'? ~ /?''(~
47 ~~t~±~~~g
~o ~ ~~ ~~~m u. A~Y ~ ~~~ - ~~M~~ •~~ s ~~~ ~~ ~~T~o
A~ ~ •~ Y~• · ~~~~~~w~~~~~= - ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~ * ~· ~ c
~ ~ .b.~Ei fl':l.l!Jf'J:JJtlC· t t:W~ fJ * ~.

AI~~g/o77 ~ / '/.l<=~NIJ ;3:;iifutf·. :kv.Jf.:J.~lci:. EI~ I:: 5Q ~ t:. 7'o 7· ~ ~

/~~~ -~ m ~~~ t ~~o I/Y= 7~t~T. / D 77~/7~~~~m
[;:1:.-r~~~:ti' 1) 7~'5ft::t'19 ~ C \, \ -:JT '5J&J~~[;:I:.351J ;3:;-ti"fuo -r~ ~~ ~ -c'

~- A.Imn-:t o 77~/7~W ~~~ ~~- ~*~t.:I.A.Imn-:to77~/7

~~t-r~M-~Mft G ;3:;~o ;3:;~ ~. / D 772/7~~~~~~35k -:J T.

c~J: ?t~~,;~~~m9 ~ ~ t;;.~tJ•""f O)~-c'~~GT iff*- G J:: ?o

7-1:/7 1
) t I;:J:, 70 7 7 ~ :/7~9~~~~(;::fiJ F!'l9~::J - r:t.J~/~';1
A.Im!m7-1:/ Q"-~:/72" :h. -~ ~-t 6 -:>"C~~~ r311~mJ <7)J::?1d:'t<7)l' 9 . 7
7 1) O)JE~fjt -( :/7 1.J~fJ:~ \ t £·~1d: 70 ?"71di:-tJ·6~1.J·fJ:(t:hl<l:1d:G 9. 1'1=~
1)

<J)~~~M• ~•~~k~ . ~ <J)~~~m ~ * ~ ~?.

w*•~t-:>--c. *• <7) ~~92"~t--c:tm~1d:~•-r9o*~w ~ ~

*'&\'<7) ~~92' 92' I<::I<J:. ;:z;*w~ :/7JL-2'~bt.J• ~ ~92' tc(t-z-tJ: < . ~J;tm~w ~
~9 2' t ~~-::> tc/JJJ..<7)~~!3tt.J~f~~~ c:: t :t~17.Jl'9 o

/077 ~ Y7 ~~ ~3\I<::Stc. -::> T~1"5l<l:fv911Jt.J~t.J•t.J•~C:: tid:, 7D7

7b.~S< ~ t~ J: I<::, 70771>.<7)~~ H~:iE9~ r:r;~·'J7J l'S
~t~'~*9o 7 D 7 7 b.1.J~ :iE'IBI<=i!J1.J•fJ:\. \~f'l. ::JYI::'.:I.-51.J{ r i
7-::J-r:Jt~T -t <7)·~~-~T<:h~<7)-z'9 ~W*8~t-:>"C
1;1:. -t :t -t -:t fJ:if I 7 - ::J- r: t.J~tl:J ~ <J)tJ•btJ• G 1d: 1_\~B--:t ~ \_\<7) l'
9 o .Z. <7) J: ? 1d: t ~ llf.l It I<:: fJ: ~ <7) tJ~. .Z. <7) ~~ 1<: 00 9 ~Web J: <7) ::J
~ .:l.=T-1 "Z'9o :::] ~ .:l.=T-1 t.J~~~~-,~~!l'S:hlt. I 7 - ::J- r:~
••9~~~-r~m$~b~~c::t-:t~~~~-c. -tn~~W¥~~
t-::> T¥U~9~' ~J;l -cS~ t \.'~*9 o

210
 ~...tO)mJ.?: ~ Rl!i* x_ t.:..t -r- a; 9IUI. fJ _H:f ~ 0) l<l:, Python -r-9 o Python l<l:,
f~~~t1!ff.J0)/ 0 ~·7 ~ /?'~§g(: GT~f;jljfiJf~?J'!1-c"~ <fiJff.l~ h T\,1~ ~
~-c-9 o ~c!5 ~ 7o ~·7 ~ /~·~§BO) r:\=l <:'.:t, <:: nt.: t-tm"F~n{a:rmc::~f~9
~ IC::J@ G t.:~*~ ~ <~-:J ~ §~H<l: la:il' I<:: c!5 fJ a; it Iv a ~ 0)¥-J~ C: G T l<l:~~O) ,9,
n~:~:!Hf s n *9 o

. AI~fjg71' 7'7 1
) O);'f~

Python l<l:t!tW$ O)~f;jlj~Jf~"'Z"fiJ!fl ~ n T \, ~~ t.: /'/), ~a;~ a; tJ:.7.]''rO)M~

~t•m 7-17.7 •) tJ{fFilX ~ n T <~B fJ , J...I?;o~Jg7 -17" 7 ') .:t * tc.:!E~ G T ~,'

a:;9o
8
· ~/:1Jt,t.i:3t;t-e~U~9\.'
Python lcl:, ~ ~9 <:,_, / /J[..,tJ:. ~§g~ ElmG Tim~~ na:; G teo :J- f.: 0)
~~~~ <, a:;kr-1/~/ ~ Je:~~n~~$-~~~9~ffl9 ~ki'!),

fJJ,C,~-c".:tJ::t~Sk.J~7'Cih-~9 \,' :J- I" IC::tJ:. fJ a; 9 o

• ::J.::.:1=7'-1'ti~:k~\,'

m:t:E, Python l<l:t!tW ""C' .:t? C: .:t ~ \, \0) c!5 ~ ~ ~ C: IJ!fltn ~ Ia: cit\ 'Y ~ tJ:. ~

~<:'c!5~ki'!), :J~~ = ~~~<:'O)aR~~~<:'9o

·~~~t.i:~6~fi~~~71'&I7-~C'~~
Python l<l:, :J / H-1 Jl.t C~c~ G tc 7o 77 .b.~ :J / 1:::' ~ -5'1J{~rr G~9~,,
~~~-~-;{_~~~)~~~C:Ga:;ttfvo <::h~r-1/5'7~5'~i§BJ

(: IJ!fl!a:; 9 o f)]~~~;:(:? T , 70?'7 .b.~~fl'9 ~~1<:: \,\~ \,\~ :J / J~-1

)[..,~ [..,t,J. <T .:t ~ \,1,9-l<l:, 1--7-1 & I 7 --r'~~~~/'/.)~? ;t -c":;*\:~ tJfiJ F.i(
(: t,J. fJ *9 0

211
 R"A!IH;t, ~~ · 7"-5~N!T 1<=~1~ L.d.::7 D 77~ :Y7~~l'9o ~:fJ.H;t:;k:

~t->~~~OOl' fiJ.Ff.l ~n ""(\.,\ * Ldc.fJ\ ~ilil'l;t5"- 57.i';f!TI :Y ::J.=.:rt->-~

:il::~l' =tit:.< ;flj Jt.l ~ tl,.Q J:? IC:: tJ. -:J T 2' T \.,' g:: 9 o ¥,¥1~ c l.; T l;t ~'X (]) gfJ~*If
e,:n,a::-g 0

· feit~AI9ll!ffi71':17'J 0):1t;\;
R § ~l;:tt!!:,W.~ (J)*le~ · Aimflli~~l'fiJ.Ff.l ~ n T ~_, \-@ tc. ~, ;fVC~ • Aim
~~~c:::~{~ Gtc 7 -17'7 1J fJ'~j, <ffl~~n T\.,'*9 o a::tc, 7"-57.J"~fTl'l;t-T-
5 (J)PJ:f5e1~tJ{ :~It~lc:::tJ.I) a:: 9fJ\ R § ~l'ili5 nit, r.~JJJfiJ:?"7 7~\U~-a::.; :Y 7
)~tJ.~2~l'1'J X.~ 7-177 1
) fJ{:fHE l_; *9 0

• ~~~O):r J(,::f'J X .b.~/.,''., l<=fllln6nl>

~~+ · Aim~~lc:::009~ii1clliffi~~~c::to~_,,-crm~~ntc7J~:1 J A'b.fJ\ 1
R
§ ~:!iC'~OO ~ n T \.,' ~ L. c fJ'~ <lib I) a:: 9 o a:: tc, KaggletJ. c (]) :J :Y ""7 -1 :.; :3
:YT: L.ill..A_'~ ~~tc G T ~_,,~:to ?"7 b. I<= :t R §~gC'~c~~n """[\.,\~ =t (J)tJ''}'
1;;. <tJ. \., 't.::~, 7"- 57T:f!T / r) /\ r) -a:~t&9 .Q (]) IC:: :t15tft~ a:: 9 o tete l.; R §

~(]) ~~2-=7 -1~-~(J):t(J)lftp<, B*~(J)··~ - ~~(j;)g::I)(J;)I)a;:tt

~o Gkif-:JT, ~~(J)~~~~~(J)~ - ~-a:#.9-@~~lf(j;)l)*9o

·7-~~1'I~r~~~O)~-i~

ilii:F, l:::' 'Y 77- 5 (])7.J'-~JT-a:1'J?~fi C l.; T

7-11 it-( I / 7 1 .A "(])~~
fJ'~,3*1C::I'iJ g:: -:J "l \.,\ g::-g o 5"- 5 i)-{ I Y ~ I<:: to\.,\ T lei:, Python lc:::Mz,3\::E~

fJ./0 77 ~ :Y7§~t l.; T R §~fJ\fiJjf.j ~ n T \,\.Qfc~, 7"-5-i) -{ I :Y

7-1 ~ 1-- -a: !~Hi§ l_; T \., \.QI :Y V.=. ? T:(j;)tl,li, R ~ ~lcl:fi)J tJ.~:JR~Ic:: tJ.I) a;:
9o

212
 Java Ia:, t!tW.(]) 2" * c5 *fd-A%. /D ?.5 ~ / 7~~5 / =\'=- / 7-z"ffi: S <_t
1.\LI<::::fHE G~ltT \.\ ~ ~ ~""Z"9 o OS ;/J' S Web -tt- t: A* "C', 05 S ~~ffi~"C'
Java (j:f1Jffl2" tL T \,\ *9 o ¥-JW:C: L., T la:~X(]) J~;/J{~.iHfStL* 9 o

. 77 ':I 1--7 /1"-.h,C:~ff lJfc~\,\

Java ;/J{t_,? C: :t~n T 1.' ~J~ Ia:, -r O))fLffl'ti l'9 o -~!¥lid: / D 75 ~ /
?·~~l'(j:, Windows"\? macOStJ. cfiJ.ffi9 ~ /5 'Y 1--7 ;t -b. L: (:: (<::: /D ?.
5 b.~ ffl~ lt t,;. It :h,(cJ:'tJ. ~ *it iuo .Z. (]) ,r#ii,, Java (j:-tfirt- I-- 2" n T \,\ ~ /5 'Y
f-. 7 .?t- b. C' 05 f) 2" X. 9tLicJ:', IPJ L:; /D ?"5 b. ""Z"i!.JfF" G * 9 o -:J *f) Java 1i!:
fiJ ffl9 ~ <: t C', Windows PC C' t, Android A~ - f-. 7 .?t / C' t, fij ffi P}[4g t,;. A
8
I~~:ta:: ~~l'~ ~(])c·9 o

• ~11\I.,~IH:O):::J7it{v-~ 3 /
Java (j: OS, Web -tt - t: A, 7 - .b. t,;. c mit:\,\ 5:J'!Y l' fiJ ffl2" tL T \,' ~ tc ttJ,
<:tLS I<: Javal'.ffi~2"n T\.'~~~t,;.AI~f4g5175 1
) :ta::*licilf~J:J., 2" *
c5*fd.~/~/~1ii::~~9~<:C:~l'~*9o

· :::J~.::~.=7-1'b':=":~l.'
Java (j: <: n *l'mit: \, \)J'!fC'fiJ.ffi 2" n T ~ t.:: t.:: ttJ, :fJJ~ffrti:Ht (])~~A f-.
:1i!;-{/~-*~f--"\?~~~C'~@~A~9~Z:(::~C'~*9o

7c~5~~~g~~. AI~~51~5~. *~~~·~

~. ::J ~ .:L =
T 1 ~* t5 ~ t "\? &g :fJH7> ii-S~ t .:1: (, \
~~-·~~~~~~~~~ooW8~~~~~~~ ~~~
:fJ' R'S'se•Java tJ ~ tL-fn-¥~t-Ht•~"'

213
 -~~~m71'7'71J c
7'v-.b.r:J-?
-~~~T-11-~~t: f7-$rO)Jil!.f~J ..... fiW~~J ..... n~~~~J tl-'?f.::~llliP~:iah
:~: 9 0 /o 7·7 ~ :.-- 7·1: J:: .Q ~~t:sl- '""C 11, -t tt ·fn t:tt t- -r m
• n -rl,'
~ .Q ~
:1: ~:I: fJ:71.f7 1J ~~~ffl G, ~*IY-Jfl :::J -71 :.--~/~~'Tl-':1: G J: ? o

1
t~lHiit~ ~O)~~-r(cJ:, tete. 7 JG :::1' 'J 7..'b.OJJJ.~ :J -7-1::,.; ?·9td;t: J: 1- \b ~t
~~~ ~*~ ~oT'-7·~~M~~0)~~7 ~ ~~ ~~"t'9oT'- 7·~~
M~~OJ~~7~~~T' - ~%~~ab~~~w~~O)~~mG*9o

7-/')j, EHm:3 · NumPy

(~) EHm:3 ·pandas

• scikit-learn

· OpenCV
• matplotlib
ilifl ·Pillow scikit-learn
• seaborn
• scikit -image

)tiil -
· mecab
• NLTK
· genism
· scikit-learn
I
214
 Python -z-:t -:J C: :t*IJm~:n T ~,,~~.ffl£~~7-1 77 1) ~cl: , sclklt-leam-z-9 o
scikit-learn ,;:1::, r ~~~i!li!D '::> ~~ (@] ~) J r ~~ifji!D '::> ~~ (7.)'~) J r~~ilitJ t_, ~~ (?
7 .A ~ 1) / ? ') J r~.X:l(; ~U ),rpj,J 0) ~ * ~ a::tJ :P Jl.- :J' 1) ;(J..,.~fillj ;Z T ;t;l '::>, %!H ~
-z'*Bfl' t_, tdlf:$:8kl tJtl.ffl£~~7 JL- :J" 1) ;( b ,;:1::, ~a: C: lu C.<= 0) scikit-learn l'~~

l' ~ 3::9 o ~:itWeb~-::J't:::'cl: 7 -177 1

) O)c:j:l~f.J{- 13 l' Pf.J'~ r 7-- 1:- ~-

1:- J (https://scikit-learn.org/stable/tutorial/machine_learning_map/index.html) :t
~~~n T;t;l '::> , Fp~Jm't:::~bttT ~tR~~J!!!.-:J T l,\ ( C: JI Gt.-:7 Jl.-:J' 1) A'btJ'
b fJ' '::> 3:: 9 o

scikit-lea rn
8

• S.fr'~le antte~deni i)O ~IN :lata mfT'II'I9 an1 da!a ;\ 13 !1'5

• AccesStb:e to tvtrybody nd r~J~abli 11 va·ao~.~! cn"'te;,.t,
• Bu 101\l<"m"v S<Pv • 1malri•IIU
• ~n so...,c, com~rc~ 1v usab e - esu il oc-·1~e

https://scikit-learn.org/stable/

Python O)f~~~t-~~.:t{> rNumPyJ rpandasJ

/' D -7'7~/?' 't:::;t;l\,\-ncl::, T' - ?"1~ r~~J 't:tfr~ G T~3::~3::tJ9LH!~

f'Tl-,a::9t.J\ -~i¥JtJ 7 D-77 ~ :;-7~~-z-ici::M~~t~-z-!l?:,~e: ~:n~~c~IJ o:r

~J) -T-?"1 OJt&l. 'n'm~-z-9 o G n' G Python -z-sn,t.Z.OJJ: -5 tJ~t~~ .l:t~I¥J
m:¥1¥J,t:::f'T-5 <= C: 1.J'l'~, T' - ?"1 O)~)tJ.f.Q,Jf1J'S~.ffl£~~7 Jla' 1) A'i..>.A-0))\.
t.J 3::-z', 7 D ?'7b~ftil~'<::~2~l'~ 3::9 o <=n,cl:, NumPy~pandas C: 1.\ -:J
tc. 7-1 7'7 1J 'c:: J: ~~J3UJ-if i"K- r- OJ ;t;lt.J, ~f-z-9 0 ~x~ - v· :IJ, s~ G <~~~}(. t...,
T\,\~3::9o

215
 NumPy fi, :fi;~X:Jt;llc11J ~:f& -5 tc.~ (J) 6 * ~- * td:{5sUbJ'J\ 'Y 7 - :J'6 htc. 7
~77~~~0 k~Y-~~m~~~~~~~~<, Y- ~~M~~~~ft~
t-' 7 - ') I ~t}~, tl~1:.R!U:: \,\·:dc~~S\Jfd:~l:!f-t 11' ~ * ~ o Python fi, fit.
*(J)H~~t~:td: cc·f1Jffl6n -r 2' tc. c ~~td: c (J) ~§i§=J: iJ ;~•J.f&tl'~"'' c ~
t>n -r "'' *~t.J\ Num Pyc·rJ: <= (J)3~m~m5R:~ ~tdh t<::~~(J)~t~t.J'C ~ ~
~~11'6 h c&3 i) , -t:h1J' rpython (J) / D ?'7 .:::_ / ?'(J) l_; ?~ 6 J c rc ~~

(J)~JJB11J ~jj!l]:lz:6"\i'T\,\*~o

x1uc pandas fi, i1=D G llCJiJf*f):(J)r:J:l~-t 7'-~)}-fJTf<::'fJ1~ u tc.7~ 7'7 1

)

~cl5 i), tc. c .:~.-'J:'Microsoft Excel (J) d:: -5 td:, ~\HI~n(J)T''- ~ t<::M~ ~ 6* ~ *
fd:~W~-!f;j{ - 1--uT'v'*~o CSVt-'Excel~itfd:c'(J)7 :r~ Jl.-1J'G7'- ~~

~b~b, ~~-~?~m~M~ -~~l:!f~c~fi~*~o <=~G-t

Nu mPyc II=Dtilt ~§l!Jd:~J:!f~C~§g~~f:f~ ~ <= c c·ra:,J.f117,t~{~ lJ T ,_,, *~ o

3t~7'-90)if!Hl!1ll ld: rmecabJ rNL TKJ

§?,~~~~J:!ff<::d'3'v'Tfi, X~T'-~t<::Mu-r r~!Jj*mtiTJ 7,t1':f-5£,~t.J'

cl5 ~ <= t 7,t ~~ f<:: ~~BJll_; * lJ tc. (Section36~~) o ~fl1l*~H1Tfix1~ T'-~ (J)
~ §;3' f<:: d:: ? T 11'llfd: -:ddl!}l:!f ~ 11' -5 £,§g f.J' cl5 i) * ~o Python (J) 7--( 7" 7 1
) c· t;t,
B ;t~(J)~flj*~HJTtc t rmecabJ rjanomeJ, 5€~(J)~~j*mt1Ttc t rNLT K 1
rTREE TAGGERJ fd: c ' f.J' d:: <;fljffl 6 h T 'v \ * ~ o

~ imi~7'-9 0)if!Hll1llld: ropenCVJ

OpenCV fi, :J / t::" .::1- ~ ~@l{j. t-'j;IJ@i ~ ~Jm~ ~ tc. (:;!) (J) 6 * ~ * fd:~W

7,t ~~ ~ 2' ~ 7 ~ 7' 7 ') T~o Python 1;(.:7}(<:: -t C++ t-' Java fd: c (J){iJ3 ~ §gc·fiJ
ffl6h T &3 i), C: -r -t A~/$'"- ~ fd: 7 -1 7" 7 ') c· cJ5 ~ C: "''~* ~ o @i{j.(J)(£
h' l_; t-' = {~{~, 7 L.-- A 7 - )t, f<:::tlliJ\:~;J ,, @]$.lifd: t' (J) £;tt~ll'd'\=ti -t ~ 3 /v,
@l®~(J)I~ Y ~Dm~~ I~ Y~~?L A 1--77b(J)~ - ~c, --~ R?
}[,:J' ') :;Z'bt<:: A.fr9 ~tc. (:;f)f<::£,§gfd:JW~W ~ *~H l_; T 'v\it~ o

216
 OpenCV

tl.l!11!: http://opencv.j p/opencv2-x- tll!11!: http://opencv.jp/opencv2-x-

samples/image_binarize samples/color_histogram

f 7'-90)0J~JHtl~ rmatplotlibJ
8
t~.IH~~~'c:::;tat,q:·, Il:H~ Ldc7-51-t-'-TJ~U · 5:J'~0)*5~~1ii~~9~tc~'c:::,
~ -t-'9<7 -51 ~ ~5f-: c ~ ~ L. C. 'J:~~l'9 Python l' ';:!:7-51 O)PJ:f~11::'<::
o

matplotlibf.J{J: <~IJJfl ~ n Tt,\3:9 o :t/TtL~-?'7 7"¥>~-?' 7 7 id: c O)~;;t;:I¥.JtJ:

?.7 7 n' '=>, 1::: .A r- -?' 7 .L>.tJ: c 0)*1t~tm?· 7 7 -t-'7-57 0)~ '=> '<PJ ~urn.~-r~
~3D•$~id:c, ~•id:*7.r-:m~ ~~Jfl l'~ 3:9 o

matplotlib

i~t'~~!~.~~~
{J~~;~;J\]
tll!A!: https://matplotlib.org/gallery/index.html

217
 7 -r-7·7 - =::...-?·0)-liO)ft~~ - :fJ'f:> ::~- r:·c:tt~l' ~., ·n, <O)C;t~ ~ ~c: m•
-r-·9ti, 7 v-A'7 - '7 ~~;tCifm~f t -r~ 3;9 o 1-t~IY-.lt.t: 7 v - A '7-'7 t vr
11, TensorFiow 0)(~ :fJ> Keras '(!> PyTorch t.t: E :fJf"5> ~) 3; 9 o

Tl}gHa:, 7 v- A '7 - '7 0) - ~ t 2018 4B~.L¢\l:' 0) A :::J::P -r9 o VJ. t lv E 0)

7 L.- - b. '7 - ? -c',a:, 3f~?"7 7 '<:: J: ~* 'Y ~ '7-?~~~{'J-::J "[\,\*9 o 3f
W777t~ , T~O)J:5~~•~w~m~C/ - ~), HaO)ffib~~~u

cI'>' .:J) -r~ G tc. =t 0) -r 9 o ;: 0) 3ta -:7· 7 7 ca: t=(a+b)(b+c) ~ ~ G -r <lB ~,

a=-1' b=3, C=4 C: Gtd:: ~O)~HUa:!f!:~~Vrlv\*9 0 7 L.--b. '7-? ~~-5

t, <:O)J:5~Ha777~~/vklv~m•-r~*9oHa7770)••~~
7\. ~ <?:!'I1 T 2 ":) 0) =.F $. fj{ ;15 ~ "* 9 o 1 ":) 'a: Define-and-Run -r, L. h ca: 3t ~ 7
77 ~ • • L- -r i:J' 6 8ta ~ 1'T 1v \ 9 * o :t 5 1 ":) 0) Define-by-Run Ia: ~ta ~ 1'T 5
kU~3ta777~--9~~$.-r, Ha~~-r•e~3t-77 7~~~-r~
~ tc.th, 7-7 0)1~1<::/iCi G-r~t·~~ ~~~ L- tc. lv\~-8-,;:{~fiJ-r9 o

100 96.77 a et•7?7

~ :r
80
b<(+---z.. . /14

/. + ~
60
51.55
40
c 4
22.72
20 17.1 5
12.02
8.37 4.89 3.65 2.71 1.18 1.06
0
Tensor
Flow Keras PyTorch Caffe Theano MXNet CNTK DL4 Caffe2 Chainer fast.ai

I:B~ : https://towardsdatascience.com/deep-learning-framework-power-scores-20 18-23607ddf297a

218
~ T ensorFlow

~~~~~-7~ -= Y~ ~ ~7~~~~~- ffM~~A~~~~~~

Google ~ 00 # 9 ~ T ensorFiow c:· 9 o :::L - 1)' - ~ tr' ~F 'W; ~<:: ?7 L\ tc. ttJ, 0- it ·
~F0-Jt~Fo,b9~L\1Jt:'I ~ - ~X1~1J;!~)W§~G tdc$~~ >5'-::f- 'Y 1----.t
~~M~~~~~~~*9o I~-~y ~- ~~~*9~~9¢~)W~1J$~
t±lT< :Qtc.t!J, 3Z1[)GTf~.:Z*9o

TensorFiow ~;:: ~;J::, T ensorBoard ~ JllF(;fh~ PJ:f5?.1t 'J 7 1---? :r: ?!'J'M~ GT
cf31J, ~t~ -:7·~ 7 ~*~~ ~ :Q ~J:t.J' , !'JI'~!'J\ c ~ J; ?lt::.lifu c·L \ -::J tc.OJf.J'Pi.J'
IJ "'\-> 9 <PJ:f5?.it c· ~ *9 o 2" S ~;::, TensorFiow Serving ~ J; ~;_f'h ~ G <JJ- :t ~ IJ ,
TensorFiow ~~~;Jj'JJ-'E-T'J[.,~ i.J'fu tcfu ~;::-f) - J \- -.t <:"0-00 · '§'I]Il_9 ~ ~ ~ :t
PJ~~C'9o
8
TensorFiow ~~RPJTI;l::, 1g l---"'Jl.-~ 7 L---b. '7--:/ L"il6 :Q tc.t!J ~<:: ::J - ~ f.J'1.WW
l<::t&: IJ !'J'-ts t&:L. ~ ~9 o * tc. Defi ne-and-Run? 70-7-~tiUf.l G T L\~ tc.t!J,
*-f}Z/J:~H~:f- 'Y 1--- '7-? ~tl~f.J\~ G <, 70 -:7"~ b.f.J\:f~~!H<::t&:~ ~ ~ :t ~ ~
1
) ''.! 1--- c:· G J: -3 o 1JJ !'1'11§- 0) t~i;-, TensorFiow <:" l;l:: t&: <, -t ~ ~ 'Y J \ - ~ Keras

(P 221 ~~) ~1se -::J tda: -3 f.J\ J; L\ i.J'B Gh *tt fuo t&: ;!;), TensorFiow 2.0 c:· l;l::
Define-by-Run 770 - 7-t./~ ~ Y ~c::~:Q~Jj G ~<15 ~ tc.t!J, <: c: rc::_ttf'tc.X.
,~:tm;~2"hTL\< ~JG!,bh*9 o

TensorBoard

Too:tlp,oittoo defaull ''''"""

---
melt10d· - - tfOSSolnlff)py

,.

0
N ~~m• Smoother:! V•h.Je Step Tim~ Rd!!tllto
e ~ .-.J oo~~,.t oo:'s~o 1100 "'"Sei•12.1Sil0.\l b
• lroUI 00).1~1 0013!>7 Uo6n M""~"'Jlla,l~40~0 I•

::BJ!li :https:/ /www.tensorflow.org/guide/summaries_and_tensorboard

219
 ~ PyTorch

PyTorch ~d:Facebooktfi*J~ l.; --c ;1;3 I), TensorFiow c JJI.~~ fJ:9 7 L-- b '7 -
? c \,\ .:Z-@ l' l.; J: -5o PyTorch ~d:7'7 ::t J[.; 1--l' Define-by-Run 7 7' D- 7-il'I!R S
n, liltl%:~~?"7 7 ~~nlZ u--c \,\ <tc(Y), *'-VJ:~~~fr.:Z3::9 ~0)~3:il' o

O):Btpff c u--c td:, ~il'ntc ~ - ~ 0)~ I) t<::1~~ ~t~ u--ct.,\< tc(Y), ~- ~ 0)~
~7J~~.:Z .Q ]'HQtJ't~~flk.J'J' ~ \, \,~ , pdb fJ: C. 0)7" J\ 'Y ?"'Y - J[.;~j~ "J T@:~
B"J ~<:: "T'J \ 'Y ?'~ f]' ;Z .Q ,~tJ C fJ\(!51) 3::9 a !; fJ:J;;. (<::, ~ -"T' -1 / IJ' O)~~~~d:
il£ l.; \,\ ]lli'l_ 1<::, TensorFiow > PyTorch > Keras c tJ: "J --c \,\ 3:: 9 o l.; tc tJ' "J --c ,
Keras --c td:'t?afE I) tJ \,\ ttn c.~mtJ: TensorFiow 0) ~- ~ ~ \,\ u I) tc <tJ \, \ , c
\,\ "J tc1J(z::;!;39961) U 3::9 a
PyTorch _ttz:: ~d:W.ffiO)PJ:f5W:: 'J 7 1-- ') .r 7 td:1i~ u --c ;1;3 S 9\ PJm1t u tc \,\
~ td: Face book tJ' ~ lffll.; --c \,\ .Q PyTorch c Numpy (<:: M IZi u --c \,\ .Q Visdom t->,
PyTorch c· TensorBoard ~1~ -5 tc(Y) 0) tensorboardX c \,\ "J tc J\.fl'B 'Y - ) [.; ~1~ -5

L. uz:: tJ: I) *9 0

PyTorch O)~R?Md:~.'it'.tJ'~\,\L. c l'9o ~tLtctt~<:: TensorFiowta: C. 0) Y .r 7

td: a:: tUJ: <, ~* u --c :t '*~ ~c: tJ: .Q ~2.$tJ'::!dJ:iJ' "J tc o, I 7 - O)m;R.15;'!tJ'
t±\T L.fJiJ' "J tc I) l.; 3::9a tete uJlii¥, L. -5 \,\ "J tcfp~;mtd:Y .r 70)~llDC C 'b
tz::m;~ V::>--:>cl51) 3::9o

PyTorchc TensorFlowc1 +% + Y. + ···(=2)~Jit'j¥9.Q

import t orch impo r t t ensorflm·J as tf

x = t orch. Tensor( [ 0 .])
y = torch . Ten sor( [ 1.] )

~~?''770) [
x = t f.Var i able(0 .)
y = t f. Variable (l. )
for _ in range( 100): m~ add • x . ass i gn(x + y )
X = X + y (Define) di v = y . a ss i gn(y 1 2)
y • y I 2 init • tf .global_vari ab le _i n i tializ er()

print(x) \oJith tf . Session() as sess:

l
init . r un()
~~0)~1'J for _ i n r ange( 100) :
~~7'7/ 0)~IIJ~Ij:
(Run) sess . run( add)
~1'JC:13.1 ~ sess. run( di v)
(Define-by-Run) print(x. eval())

220
f< Keras
~~~~~k~5~ ThM~R~~ • w••0~m~~~. ~-~0~~~
~Ji*fJ:tc66fJJI[,,:gic (;;I::[P] ~ 3; tt lvo ..7f L. ~d'd~~ 66fJ:01J{ Keras ~~ o Keras
l'li~Fm' I<= D'lvtclvfJ: ~- ~ l '-'E T' Jl- ~ il#~~ ~ ~'J 5 <:. C:: "/J{~ 2' 3; ~tJ'. ..7f
0~~ ElP-fi;;I::TensorFiowtJ{rrL\ a;~ o -:J a; f) Keras C:: I;;I:: TensorFiow ~{12'~~
~ .:t 0~1;;1::t,J: <. ~UD-c' Keras tJ\ ~ l ' TensorFiowtJ{!JJL' -r L~~ C:: 1 ;>( -::/' ~

-r <tc ~ L'o TensorFiow ~ • 2!, Jf ';6/v ""Z' L' ~ " tc 66. Keras I;;I:: TensorFiow 0 7 "/
~ ~-l' il5 ~ C:: ~? tc f) • ...t{li:$:7i''id§. ~ ~ ~ <:. C:: D' 5. Keras 1;;1::~ L.- «J~ API
""Z' if.>~ C:: ~ ? tc f) =t ~ a;~ o fJ: dB. Keras 1;;1::, TensorFiow 1.:.( ~ IC =t Theano-\->
CNTK t L \? tc 7 L.- -b '7-? ~~ c·lhtJ'~ L. C:: =t PJ~~-c'~ o
KerastJ<:t.J"Jit ~ -r L~~ * "J 1-- '7 - ? 0)~1~1;;1::1J 1 fJ: f)~<, ~;$:~tc~:+ "J 1-- '7-
8
? 01fil~~ if.> n li~1'J-z> Ji)( 3; ~ L. C:: =t il5 f) 3; ~ (TensorFiow ~ l<t~+ f'J~ <~~
~1J{il5 ~ D':I:J ~ n3;tt lv)o Keras 0~ J;~I;;I::, ~0 TensorFiow lett~~ C:: 'ET'
J i.--~O)*~'r:I:1J{fcj:l, \;: (:: ""Z'~tJ{, L. 0~,'i$..i;;l::ll5;mtc~: ~ - ~ ~~(:: 0)"[._.,- ~

::t 7 ~if.>~ C:: =t l,\~~ ""Z' ~ J: 5o Keras ~7"-{ - 7 5 - =/70 ~ 'Y ~100/vtC.
6, Keras 1;;1::~· ~. ~O) TensorFiowl' 'E T'J t.- tJti!ilt ~ ~ 51<=1d: ~0"/J{~-$'-
1J''t ~n3;ttlvo

Keras

TensorFlow

import tensorfl.O'tol u tt' i"'PPrt kern

K • t f. placeholde.t(tf .t loat.32, sha-p!!• (None , 784)) fl'OII kuu.lnodels li'IIPOr t Seq\lcntial
y_ • t!.plac:eholdu(tt,floatl2, sha~· ( t+one, 19)) (.t'Oinlc:tr.5.l.lyeri iiiiPOr t O~se , DTopout, Ac:t1v:!.t1011, Fla tten
W • tt .VJ.dable(t.f.zeros((784, 19))) fro~~ ker as. lo~.yezs irlpoz:t Conv20, liuPoolinoZO
b • t f.Vuiabte(tf .z:eros((19)})

de{ ~rr,>e1Qht_¥ar:hbte(•h•pt):
.-.odel • Sequential()
...odet.add(Conv20(l2, (l, 3) , padding•' strot' ,
input_shape•X_trd.n. s~pe(1:]))
_j
intt hl • t:C. t runcated_nomal(sNpt, stddev•8.1) IIOdel.add(Ac:tivationt'_~J{nf
return tf.VuUble(1n1thl) ....t'.•~ConV!0(32,-(' '
.odel.o~.dd(Activ&tton( 'relu' ))
dd bhs_vulablt(shape) :
Jnit.h.l • t! .coru.tant(l.l, sh.ape• shape) 1 :=i:::=~~~~~~rol_sh.-(2. 2)))
return ct.VuUble(1n1tbl) I
def convld(x, W):
reto:m tf.m.conv2d(x, W, str1dts•[l,1,1,1), ~dding • 'SAtt E ')

w_convl • weltht_vni•blt([}.3. 1 ,32)) I

b_convl • biu_vuhblt([32))
x_U.ge • U,resNpe(x, [·1, 28, 28, 1))
h_convl • tt'.nn.relo(conv2d(x.iluge, t(c:onvl) + b_~l)

221
 • ONNX(Open Neural Network Exchange)
7 L-- - b '7 - ? It: ~ {~'dci: <~ ~ =c 7' JL- ~ * ml' ~ .Q 7 ;;t - ~ "J t-- l',
Microsoft C:: Facebook It: J:? T9B*~h"* G t.:o ONNX 7 ;;t -~ 'Y t-- ~ffl \,\h
(;:!:, PyTorch l'~~ 2"itt.:::'E 7' JL-~ TensorFiow_Ll'fse-'5 tJ c, 7 L-- - b. '7-?
~~;ttd1Jffl;IJ'PJ1jgl'9 o * t.::, Caffe, Caffe2 Python, C++, MATLAB tJ C. It: J:?

T~1'Fl'~ .Q 7 L.- - b '7-?l'c51J, ffijj~~~lt:ffl\,\ Gh.QCNNO)~~;IJ'f~

~l'9tJ\ RNN t-> ~~'E7' J[.,O)~~I<:Ij:rEJ\, \T \,\*it lvo Facebook~j: L. h~
Caffe2 1<:9B~~it .Q 1d: c, PyTorch C:: 0)).1~~:9!15'l V c \,\ *9 o

· Theano
7' 1 - 7' 7 - =/ 7 ffl C:: G T lj: -B ? C:: -B "i!i \,\ Python 7 L-- - b '7 - ? l' 9 o
=c / t-- 1) :;;t- )[., -;k.~;/]{ 2007 if: D's rw.l9B G T \, \ *
9 0 2017 if: I<: ~~-i) " ' - t--
;/]{~p? t.:t.::l:/), ~Jltl'lj:(5 *I) fsebn T \,\*it lvo

• MXNet
Amazon tJ' Amazon Web Service (AWS) ffl It: :J:i~ 9 ~ 7 L.-- b '7- ? l' 9 o
~~~X;Jjif;;tJ{~~l', Python, C++O)I~tJ'I<:=tR, MATLAB, PerltJ:cO)~~
1<: =tx-J}if;; G T \,\ * 9 o M!~IJ~~~ fJ? t.:::~-8-0) A 1::- f.: ;/J{I~tJ'O) 7 l-- - b
'7 - ?I<:Jt«TJ.i< fJ:~ (A-7-Jl-9~) O);/]{~~l'9 o

• CNTK(Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit)

Microsoft tJ\IH.l9B9 .Q 7 L-- - b '7 -? l', Skype, Xbox, Cortana tci: c l<:i5e:bh
T \, \ * 9 o Microsoft 0)? 7 ') f.: -if - 1:::' A C:: D'lv t.:: lv 1<:).1~9 .Q L. C:: ;/J{l' ~,
PJ~i'tO) .J\7JtJ{f~~tJ:O) =t~~l' 9 o Windows I<: =t ~\, \ C:: L\Ph T I.\* 9 o

·Sonnet
TensorFiow I<: <IB It .Q =t -5 - -::J 0) 7 'Y J\ - l ' 9 o Keras C:: IPJ G J: ? 1<:,
TensorFiow 0)1.\U!EtJ: :::J - f.:~ f.:l;m1t G T ~ < L. C:: tJ{l' ~ * 9 o ±. 1<: Google
O)r~t±l'~.Q DeepMind1±0)iJf~lffl9BI<:i5e:bh TL\ *9 o

222
• DL4J(Deeplearning4J)
Java c ScalaO)t.:::61J O)T' -1 -7 7-= ':./ 1f7 L--- b '7 -? "Z'9 a :7\JJH~~ A
=r b.~;: <IS l,' T, Hadoop t-> Apache Spark ~~~ t.::: )J\1&~~ ~ 1~ ~ c G *9 a

Jwa~--~~O)~W"Z'~~ ~ ~ - ~~~O)k61J , 8M~~0)'5~7'5~

tf. <fb * I) :7E ~ G T \.,\a:; it Iva Android 7 7 1

) ~<I: Java "Z' fF P.lG "Z' ~ ~ t.::: 11) ,
Android 7 7 1
) ~;:~~"E7' )[;~ *£lJ;)6t; c ~ t;: ~<l:f£f1J1J"t G tuf::tt Iva

• Chainer
B2js;: JE 0) 7 L-- -b. '7 - ? "Z', AI A 5' - 1-- 7 'Y 7 "Z' <fb ~ Preferred Networks 1;:
J: I) m.lJEtHrb n T l,\2t9 a PyTorch ~<l:Chainer~ =b c t<:fF S:h T l,\~t.:::61J,
1~H'F~<l: PyTorch c 1~® ~ T l,' a=: 9 a Define-by-Run O)}GJJ'~ -t PyTorch c ~~t:'
8
9a

Cha iner C7J ::::1-- ~~J (~1!§/~ - 12 :1 1-- o Y)

import chainer
import chainer.functions as F
import chainer.links as L

class MLP(chainer.Chain):
def __ init __ (self, n_units, n_out) :
super(MLP , se lf). __ i nit __ ()
wi th self .init_scope():
self.ll = L.Linear(None, n_units)
self.l2 = L.Linear(None, n_units)
self.l3 = L.Li near(None, n_out)

def forward(self, x):

hl = F. relu(self . ll(x))
h2 = F.relu(se lf .l2(hl))
r eturn self.l3(h2)

• fast.ai
PyTorch 0) '5 "J J\ - t:9 a TensorFiow I<: <IS tt ~ Keras 0) J::? t;: , PyTorch ~ti.J
tr9t.::: 61JO) -:J - 7' -1 ':..1?"1.J~.I:t~~1.J'Ivt.:::lv "Z'9 a

TensorFiow, Keras, PyTorch 1:1~'1'\:~Ht-J

223
 GPU7o?'7 ~ /?'t:.
50 ~)111:;
-~·B~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~#.fi•• ~~ ~ m~~o ~ ~ ~ ~-~ ~~
~~? ~-ff~~ ~ ~ ?~ ~~~ ~~~~~~~ ~ t ~•ij* ~o ~~~~ . ~ ~
r.,,Jm ~ G~I:'~ ~~GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) ~c·I:'?I.' T IVfmt G*~o

CPU • GPU • TPU

:J / 1::::' .::1.-5 ~cl: 2" a':~ a': tJ:gM~ f.J{;\\flOZJ. -8-b ~-::> T \.,\a': 91.J\ -f O)$c·~J{~ilQO)
1~~~~t.:: VZ\.,\~O)f.J{CPU (central process ing unit) ""Z'9o CPU lcJ:--:> -
-:>O)ff'~~JllfHIH:~Jml.JT\.,\ < O)lcJ:~~ -r91.J\sl:U:~J~~~fJ-?O)IcJ:'2i.J:1:9 o
;Jm ~ ~ ~ 1: lcl: sl:U: ~J ~ Im ~ 1'J ? <:t. tJ{ ~F 1¥.; I<: ~ \., \ t.:: lsi), GPU (graphic s
processing unit) t. pqllih~J\-'YfJ{J:: <~Ph T \.,\ a':9 o graphics t. ~~c:M
\,\'""(\.,\~ <: t. D' SbfJ'~ J:: ? I<:. GPU 1;1:::$:=*. !f-b.fJ: cO)I/7 7 1 'Y? ;;z

tili~O) t.:: lsi)O)J '\ - 'Y 1: u t.::o GPU 1;1::- -:> - -:> O)~JmEl f/.$;1;1:: CPU l<:.t:~"" T ~ (
l;l:fJ:\., \0)1:9fJ\ slftJ"Ij~JmfJ{J±{ilJ I¥.H<: ~ ( 1'J ;{.~O)fJ{¥}~1:9 o ::fdiiO)T'- 5
~-~~c:~~-r~ ~ J::-? 1<=. GPu § f*l<= ::f\::@1!0).>< -t 1) ~m~ ~._, T l,\ a:::9 0

~i;\¥:~~1!Wf.J{7"-b. 'c:t.,;:~ t., sl:U:J!J~J:f 0)1~ ~ fJ:GPU 1.J{)i§ ~~IIi)~ J:: -3 ' <::fJ:
I) , I~tt-r 'cl:~~~'f& ~<:: dB\.,\ T ';J: 13:1£&;,~0)1 \- 'Y t. t.,;:-::> T \., \ -g::: 9 o 2" S IC: ~
Jli-r l;t, TPU (tensor proc ess ing unit) t. J:: lih ~T' 1 - 7'7 - = / ?"WfflO)
J\-1" './I 7 =t§:~ G T \- \ a:::9 o
G~ ~~-3~ ~Mt.~-3/D?" 7 b.~·<~-~~l)-g:::~~o8~~-
7 ~ - b. '7 - ? IC:dBl.\T, GPU l<: ~~~ ~ t.:l.\ t. ~ lcl: 1 frf¥/.t0)/0 ?"7 b.~
M lt:bOX.~ tc 'tl:OK-r9 o t.::tc u , J:: I) GPU 0)8fm~:6:~{~ u t.:: \- \~-8-tJ: c
~. =t?~G.J:~if~~~l:u~?o

~ttMO)G~~#M~~m-r • .><-t~O)&ma:::-r~~9t.1oo~~~mx.
~ =t O)=t ~I) a:::9 o -f <: -r~~G t.:: \.,\O)if;;f /7-1/ _t-r~3t.~f&J~U~~l:,
..
~r ~RiiJ~RI;t<5 ~ =t 0)0)1m*3t -z:~x. ~ =t 0) :t <5 IJ a::: 9 o :ij':g c.: 31: 1;1:: Google
Colaboratory t., Kaggle O)Kernel ~1U~1:9o ~t.,;:or;.lc:<:tLSO){&J!\IJii~c·

224
~bhT\,\~NVIDIA Tesla K80 ict, NVI DIA;/J{~),R~l.JT\,\~G PU O)i:j:lc:tJ:
m?5~c~0, ~h~-~c~~ ~O)~* ~~-~c~o *k,MM~Bc
iSe-3 51' /5 1
) '\!>7 [...,-b. '7-? ii -1'::,.; ~ 1-- -J[.,)fol~ c~~t.:::61.>, §J5J'c~~
··~l.J~(T)foltO):tW~«~~~-c~*~~~~~l--cl.J~-3o

CPU · GPU • TPUO),AI"{-y?O)ttfll

CPU 4 4.2 GHz fJ: l.J *{] 5 7JP3 5400~@1 /f'.J>

GPU 3584 1.6 GHz 11 GB ~ 157JP3 13.4 ~~@I I f'.J>
5 120 CUDA.
TPU 1.5 GHz 12GB ~307JP3 112~~@1/ f'.J>
640 Tensor

CPU:Intel Core i7-7700k. GPU:NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti, TPU:NVIDIA TITAN V

fJ:<I:l,~~l~:l<l: NVIDIA TITAN VIHPUC" I <tii'>~J;t:tt/u,
~~.ll:http://cs23 1n.stanford.edu/slides/2019/cs231 n_20 19_lecture06.pdf 8

X eon E5-2630 v3 / GeForce _

VGG-16 128 14
GTX 1080Ti
@~re~O)=c-T 11.->
Xeon E5-2630 v3 / - 8495.48

J:fKPU+GPU, l'l<l:CPUO).tJ."t",fol~CPU 'lr~f!l~ c~1;1;9,

~~ll: https:/ /github.com/ jc johnson/cnn-benchmarks

Google Colaboratory C: Kaggl e 0) Ker n e l ~~~

Goog le Co labtory 11 2~Fe, NVIDIA Tesla K80 13GB

Kaggle Kernel 911\¥Fe~ NVIDIA Tesla K80 16GB
I 1

225
 fl!Ulil~~:a- ~~~gl: f!J ffl9 .Q f.: eli) I: I;!:_ ::k :itO)~B7- -9 O)J&~~st l'J ~)Jl!f.t C' l: ~~
~ ~ ;k ~f.t~ ~ ~~~~ij*9 o ~ 0)~. ~~~~~ - ~ ~ :a- ~~ ~. 9 ~ ~~~
/lO)~* H~E> :h *9o ;: ;: "Z'I;I: ~pq~~O)~~~B ~ - r::·~ :a- J! Tl- ' ~ * lJ J: ? o

9-z' l<::. !ii~G T ~ tcJ::. -3 1<::., #.\Hiii:~ ~~L. I;:J:-'E7' J [;O)~)E'\!l J\ -1 J~ - J ~5 ;;J,-

$'0)7- _l - =:::.;:tt<::.c!5~~~0)m~n~~,~e:tc:J: 'J * 9 o *td~;tii~:~~-cm~O)

J::. ~,,.:y;~uma~~~~tc~ t;: IJ., ~~ e: 1u c O)~~~~ tc:J::*:~0)-7''-'>' :t~,~-z-9 0

f.JD;Z -c , -'E T' J [; '\!'~~9 ~ 7'- $' flril~ ~ 1- ' tel: c~t~~ fiijiJ{~ 1- '~~ ~;: IJ., ~t~
·-'t ~~C~'J*9o ~h6~~~~~~'\!l ~ ~ ~ ~~-9~k~~~fflG
tci-\O)tJ\ il::~tJ'm1#t; G -cl-,~tlf-~~-t.t- t: ~ t:9 o ttiH~~~-tt - ~~ t:IJ..
il::~iJ{pJT~ G TI-\~ ~ WZ&OZf.O)~~~ ~'tT' J L- ~fiJ ffll'~ * 9 o tc:J:3'3#.\Hiil:~~
-tt- ~~ ~~~0)$' -{/ ~~~. ~ - ~- ~~~7'- $'~~ffl~ G T~~'\!lm

;ffu~ 9 ""-c-tt- ~ ~ tr: tttt ~ $' -1-:1 :t <5 'J * 9tJ'. ~ ;:: -c1a: M~';: -:J ~,,-em~

G*9o
~m. M;tii1:~~7 D 75b~*~9 ~C:~~~7- $'0)~·~6ttMO)~~
* c:.', \,' <-:J iJ'O) / Dt ~ ~~t;- &;,~iJ{<I5 'J * 9 (Section12 ~~) o -t-0)~-c:.'

:t? C: :t~~"¥> ~ ~ ~ tl' iJ'iJ'~ / Dt ~IJ.Ji1jg~)!l,& G T\,\ <0)-z'ilbhlir~

~T'-$'0)l&•J C: r::c T'J[;O)~~J t:<l5~c\-\;Z * 9o M;fflt~~-tt-~~~

f 1Jffl 9 ~ C:, ~ 0) 2 ,~ ~ -+t - t: ~ lr:ffi! ~ ~ C: iJ{C' ~ ~ tc~, ~ --if'-l;t-'ET'

JL- tr: J::. ~ -tt;ffu~fr-3 7 o 77 b~!r <t.= ~tl'Z&JJ-*9 o m;.11u0) / o :7'7 bla:,
¥*~~~~~-YO)~~O)J::.-3~4-:JO)~d~~'J*9~8~~B-tt-~

~ ifj: f1Jffl9 ~ tc 6fJ lr: l;:l: ~O) r-'ET' J[; 1<::. J::. ~ ti;J!UJ O)tf~5J'c:.'-13-il::*iJ' 6 m11# ~ h
T \, \~AP i ifj:~ \, \ -tt - l::::" ~ ifj:lllJilJ I±l G a:;9 o lllJiU I±l ~ ntc-+t- r::· ~ l;:t.:z. - ~ -

0)/D :15 btl' Sti;J!IJ T'-$' ifj:~ltll>l. 'J , -t-O)ma~~{ij'UAPI ifj:~9 ~ C: t: ,

~ - -tf-0) / o 1f5 b lr:~ G *9 o

226
 tUIJ =f'- 9 (])
m~ 111111

:J.-tf-

.:Z. -+f'- (])1-'CD I) I~

=f'- 9(J)J5l~
~~~0'.1-'E=f')[, 'E=f'J[,(J)~~
I~J:-QtUIJ -ttfJ!tl(J)~fr

~ 1& ~<::, t11Hiit ~ ~ -17- 1:::' A (7) ~ f?JJ 1,f ~ fl' L.; -n,' ~ * 9 o tV& 8'9 fJ: 0) li
Google, Amazon, Microsoft, IBM O)~tii£~~-17 - 1:::' A -z'9 o L. h S O)ii:JilUi
:;*;:& (7)-T-5 e:=~fJ: ~t~Jil:~1f:¥-.f? T\-\~tct:;t), ~t\JUc:i:=E-TJ~(7)7-{ '../? 'Y
/tJ{~ 1'J, ~11~g-z:~~ t \,\;ta=:9 o -.1J-z'E3:*:i1:3t¥Hi, ;mj}:t£~0)~~# "1'~
~ B :;$:~1<:: ~9 ~ API1f: !fl,i)tc::mi# L.; T \,\ * 9 o 1:?-Z T O)~tc: B :$:l£~ (7) Yahoo!
t goo 0)-lf-1:::' A;}.) J: u;mj}:t£~(7)-lf-t:• A 1,f ~ fl' l_; *9 0 1i~gtJI s *~~1**
a=:"1'~n~nft~~~t:;t), J:<~W L.; T~fflL.;*L.;~5o

8 :$:~~HB!W*AA!'IIT iB~*~*tlf API

i:J'fd:~Cj2~~ f§l~~J!it!Bte API
)[, l::~ t) OSfN<i-1tAPI
~iESZ:Ei :f-'7-1-=Mltl:!API
B/.$:&H~t:>~ltMt/f ~~JtfHfiiE~tHt API
=F - 7 L,-- ;:;(jffitf, T-:F:A 1--~ 7~1\?Z~API
13 1/,\~M\llllM t<i, c: AD'/ HIJffiiliAPI t.;,t:_

227
 Co mputer Vision (iffii ~
Cloud Video :51-l!f)
iffii Intelligence Amazon Face (M:5tl!f)
Visual Recognition
~ API (iiJ@i:5tl!i') Rekognition (iffii Video Indexer (fh[iljj:5J'
(@ii~~~)
* Cloud Vision
API ([iljjf~:5ttlf)
~ . J}j OOi :5Tl!f) l!f)
Cont ent Moderator ( :::J
-:..; r-:..;"J71 JL-5' 1J -:..;-7")

Speech to Text (iij)E~

Amazon
Cloud Speech- ~)
Transcribe (iil'/E
to-Text (il' ft~ Text t o Speech (-~ft-g- Speech to Text (.:g.
g ~~)
~) !i)G) ft&~ ~)
flS Amazon Polly
Cloud Text-to- Speaker Recognition (~ Text to Speech (ff
* Speech (~ft
-g-J>X)
(m ft -g-p)G)
Amazon Lex (t-J
~~~)
Speech Translation (ij!
ps-g-p)G)

~)
~)

Natu ral Lang uage

Underst anding (7
Text Analytics ( 7 :f-A 1---
:fA 1---:51-l!f)
7NIT)
Cloud Natural Language
Translator Text (I][R)
Language API Translator (IJ!~)
~ Amazon O&A Maker (Q&Atffit±:l)
;:n ( 7 :f A 1--- :51-~IT) Natural Language
QC Textract (7-:fA Content Moderat o r ( :::J
Cloud Classif ier ( 7 :fA 1---
* Translation API
(ij![R)
1--- tffit±:l) -:_.;T -:_.;") 7-{ ) [., 5' I) -:..;-7")
Language
7J'~)
Personality Insights
Understanding (§~Jl!l
(-!1~:51-~)
Wf)
Tone Analyzer (~
ffl:5T.f!T)

it.b1"tff~ (., "C!. ' .g•M$~-tt- ~:::· A ~fiJifl 9 .g nb1·~~~Z'

CV.,.g ?" -.A-t~ l.\

228
 m~~-~~-~~~~-&~ r ~s~Aim~7-bJ~~U . ~~-~
~i"AA9 0&ffi~iJ!:Iet'i&~ < fitt G *9 o ~~t, *te, L.~ r~s~xAI~.:ofjg 7"-bJ

let-~9 0 ~~X. T l,\*9 o tete G L.~-~ ~let rf!Jitl~h~ < tJ:.0 L. ~J T'
let~<. J.t:<t±i'l2\C:~~90L.~Ic:J:IJ r~teiJ''E>fi~GtJ:.l,\f.J'~d::-51<:, ~

~~htJ:( tJ:,~C b ~~il;f;G*9o

Zl'"JT:::J:Yf:::o.:L - -5'-\-'-T--5'~1~t.J{ riTJ ~ uTt!:I:~.Pic:mnte~'6. 1:-h
let-g:~~WF, ~~ :t~<:' G teo GZl' G~<:'lett±~~lll3l!.z I<: *<:'5~~ G. IT 1;1:7.1<
~ · tJ7. · ~~U15JfjfU;: r -1' :Y 7 7 J ~ tJ:, -:J T l-\*9 o :t 5 6/v, -~~Wt.J'

L: ~ J: ·:Cdci:ff:ttl<: tJ:, 0 I<: let* t2S~F..~;Ift.l'Zl'0 <:" G J: -5o L, iJ' G, :;f~~~ G T

1:-~tlH:fl<:~'lltL T l-\tctcl-\te~tJ:.telc: 1;1:, M:fflt~-~~-:J-1' :Y 7 7 ~ G T~fi'i:J
l- \tt{7" :Y:,; t' JLtt.J'~ c; GtLte let9'c·9 o
ITt.J'-1' :Y 7 7 ~ tJ:, -:J tem1-tic:;B l, \ T, IT~ -5 a:; ( 53'JtlC' '6 0 Zl' c -5 Zl' let, @]
A -\-'Jl::*O)~J\fl:l<:::k::2' tJ:,~~~-S-X. T l- \a:; 9 o !PJ G J.: -51<:, -~~Wt.J'-1' :Y 7
7 ~ tJ:.0 c·~ 6 ?t±~c·ii. l,\f.J'ic:t~{iit~§l~ -5 a::< 531tlT2' 01J't.l'm~ ~ tJ:.
0 c· G J: -5o ~ ld;l,\;t_, AII :Y :Y = :rc-~0Zl'c -5 Zl'ii~'9 G:t~1*it51J *it
lvo M~x~~~'f'¥'11:~ lEG< I-'~~ G, '/- J[., ~ GT~::k::llNI<:)3JtlC' 2' 0 A<:::: 1:-
lf. Ch~G~~~~~-90~C'9o
*te'/ - J[., ~ GT~tM!Hiit~~c·iettJ:. <, ~~~!!m. l<:~!llhte l,\ ~ ~ G tc~C'~
hi;:C *''lU~1-t'i&~ li c; 69 ~ 9 0~lillbHJ'~~Ua:: L- J: "5o M~iit~~ ld:1$Uiili 1J
~~B-c~0k69 , -~~~~~~m0k69~~w~~~~~ .:l ~Y~~~t
~,~f.J\(!5 1J *9t.l'. t!:J::W'F<:''iijB ~ J.: -5 (;: ~IH.I6 tL T l, \0 JFJTtetJ: 7 )[., :::J" 1) 7::b
li, ~M!~ ~,:S\;k~ ~ 1-)._t~[ID 8 6 ~ S tJ:, tc 1<:-S-.:Z T <h0 <:: : ~ <:" l_., J: -5o
:;fift.J' L. h7J' G O){~:fflt~~~~1-t~1:: 2' 0~~0) -!lj] ~ tJ: 0 <:: : ~ ~~ -:J T l- \
a:;9o

229
 'A.I);[]~I::,iAl0.'€ !!(~. f,lljj>), <l' !iO %Z(:;if), ii'iiE ~ !Jil ('it) , ~ 0 l!l!-gB(\!1), f'l:f!l; J!i(~). lffil ;~- (:oi'), ;3iffi ~ (~),
i'fl/Si i=(~). litiE;)i;BJl(li!'), itll..til\'ii0(~). WD i%'JZ (iM), WI II OZ:(li'), ~llH\l('it), .A.IJl1im"F~ ( !£@l (2016)
1-1 7 A 1- -z'"¥,3< AIJll ~~tiHitiJ 'i!'Dll:.:J;: (~) ~l!lit± (201 4)
l l,l!:;i;l:/v"\"~(., \, I,A_I]llJiet"::J;)<A(I)fl.;lj;: AI ·ll'!f.liOF'g(I)>JOlil!ft ( '1.1 !:;1;1:/v"\"~ (., \,l~;lj;:J =;;j;!Jtl!i'l (~) , J;t:!ij!.@: (~)-(
;_,/[.,A (2017)

' AIJl1/i.'l: AIO)J.lii\i1i:>'SJllll\Jt11*"' J:!lilf;j; (~) . ~D ilUtE ('lf) #crLt±HW (2017)

1
t5~S l,1.1AIJl1~gO) •!'!H41!</"1:t - t"AF.Il~I.::,Z,'!l:t.:ll!;i\i1'lflllJ ~ffil'\'51: (~) m;;j(fi(2016)

1 AHDIJilO)Jlf'J'J i'fl!E i.jl;,~ ('!!') :il<:lil7:'Fi±Hili~ (2017) 2t1:i'i.IE!ii:- IIIJ'

'IT TextA.Iffi~£(&U21ii) J .Y£2t-~~('lt), lll/lill'foi';('l!l), ;i<#ili!;li;(~). rt;~M:t:ftB(~) :;t- M±(2016)

' Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge 2012J (http://image-not.orglchallenges/LSVRC/2012fllsvrc2012.pdf)

'Bulk:Jing High-level Features Using Large Scale Unsupervised LearniriQJ

(https//arxiv.orglpdfl11 12.6209.pdf)

It" •y 7'7'-'Y I::},.Ij;flil§.PJ~'ll!'EC:N~Jl.jl:j&ll~J ii'ii!l lal ( '8) <jlj}ffil!f (2016)

'Z:IIH~ffiJ (http://www.xin.xin/#/de1aii/1-0-0)
1
MLP'-' 1) - ::l:iru\il~la'i.J ~Ell 1£1!! ( l!f) !illltif± (2017)
lifD!J'"> j'f i>Deep Learningt!Di:>'St\''"Deep Lernin g J lliM' ""~ (~) :;t5 -1 ') - Japen (2016)

fj:j)r.£0)':t5'Y·m 7 J~ (o;:! A 7--1 'Y? @1'1.!7Nii) J

(https://omedstu.jimdo.com/2018/09/16/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%88%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%
E3%82%AF%E5%9B%9E%E5%B8%BO%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90/)

'IO!~"FJ..FlJ ~:J;!.;!::":Ft!Jii&~ Jl<JR7:"1'fl.~'f'llllt'i!t!if'~~ (Iii) (1991)

' Iris Data Se1J (h1tps://archive.ics.uci .edu!mVdatasets/iris)

·THands-On Machine Learning wi1h Scikit-Learn and TensorFiowJ Aurnlien Geron (1!11) O'Reilly Media (2017)

''PythoniJ!IAiit'F~ 7 D 7 7 .;: :_., 7 , Sebastian Raschka, (~) Vahid Mi~alili c:m

'r':t-1 :..-;1-t" 7'- 'Y':t-1 I /7'--i A 1- O)JBfri'Ui? Jll9@;j<)E;;j;!!iiJ
(t\ttps://assign-navi.jp!magazine/consultanVc41.11tml)

TIJ!l~';!\' 7 0 7 lll10@l ;;\:)E*(: 7/7b 7 ,- 1..- A ~ -rttr<;"h@A (https://alphaimpac t.jp/2017/03/30/decision-tree/)

'~l;!;<:&f:t O)to &i>O)'T-'Y"'t-1 I / A \!f\lj:!;;;x:.;;:J=. y ') :..--7, (http://data-science.tokyo/ed/edj1 -5-3.html)

' WEB ARCH LABO MNIST 7'-9 O)j±~~lmrtl L, J: "5 J (https://weblaba.oscasierra.neVpythonlai-mnist-data-detail.html)

,. sakit·learn Dataset loading utilities, (11ttps://scikiH,arn.orgistable/datase1si1ndex.htmllttoy-datasets)

I Pcon-AI M?<'l"~ -o -c? J (https://pconbt.jp/mllanding/)

r ? 7 A 9 ') :..-7 (: 1..- :::J.>( / 7' - ;., ~ /l'!~4J !!lEil >$!'!' (ht1ps://www.slideshare.neVssuserb5817c/ss- 70472536)
<
' "C? ~ / 07' '} 7::Z9 ') /70)JEJ!ly Jta • r; )Cb 'K-means;tiJ ~ t: V :J.J'5-17GTJi.t::.J
(ltttp://tech.nitoyon.com!jalblog/2009/04/09/kmeans-visualise/)

rengedget Wa1ch AlphaGo vs. Lee Sedd (update: AlphaGo won) J

(https :/ / wNw.engadget .com/2016/03/12/watch-alphago-vs-lee-sedol-ro und-3-live-right -now/?guccounter= 1&guce_reformr=aHR
OcDovl2Jsb2cuYnJhaW5wYWQuY28uanAvZW50cnkvMjAxNy8wMi8yNC8xMjE1MOA&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAADMUSPSQ3nWI
pWnXrTa6NoN7BWck4_cnl4w-0Fl-L<)ahMyFHMZVgiz6R- HVcHIIa4FCteCPLYexaoQ7VDTK3R4n3phVg5Ztg7Pt_unVFCrtuK9SI-_
Eklhs13s__Ne8NfaGP541duAhpQ_go7ohrQOKsG2yBO_yJDBPTzroPk_gC8)

' Sides"'pe ~it'l'll\' J (http://kazoo04.hatenablog.com/entry/agi-ac-14)

r~z'T Y'Y J~Y 'J ::1 - ;., 3 :--7J!bt~f± 7'-< - 77-=. ::--71J<i!< : ;~ il"llil<JL'f'lll'J
(https//wv.w.toshiba-sol.ca.jpltech/saVcase/1804_1.htm)
1Gym classic controiJ (https://gym.openai.com/ envs/liclassic_contml)

230
'i\*;!;1'1J,l< 7- ?-tt1.:r::..-T.,- A f-0):10?' 'I'!C~'i':l::l!U';Oi!IO)llf.~,, l;l:~ 'HIIGt~S.il!.~ 'OlfJ'J
(hllpsJ/tjo.hatenablog .comlenlly/2015109/17/1 !XXXXJ)

'.!I'~BIJ iliPI\ll&jjlj ;ii!I~E~ ~ft · ~lJ'.O)'f~~:&V'lll.ifili~J

(httpsJ/www.e-stat.go.jplstat-searchlflle-download?statlnfld-=000031685238&fileKincJ=,Q)

'~!iii, @llit~ll/t'-'t!t'l"l.ii"lt.l'l;?Ol!J'? 1 i!!lffl ~-fill (https:l/qllta.comiKan Nishidalrternsl8ab8553bl lc'o 57c772d)

r Aimtm(J)Ifl.S!::, (https://www.ai-gakkai.or.jp/what sai/Aihtstory.lttml)

r~~J;!+oLAB. [J!::~J:Iii] R !tll;!tii=(J)jj!!!JH;J:W?Il' S ? i!!\'1- · B>:>O)::E!li!.><-:IJ-(J).'!Hi! lcifH,,

(https:/{Jidounten-tab.com/y_1314)

' IEEE SPECTRUM Pittsburgh's AI TraffiC Signals W~ Make Driving Less 13oflngJ (httpsJ/spectrum.ieee.org/cars-that-thtnkl
roboticslartificial-inteligencelpittsburgh-smart-tmffic-signals-will-make-drMng-loss-boring)

r AI~~I:: t: ·y ?''T- 7 O)~l!l!:t"O))il;!llJ

(https:llwww.nomuraholdings.com{jplsef\/iceslzaikailjoumallpdf/p_201701_02.pdf)

r=rv?J~1 /'<- ~3:..- ~ltl~Jt~toU~AJr.5fflJ

(hnps:l/www.nn.coml-/media/Cot-porateljp/Files/POFiknowledge/publicatlonlkinyu itf/2018/081itf_201808 l.pdf)

r pR TIMES ' ScibkisJ (AI(tl!ii!<'/'1!\') ~ ffi~' rc :r l v :f 'J :;(bi.:J; ~ DSPJ:Z;'ilrEIIIJill!lllm~it Y ') • -~ 3 ~) 0)1::1.+-1~- f. 7-
~:t t [., c7 f' 7 l.- ·y-? A !Pt - t: A !IJIH!Il~~~ (hllps://prtimes.Jp/mainlhtmVrdlp/000000029.000016900.html)

' tTY 'J ;,_-~ 3 :..-<.!: [Jlll~] ::J l.-1 '!l<"t'~l.l'~Jv- IG'<-Atlll!~~BJ
(tlttps:llblogs.ltmedia.co.jpfrtsoluUonjuku/201611Olpost_308.html)

•iillo"1'~!1.l~l!tllt$g'l,-f!M -~(~). <PtiJ •C,:t:('i'), i!!i# iJ: (ti) 71'51 'J - V'\'1~:..- (2018)
'keywatker WebA? v1 ~/?' 1: I;I.J (hllps://Www.keywalker.c:o.ptweb-<:raW1er/web-scraping.hlml)

'WebAPII<:? ~' -r: (J) lii!IJlJ @busyoumono99 (hnps:J/qiitacomlbusyoumono99frtems/9b5ffd35dd521 bafce47)

'Pythoni<:J: ~A-? t.--1' t:":-?'&l!lllt'i':l!'l M~7'-? ::: "'-?,? V51R1'HIL(ii) Y ~ b (2016)

' PythiCniCJ:'O>? D - 5-& A-? l.--{ ~/?'i\J"l ilt~ · Jl!l 'l¥.il'Slil(!.l7'-~(J)~!fi*l'JiJD!Ii l!i;-!3 (lti'), l)iltlJ It!*(~) 1Jj;,;
t± (201 7)
rtnstruction of chemoinformallcs 11iLt~(itill'il1! 1:: 1§!~;1\'E =r i~ O)~(ilj,
(hnps:/iflmatsu-lab.{)thub.lo/opon-course-ware/basic-theory/accurao;·lndexl)

r$/fitWEB ~:g(W,Ill: c !ll-"!lll!l~IS:.J (https://bellcurve.jplstatisticslcourse/9706.hlml)

' lll&fJ'SO!i!JU.;:Ill:'i'!*l:', ~liA9~M\il!,L,t~-tt1 ~ ~'~~'bt.i:L'(:il:O)tlt~i; (RMSE, MAEf.;:c) J
(https:l/mathwords.nellrmsemae)

r"<1 :;(o<J~iAi~ (Bayesian OptirlliZ8llon) O)i\r'Jc -'f(J)ItiiJJ issei sato

(https://www.slideshare.neVISSel_satolbayesian-optimization)

~~~iJI'l'l'l't "- 7 - • ::l:;t:~~O (https:llwww.slideshare.neVpfV20120t05-pfi)

I Da1aCarnp Active Learning: Curious AJ .AJgorithmsJ
(https://www.datacamp.comlcommunity/tutorials/active-O.arning)

rAn Introduction to Probabilistic Programming, (https:l/arxiv.org/pdl/1809. 10756.pdf)

rpyMC3 Lets look at what the classifier has teamed,

(https://oocs.pymc.K>Inotebookslbay&S&an_neural_network_advi.hlml)

'bgj!l\:1 f,'J~;;t"* .ffl'ltfK•IX. :iEO)IfllliJ. i'l 0l11li~IJ (hrtp:l/rnl-net.vis.ne.jp/ADFE_mall0208.hlml)

'*~1-itiliPIJs I:I;li'l"C'J.!H; 7-< -Jv f' "'-"*' fll!ll! ~-I<'! (https:l/prem<Jm.toyokcizai.nel/articlesl-/1690t )

r :p-:$'7J"!JTO)jJ !D ~Il<J~ICi!HI!i!!~it J fll!lii}-MJ(~)o6$:7'- 9'71.I:/A Vol. 3( 2017)

r hidden technical debt in machine learning systemsJ

(hllps:l/papers.nips.cc/ paper/5656-hlddon-tcchnical-debl-in-machtne learning-systems.pdf)

r hdden technical debt in machine klarning systems,

(https://storage.googleapis.comlpub-tools-public-pubicat<Jfl·da1alpdf143146.pdl)

TD&ep Sequence Modelng MIT 6.S1 g1 J

(http:/flntrotodeepleaming comlmatenals/20 t 9 6S191 _L2.pdf)

TMIT Deep Learning Basics: Introduction and Ovef\liewJ Lex Fridman

(https:l/www.youtube.ccm/watch?v"05xeyoRL95U&Iist=PlrAXtmErZgOeiKm4sgNOknGvNiby9efdf)

231
 'Deep Learning BaslcSJ (https:/!www.dropbox.com/slc0g3sc1 shi63x3q/doep_leaming_baslcs.pdfldi;Q)

'OpenAI A mn-exhaus1ive, bu1 useful taxonomy of algof~hms in modern RLJ

(https://spinningup.openal.com/en118test/splnnlngup/rl_11tro2.html)

' Introduction to Deep Reinforcement Learnir>QJ (https:/!www.dropbox.com/slwekmw45omd266o/deep_rUntro.pdf?di~D)

rActor-Critic Algo<ilhmSJ (http://rail.eecs.berl<eley.edu/deeprlcourse/static/slid9Silec-6.pdf)

' MIT 6.8091: Introduction to Deep Aeinfoo:ement learning (Deep AI..) J Lex Fridman
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v~zR11 R2-09M&list~PlrAXtmErZgOeiKm4sgNOknGvNjby9efdf)

' MIT 6.8191: Deep Relnforoement Learning, Alexander Amini

(https:l/wwwyoutube.corn/watch?v; i6Mi2_QM3rA&Jist=PllBw6n)QAU-rwp5_7COONI26ZgjG9NI)

'introduction to autoencoders.J (https:!/www.jeremyjordan.me/autoencodersl)

' ResearchGate Ag 1- uploaded by Xifeng GuoJ

(https:l/blog.sicara.com/keras-tutorial-content-based-image-retrieval-coniiOk.rtionai-denoising-autoencoder-clc9145Qcc511)

'D~'!\'7.-9- ~7·y/~ 'J - 7 <::t1.>'6:6t>ll'7.>~11~WJo..r,,U.A.(<lil);,llilH±'t-O:::.-:;'-r 7-r? (2017)

' Towards Data Science Generative Adversarlal Networks (GANs) -A Beginner's GuideJ

(https://towardsdatasclence.corn/generatlve-adversarial-networks·gans-a-beginners-guide-Sb38eceece24)

'UNSUPERVISED REPRESENTATlON LEAIRNING WITH DEEP CONVOLUTIONAL GENERATIVE AOVERSARIAL NETWORKS•

(https://arxiv.org/pdV1511.06434.pdf)

'~~tllOJI!I!le il< c ov.>, @mshinoda88 (https://qita.com/mshinoda88frterns/9770ee671 ea27f2c81a9)

' Object detection: speed and accuracy comparison (Faster R-CNN, R-FCN, SSD, FPN, RetinaNet and YOLOv3) J Jonathan Hur
(https://medium.com/@jonathan_huVobject-detectlon-speed-and-accuracy-cornparison-faster-r-cnn-r-fcn-ssd-and-yolo-
5425656ae359)

tDeepCiuster"t'iOJI1J1t? 7 :;r, -'1 'J >7 [., <'Phto:fJ'-, t.:, ,..,_-g-"5/v

(http://pesuchln.hatenablog.com/errtry/201 !V12/1 !V092150)

'Cornell UniverSity Deep Oustering for UnsuperAsed Learning of Visual FeattreSJ

(htlps://arxiv.org/abs/1 007.05520)

'RankRed 8 Best Artificial lnteligence Programming Language in 2019J

(https://www.rankred.com/best-artiflcial-lnt~llgence-programming-language/)

'llOBE Index for July 2019 Jtiy Headline: Peri is one of the victims of Python's hype, (nttps:/!www.tlobe.com/liobe-index/)

r scikit-learn Choost->g the rlglt estimatorJ (https://scikit-leam.org/stable/lutoriaVmacline_learnlng_map/index.html)

'Deep Learr1ng Framewotl<s 2019J Siral Raval (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v:SJidOOs4v88)

'lowards Data Science And here's the pretty chart again showing the final power sccxes.J (https:/ltowardsdatascience.com/
deep-learning-frameworl<-power-scores-2018-23607ddf297a)

'Medium Breaking down Neural Networl<s: An Intuitive approach to Backp ropagation Computational graph for the example f=
(a+b) (b+c) with a= - 1, b = 3 and c = 4.J (nttps://medium.com/spldern~reaking-down-noural-networks-an-intuijlve­
approach-to-bad<propagation-3b211958794c)

'lensorRow TensorSoard: Vosualizing LearningJ (https:/twww.teosorflow.org/guide/surrrnaries_and_teosooboard)

'TensorAow 2.0 ChangesJ Aurelien Geron (https://www.youtube.com/watch~WTNHOtcscqo)

~TensorFiow TensorFiow:£1)! -, -r JJ. ':(, J (https://www.tensorfow.org/get_started/mnist/pros)

'Deep MNIST for Experts Build a Multilayer Convolutional NetworkJ

(https:/lweb.archive.org/web/201711190147581https:/!www.tensor11ow.org/get_started/mnisVpros)

' GitHlb keraslexamples/mnist_cnn.pyJ (https://glrub.comlkeras-teamll<eraslblob/master/examples!rMist_cnn.py)

c
'Microsoft Azure ONNX Azure Machine Learning:ML '!: 7 J~QJ('l'lil< ll!ll!ftJ c
(https://docs.mlcrosoft.comlja-jp/azure/machine-learnlng/service/concept-onnx)

'GitHub chainer/examples/mnistl1rain_mnlst.pyJ (https://github.com/chal'ler/chainerlblob/masler/exampleslmnist/train_mnist.py)

rcuoA/iliJ.li!GPU :1 0 ?'7"'~?'Jo..l"lJ ll'iHBJfill (llf) JH0~7. 7'.b. (2010)

'Yahoo''T'"'-l:t •yit--1-•Y ~ 'J - ? YahooJJAPANtl'!t{!\97.>7''f7. 1-IW~WebAPtJ

(htlps://develope<.yahoo.co.jp/webapiljlp/)

232
'goo7;r. APIJ (https:/~abs.goo.ne.jp/api!)

~"dacoma Developer support APU (https://dev.smt.docomo.ne.jpl?p=docs.api.index)

V 1) -7 Jl - 1-- TalkAPI DEMOJ (https://a3rt .recru!Hech .co.jp/)

f Google Cloud AI l::~~\<>1'i"Jll' 0)70 5I -7 f- J (https://cloud.google.com/products/ai/)

raws Al't- t: 7- J (https://aws.amazon.com/jplmachine -learning!ai-services/)

' Microsolt Azure Cog nitive ServicesJ (https://azure.mlcrosoft.corrVja-jp/serviceslcog nitive-servlces/)

'IBM Watoson ~~- <· fi!!;Zi5Watson API/17- t:' .A -~J

(https:/fwww.ibm.com/watson/jp-ja/developercloud/services-catalog .html)

' sclkit-learn 1.1. Generalized Unear ModelS~ (https://scikit-learn.org!stable/rnodules.llinear_rnodel.htrr; )

r Analytlcs Vidhya This can be verif"'d by looking at too plots generated for 6 rnodelsl This woold generate th€ following plot A
(https://www.analyticsvidhya.c om/blog/2016/01 /complete-tutorial-ridge-lasso-regression-python/)

rwz.''"'·3m I\ A f- l!I':<EJ @sfchaos (https://www.slideshare.neVsfchaos/r-7773031)

'Robotics - 4.3.3 - RAN SAC - Random sample Consensus IJ Bob Trenwith
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BpOK830 zQBQ)

e"Support Vector Machir1es for Classification These instances are called the support vectors. The distance between the edges uf
-the street' is c alled marg1n./ It 1s quite sensitive to outliers.J (https://mubaris.corn/posts!svrn/)

I ResearchGate Predicting Top-of-Atmosphere Thermal Rad iance Using MERRA-2 Atmospheric Data w ith Deep Learni ng,
(https ://www.researchgate.neVpublicat ion/320916953_Predicting_Top-of-Atmosplhere_Thermai_Radiance_Using_ MER RA- 2_
Atmospheric _Data._with_Deep_Learning/]gures?lo~1Figure 5)

f ::J ::..-<tWl'T'- -$'174 I /7'1 A 1-- One class SVM I~J: -Mtn l!l.i~JOI<:c:>L' -cU: ~tc. hktech
(http:/Jnktech .hatenablog.com/entry/ 2018/10/11 /235312)

r sciklHearn The advantages of support vector machines are:J

(https://scikit-learn.org/stabkl/mocukls/svm.html#svm-cO!sslfiCatlon)

' w kit-klarn ClassificatlonJ (https://scikit-klarn.org!stable/rnoduleslsvm.html#svm-classi]callon)

't:li~1.1! 1lt:t.i(4 ) J;I!)E;;j.:l::~'l<~ Reduced-ErrorPruningJ!i;# i;?,A.

(http://Www.sakurai.comp.ae.keio.ac.jp/classeslinfosem-class/2004/04DTandOverFitting.pdl)

rouora What is the interpretation and intuitive explanation of Gini impurity in decision trees?.L
(https://vwvw.quora.comiVVhat-is-the-lnterpretation-and-i ntuitive-explanation-of-Gini-impurity-in-decision-trees)

r ;p :.-<t ::,; 7' JV'l'-'ll' (Ensembkl learning) 1::; ICJ.. 'T •y 1-- ;tilT (basket ana,.sis) J @nirP"'rm
(https:/ /qiita.c om/nirP"'rmlitems/318d7e21 0c069373f8d2)

' Medium Figure 3 BaggingJ (llttps://medium.com/better-programminglt1ow-to -develop-a-robust-algoritllm-c38e08132201 )

' Medium Understanding AdaBcostJ (https://towardsdatasclence.comlund erstanding-adaboost-2f94f22d5bfe )

'Medium Random Forest Simple Exp O!nationJ

(https://medium.corn/@wllliamkoohrsen/random-forest-simple-explanatlon-37789 5a60d2d)

rMedium So i1 we train a Random Forest Classifier on these predictions of LR,SVM,KNN we get better resui!S.J
(https://medium .com/@gurucharan_33981/stacking -a -su per-learning-t echnique-dbed06b1 156d)

rw ikimedia Commons File:Neuron Hand-tuned.svg~

(https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki!File:Neuron_Harl(Huned.svg)

• Restncted Bolt zmann Machine (RBM) , Deep Belief Network (Hinton, 2006) J
(http//www."slon.is.tohoktl.ac.jp/~ les/93 1 3/6601 /7876/CVIM_tut orial_deep_learnlng .pdf)

f FAST AND ACCURATE DEEP NETWORK LEARNING BY EXPONENTIAL LINEAR UNITS (ELLIS) Figure I J
(https://arxlv.org!pdf/1511 .07289.pdf)

rTesorFiowJ (https://playgrourid.tensorflow.org/)

rGoogle Oouid tll~'J<l!f(!)'::>--7 7 o-,

(https://clouid .google.comlml-englr'e/docs/tensorflow/ml-solutions-overview?hl ~ja)

233
 ~5 1 In dex
8c~ 7JL-7rl'l(·;~ 1'-
t -greedy$ ....................................... 192
Attention ............................................. 188
CAE (Convolutional Autoencoder) .... 198
Census ................................................. 63
Chainer ............................................... 223
Changing Anything Changes Everything
......................................................... 098
Cityscapes Dataset ............................ 208
CNTK (Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit) ... 222
CPU .................................................... 224
DAE (Denoising Autoencoder) .......... 198
Define-and-Run .................................. 218
Define-by-Run .................................... 218
DL4J (DeepLearning4J) .................... 223
DSP (Demand-Side Platform) ............. 56
Elastic Netl91~ ................................... 107
end-to-end ......................................... 207
e-Stat .................................................... 63
Experience Replay .............................. 191
False Negative : il%~11 ....................... 83
False Positive : ~!l;tt ........................ 83
fast.ai ......................................... ......... 223
F fift (f-score) ........................................ 85
GAN (~X<J-8(]~Ji.lt ;?. ·:; I- '7- ?) ........ 200
Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) ............. 186
GPU .................................................... 224
Java .................................................... 213
Kaggle .................................................. 33
Keras ....................................... ........... 221
kil:if~;* .............................................. 134
K- 71~3.::ii~U
(K-fold ? [J .Ar\ 1) 7 - :/3 /) ........ 78
k-¥i$J$ .............................................. 136
L1 :iUIHt ............................................ 107
L21U IHt ............................................ 107
Leave-one-out 3t:ii .............................. 79
234
Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) ..... 186
MAE ( .sp:i$J*f!!X<J~ji) ............................ 82
matplotlib ............................................ 217
mecab ................................................. 216
Membership Query Synthesis .............. 92
Min-Max .A-T - 1) / 'f ......................... 68
Momentum SGD ................................. 171
MXNet ................................................. 222
NLTK ................................................... 216
NumPy ................................................ 215
NVIDIA Tesla K80 ............................... 225
One-Class SVM .................................. 111
One-Hot I / :J -7 1 / 1' .................. 66
One-s hot ~~ ..................................... 177
ONNX (Open Neural Network Exchange)
........................................................ 222
OpenAI Gym ....................................... 195
OpenCV .............................................. 216
Open Images Dataset ......................... 208
pandas ................................................ 215
Pool-Based Sam ping ........................... 92
Python ................................................ 211
PyTorch ............................................... 220
Q~N ....................................... .......... 191
Qfii ........................................... .. .. .. ...... 39
R2 (;1c:lE:i~~) ............................ .. .. ....... 82
RANSAC (Random Sample Consensus)
...... ................................................... 105
region proposal method ................ ..... 206
REINFORCE ....................................... 193
REP (reduced error pruning) ............. 11 5
RMSE (-¥n-¥i$J ::.~~:ii) .................. 82
RMSprop ............................................ 171
R~~ ................................................. 212
SAMME .............................................. 11 9
Scibids .................................................. 56
scikit-learn .......................................... 215
 ~51 Index

sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq) ... 187 )/&$~ ................................................... 86

SGD (!li$9~1!1re~"f$ ) ...... ............. 171 ~~-=t-T'Jv ............................................ 17
sliding window method ....... .. ............. 205 ~'a'i¥ ............................... .................... 75
Sonnet ................................................ 222 ~~$<1)~:iE ...................................... 171
Stream-Based Selective Sampling ....... 92 fli$8'\J7'D'f7 2_ /'f~Mj ................ 129

SVM .................................................... 108 1\itl./8 ........................................... 20, 149

TensorBoard ....................................... 219 1\int::. 7 1- !-" ' ' ·:; '7 Jv-7' ............. 100
Tensorflow ......................................... 219 1.JO!i:iftS.I ............................................. 117
Theano ................................................ 222 iiiDfi!~~ ............................................. 156

TPU ..................................................... 224 i!11fl:: ~~ .......................................... 150

Transfomer .......................................... 188 :IJ7' :::i' 1) 7 - $1 .......... .. ......... .... ........... 66

True Negative : Ji~tt ......................... 83 ~~ .................. .......................... .. ........ 70

True Positive : Ji~1'i ........................... 83 ~~<1)1;)~ ( i~~) .......................... .... 169

VAE (Variational Autoencoder) .......... 199 U.iliU~~ ............................................. 133
Vfi ....................................................... 39 U.i!llji!£~ ............................................. 201
Warren .................................................. 55 .#,!!~$~ ............................................... 16
Word2Vec ........................................... 161 .#,!!~$~/' J(., : j' I) /;'J.,.,<1))K:}R ............... 60
YOLO .................................................. 207 r.IUJ&~~ -tt- I:: 'A ....................... ........ 226
til~111!R ............................................. 162
(f.,j' ~c~::ta ............................................... 23
7' ') "::t '':/ :J 7"~~ ............................. 75 Ufttffi~ ............................................... 95
lli!c~'2' ............................................... 16 ~rfil3 21EJ~f07tf;Jb:if:I$.J (SARIMA)
7"/ -tt /::f n· ~~ ............................... 11 6 ......................................................... 132
Jlf~ll\J7' Jv :::1' 1J 'A' .1..>.. .... ................. 89, 144 :\'- '\' 7'~ 3 /~lilG ............................... 159
~ti:iftS.i (MA) ............................ ...... 132 5~11::$~ .................................... ... 38, 190
::t - " I./ :J- 5( .................. ... .. ........ 196 ~~ili.tli J ~~ ............... .... .. ................... 30
::t - 1- 7-~- = :-.-? ........... .... .... .......... 88 ~~iliid: [.,~~ ........................................ 34
::t 7 71 /$~ ................. ................... 74 }ii)PJT~Ji ......................... .................... 167
~JJ. ................................. .. ................. 148 JiiJpJi:ft)OO~~ .......................................... 170
.g.~.g.liJG ............................................. 164 ).frjij~Ji ............................................... 87
'1iiF!'Mlr.l .................... .... ..................... 164 MJ.JJ..g.t.>-tHI~ .................................. 144
::t /71 /~'a .................................... 75 '7 7 'A $1 1) / 'f ...... .. ............................ 36
'f I) ·:; 1-"-f.t -'f- .................................... 88
J j ~~~~~Ji ............................................... 72
:n - *Jv 1- IJ ·:; -7 ............................... 11 o ~11 ~7- $1 ........................ .. .................. 30
n-:i:Jv$ .......................................... 11 0 ff~:>t = ~- 0 / .................................. 152
IEJ~ ...................................................... 18 ff~l!ll~MtT .......................................... 161
il!JIIl\J '7 7 'A $1 1) /'f ............. ............. 36 i;l(:iE;;f: ................................................. 112
:IJ '} / 1- I./:::J - 71 /'/ ...... ............ 66 ~]ii./1-D~-~Ji .......................... ~

235
 frl!l ...................................................... 39
~i!fi:~""f)! .......................................... 169
~re;111~rp,n ...................................... 173
1il~:7'-.A71 /'} ........................... 122
~~i2'!{~tl$ (I~'/ 7 7" 0 1~-T-::,. 3 / )
......................................................... 167
: :] * 7 ::,. 3 =-.A' J.. ................................. 23
)~.g-fi?IJ ............................................... 83
~fj
jij1j~ =. .:2. -7 Jt.- ;?-. ·:~ 1- '7- 7 (RNN)
..................................... .. .................. 184
jij~lfHz Jt.- ......................... .. .................. 185
jijl~$ (Recall) .................................... 84
ijj;Jji_::J!~:$ .......................................... 102
Jii;Jm{t ................................................. 142
iiir:tfftlE: ................. .. .. .. .. .. .................. 126
-if"#- t-«7 ~ -"::,. / .................... 108
-if"#- t-«7 1-Jt.-lf!)')i (SVR) ............ 111
zlf*1~JH ............................................... 28
~~IJn (Discriminator) ....................... 200
:/~/-Tf ""~~ .................................. 173
Pil~?IJ~HIT .......................................... 130
;.~j[;l!jlj)~ ....................................... 37, 138
*J[;O)n}(.~' .......................................... 139
El c!EJ~ (AR) .................................... 132
El c !EJ9if~l!J.!j!.:l$J (ARMA) ................ 132
13 c!EJ9if071~1JJ.!j!.t.$.J (ARIMA) ........ 132
El cffiP-11 ............................................. 131
E1 ~~~~H/11! ...................................... 160
::E/OC71MIT ...................................... .... 141
)i'j{~:jl ...................................... ..... ... ... 166
t.UIHI~il .......................................... 141
::,. / ~.:!. 7 IJ T 1 ................................. 13
J...I9illliE ............................................... 12
J...I9ill~E 7 1 ·f7 1J ........................... 210
~111s~ ;?-. ·:~ 1- '7 - 7 (DBN) ........... 154
fftiE:~ ii (Validation Loss) .................. 87
.A ?l...-f t::' / 'f ( 7 CJ- IJ /-~;1") .......... 64
236
.A'T - 1J / 1
/ ...................... .................. 68
.A~ ·:~ '\'- / 'f ...................................... 121
iEM$ (Accuracy) ............................... 84
.iEm71til ............................................... 41
~JOCn (Generator) ............................ 200
.iEJ!IHt&'J'=•$ ............................... 106
ffi!J~-:>~#Jt.- ';1"/":// (RBM) .... 154
U:ff~71- ............................................. 109
~*6-g-JI (Full Connected Layer) ...... 181
~'!±:at~ ..................................... 197, 201
~~~* ................................................. 144
91f:lt (;tlj.lj I) ) ............ .. ...... .. ........ ....... 115
*§1*1~1if- ............................................... 94
5l.l!15rPJ RNN (Bidirectional RNN) ........ 187
'./ 7 1- ::J / 1::".:2.- 7 1 / 'f .................. 27
'./ 7 1- " - :/ / SVM .......................... 109
til~~*!~ ............................ ................. 167
1tfi
')[- 1- " .A ~ni .................................... 23
~1 /XJ...I1iiJ~g:i-J.. .......................... 25
~2/XJ... I 1iiJ~gj'-J.. .......................... 26
~3/XJ...I1illliE7· - J.. .......................... 27
:k~liii®M .......................................... 170
M~:3£fft! ............................................... 68
M~'li :/ .A 7 J.. ...................................... 164
~J}'t<t!EJ~; ....... ................................... 104
~11;J:HJ~1i .......................................... 103
~~;~ ................................................. 11 7
:l:,i~j.}6,i~j.=..:~.-7Jt.-;?.·:~ 1- '7-'7 (CNN)
.............. ..................................... ...... 180
.!jl.lf!)!)i ................................................. 102
%i~'J...I1illlm ........................................ 13
=-
71 - :1 .:1. -7 Jt.- ;?-. ·:~ 1- '7- 7 ...... 149
71 -7"7- =./'f ............................. 20
:O::~J1l: ................................................. 148
)i.g-$ (Precision) ............................... 85
~l~~~ ....................................... ...... 174
*1t:ilt .................................... .. .. .. ............ 40
 ~51 Index

............................................. 175
~i\'r.R~IIltl:l
~i\'~? ·:; / .......................................... 182
~i\'r.R.ii: ············································· 20, 45
~i\'~-~~t ............................................ 45
~i\'1 t!M A.I ~O~~ .................................... 14
I'" j. 1 /)~ ~ ...................................... 176
I'" j. 1 ;....)M-&!J ...................... ................ 174
~· Q ·:; /7 rJ r- .................................. 149
~rr
.=.l - 7 Jv.::f..·:; t- '7-? .............. 20,1 49
;f.. ::t :::J ? .= I- D / ............ .... ............... 155
jtgjj)~ ~ ....... ... ....... .............. .......... ...... 90
./-!'" ............................. .... ........ 14 9, 166
r;;rr
I ~ - 'E 7 ' f- Q / ........ .... .. . ....... ............ 148
l\ 1 1~-l 't 7;t.-9 ....................... 61, 86
r\ rJ ;.... 7 1 ;.... ~hf ·:; ? :;;z .................... 204
1\=¥;...-'f ............................................. 118
iill!Ulli (iU Ht:rli) ...... ...... .................. 106
1\ ·:; 7 ~~ .......... ...... .. .......................... 74
/ ~ 7 j. - 9 ...................... ...................... 16
.'J'Im1J1!f (oracle) ........ ...... ...................... 92
5RfflA.I~ IiE ........................................ 14
~~= mMI'l'iJ? 7 :;;z 9 IJ ;.... 'f ...................... 36
1:::'·:;?7- 9 ........................................ 16
~~= ~~:X ............................................. 170
+l~1t ........ ... .. .... ... ............................... 68
77 1 /7.l-.=;....? ........................ 175
7 1 - I" 1\ ·:; ? Jv- / .......................... 99
·:f- A-7- 1 ;.... ? (boosting) ................ 11 9
7· - I- A I- 7 ·:; /'$. ........................... 11 8
7' -IJ /1'JI( Pooling l ayer) ........... 181
~.J5-1 t (7 :::1 - I") .............................. 197
1<!-J5-1t (.I/:::J - I'") .......................... 197
4mit~tl:l ............................................. 158
1i11.(J)*iil~ (negative transfer) .............. 176
7 1/ -].,.'7 - ? .................................. 2 18
1tiiH'H J!. ............................................. 161
3Z::Iit~f.J ...................... .. ..................... 162
)t~ft ................. .... .. ............................... 18
:lj!f.;J .................................................... 11 7
:lj!f.;)= * ~f£ ......... ...... ......................... 32
«1 ;z'~ ili .......................................... 126
«1 ;z'1i);JM1t ............ ...... ...................... 89
/'( 1 ;z'tt:lE .......................................... 126
« 1 ;z'(J):lf:!f ...................................... 127
JJ'#f .......................... .... ........................ 39
1J'#f1!lllC'Ji. .......................................... 192
;t- Jv 1"7 '7 ~- ~~iE ........ ..................... 78
*rr · '('.>fr · srr
""'<' ·:; ? A 7' - 1) ;.... ? (Max Po oling) ... 183
"Jv79 :;;z ?~'g' ............................... 177
*~~ .......... . ....................... ... ............. 86
~.=1'1 ·:; 7 ............................................ 75
'E- l"iili:tl .................................... ...... 203
El l'l'iJ!l.!l~ ............................................. 168
'E 7 Jv .... ............................... .......... 17,70
99~ 'AI~ fiE ........... .. .. ......................... 13
7 ·:; './@J1i .......................................... 107
5«Jvi /:::J-71/'/ ...................... 66
5r( J v i-:t~7-9 ................................. 30
5 ;.... "/ .L. -if- 7 .......... .... ...................... 89
5 ;.... -'j' J.,. 7 ::t 1/ :;;z r- ........................... 120
Mft1t ................................................... 68
~~1~ ............ .. ..................................... 31
I) •:; :J@Ji; .......................................... 107
D V'A7-1·:;?@]~ ........................... 124
Q V' AT 1 ·:; ?~tlt ( :/ 1'-'E 1 ~·~~ )
......................... ..... ........................... 124
Q I "i :;;l. I- (iilifi.t) @l ~j ......................... 105

237
 L.lJ D i¥~ (-¥> il:: ¢ "5 tc? ~ )
l*:It~1± 7 1' 7" ~ - I / :Y =. 7 o Aidemy Premium Plan 'c: t-3 \,\ -r:, ~
-~~~~~-~~~--~~7D75~/7IDmM~6, -~~
~--~~~~ ~biD•= *~~7~D -7~7~~.
-}:;_~ ~ (;J: =t f::" 1) ~ -1 ID El ltl ~ *i:~fil\i'~ :WI51: l.J -r: \,' tc t, (J) ID, 1~~

~--.:> -r: \. \tdtll~M(J)~fUt-r•emiD~:t:~iS ~c:~-~~ID PJ~g·t1:~ ~ G,

AI I / ';]=.7 ttJ:~o
•aiDR~~, A I~-t~ M~ ID~~-~A~ID~t~OO~,
q<~1: ~f\Cf.l' 6}?Jt,\""( t,\fcR~~l'lHf!lfS.Jic:::., ~JOf~~IDf&X~~J;.
)j,~o

t'E EB ;¥ ~ (il::?tc u-.o~ ~ )

l*rt ~1± 7 1' 7" ~-I/';} =. 7 o Aidemy Premium Plan 5NM~ 'c: ~
~ ~'11[r,,@J* · :1J? / ~ ') /7"'\-', AidemyiD~ft~.iEI<::~b-Qo
51;.1.< I<J:Y::*I±L~·o ~t::ff~q<ID~~ IDJ(SI,\,\IfH;J:, 2 i'flf!,.\l ~ID:IJ0$:1E
•~wmuk~t.-~~x*~~<•~~~-~T-Q~t~*~
-r: \,\fc {, IDID, }:;_~tt~tfl I<:: I~3;'dc: ~ G, {~\Hiil:~~ I / ';}=. 7 t
~~.R~~, B~*tmSM*ID~~-~M~~~M(J)~ftiD
~~1~~, ~~ci;J:~~~imliD~~i~~~~~C.\.\-5,~~, jl!ij~ I;J:
-t-nl~ c~b 6 tJ:\,\IDl' lcttJ: ~,,f.l,t ~ ~ -r: ~,,~. * tc , ~tllt~~-c
I<J:fit~'~ I~ t fu C: f~b~ \.' t ~ G -r: t.>IJ, ::Z*I±l~c(!t)--.:> -r: t, 1E l.J
<*«l;f~tllt~~ I / :J=.7 "'-ID~tfmHt ~tnt~ l.J -r: \,\~o

238
1ou~-rtt1cVJ6tt
ro +t- ~

.../ l§i{il]t,J:~~-~~<1:~\~t,J: ~.
\, \-:J-c'B C L -c'B~~!m~o
-
.../ ~1JIJ~~tJ~::t:~l'.
:::J- j--:~~2'f.J:tJ~S~-"'~ o
r.l'\ GOOD DESIGN
https://aidemy.net '-"'/ AWARD 2018

-~~tl 7~~2-~. ~~~~~~~~•~•~••m•w~~~u~mcAt

-~~~-~~o J ~2~~3~t~~. •*ftW-"'~ ~~-ft· ~~o~~~-~
.A rAidemyJ 1<1:. 82$::~*~WAII<::~\, \m*ftt-1*161J~m~9~tc~W ?7?r:'J').:J.­
~ 3 ~~cl5 ~. :fiJffl.:J.. - -tf- 1<1:37J5'fA~~3t. ""?:"t., \;3:: ~0 ~ Stc:, ~~ · iitH~~t}J
IJ D tc:~""?:". ~{4'-~~ · ~fi=~ (PoC) WlfflR~mtJ:c. AI / 0 :/.I? l-- .5.lGlJJI<::~'~
t.; 'J 1) .:1 - ~ 3 ~~ '7 ~J\·;; 7 - :/\.'"t:iH~ ~ . 51i.AW rAI tn~\,\~:.ElJ;&l(-:5< IJ J ~xt~

~ \:"\,\ *~ 0

N LI.XJI.a> 7D!Jl<11 1-•lll•'3tt•An• •t6:.t:b..

lll.Uol:8 "'-.:"'a.WU1

;,~;- Ai demq Premium Plan

Aidemy~Jtl t., \, <f.:l$ ~).6Jj.Jil]Fa~P"'W ~~ AM-~k~\.'~~<.~::to:J.I?I--~

~~l§i ~;t{- 1-- ~~:;t~ -5~~)\- ')j-)1., 1-- u~mcm•w••~s~;t{-I--~~$A
t...--= ~?·~- ~.::Z""t'~o io.J if ~- ~.::Z-c'~o

https://aidemy-premium.net https://business.aidemy.net

239
 • <!Brcj l 11'Strtt!~ ? \,1 T
· c 'l'i fJl l <t*~I<::;;G~ <3"t1. T \- l~ f"l l'\'l~ ll\1 ~ ~'b O)I<:: i!N:;l: <!-ttTc't<:
t;C;'J ;t<t, :<$: W O) f':J ~c /lijf7., QJ tJ: c l c:i[ fc)I<: I;J: -i;lJ;JB *X. " &it
it/uO)" , i!> Stl' G6':> Z: tif<.< t.: <O l l,
· 'iti ~ " <n <:: :!Uc1 l<l: - IJJ:\'!:l:t i~ Wet.; 'J ;J;-ttfum-c\ FAX il':tcl;t'O!fflij
!<: C:: T x ro, ~, ,.g. b tt9i:;J; l'N itl'J<tt 2c l , 'ifJc , c:l'l: rc1 <n ~ lc:
!<tii1<. <:~~ ~ - o;, >zi;;9t oa: f\'J F.G ~_, -c <t;: " \,1 ;);9 ~ -'> Js.!liW -
, ,tLG * " ·
N )tS'J])'!cltc C:'I'ifc, !L i;J:, l' &~W'Jilli£:!<:: io i5' :t 1:'83~ -)!g:i:J
~tLG C::N 'J>t<J~ S 5 :t <J 3 ;J; l' ~- ~if ~~~ ~ & ~c ~
cl it 9 . 'J'. tc, @'@' O)J!Il 8 '< <:: i1l 7E l ' tc tC:l ,td~& l' t>, c: :ii;fi'.
~ NZ~ l'8~ t ~ ~ 'J;'I' tt/u 0 " . M S~ G 6':>27 ~<t.:a c~
<:: K ~ m ~ ~~ • a n.tc®A ~ffi ~ c:• ~~ O) ~ •~nm § ~ ~
l<l: ~ /!3 G ;t tt lu . 'J'.tc , @'@' W: I<t~ -'P!J'I<::f/§.~ cl tc G a: ·; ,

• ~T --------- --- -- --- 1t J:Wi/\

• :<$::Z7'-tf 1':;.; ------ ---- -- --- BUCH+
• :<$:31::1' 7 ;;z 1-- - - -- - -- 1) ";!"} 7 ·~ 7
• fglM --- ------·- --· -- 'ISI';l:±m
• ti~/ DT P - - - ---- 1) ;_; -7 7 'Y 7

t- .;t;:,..~ ,~~ .,.... .. ;>:( <' ~ t~? ~ *".) ~~ ~.·~ ~ ~

~ ~~li 7 1' 7'~ - w Q ~~/Wffi~ z

F\""!lill m
~~~ti~lili!~lii!ili
!-IU.i\-WWT1ill !Z$~.ti:flsii!J2 1 - 1 3
~~ o3-3513-61so ~&mi!E illi.ml
03-3513-6160 ~~~.il~ll!l • rc~ \,1 -g- b-ttJ't

ED!!.IJ/!Jit:$: ~'it ~t±tlO,!l!:ZilJH± ;= 162-0846

llUii:W~& !Zrll~t.r:f'.lii!J 21 - 13
-l*'it~U.~*fl)~iiffit± >;!l~(ijjj>tj~

rf@f# fiD!lit f.J ~ l!!t ~ ~ & 7' _,. -7

)Eil!il;t1J I\- Ic:$:ii\Vt d1i 'J 3'9. 7-=:;.;:f(f) G< JJ. clHRill~ c:n.
*&O) -••tc =2 • • • ~••0):;J: ~• ~~· • ~ •~~•~
~- 7 - ::tit, 7 7-1Jt- K lil' c 9 ;:c '(;;~L.:*9·
•a & 1 f!ll-r (.., ? il' ') b!J' ~f.<llli!!' J w
ifi * l~ ltfi!I I\)O) ji: ~'ftH,?c;ts 'J ;t -fiJ\ lJ-. liLT ( ~ - o/aJ~L tl.) 'PitT FAX: 0 3-35 13 -6167
(~ -:JO)j;';:l1) IJ'~ 2' Cl;f iJ to 5 . ljlt± lf)( ?'i;it[ill:8 3'- L' <I3 ii!i 'J <f(."/! C\o iilif4
l]lf±jO, J!H~c<l3l!ii.'J '1'!-'.clfo 1_, 3'.9o ~Vi'li~iftflt±it -b ~ - :;
https:// book.g ihyo jp/ I 16
ISBN 978-4-297-10640-9 C3055 Printed In Japan