Inclusion and Identity

Lesson 3: Group Dynamics

Presented by: Marycris A. Manalo, MSP, RPm

How do people transform from a
“me” to a “we”?
How do people go from a “me” to a
“we”?
Inclusion- when the individual
becomes
a member of the group
Collectivism- When members think
and act for the good of the group,
Identity- when an individual’s sense of
identity changes and includes qualities
of the group as well.
FROM ISOLATION TO INCLUSION

FROM INDIVIDUALISM TO
COLLECTIVISM

FROM PERSONAL IDENTITY TO

SOCIAL IDENTITY
 From Isolation to Inclusion
Do human, by nature,
seek solitude or
inclusion?

Photo credit: https://www.pexels.com/photo/people-wearing-diy-masks-3951628/

Isolation can be rejuvenating…
❏ People are able to enjoy their self-discovery,
contemplation, and even their spirituality increases
(Long et al.,2003).
❏ People tend to “ “discover who I am”, determine
what i want to be”, “meditate and reflect”, “try out
some new behaviors”, “recover my self-esteem”,
“protect myself from what others say”, and take
refuge from the outside world” ( Pedersen, 1999, p.
399).
Isolation can be rejuvenating, but;
❏ Isolated individuals( e.g., stranded
explorers) report negative effects
❏ Solitary confinement recognized
as a severe punishment
Isolation can be rejuvenating, but;
❏ People seek membership in a
variety of groups
❏ People build their social capital
by creating online and face to
face relationships.
 THE NEED TO BELONG...

The need to belong is the tendency to

seek out and join with others.
 THE NEED TO BELONG...

Human beings, “have a pervasive drive to

form and maintain at least minimum
quantity of lasting, positive, and impactful
interpersonal relationship (Baumeister &
Leary, 1995).
 OSTRACISM
Excluding one or more
individuals from a group by
reducing or eliminating
contact with the person,
usually by ignoring, shunning,
or explicitly banishing them.
Photo credit: http://www.stillthinking.org/thinking-2/stink-politics/
Emotional effects of being ostracised:
Photo credit:
http://socialpsychonline.com/2015/11/psyc
hology-ostracism-feeling-excluded/
● Frustration
● Anxiousness
● Nervousness
● Loneliness
Physical effects of being ostracised:
● Elevated Blood
Pressure and
heart rate
● Erratic
Breathing

Photo credit:
http://socialpsychonline.com/2015/11/psychology-ostracism-feeling-excluded/
Photo credit: http://socialpsychonline.com/2015/11/psychology-ostracism-feeling-excluded/
The Inclusion/ Exclusion Continuum
Reaction to Exclusion...

❏ Freeze
❏ Fight or Flight
❏ Tend or Befriend
 Reaction to Exclusion...
FREEZE
A general shutdown in behavioral and
emotional reactivity

Photo Credit: https://myshrink.com/how-to-deal-with-freezing-up/

 Reaction to Exclusion...
Fight or Flight
The instinctive
physiological response to
a threatening situation,
which readies one either
to resist forcibly or to run
away.

Photo Credit: https://releaseyv.wordpress.com/2013/05/22/stress-recess-the-fight-or-flight-response/

 Reaction to Exclusion...

Tend and Befriend

❏ (Tend) support and care for others, help the
group in any way they can and become
cooperative
❏ (Befriend) make new friends or strengthen
friendships
 A theory of
self-esteem from an
evolutionary
psychological
perspective that
proposes
self-esteem is a
gauge(or
sociometer) for
interpersonal
relationships
https://www.facebook.com/Elsevier.ScienceDirect/photos/sociometer-theory-asserts-that-self-es
teem-is-calibrated-to-ones-perceived-relat/2216277262018315/
https://marketbusinessnews.com/financial-glossary/herd-instinct/
When do people put
the group’s needs
before their own?
FROM INDIVIDUALISM TO COLLECTIVISM

Individualism
❏ A tradition, ideology, or personal
outlook that emphasizes the primacy of
the individual and his or rights,
independence, and relationships with
other individuals
Individualism and Collectivism have
different emphasis when it comes to:

❏ Social Relations,
❏ Social Obligations,
❏ and the social self.
 Social Relations

Individualism Collectivism
Concern from Nurturing and
maintaining relations maintaining
that yield personal harmonious relations
benefits( exchange with others (
orientation) communal Orientation)
 Social Obligations

Individualism Collectivism
Behavior is guided by Guided by a group
personal attitudes and norms, roles and
preferences. decision made by
leaders and the group.
 Social Motives

Individualism Collectivism
Satisfaction comes Group is protected at
from personal triumph all costs.
in competitions w/
others.
 Social Self

Individualism Collectivism
Independent Interdependent
 What processes transform an
individual’s sense of self into a
collective, social thinking?
FROM PERSONAL IDENTITY TO SOCIAL IDENTITY
 Evaluating the Self in the Group

Collective Self-Esteem
❏ Identity and self-worth is tied to the
group.

❏ A person’s self-concept that is based

on their relationship with other and
membership in a social group.
 Protecting the Collective Self

1. In- group Our Group Bias

❏ exaggerating the differences between
groups- extolling the virtue of their
groups and antagonizing other groups
 Protecting the Collective Self

2. Basking in Reflected Glory (BIRG)

❏ Stressing association with successful

groups.
3. Social Creativity
❏ People restrict comparisons to areas
where the group is strong and avoid
areas where the group is weak
 Protecting the Personal Self

1. Stereotype Threat
❏ Individuals will refuse to become
connected and be seen as stereotype
threat
2. Individual Mobility
❏ Individuals try to reduce connection to
the group to minimize stereotype threat
 Conclusion...

Once the members join in a group, they

can seek their own goals(
individualism), and collective motives
make the boundary between the self
and other, resulting in a collective,
group -level identity.
 Activity Time...

On the same link (google sheet) pls put

you name beside the name of the
person you don’t have any strong
connection.
 Mirroring Time...

With your partner, spend time to talk to

one another and answer the following:

1. What do you feel about this pandemic?

2. How would you describe your life while
you are in quarantine caused by this
pandemic.