Persuasive Speech of The Third Semester Students of English Study Program

University of Pasir Pengaraian.

Wulandari Nurhasanah1), Pipit Rahayu2), Batdal Niati3)
wulandari18upp@gmail.com , darariau2010@gmail.com, batdaln@gmail.com
English Study Program, University of Pasir Pengaraian

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research was to find out how the students' speaking skill in Persuasive Speech For The
Third Semester Students Of English Study Program University Of Pasir Pengaraian. The methodology of
this research was descriptive quantitative. The sample were 29 students. In collecting the data, the researcher
used speaking test and in form of speech’ video. In analyzing the data, the researcher used the components in
speaking they are: Accent,Grammar,Vocabulary, fluency, and Comprehension. From the analysis of three
raters in all aspects, the student had good category in delivering Persuasive Speech. The students’ score was
good in vocabulary and comprehension aspect . It means that the students had have many vocabularies and
the speech delivered can be comprehended. It can be concluded that students’ skill was good in delivering
persuasive speech.

Key words: Descriptive Quantitative, Speaking , Persuasive Speech

INTRODUCTION as a delivery process of language which is consist

Nowadays, many people learn English for
various purposes, both for career and school. Many
people realize that English is one of international
language is used throughout the world. English is
an important communication tool. Especially in
education levels, English is taught at all levels,
from elementary school, junior high school, senior
high school, and also university. In learning
English, we recognize four skills, speaking, witing,
listening and reading. These skills are important to
be learnt and carry out own purpose.
Speaking is one of the basic language skills that
must be mastered by students. Speaking is used to
express of the needs–request, information, service,
etc.”. Harmer (2007,p 95) says that : If the students
want to speak English fluently, they need to be able
pronounce phonems, use appropriate stress and
intonation and also speak in connected speech.
Meanwhile, Long and Jack (1987) state that
speaking is a set of abilities that includes many
components such as pronunciation, listening, and
grammar skills. Speaking is one of the central
elements of communication. Speaking is a
productive skill that can be observed directly and
empirically. The observation is collected by
accuracy and effectiveness of listening skill (Brown
: 2004) . It means that between speaking and
listening are related. Moreover, Speaking is the
active use of language to express meanings so that
other people can make undestand of them
(Cameron:2004, p 95). In short, speaking defined
of pronunctiation,listenig,and grammar skill to
express and respond the information.
In speaking ability, Speech is speaking style
that is often used from the past until nowadays.
There are some kinds of speech , one of them is
persuasive speech. persuasive speech is aim to
persuade, convince and influencing listeners
through action. Another opinion said by Rakhmat
(2012,p 98) that persuasion speech consist of three
basis factor, they are attention getter, persuasive,
and create an action. Persuasive speeches aimed to
influence the, attitudes, values, beliefs, and acts of
others (O’Hair & Stewart : 1999,p 3 ). Unlike an
informative speech, where the speaker is charged
with making some information known to an
audience, in a persuasive speech the speaker
attempts to influence people to think or behave in a
particular way.
In english study program at the university of
pasir pengaraian,the students will learn speech at
third semester in speaking III subject. In this
class,the students are required to fulfill their
previous subject,speaking I and speaking II. The
goal of speaking III subject in english study
program is how make or prepare the students to be
proficient in delivering english speech. There are
many types of speech are taught In speaking III
subject, for example impromptu speech,informative
speech,and persuasive speech. However , many
students still have difficulties in delivering speech,
especially persuasive speech. It is caused by
various factor. It is like they lacked practice in

Student : Wulandari Nurhasanah

Advisor 1 : Pipit Rahayu,M.Pd
Advisor 2 : Batdal Niati, M.Pd
making speeches or they dont have more
understanding about persuasive speech in detail.
They think that all of speech have same strategies.
In fact, each of speeches has different strategies.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
The nature of speech
Speech is one of speech’s style that is often
used from the past until nowadays (Arsjad and
Mukti: 1993,p 53). According to Oxford Dictionary
(2008),speech is the formal talk given to an
audience. Speech is a result of the following
physiological processes: respiration, phonation,
resonance, articulation, and emotional behavior
(Muchtar & Habar : 2018, p 1 ). Then , Spratt
(2005 ) state that speech is used in speaking to
express meanings to the other people. In short,
speech is utterance or a talk given to audience and
it belongs to elements of speaking skill. In
delivering Speech , it have to have a goal , and one
of them is persuasive (Arsjad and Mukti : 1993, p
53). Persuasive means that speaker requires an
action or physical reaction from the audiences.
Ratna (2017, p 12) also add that there are three
purposes in delivering speech: Informative (to
inform), Persuasive (to persuade) ,Recreative (to
entertain). Another opinion about speech is also
said by Julijanti and Quraisyin (2012,p 23) that
speech is an speaking activity in public to deliver
idea, thinking ,or information ,and also speaker’
intention to audiences directly. Based on the
explanation above, it can be concluded that speech
is action of speaking ability that has significant
purpose to express the ideas for audiences.
Types of speech
According to Telg (2011, p 2) that speech divided
into three types :
1) Informative speech
Informative speech is carried out if someone wants
to give or impart knowledge explain a process , and
interpreting an agreement or whatever describe an
article. There are many topics in delivering
informative speaking for examples : a teacher
telling students about earthquakes, a student talking
about her research, a travelogue about the Tower of
London, and a computer programmer speaking
about new software
2)Persuasive speech
Persuasive speech is aimed to
persuade,convince,and influencing listeners
through actions. There are topic in delivering
persuasive speaking for examples become an organ
donor, improve your health through better eating,
Student : Wulandari Nurhasanah
Advisor 1 : Pipit Rahayu,M.Pd
Advisor 2 : Batdal Niati, M.Pd
and television violence is negatively influencing
our children.
3)Speeches for special occasions
Speeches for special occasions means that speech
based on the occasion (situation). This speech is
purposed for specific occasion, speech can be
informative and persuasive depending on the
occasion. Two of more common types of this
speech is spech of introduction and speech of
welcome. Speech of introduction is speech that
consist of biographical of speaker. Then,speech of
welcome is aimed to make the person or group feel
welcome .
Persuasive Speech
Persuasive speech is a speech aimed to
persuade the audience to take action. According to
Rahardi (2005,p 3) persuasive speech is a
conversation that aims to persuade someone to do
action or change the attitudes based on the desire of
speaker. Persuasion speech is a skill related to
attracting,offering, ad influencing someone who is
indispensable in the world of work,both in
bussiness and education (Rakhmat : 2012,p 96).
Moreover , Keraf (2007,p 73) states that persuasive
is a verbal art that aims to invite someone to do
what the speaker want. Effective persuasion
involves four distinct and essential steps (Conger :
1998,p 778). First, effective persuaders establish
credibility. Second, they frame their goals in a way
that identifies common ground with those they
intend to persuade. Third, they reinforce their
positions using vivid language and compelling
evidence. And fourth, they connect emotionally
with their audience .
Based on the explanation above, the
researcher concludes that persuasive speech is the
process of creating , reinforcing , or changing
peoples' beliefs , attitudes or actions . It is also the
art of convincing an audience , listeners, to believe
, think , or act as the speaker or writer wants them
to.
Aspects in persuasive speech
Aristotle (2014, p 3) states that there are three main
methods of persuasion :
1)Ethos
Ethos means the speaker should show his
knowledge, virtue, ability, honor, and other factors
to gain the psychological recognition and trust of
the audience. In short,ethos is a credibilty of the
speaker. Credibility implied as how the audiences’
perception of how the speaker is truthworthy.
2)Pathos
Pathos means the speakers must arouse the
emotions of the audience and display more
emotional factors. In short , pathos is the emotional
appeal or ability to create connection between the
speaker and his audience
3)Logos
Logos means the speaker is supposed to use logical
discourse that can stand up to logical scrutiny so as
to convince others. In short, logos is the logic
behind any conclusion drawn by a speaker.
Wood (2009) says in her book that persuasive
speech contains of three main basis:
1)Interactive means that there is engagement
between speaker and listener. Although the speaker
is public figure, audiences have a big role play. In
addition, speakers have to consider the experience
with their audience when they deliver a persuaisve
speech.
2)No coercive means that there is no coercing thing
in persuasive speech. Definition of persuasive
speech is to persuade or convince. But, it does not
mean that the speaker forces the audience with
impoliteness. Persuasive speech delivered by
motivational words so that the audiences can be
motivated with the speaker saying.
3)Gradual effect means that people move
gradually toward new ideas, attitudes, and actions
although people’s positions occasionally change
abruptly. When we hear a persuasive speech, we
compare its arguments with our experience and
knowledge. If the speaker offers strong arguments,
good evidence, and coherent organization, people
may shift the attitudes or behaviors .
Schreiber,et al (2012) say that there are eleven
elements for persuasive speech :
1. Introduction
There are many speaker ignore the technique of
introduction. It sounds insignificant. Meanwhile, a
good introduction can be impact to the speaker’
speech. it can be done by introducing to the topic.
Then, speaker has to state the topic clearly . so, the
audiences can understand what the speaker want to
deliver.
2. Topic
Topic is the important thing in speech. it is caused
the topic can impact to the audiences’ attention.
Speakers have to choose the appropiate topic .
Topic must be clear and worthwhile . In addition,
topic has to present a new information. There are
many speakers can not adapt the topic with the
audiences . it is better if the topic can engage the
audiences .
3. Supporting materials
Supporting materials in persuasive speech means
that speakers have to use something to support their
speech. It can be done by using quotes. In addition,
using quotes can be interested the audiences . But,
the speaker must be careful in quoting. All of
Student : Wulandari Nurhasanah
Advisor 1 : Pipit Rahayu,M.Pd
Advisor 2 : Batdal Niati, M.Pd
sources must be clear and responsible. So, the
audiences can believe truthfull to the speaker.
4. Word selection
Selecting word belongs to the importan thing in
delivering speech. For example, if the speaker use
low vocabulary, the audiences get difficulties in
understanding the speech. All that word used to
support ideas, elements regionalism is completely
invisible . Word selection must be clear,precise,and
various.
5. Expression
There are people who consider expression is the
similar thing with gestures. Meanwhile, they are
different. Expression is a facial appearance to
express emotion. In delivering speech, a speaker
has to have the abiities to use appropriate
expression. It will be supporting in speech. For
example, when the speaker deliver speech about
struggles, the expression must be assertive.
6. Gesture
Gesture is a motion of the body. Gesture is used for
emphasizing the speech. For example is the hand.
The hand is a very expressive organ. It is used to
support our speech style. The speech will be more
awkward if the speaker is stiff, without gesture.
7. Interactive
As the elements of persuasive speech, interactive is
also an important point in assessing persuasive
speech. Interactive in this case means that there is a
necessity of interaction between speaker and
audience. This often happens in the delivering
speech, the speaker seems to read the text even
though he doesn't bring any text. The speaker only
focus on what he wants to say, regardless of how
the audience responds. This will be a monotonous
speech. So, a good speech,especially persuasive,
there must be interactive between speaker and
audiences.
8. Visual aids
Visual aids is the supporting tools in delivering
speech. A good persuasive speaker not only have
the speaking ability, but also have to have ability in
using visual aids. There are many benefits from
using visual aids such as make speech is more
interesting. In addition, it can improve speaker’s
credibility because it will help the audiences
believe to the facts in detail.
9. Credibility
Credibility is not natural character of the speaker.
But, it is audiences’ perception about the speaker.
Credibility can be established by some points
(Rakhmat : 2012: 73). First, tell who the speaker is
. Second, it is good sense . Third, speakers have to
have good characters. Fourt, telling to the
audiences why the speaker deliver speech to them.
Fifth, good technique in delivering speech.
10. Organization
In delivering speech, organization is important
thing . Audiences can understand very well about
the speech. for example, after stating the topic,
speaker has to explain the background of the topic.
But, there are many speakers who do not
understand yet about it. They are usually going to
the next discussion so that the speech will be
disordered.
11. Conclusion
Besides the introduction, stating the conclusion
clearly can impact to the clarity of speech. There
are many speakers who do not reinforce their
speech. it is important for audiences to comprehend
the main points of speech. concluding is not the
difficult thing in speech. It can be done by restating
the main points of speech.
According to Hughes (2003) stated that there
are five components in assessing speaking skill .
they are acent,grammar,vocabulary,fluency,and
comprehension. Hughes stated that each of
components can be identified by some criterias :
a) Accent
1) Pronunciation frequently unintelligible
2) Frequent gross errors and every heavy accent
make understanding difficult, require frequent
repetition.
3) “Foreign accent” requires concentrated
listening and mispronunciations lead to
occasional misunderstanding
4) Marked “foreign accent” and occasional and
mispronunciations which do not interfere with
understanding
5) No conspicuous mispronunciations, but would
not be taken for a native speaker
6) Native pronunciation, with no trace of
“foreign accent”
b) Grammar
1) Grammar almost entirely inaccurate except in
stock phrases
2) Constant errors showing control of very few
major patterns and frequently preventing
communication
3) Frequent errors showing some major patterns
uncontrolled and causing occasional irritation
and misunderstanding
4) Occasional errors showing imperfect control
of some patterns but no weaknesses that
causes misunderstanding
5) Few errors, with no patterns of failure
6) No more than errors during interview
c) Vocabulary
1) Vocabulary inadequate for even the simplest
conversation
2) Constant limited to basic personal and
survival areas.
Student : Wulandari Nurhasanah
Advisor 1 : Pipit Rahayu,M.Pd
Advisor 2 : Batdal Niati, M.Pd
3) Choice of word sometimes inaccurate,
limitations of vocabulary prevent discussion
of some common professional and social topic
4) Professional vocabulary adequate to discuss
special interest; general vocabulary permits
discussion of any non-technical subject with
some circumlocutions
5) Professional vocabulary broad and precise;
general adequate to cope with complex
practical problems and varied social situations
6) Vocabulary apparently as accurate and
extensive as that of an educated native
speaker
d) Fluency
1) Speech is so halting and fragmentary that
conversation is virtually impossible
2) Speech is very slow and uneven except for
short routine sentences.
3) Speech is frequently hesitant and jerky;
sentences may be left uncompleted
4) Speech is occasionally hesitant, with some
unevenness caused by rephrasing and
grouping for words
5) Speech is effortless and smooth, but
perceptively non-native in speed and evenness
6) Speech on all professional and general topics
as effortless and smooth as a native speaker’s
e) Comprehension
1) understands too little for the simplest type of
conversation
2) understands only slow, very simple speech on
common social and touristic topics; requires
constant repetition and rephrasing
3) understands careful, somewhat simplitied
speech when engaged in a dialogue but may
require considerable repetition and rephrasing
4) understands quite well normal educated
speech when engaged in a dialogue, but
requires occasional repetition and re- phrasing
5) understands everything in normal edu- cated
Conversation except for very Colloquial or
low-frequency items, or exceptionally rapid or
slurred speech
6) understands everything in both formal and
colloquial speech to be expected of an
educated native speaker
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This research is a descriptive quantitative research .
According to Sugiyono (2013:2) state that research
design is a scientific way to get data with a specific
purpose. Meanwhile, the model of research design
used in this reseach is quantitative. Creswell (2014)
add that quantitative research is an approach for
testing objective theories by examining variables.
This research would be conducted at third semester
students of english study program University of
Pasir Pengaraian. It was located Rambah Hilir,
Rokan Hulu. The research would be held from
Desember 2020 to May 2021. The population of
this research was the third semester English
Students University of Pasir Pengaraian , academic
year 2020/2021. There were 29 students and all of
students would be population.Based on the
considerations above, the researcher used
probability sampling. According to Sugiyono
(2013:218) probability sampling is sampling
technique where the the number of samples is the
same as the population. The sample that should
have been in this research were 29 samples. The
instrument of this research is speaking test. The test
was given to the students to deliver in persuasive
speech. Then, students’ speaking test would be
analyzed by scoring rubric of persuasive speech.
The scoring rubric was taken from Hughes ‘s
theory (2003). The test of this study was conducted
at University Pasir Pengaraian, in third semester
students of English Study Program of Faculty of
Teacher Training and Education. This method was
carried out by some steps:The firts, researcher gave
the speaking test for students that consist of
instructions deliver persuasive speech . The second,
students prepared one topic that they have Chosen.
After that,students delivered persuasive speech .
The maximum time given is seven minutes.The
fourth, researcher recorded the videos from the
students. After collecting data , the researcher
analyzed the data. The researcher filled the scoring
rubric which is contained some criterias based on
the teoritical of scoring rubric by Hughes (2003) .
The data was analyzed by using the criterias.
FINDING AND DISCUSSION
FINDING
In order to make clearly,the result of the students’
persuasive speech by three raters of all aspects can
be seen in the following table :

Table 1.
The total score in delivering persuasive speech in all aspect
Rater
No last Score Level
1 2 3
1 88,2 84,88 88,2 87,09 Excellent
2 81,38 76,52 81,6 79,83 Good
3 79,9 69,72 83,2 77,61 Good
4 73,08 76,34 73,08 74,17 Good
5 73,08 78,22 79,88 77,06 Good
6 63 66,5 66,44 65,31 Good
7 59,64 63 69,8 64,15 Good
8 59,64 56,34 66,44 60,81 Average
9 76,58 66,44 73,08 72,03 Good
10 56,34 62,02 59,64 59,33 Average
11 59,98 63,14 59,98 61,03 Good
12 66,22 73,04 73,08 70,78 Good
13 56,34 56,34 52,98 55,22 Average
14 66,42 63,14 76,52 68,69 Good
15 56,34 56,34 84,84 65,84 Good
16 62,94 52,98 66,44 60,79 Average
17 76,58 73,3 84,84 78,24 Good
18 73,22 69,92 81,52 74,89 Good
19 84,84 74,92 91,6 83,79 Excellent

Student : Wulandari Nurhasanah

Advisor 1 : Pipit Rahayu,M.Pd
Advisor 2 : Batdal Niati, M.Pd
 20 66,42 56,34 69,72 64,16 Good
21 66,42 66,42 63,14 65,33 Good
22 44,62 47,98 59,64 50,75 Average
23 51,28 47,92 54,64 51,28 Average
24 52,98 44,62 52,98 50,19 Average
25 50,38 41,28 49,64 47,10 Average
26 50,38 41,28 56,48 49,38 Average
27 52,98 47,98 56,48 52,48 Average
28 53,12 47,98 53,14 51,41 Average
29 44,62 47,98 56,5 49,70 Average
Total Score 1868,44
Good
Average 64,43

Table 2.
The Result of Students’ skill in Delivering Persuasive Speech
No Range Category Frequency Percentage
1 81-100 Excellent 2 6,89 %
2 61-80 Good 15 51,72 %
3 41-60 Average 12 41,37 %
4 21-40 Fair - -
5 0-20 Poor - -
Total 29 100 %

DISCUSSION misunderstanding. This case could be seen in the

There were five aspect in assessing students’
speech included
accent,grammar,vocabulary,fluency,and
comprehension (Hughes :2003,p 113). From the
research result, the researcher found that the
students were in good level in all of aspect. After
getting the data, the researcher needed to discuss
the findings to answer the research question.
From the findings of the research, it concluded
that students’ skill in persuasive speech at third
semester students English study program university
of pasir pengaraian,the score 64,43 % that
categorized in good level. The research also found
the result of each aspect. It was consist of
accent,grammar,vocabulary,fluency, and
comprehension. The score of accent was 50,29 %
that categorized in average level, grammar 59,08 %
in average level , vocabulary 79,66 % in good
level,fluency 53,68 % in average level, and
comprehension 79,44 % in good level.
The finding show that students’ accent
categorized in average level (50,29%). they had
“Foreign accent” , requires concentrated listening
and mispronunciations lead to occasional
pronunctiation. The students were difficult to
pronounce word in english. This finding was
supported by the theory of Ur (1996,p 35 ) which
pronuncing the vocabulary is important things
because it will be impossible to speak up without
various words.
The score of grammar was 59,08. This result
showed that students’ grammar were still in
average. This finding was supported by the theory
of Baker and Westrup (2003,p 36) stated that it is
very difficult for learners to answer when their
teachers ask them to tell things in a foreign
language because they have little opinions about
what to say, how to use grammar accurately.
The score of fluently was 53,68 % . It was in
average level . The main aim of English language
teaching is to give learners the ability to use
English language effectively and correctly in
communication (Davies & Pearse, 2000,p 34).
However, it seems that language learners are not
able to communicate fluently and accurately
because they do not have enough knowledge in this
field. Many students had made speech that was
frequently hesitant and jerky, sentences may be left
uncompleted.

Student : Wulandari Nurhasanah

Advisor 1 : Pipit Rahayu,M.Pd
Advisor 2 : Batdal Niati, M.Pd
 From the discussion above, the students still
have difficulties in accent,grammar,and fluency
aspect. Most of the students were difficult in accent
aspect because the students had mispronunctiation
or the students were difficult in pronuncing word in
english. Most of the students were difficult in
grammar aspect because the students had made
frequent errors that showing some major patterns
uncontrolled and misunderstanding. Most of the
students were difficult in fluency because the
students were not able to communicate fluently and
accurately, they do not have enough knowledge .
However,students’ skill in vocabulary and
comprehension aspect were in good category. It can
be seen that the students’ score were good in
vocabulary and comprehension aspect . From the
explanation above,the researcher concluded that the
students’skill were good in delivering persuasive
speech.
REFERENCES
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Brown, H. D. (2004). Language Assesment
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Cameron, L. 2001. Teaching Languages to Young
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Student : Wulandari Nurhasanah
Advisor 1 : Pipit Rahayu,M.Pd
Advisor 2 : Batdal Niati, M.Pd
CONCLUSION
The researcher did the research about the
students' speaking skill in delivering persuasive
speech. The researcher used spoken test and video
recording to know the students' speaking skill in
delivering Persuasive speech of the third semester
students English Study Program in University of
Pasir Pengaraian. Based on the finding and
discussion,it concluded that students' speaking skill
in delivering persuasive speech at the third
semester students of English study program was in
good category. From the five aspects, the students
were good in vocabulary and comprehension The
students’ vocabulary was categorized in good
category . The students’ comprehension also was
categorized in good category
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Student : Wulandari Nurhasanah

Advisor 1 : Pipit Rahayu,M.Pd
Advisor 2 : Batdal Niati, M.Pd