1.

The researcher who is conducting the research must be ___ and neutral in
approach.
Ans. Objective

2. Research always requires a ___ and ___ method of inquiry

Ans. Structured, sequential

3. Research is done for ___ existing theories or arriving at new ___

Ans. Proving, models

4. An important aspect of business research is its ___ assisting nature.

Ans. Decision

5. Applied research is the kind of research where one needs to apply specific
statistical procedures. (True/ false)
Ans. False

6. In basic research, the context is vast and the time period is flexible. (True/ false)
Ans. True

7. The research that is especially carried out to test and validate the study hypotheses
is termed
(a) Fundamental resaeach
(b) Applied research
(c) Conclusive research
(d) Exploratory research
Ans. (c) Conclusive research

8. The research studies that explore the effect of one thing on another and more
specifically, the effect of one variable on another are known as
(a) Causal research
(b) Applied research
(c) Conclusive research
(d) Exploratory research
Ans. (a) Causal research

9. Every research study always begins with a hypothesis. (True/ false)

Ans. False

10. The group of individuals from whom one needs to collect data for the study is
called the sample. (True/ false)
Ans. True

11. The assumption about the expected result of the research is called the ___.
Ans. Hypothesis

12. The data collection methods may be classified into ___ and ___ data methods.
Ans. Primary, secondary
13. Marketing department of a business organization carries out researches related
to:
(a) Product
(b) Pricing
(c) Promotion
(d) All the above
Ans. (d) All the above

14. Demand forecasting, and quality assurance and management are part of
(a) Personnel and human resource management
(b) Marketing function
(c) Financial and accounting research
(d) Production and operations management
Ans. (a) Production and operations management

15. The research study must follow a ___ plan for investigation.
Ans. Sequential

16. One of the most important aspects of a research study is that it must be ___ if
one follows similar conditions.
Ans. Replicable

17. The management decision problem must be reduced to a ___ problem.

Ans. Research

18. A research problem can be defined as ___ in the decision makers’ existing body
of knowledge which inhibits efficient decision making.
Ans. A gap

19. Simple research problems usually test ___ relationships.

Ans. Linear

20. Complex problems look at the interrelationship between ___ variables.

Ans. Multiple

21. The management problem is a difficulty face by the ___

Ans. Decision maker

22. The management research problem has to be converted into a ___ before it can
be tested.
Ans. Research problem

23. The management decision problem can be tested, that is, subjected to research
inquiry.
(True/ False)
Ans. False

24. How can students be made to learn the course on research methodology is a
research problem. (True/False)
Ans. False
25. Which of these is not a step in the problem identification process?
(a) Discussion with subject experts
(b) Review of existing literature
(c) Theoretical foundation and model building
(d) Management decision making
Ans. (d) Management decision making

26. The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2001) and
the Chicago Manual of Style (1993) are:
(a) Well known works on research
(b) Referencing style guides in management
(c) Publishing journals
(d) Management journals
Ans. (b) Referencing style guides in management

27. A valuable source of problem formulation is based on informal interviews

conducted with industry experts. (True/False)
Ans. True

28. Formulation of the research problem does not require primary data collection.
(True/False)
Ans. False

29. The causal variable is also called the ___ variable.

Ans. Independent

30. The ___ variable is also called the effect.

Ans. Dependent

31. If one evaluates the impact of the pedagogy of Prof. N S on the research methods
course grades of students, then Prof. N S, here, is the unit of analysis. (True/False)
Ans. False

32. Moderating variables are the ones that have a strong effect on the relationship
between the independent and dependent variables. (True/False)
Ans. True

33. The hypotheses are always made in question form. (True/False)

Ans. False

34. The hypotheses must be measurable and quantifiable. (True/False)

Ans. True

35. The hypotheses that a talk about the relation between two or more variables is
called ___ hypotheses.
Ans. Relational

36. If one is making a proposition about the magnitude or behavior of a particular

population, we call it a ___ hypothesis.
Ans. Descriptive
37. A formal document that presents the research objectives, design of achieving
these objectives, and the expected outcomes/deliverables of the study is called
(a) Research design
(b) Research proposal
(c) Research hypothesis
(d) Research report
Ans. (b) Research proposal

38. In a research proposal, the time-bound dissemination of the study with the major
phases of the research has to be presented using the
(a) CPM
(b) GANTT charts
(c) PERT charts
(d) All the above
Ans. (d) All the above

39. Academic proposals require extensive literature review. (True/False)

Ans. True

40. External organizational proposals are generally conducted by external research

agencies. (True/False)
Ans. True

41. The execution details of the research question to be investigated are referred to as
the ___.
Ans. Research design

42. Research designs come ___ the problem formulation stage.

Ans. After

43. Researcher design is the same as the research method. (True/false)

Ans. False

44. The formulated design must ensure:

(a) Converting the research question and the hypotheses into measurable variables
(b) Specifying the process to complete the above task
(c) Specifying the ‘control mechanism(s)’
(d) All the above
Ans. (d) All the above

45. Previously collected findings in facts and figures which have been authenticated
and published are referred to as ___.
Ans. Secondary data sources

46. A carefully selected small set of individuals representative of the larger

respondent population under study is called a ___.
Ans. Focus group
47. The case study method is generally focused on a single unit of analysis.
(True/False)
Ans. True

48. Expert opinion survey and respondent group discussions together form a two-
tiered research design. (True/False)
Ans. False

49. A research study that tracks the profile of a typical social networking user is an
example of an exploratory research design. (True/False)
Ans. False

50. If one wants to assess changes in investment behavior of the general public over
time, the best design available to the researcher is a longitudinal design. (True/False)
Ans. True

51. A study to analyze the profile of the supporters of Anna Hazare would need a
cross-sectional research design. (True/False)
Ans. True

52. Married couples are the unit of analysis in a cohort analysis. (True/False)
Ans. False

53. Different groups of people tested over a single stretch of time is a special
characteristic of a longitudinal design. (True/False)
Ans. False

54. The research variable in a longitudinal research design is studied over fixed
intervals in time. (True/False)
Ans. True

55. Descriptive designs do not require any quantitative statistical analysis.

(True/False)
Ans. False

56. ___ validity refers to the generalization of the sample results to that of the
population.
Ans. External

57. Test units are selected at random in a quasi-experimental design. (True/ False)
Ans. False

58. There cannot be more than two independent variables in a factorial experiment.
(True/False)
Ans. False

59. There is no possibility of error in true experimental research design. (True/False)

Ans. False
60. In the true experimental design and statistical design, the respondents are
selected at random which may not be the case in real life. (True/False)
Ans. True

61. The data that is always collected first in a research study is called ___ data.
Ans. Primary

62. ___ data is not always specific to the research problem under study.
Ans. Secondary

63. Census data is an example of the primary data source. (True/False)

Ans. False

64. Sampling frame of the respondent population is an example of secondary data.

(True/False)
Ans. True

65. Primary data methods have a significant time and cost advantage over secondary
data. (True/False)
Ans. False

66. Cash register receipt is an example of ___ secondary data sources.

Ans. Internal

67. Customer grievance data available with the company is an important source of
___ data.
Ans. Secondary

68. Statistical abstracts of India are prepared by ___.

Ans. Central Statistical Organization

69. The ___ prepares the National Sample Survey (NSS).

Ans. Ministry of Planning

70. Poor’s Statistical Services is a government publication on the people below the
poverty line. (True/False)
Ans. False

71. Syndicate sources are periodic in nature. (True/False)

Ans. True

72. Observation is a direct method of collecting

(a) Primary data
(b) Secondary data
(c) Both
(d) Published data
Ans. (a) Primary data
73. Observing the remains or the leftovers of the consumers’ basket is referred to as
(a) Structured observation
(b) Unstructured observation
(c) Trace analysis
(d) Mechanical observation
Ans. (c) Trace analysis

74. In case one wants to know why some people use plastic bags for carrying their
groceries even after the imposition of a ban on plastic bags by the Delhi Government,
one may use the observation method to collect the data. (True/False)
Ans. False

75. Usually the observation method entails that the observation is disguised, i.e.,
carried out without the respondent’s knowledge. (True/False)
Ans. False

1) Who was the author of the book named "Methods in Social Research"?

a. Kerlinger
b. CR Kothari
c. Goode and Hatt
d. Wilkinson

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Answer: c) Goode and Halt

Explanation: The book named "Methods in Social Research" was authored by Goode

and Hatt on Dec 01, 1952, which was specifically aimed to improve student's
knowledge as well as response skills.

2) What is the major attribute of Correlation Analysis?

a. Association among variables

b. Difference among variables
c. Regression among variables
d. Variations among variables

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Answer: a) Association among variables

Explanation: Mainly the correlational analysis focus on finding the association
between one or more quantitative independent variables and one or more
quantitative dependent variables.

3) What is the name of the conceptual framework in which the research is carried out?

a. Research hypothesis
b. Synopsis of Research
c. Research paradigm
d. Research design

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Answer: d) Research design

Explanation: A conceptual framework can be understood as a Research design that

you require before research.

4) What is the main role of research in education?

13.3M
310
C++ vs Java

a. To upsurge one's social status.

b. To increase one's job prospects.
c. To augment one's personal growth.
d. To help an applicant in becoming a renowned educationalist.

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Answer: d) To help an applicant in becoming a renowned educationalist

Explanation: Educational research can be defined as an assurance for reviewing and

improving educational practice, which will result in becoming a renowned
educationalist.

5) Which of the following features are considered as critical in qualitative research?

 a. Collecting data with the help of standardized research tools.
b. Design sampling with probability sample techniques.
c. Collecting data with bottom-up empirical evidence.
d. Gathering data with top-down schematic evidence.

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Answer: c) Collecting data with bottom-up empirical evidence.

Explanation: In qualitative research, we use an inductive methodology that starts

from particular to general. In other words, we study society from the bottom, then
move upward to make the theories.

6) How is random sampling helpful?

a. Reasonably accurate
b. An economical method of data collection
c. Free from personal biases
d. All of the above

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Answer: d) All of the above

Explanation: In random sampling, for each element of the set, there exist a
possibility to get selected.

7) A research intends to explore the result of possible factors for the organization of
effective mid-day meal interventions. Which research method will be most appropriate
for this study?

a. Descriptive survey method

b. Historical method
c. Ex-post facto method
d. Experimental method

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Answer: c) Ex-post facto method

Explanation: Mainly in the ex-post facto method, the existing groups with qualities
are compared on some dependent variable. It is also known as quasi-experimental
for the fact that instead of randomly assigning the subjects, they are grouped on the
basis of a particular characteristic or trait.

8) Tippit table refers to as _________

a. Table of random digits

b. The table used in sampling methods
c. The table used in statistical investigations
d. All of the above

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Answer: d) All of the above

Explanation: Tippit table was first published by L.H.C Tippett in 1927.

9) In order to pursue the research, which of the following is priorly required?

a. Developing a research design

b. Formulating a research question
c. Deciding about the data analysis procedure
d. Formulating a research hypothesis

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Answer: b) Formulating a research question

Explanation: Before starting with research, it is necessary to have a research

question or a topic because once the problem is identified, then we can decide the
research design.

10) The format of thesis writing is the same as in

 a. Writing of Seminar representation
b. Preparation of research paper/article
c. A research dissertation
d. Presenting a workshop/conference paper

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Answer: c) A research dissertation

Explanation: The format of thesis writing is similar to that of a research dissertation,

or we can simply say that dissertation is another word for a thesis.

11) Which one among the following statements is false in the context of participatory
research?

a. It recognizes knowledge as power

b. It is a collective process of inquiry
c. It emphasizes people as experts
d. Its sole purpose is the production of knowledge

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Answer: d) Its sole purpose is the production of knowledge

Explanation: Participatory action research is a kind of research that stresses

participation and action.

12) Which one among the following statement is true in the context of the testing of
hypotheses?

a. It is only the alternative hypotheses that can be tested.

b. It is only the null hypotheses that can be tested.
c. Both the alternative and the null hypotheses can be tested.
d. Both the alternative and the null hypotheses cannot be tested.

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Answer: b) It is only the null hypothesis that can be tested.

Explanation: Hypotheses testing evaluates its plausibility by using sample data.

13) What are the conditions in which Type-I error occurs?

a. The null hypotheses get accepted even if it is false

b. The null hypotheses get rejected even if it is true
c. Both the null hypotheses as well as alternative hypotheses are rejected
d. None of the above

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Answer: b) The null hypotheses get rejected even if it is true

Explanation: The Type-I Error can be defined as the first kind of error.

14) Research and Development become the index of development of the country. Which
of the following reasons are true with regards to this statement?

a. R&D targets human development

b. R&D can enhance people's standard of living in the country
c. R&D reflects the actual economic and social conditions being prevailed in the
country
d. All the above

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Answer: d) All of the above.

Explanation: No explanation.

15) What does the longitudinal research approach actually deal with?

a. Long-term research
b. Short-term research
c. Horizontal research
d. None of the above
Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: a) Long-term research

Explanation: In general, the longitudinal approach is long-term research in which

the researchers keep on examining similar individuals to detect if any change has
occurred over a while.

16) What do you understand by the term "Anusandhan"?

a. Goal-oriented
b. Following an aim
c. Attaining an aim
d. Praying to achieve an aim

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Answer: b) Following an aim

Explanation: No explanation.

17) Evaluation Research is concerned with __________

a. How well are we doing?

b. Why are we doing?
c. What are we doing?
d. None of the above

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Answer: a) How well are we doing?

Explanation: Instead of focusing on the process, the evaluation research measures

the consequences of the process, for example, if the objectives are met or not.

18) Which of the following does not correspond to characteristics of research?

 a. Research is not passive
b. Research is systematic
c. Research is not a problem-oriented
d. Research is not a process

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Answer: d) Research is not a process

Explanation: Research is an inspired and systematic work that is undertaken by the

researchers to intensify expertise.

19) Which of the following options are the main tasks of research in modern society?

a. To learn new things

b. To keep pace with the advancement in knowledge
c. To systematically examine and critically analyze the investigations/sources
with the objective
d. All of the above

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Answer: d) All of the above

Explanation: Research is an inspired and systematic work that is undertaken by the

researchers to intensify expertise.

20) What is the main aim of interdisciplinary research?

a. To over simplify the problem of research

b. To bring out the holistic approach to research
c. To create a new trend in research methodology
d. To reduce the emphasis on a single subject in the research domain

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Answer: b) To bring out the holistic approach to research

Explanation: Particularly in interdisciplinary research, it combines two or more
hypothetical disciplines into one activity.

21) The main aim of the scientific method in the research field is to _________

a. Improve data interpretation

b. Confirm triangulation
c. Introduce new variables
d. Eliminate spurious relations

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Answer: d) Eliminate spurious relations

Explanation: Scientific research aims to build knowledge by hypothesizing new

theories and discovering laws.

22) A researcher is interested in studying the prospects of a particular political party in

an urban area. So, what tool should he prefer for the study?

a. Rating Scale
b. Interview
c. Questionnaire
d. Schedule

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Answer: c) Questionnaire

Explanation: Since it is an urban area, so there is a probability of literacy amongst a

greater number of people. Also, there would be numerous questions over the ruling
period of a political party, which cannot be simply answered by rating. The rating can
only be considered if any political party has done some work, which is why the
Questionnaire is used.

23) The conclusions/findings of which type of research cannot be generalized to other

situations?
 a. Casual Comparative Research
b. Historical Research
c. Descriptive Research
d. Experimental Research

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Answer: b) Historical Research

Explanation: One cannot generalize historical research in the USA, which has been
done in India.

24) How to judge the depth of any research?

a. By research title
b. By research duration
c. By research objectives
d. By total expenditure on research

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Answer: c) By research objectives

Explanation: Research objectives concisely demonstrate what we are trying to

achieve through the research.

25) Who can successfully conduct Research?

a. Someone who is a hard worker

b. Possesses post-graduation degree
c. Has studied research methodology
d. Possesses thinking and reasoning ability

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Answer: c) Has studied research methodology

Explanation: Anyone who has studied the research methodology can undergo the
research.

26) Which of the following is not the method of Research?

a. Survey
b. Historical
c. Observation
d. Philosophical

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Answer: c) Observation

Explanation: Mainly the research method comprises strategies, processes or

techniques that are being utilized to collect the data or evidence so as to reveal new
information or create a better understanding of a topic.

27) A research problem is feasible only when

a. It has utility and relevance

b. It is new and adds something to knowledge
c. It is researchable
d. All of the above

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Answer: d) All of the above

Explanation: A research problem can be defined as a statement about the area of

interest, a condition that is required to be improved, a difficulty that has to be
eradicated, or any disquieting question existing in scholarly literature, in theory, or in
practice that points to be solved.

28) Circle graphs are used to show

a. How is one part related to other parts?

 b. How various sections share in the whole?
c. How is one whole related to another whole?
d. How are various parts related to the whole?

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Answer: d) How are various parts related to the whole?

Explanation: A circle graph helps in visualizing information as well as the data.

29) Authenticity of a research finding is its

a. Validity
b. Objectivity
c. Originality
d. All of the above

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Answer: b) Objectivity

Explanation: No explanation.

30) Which one is called non-probability sampling?

a. Quota sampling
b. Cluster sampling
c. Systematic sampling
d. Stratified random sampling

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Answer: a) Quota sampling

Explanation: In non-probability sampling, all the members do not get an equal

opportunity to participate in the study.
31) What does a good thesis involve?

a) Reducing punctuations as well as grammatical errors to minimalist

b) Correct reference citations
c) Consistency in the way of thesis writing
d) Well defined abstract

Select the answers from the codes given below:

a. b), c) and d)
b. a), b), c) and d)
c. a), b) and c)
d. a), b) and d)

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Answer: B. a), b), c) and d)

Explanation: All of the above.

32) Which one among the following statements is correct in context to research?

a) Research refers to a series of systematic activity or activities undertaken to find out

the solution to a problem.
b) It is a systematic, logical and unbiased process wherein verification of hypotheses,
data analysis, interpretation and formation of principles can be done.
c) It is an intellectual inquiry or quest towards truth,
d) It enhances knowledge.

Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

a. a), b), c) and d)

b. a), b) and c)
c. b), c) and d)
d. a), c) and d)

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Answer: A. a), b), c) and d)

Explanation: All of the above.

33) On what basis did Jean Piaget give his theory of cognitive development of humans?

a. Evaluation Research
b. Fundamental Research
c. Applied Research
d. Action Research

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Answer: b) Fundamental Research

Explanation: Jean Piaget, in his cognitive-developmental theory, proposed the idea

that children can actively construct knowledge simply by exploring and manipulating
the world around them.

34) What are the core elements of a dissertation?

a. Introduction; Data Collection; Data Analysis; Conclusions and

Recommendations
b. Executive Summary; Literature Review; Data Gathered; Conclusions;
Bibliography
c. Research Plan; Research Data; Analysis; References
d. Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results; Discussions
and Conclusions

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Answer: d) Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results;

Discussions and Conclusions

Explanation: The core elements of the dissertation are as follows:

Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results; Discussions and

Conclusions

35) "Sampling Cases" can be defined as

 a. Sampling using a sampling frame
b. Identifying people who are suitable for research
c. Literally the researcher's brief case
d. A sampling of people, newspapers, television programs etc.

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Answer: d) A sampling of people, newspapers, television programs etc.

Explanation: In general, sampling in case study research involves decisions made by

the researchers regarding the strategies of sampling, the number of case studies, and
the definition of the unit of analysis.

36) Which technique is generally followed when the population is finite?

a. Systematic Sampling Technique

b. Purposive Sampling Technique
c. Area Sampling Technique
d. None of the above

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Answer: a) Systematic Sampling Technique

Explanation: Systematic sampling can be understood as a probability sampling

method in which the members of the population are selected by the researchers at a
regular interval.

37) Research problem is selected from the standpoint of

a. Social relevance
b. Financial support
c. Researcher's interest
d. Availability of relevant literature

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Answer: a) Social relevance

Explanation: No explanation.

38) The F-test:

a. Is essentially a two-tailed test.

b. Is essentially a one-tailed test.
c. Can be one-tailed as well as two-tailed depending on the hypotheses.
d. Can never be one tailed test.

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Answer: c) Can be one-tailed as well as two-tailed depending on the hypotheses

Explanation: An F-test corresponds to a statistical test in which the test statistic has
an F-distribution under the null hypothesis.

39) Which one among the following is the most comprehensive source of population
data?

a. Census
b. National Sample Surveys
c. Demographic Health Surveys
d. National Family Health Surveys

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Answer: a) Census

Explanation: Census is an official survey that keeps track of the population data.

40) The process not needed in experimental research is

a. Controlling
b. Observation
c. Reference collection
d. Manipulation and replication
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Answer: b) Observation

Explanation: No explanation.

41) What are those conditions where a research problem is not viable?

a. It is new and adds something to knowledge

b. It can be researched
c. It has utility and relevance
d. It contains dependent and independent variables

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Answer: d) It contains dependent and independent variables

Explanation: A research problem can be defined as a statement about the

concerned area, a condition needed to be improved, a difficulty that has to be
eliminated, or a troubling question existing in scholarly literature, in theory, or in
practice pointing towards the need of delivering a deliberate investigation.

42) How can we enhance the research objective?

a. By making it more valid

b. By making it more reliable
c. By making it more impartial
d. All of the above

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Answer: d) All of the above

Explanation: The research objectives must be concisely described before starting the

research as it illustrates what we are going to achieve as an end result after the
accomplishment.
43) Action-research can be understood as ___________

a. A longitudinal research
b. An applied research
c. A kind of research being carried out to solve a specific problem
d. All of the above

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Answer: c) A kind of research being carried out to solve a specific problem

Explanation: In general, action research is termed as a philosophy or a research

methodology, which is implemented in social sciences.

44) On what basis can one formulate the assumptions?

a. The cultural background of the country

b. Universities
c. Some specific characteristics of castes
d. All of the above

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Answer: a) The cultural background of the country

Explanation: An assumption can be identified as an unexamined belief, which we

contemplate without even comprehending it. Also, the conclusions that we draw are
often based on assumptions.

45) Which one among the following falls under the category of research development?

a. Descriptive Research
b. Philosophical Research
c. Action Research
d. All of the above

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Answer: d) All of the above

Explanation: No explanation.

46) What is the use of Factorial Analysis?

a. For setting the hypotheses

b. To understand the difference between two variables
c. To understand the relationship between two variables
d. To understand the difference between various variables

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Answer: b) To understand the difference between two variables

Explanation: Factor analysis can be understood as a statistical method that defines

the variability between two variables in terms of factors, which are nothing but
unobserved variables.

47) What is the best-suited name for a process that doesn't necessitate experimental
research?

a. Manipulation
b. Controlling
c. Content analysis
d. Observation

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Answer: a) Manipulation

Explanation: In an experimental research design, whenever the independent

variables (i.e., treatment variables or factors) decisively get altered by researchers,
then that process is termed as an experimental manipulation.

48) Which one among the following variables cannot be expressed in quantitative terms?
 a. Numerical Aptitude
b. Marital Status
c. Socio-economic Status
d. Professional Attitude

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Answer: d) Professional Attitude

Explanation: A professional attitude is an ability that inclines you to manage your

time, portray a leadership quality, make you self-determined and persistent.

49) The "Sociogram" technique is used to study _________

a. Vocational Interest
b. Human Relations
c. Professional Competence
d. Achievement Motivation

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Answer: b) Human Relations

Explanation: The term sociogram can be defined as a graphical representation of

human relation that portrays the social links formed by one particular person.

50) Which one among the following phrases does not correspond to the meaning of
research as a process?

a. Problem Solving
b. Trial and Error
c. Objective Observation
d. Systematic Activity

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Answer: c) Objective Observation

Explanation: The research process comprises classifying, locating, evaluating, and
investigating the data, which is required to support your research question, followed
by developing and expressing your ideas