Journal of Bengal Art, Vol.

18, 2013, 9-21

1
DISCOVERY OF HUSAIN SHAH’S NEW INSCRIPTION AND
RUINS OF A JAMI MOSQUE FROM HUSAINABAD IN BALLIA
DISTRICT OF UTTAR PRADESH AND DIFFUSION OF THE
BENGAL ART
Syed Ejaz Hussain
After his defeat by Sikandar Lodi (1489-1517) in the battle of Banares at the end of 1494,
Sultan Husain Shah Sharqi of Jaunpur (1458-1505) went in exile to Kahalgaon under the shelter
of Bengal Sultan ‘Ala-u’d-din Husain Shah (1493-1519) whose daughter was married to Husain
Shah Sharqi’s son, Jalal Khan. He received him with respect and provided every comfort and
allotted him the Pargana of Kahalgaon, near Bhagalpur for his livelihood. Perhaps he was also
allowed to coin his money from there and also promised him help in recovering his lost kingdom.1

Sikandar Lodi pursued Husain Shah Sharqi upto Deobar or Dewar, now a village in
Champaran district of Bihar and encamped there for some time. He annexed a large part of Bihar
under the Lodi rule in 1495. He appointed Mubarak Khan Nuhani as the governor of Bihar and
himself returned to Darweshpur, situated near Maner at Patna. He visited the tomb of Shaikh
Sharf-u’d-din Yahya Maneri and paid his homage.2

Sikandar Lodi then planned to march against ‘Ala-u’d-din Husain Shah, king of Bengal, who
had given shelter to Husain Sharqi. On the way to Bengal he attacked Tirhut and forced its Raja to
submit. From Darweshpur Sikandar marched against Bengal’s Sultan ‘Ala-u’d-din Husain Shah.
Reaching Tirhut which was then the Bengal frontier, he encamped with his forces to make all the
necessary arrangements for the invasion. Instead of waiting at the capital for his invader Husain
Shah of Bengal, sent a strong army under his son Daniyal against Sikandar Lodi. The two armies
confronted each other in 1496 at Barh. But no engagement took place, and finally negotiation was
reached. It was settled that the two monarchs would not trespass on or interfere with each other’s
kingdoms, nor give shelter to their enemies. After the settlement Sikandar put A‘zam Humayun in
command of Darweshpur and Darya Khan Nuhani in command of Bihar (Bihar Sharif). Then he
returned to Jaunpur where he stayed for six months and engaged himself in 1497 in destroying all
the traces of Sharqi rule, razing to the ground all the edifices of the Sharqi kings; their forts,
palaces, gardens, and everything connected with their name. The mosques were only saved by the
interference of the ‘Ulama of Jaunpur.3

Bengal Ruler Husain Shah’s Inscriptions from Bihar:

Husain Shah Sharqi died in 911/1505 at Kahalgaon. Bengal ruler Husain Shah did not expand
his boundary west of Shahabad till Sikandar Lodi was alive. His coins have come to light from
Rohtas fort in Sasaram which was earlier a part of Shahabad. His stone inscriptions have been
found from Bhagalpur, Munger, Saran Barh, and Patna. The three inscriptions discovered from
10 JOURNAL OF BENGAL ART

Ismailpur, Cherand and Narhan in Saran district bearing the year 906/1501 and 909/1503-4
indicate that as soon as Sikandar Lodi withdrew from Bihar, the Bengal ruler wasted no time to
re-assert his supremacy in north Bihar up to Saran area. Table 1.1 (below) charts the details of the
Bengal ruler Husain Shah’s inscriptions discovered from Bihar.4

Table-1.1: Husain Shah’s Inscriptions from Bihar

Sr. Place City Year Nature Size of Ruler Any
No of Stone of the Other
Archite Inscription name
cture /Officer
1. Mausoleum Munger 903/1497-98 Gumbad 2'.6"x10" Husain Prince
Shah Nafa, (Tomb) Shah Daniyal
near Munger
Fort
2. Ismailpur Saran 906/1501 Not 2"x1'.2" Husain
(Now known Shah
Salempur) (broken)
3. Mullachak Bhagalpur 907/1502 Mosque 3'.9"x1' Husain Sar-i
(Entrance Shah lashkar
gate of the Majlis
tomb of Mahmud
Shahbaz Shah) bin Yusuf
4. Bonhara Bhagalpur 908/1503 Jami 3'x1'.3" Husain
Mosque Shah
5. Cherand Saran 909/1503-4 Jami 2'.1"x1'.5" Husain
Mosque Shah
6. Narhan Saran 909/15034 Jami 2'x1'.8" Husain
Mosque Shah
7. Muhammadpur Barh 916/1510-11 Jami 3'.1"x1'.5" Husain Khan-i
Nawada Mosque Shah Muazzam,
Nazir
Khan
8. Khwaja Kalan Patna City 916/1510-11 Jami 2'.8"x1'.4" Husain
(Begu Mosque Shah
Hajjam’s
Mosque)
9. Mujahidpur Bhagalpur 917/1511 Gateway 2'.4"x1'.5.5" Husain
of a Shah
Mosque
10. Village Begusarai Not found Jami 2'.2.5"x1'.2" Qutbuddin
Matihani (Munger) (broken) Mosque Nasir
s/o Husain
Shah
DISCOVERY OF HUSAIN SHAH’S NEW INSCRIPTION 11

Husain Shah’s Ascendancy in Trans-Gandak Areas now lying in Uttar Pradesh:

Bengal’s supremacy was further extended in the trans-Gandak area upto Pargana Kharid in
Sikandarpur of the Azamgarh district of Uttar Pradesh as is evident from two Arabic inscriptions
discovered from there. The first inscription which is fragmentary and the portion of date on it is
lost, carried the name of Husain Shah of Bengal. It was discovered from Sikandarpur and was first
published by W. H. Siddiqui in 1962 in Epigraphica Indica: Arabic and Persian Supplement
(Plate 1.1).5

Plate 1.1: Husain Shah’s inscription from Sikandarpur, Azamgarh in U.P.

‫[ ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﻰ ﻣﺴﺠﺪا ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﻨﻰ اﷲ ﻟﻪ ﺳﺒﻌﻴﻦ ﻗﺼﺮا ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﺔ‬۱] 
‫[ ﺑﻨﻰ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺴﺠﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻬﺪ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎ]ن اﻟﻤﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﻜﺮم ﻋﻼؤ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ واﻟﺪ[ ﻳﻦ أﺑﻮ]أﺑﻲ[ اﻟﻤﻈﻔﺮ ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﺷﺎﻩ‬۲]
‫أﺷﺮف ﺧﻠﺪ اﷲ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ وﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﻪ‬‫ﺑﻦ ﺳﻲ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺧﻴﺮ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﻣﻨﺼﻮر‬[۳] 
Translation:
L-1 The Prophet, may the peace of Allah be upon Him, said; "He who builds a mosque in this
world, for him Allah will build seventy palaces in Paradise."
L-2 This mosque was constructed in the reign of the exalted and honored Sultan ‘Alā’ al-Dunyā’
wa’l-Dīn Abu ’l-Muzaffar Husain Shāh ibn Sayyid Ashraf, may Allah perpetuate his kingdom
and sovereignty.
L-3 The builder of this noble edifice is Mansur.
12 JOURNAL OF BENGAL ART

The second inscription was also discovered from near the same place. It was found from
Pargana Kharid near Sikandarpur in Azamgarh district of U.P.(Plate 1.2). It is dated 27 Rajab AH
933 (29 April AD 1527) and preserves the name of Nusrat Shah, the son of Husain Shah. The
inscription records that Mukhtiyār Khān was Sar-i-Lashkar or Commander of the army posted at
Durrah-i-Kharīd (pass/valley of Kharid). The posting of a contingent of the army at Kharid makes
us believe that Husain Shah also might have deployed a contingent of army there for the
protection of the north-western territorial boundary of the Bengal Sultanate.6

Plate 1.2: Nusrat Shah’s inscription from Kharid near Sikandarpur in U.P.

Text:

‫ﻻ إﻟﻪ إﻻ اﷲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ رﺳﻮل اﷲ ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﻰ ﻣﺴﺠﺪا ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﻨﻰ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻟﻪ‬[۱] 
 ‫ﺳﺒﻌﻴﻦ ﻗﺼﺮا ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺲ[ ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﻤﺴﺠﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻬﺪ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ اﻟﻌﺎدل ﻧﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ واﻟﺪﻳﻦ أﺑﻮاﻟﻤﻈﻔﺮ ﻧﺼﺮﺗﺸﺎﻩ ﺑﻦ‬
ّ ] ‫[ اﻟﻤﺘﺄﺳﺲ‬۲] 
‫اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎن ﺟﻌﻞ اﷲ اﻟﺮب اﻟﻤﺠﻴﺪ ﻓﻲ زﻣﺮة ﻋﺒﺎدﻩ ]اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﻴﻦ[ وﻫﻮ ﺧﺎﻧﺎﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﺨﺘﻴﺎر ﺧﺎن ﺳﺮ‬‫ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﺷﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼث وﺛﻼﺛﻴﻦ وﺗﺴﻌﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬٢٧‫]اﻟﻤﺮ[ﺟﺐ‬‫ درﻩ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻬﺮ‬‫ﻟﺸﻜﺮ‬
 
DISCOVERY OF HUSAIN SHAH’S NEW INSCRIPTION 13

Translation:

L-1 There is no God but Allah, Muhammad is Allah's messenger. The Prophet, may the peace
of Allah be upon Him, said, “He who builds a mosque in the world, for him Allah the
Exalted will build seventy palaces in Paradise.”

L-2 The builder of this mosque -- in the reign of the just king Nāsir al-Dunyā’ wa ’l-Dīn Abu
’l-Muzaffar Nusrat Shāh Sultān ibn Husain Shāh al-Sultān -- was ’Ulur (Ulugh?) al-Majīd
and he was the exalted Khan Mukhtiyār Khān, Sar-i-Lashkar (the chief of the army) of
Durrah-i-Kharīd (pass/valley of Kharid); may Allah place him in the group of his pious
servants, on 27th of the month of Rajab [in the] year nine hundred and thirty three [29
April 1527].

Discovery of the Ruins of a Jami Mosque and its Arabic Inscription from Ballia, Uttar
Pradesh:

Recently, the present author during his field work in Juanpur and Varanasi found the ruins of
a Jami mosque at Miranchak Mohallah, Husainabad in Ballia district of Uttar Pradesh. The
mosque was built by the Bengal Sultan Husain Shah is established from an Arabic inscription
dated 909/1503-4 found from a nearby Imambara. The said inscription was moved some years
ago to the Imambara from the compound of the ruined structure of the brick-built mosque where it
was lying on the ground (Plates 1.3 & 1.4). The local people till now believed that the mosque
was built by Husain Shah of Jaunpur but when the present author visited there and deciphered the
inscription it was found and established that the area of Husainabad was called after Husain Shah
of Bengal who built there a Jami mosque. The Arabic inscription is in black basalt stone. The
author could not take the exact size of the stone. However it is approx. 2'.5"x2'x 7" in size and the
inscription is inscribed in three lines in Arabic Tulth calligraphy.

Plate 1.3 Husainabad inscription of Husain Shah of Bengal

14 JOURNAL OF BENGAL ART

Plate 1.4: Another view of the Husainabad inscription of Husain Shah of Bengal

Text of the Inscription:

‫[ ﻘﺎل اﻠﻨﺒ ﺻ ﷲ ﻋﻟ ﮧ و ﺴﻟﻢ ﻤﻦ ﻤﺳﺟﺪا ﷲ ﷲ ﻠﮧ ﺑ ﺘﺎ ﻤﺜﻟﮧ ﻓ اﻠﺟﻨﺘﮧ ﮬﺬا‬۱]

‫اﻠﻣﺳﺟﺪ اﻠﺟﺎﻤﻊ‬
‫[ اﻠﺳﻟﻄﺎن اﻠﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻠﻣﮑﺮم ﻋﻼواﻠﺪﻧ ﺎ واﻠﺪ ﻦ اﺑﻮاﻠﻣﻈﻔﺮ ﺣﺳ ﻦ ﺸﺎە اﻠﺳﻟﻄﺎن‬۲]
‫[ اﺑﻦ ﺴ ّ ﺪ اﺸﺮف اﻠﺤﺳ ﺧﻟﺪ ﷲ ﻤﻟﮑﮧ وﺴﻟﻄﺎﻧﮧ ﻓ ﺴﻨﮧ ﺗﺳﻊ و ﺗﺳﻌﻣﺎ ﮧ‬۳]

Translation:
L-1 The Prophet, may the peace of Allah be upon Him, has said, ‘He who builds a
mosque for Allah, Allah will build for him a similar house in paradise.’ This Jami’
mosque was built
L-2 by the exalted and honoured Sultan ‘Ala-ud Duniya wa’d Din Abu’l Muzaffar
Husain Shah al-Sultan,
L-3 the son of Sayyid Ashraf al-Husain, may Allah perpetuate his kingdom and
sovereignty, in the year nine hundred and nine [AH 909/AD 1503-4].

In this way, three inscriptions of Bengal Sultans, two of Husain Shah and one of his son
Nusrat Shah, have now come to light. Of these two belonged to Sikandarpur and Kharid in
Azamgarh and the third from Husainabad in Ballia. The Husainabad inscription and mosque
discovered by the present author is for the first time reported and published here.

Husainabad inscription dated 1503-4 is the earliest one found in the trans-Gandak area. The
other inscription of Husain Shah is broken and the portion of date is not found there. The third
DISCOVERY OF HUSAIN SHAH’S NEW INSCRIPTION 15

inscription that is in the name of Nusrat Shah is dated 1527. These three inscriptions establish that
as soon as Sikandar Lodi left the area, the Bengal Sultan made overture to capture the trans-
Gandak areas. His Cherand inscription of Saran is also dated 1503-4. These inscriptions illustrate
the political ambition and design of the Bengal ruler Husain Shah. It is notable that the areas of
Azamgarh and Ballia districts of present Uttar Pradesh earlier formed the core and integral part of
the Jaunpur kingdom. After the fall of the Sharqi kingdom these areas were incorporated into the
Bengal Sultanate. This must have augmented the resources of the Bengal rulers and also increased
their revenue resources.

Basic palaeography and style of the three inscriptions individually vary and appear very
different from one another. The formation, size and stroke of the Arabic letters in inscription no. 1
is very different. The inscription no. 2 and inscription no.3 are also not identical; still they are
complete and well-inscribed. The decorative border found at the top portion of the inscription
no.1 appears as if this was also a part of the inscription or something inscribed that is not clearly
readable. The inscription no.2 of Nusrat Shah has clear outer border on all the four sides. But
again the inscription no. 3 that is the Husainabad inscription of Husain Shah is also without any
border. However, there is a trace of plain border around the inscription. Inscription no.2 and
inscription no. 3 appear to be the creation of a royal calligrapher who was a master calligrapher
while the inscription no. 1 appears to be hurriedly inscribed in an emergency situation by a private
or novice inscriber. Since the inscription no. 1 does not bear any date it is difficult to presume the
political circumstances under which the inscription was hurriedly inscribed. It is likely that
Husain Shah of Bengal made some forays into the area and ordered for building a mosque, though
a mosque is not built in one or two days, it required a long time or year/s to build a mosque, the
inscription of the mosque was inscribed in haste. Whatever the circumstance would have been,
one may conclude that this might be of the time when Sikandar Shah had just left the area and
retreated to Delhi after destroying the Jaunpur and its Sultanate rule.

It is also significant to note that Husain Shah’s Cherand (Saran) inscription bearing the same
date i.e. 909/1503-4 as that of Husainabad inscription (Plate 1.5), mentioned in Table 1.1(no.5)
above is almost the same in style of calligraphy, size, structure, bending, curves, sequence,
placement and stroke of letters as well as diacritic and phonetic signs and symbols, and total
aesthetic delivery. If not looked minutely and closely one would become misled and conclude that
both the Cherand and Husainabad inscriptions are identical and the same. But the fact is not that.
If looked with microscopic lens and examined both the inscriptions diminutively one would come
to know that both the inscriptions are similar but not the same. This would mean that the
workmanship and calligraphy of both the inscriptions were carried out and accomplished by the
same artist and calligrapher who was commissioned for the task by the royal patron i.e. Husain
Shah, the Bengal Sultan.
16 JOURNAL OF BENGAL ART

Plate 1.5: Cherand (Saran) inscription of Husain Shah of Bengal.

Husainabad Mosque and Its Decorated Brick Tiles (Plates 1.6-1.13):

The Husainabad mosque is presently completely in ruin. The entire roof was long ago
demolished and rubbles were also removed from there. The courtyard of the mosque and the main
hall of the mosque are unable to be distinguished. However, plinth of the mosque may easily be
traced. The western side wall of the main prayer hall that is also dilapidated bears three mihrabs.
The wall and the mihrabs are brick-built. Now-a-days, some portion of the mosque area is used as
graveyard but it was actually not a graveyard, but a mosque only as the local people narrated.
There is also a dilapidated outer wall of brick with a central mihrab-type entrance or gate-way.
There is a big pond of water close to the mosque. The local people said they hear from their
forefathers that the pond earlier was very huge but later its portions were filled up with garbage
and subsequently several houses and dwellings appeared on it.
Though we have found only one decorated brick tile in Husainabad mosque, there are signs
which reveal that there were some other decorated brick tiles. This fact appears from the pane-cut
design found in the right and central mihrabs (Plate 1.11 & Plate 1.12). There must have been
flower, vase and other decorative themes in brick tiles fitted to these panel-cuts. These brick tiles
are now destroyed and vanished; however, a single decorated brick tile still exists in situ in the
central mihrab of the mosque (Plate 1.12). The decorative theme found in this solitary brick tile
appears unfathomable and difficult to explain. However, it cannot be in any way, the form of a
human figure or a deity. It is obviously a flower vase with stand. The flower vase consists total six
bend-bar or hands; three left side and three right side. Each hand holds something which is
difficult to comprehend.
DISCOVERY OF HUSAIN SHAH’S NEW INSCRIPTION 17

Plate 1.6: Mihrab of the main entrance of the outer Plate 1.7: Western side wall of the main prayer
wall, Husainabad mosque. hall, Husainabad mosque.

Plate 1.8: Left side mihrab of the main Plate 1.9: Right side Plate 1.10: Central mihrab of the
prayer hall, Husainabad mosque. Mihrab of the main western side wall of the mosque.
prayer hall, Husainabad
mosque.
18
Plate 1.11: Large panel-cut for
stucco in the right side mihrab of
the Husainabad mosque.
Plate 1.12: Large panel-cut for
stucco in the central mihrab of
the Husainabad mosque..
JOURNAL OF BENGAL ART
Diffusion of Bengal Art (Plates 1.14 & 1.17):
It is notable that there is no decorated brick tile in any
architecture of Jaunpur. Atala mosque, Lal Darwaza mosque,
Jami mosque, Char Angul mosque and Jaunpur fort, all these
buildings are the excellent edifices in stone. There are many
decorated panels in stone found in Jaunpur architecture. But there
is no brick works there. Enamelled and ornamented brick tiles and
panels decorated in various forms and varieties is the speciality of
the architecture of Bengal. Adina mosque, Eklakhi mausoleum,
Dakhil or Salami Darwaza, Firoz Minar, Qadam Rasul, Chamkan
mosque and some other edifices where ornamented tiles have been
largely used. In this situation, the decorated tiles found in situ in
Husainabad mosque at Ballia might have been copied on the
pattern of the Bengal architecture. It is also possible that the
masons and artists who drew such designs and prepared
ornamented tiles might have gone from Gaur to Husainabad for the
purpose of such construction. If it was the fact, this leads us to
draw something towards diffusion of Bengal art to north-western
part of India in at least the method and pattern of building
construction.
We may sum up with drawing attention to a mosque of
Khawja Kalan of Patna City. This mosque is now known as Begu
Hajjam’s mosque. It was one Muhammad Beg, perhaps a barber
by profession who is known as Begu Hajjam with whose name this
mosque is widely known. On a wall of this mosque there is a stone
inscription of Husain Shah of Bengal. The inscription is dated
916/1510-11 and it commemorated the construction of a Jami
mosque. Askari and Qeyamuddin Ahmad have expressed the
opinion that the Begu Hajjam mosque was originally built by
Husain Shah and it was thoroughly renovated by Begu Hajjam
whose inscription was also known from there. The point we
actually desire to bring to notice here in connection with the Begu
Hajjam mosque of Patna City is relating to the use of glazed colour
tiles in that mosque. Qeyamuddin Ahmad had also mentioned this
point in his work Corpus of the Arabic and Persian Inscriptions
from Bihar. A coloured glazed tile is the chief character of the
medieval architecture of Bengal. Perhaps this technique reached
Patna from Gaur. Here one finds another instance of diffusion of
Bengal art in context of building construction.
DISCOVERY OF HUSAIN SHAH’S NEW INSCRIPTION 19

Plate 1.13: Decorated brick tile in the central mihrab of the Husainabad mosque. (View in
two shades of light).

Plate 1. 14: Decorated tiles in Dakhil or Salami Darwaza at Gaur.

20 JOURNAL OF BENGAL ART

Plate 1.15: Decorated tiles in Qadam Rasul at Gaur.

Plate 1.16: Decorated tiles in Qadam Rasul at Gaur. Plate 1.17: Decorated tiles in
Qadam Rasul at Gaur.
DISCOVERY OF HUSAIN SHAH’S NEW INSCRIPTION 21

Notes & References:

1. Khwaja Nizamuddin Ahmed, Tabaqat-i Akbari, I, (B. I. Series, Calcutta, 1927), pp.318-19; Khwaja
Ni’matullah, Tarikh-i Khan Jahani, (Ms. Acc. no. 2817, Khuda Bakhsh Library, Patna), f. 58a;
Muhammad Kabir, Afsana-i Shahan, Retrograph of the Persian Ms. of the British Museum, London in
K. P. Jayswal Research Institute, Patna, Acc. No. 11 & 12), f. 29b; Abdullah, Tarikh-i Daudi, (Ms.
Acc. no.100, Khuda Bakhsh Library, Patna), p.53; Muhammad Qasim Farishta, Tarikh-i Farishta Vol.
I, (Munshi Nawal Kishore edn.), p. 333.

2. Tabaqat-i Akbari, I, p.320; Ni’matullah, f. 58a; Farishta, I, pp. 333-34.

3. Tabaqat-i Akbari, I, p.320; Ni’matullah, ff. 58b, 59a; Farishta, I, pp.333-34; Muhammad Khairuddin
Allahabadi, Jaunpur Nama,Jaunpur, 1899), pp. 19-20.

4. Qeyamuddin Ahmad, Corpus of Arabic and Persian Inscriptions of Bihar, (Patna, 1973), pp. 99-115.

5. W. H. Siddiqui, “Two Inscriptions of Bengal Sultans from Uttar Pradesh”, EIAPS, 1962, pp. 45-48;
Abdul Karim, Corpus of Arabic and Persian Inscriptions of Bengal, (Dhaka: Asiatic Society of
Bangladesh, 1992), pp. 325-26; Syed Ejaz Hussain, The Bengal Sultanate: Politics, Economy and
Coins (AD1205-1576), (Manohar, New Delhi, 2003), p.145.

6. H. Blochmann, “Contributions to the geography and history of Bengal (Muhammadan Period)”, JASB,
Vol. XLII, No. 3, 1873, pp. 296-97; A. H. Dani, Bibliography of the Muslim Inscriptions of Bengal
(Down to 1538), Pakistan, 1957, p. 70; Shamsuddin Ahmad, Inscriptions of Bengal, Vol. IV, Rajshahi,
1960, pp. 21-22; W. H. Siddiqui, loc.cit.