CSEP Flashcards V 4 8

Text 1
What is an activity?
What is an enabling system?
What is an organization?
What is a process?
What is a project?
What is a stage?
What is a system?
What is a system element?
What is a system-of-interest?
What is a system-of-systems?
What is Systems Engineering?
Name the stages of the life-cycle-model!
What processes are included in the Technical

Processes?
What processes are included in the Technical
Management Processes?
What processes are included in the Agreement

Processes?
What processes are included in the Organizational

Project-Enabling Processes?
What is the difference between an Input and a

Control in the context diagram?
What are the Activities of the Business or Mission

Analysis process? Choose 5
A. Define the problem or opportunity space
B. Characterize the solution space
C. Analyze business or mission analysis
requirements
D. Manage the business or mission analysis
E. Develop the operational concept and other life
cycle concepts
F. Evaluate alternative solution classes
G. Define stakeholder needs
H. Prepare for business or mission analysis
What are the Activities of the Stakeholder Needs and
Requirements definition process? Choose 3 (1/2)
A. Prepare for stakeholder needs and requirements
definition
B. Develop the operational concept and other life
cycle concepts
C. Characterize the solution space
D. Analyze stakeholder requirements
E. Evaluate alternative solution classes
What are the Activities of the Stakeholder Needs and

Requirements definition process? Choose 3 (2/2)
A. Assess architecture candidates
B. Define stakeholder needs
C. Define the problem or opportunity space
D. Transform stakeholder needs into stakeholder
requirements
E. Manage the stakeholder needs and requirements
definition
What are the Activities of the System Requirements
definition process? Choose 4
A. Develop the operational concept and other life
cycle concepts
B. Manage the system requirements
C. Prepare for system requirements definition
D. Define the problem or opportunity space
E. Define system requirements
F. Assess architecture candidates
G. Analyze system requirements
What are the Activities of the Architecture definition
process? Choose 3 (1/2)
A. Define stakeholder needs
cycle concepts
C. Prepare for architecture definition
D. Develop models and views of candidate
architectures
E. Manage the selected architecture
What are the Activities of the Architecture definition
process? Choose 3 (2/2)
A. Analyze business or mission analysis
requirements
B. Develop architecture viewpoints
C. Evaluate alternative solution classes
D. Relate the architecture to design
E. Assess architecture candidates
What are the Activities of the Design definition
process? Choose 4
A. Analyze design definition
B. Manage the design
C. Prepare for design definition
D. Evaluate alternative solution classes
E. Establish design characteristics and design
enablers related to each system element
F. Assess alternatives for obtaining system elements
G. Develop the operational concept and other life
cycle concepts
What are the Activities of the System analysis

process? Choose 3
A. Perform system analysis
B. Make and manage decision
C. Prepare for system analysis
D. Manage system analysis
E. Perform product or service evaluations
What are the Activities of the Implementation
process? Choose 3
A. Perform Implementation
C. Prepare for Implementation
D. Manage results of Implementation
E. Perform product or service evaluations
What are the Activities of the Integration process?
Choose 3
A. Perform Integration
C. Manage results of Integration
D. Analyze design definition
E. Prepare for Integration
What are the Activities of the Verification process?
Choose 3
A. Manage results of Verification
B. Perform Verification
D. Perform product or service evaluations
E. Prepare for Verification
What are the Activities of the Transition process?
Choose 3
A. Manage results of Transition
D. Perform the Transition
E. Prepare for the Transition
What are the Activities of the Validation process?
Choose 3
A. Perform Validation
B. Analyze stakeholder requirements
C. Prepare for Validation
E. Manage results of Validation
What are the Activities of the Operation process?
Choose 4
A. Develop the maintenance strategy
B. Manage results of Operation
C. Support the customer
D. Finalize the operation
E. Perform operation
F. Prepare for operation
What are the Activities of the Maintenance process?
Choose 4
A. Prepare for Disposal process
B. Manage results of Maintenance and logistics
C. Perform logistics support
D. Perform Maintenance
E. Support the customer
F. Prepare for Maintenance
What are the Activities of the Disposal process?
Choose 3
A. Finalize the Disposal
cycle concepts
C. Prepare for Disposal
D. Manage results of Disposal
E. Perform Disposal
What are the Activities of the Project Planning
process? Choose 3
A. Define the project
B. Plan project and technical management
C. Control the project
D. Assess the project
E. Activate the project
What are the Activities of the Project Assessment
and Control process? Choose 3
A. Plan for project Assessment and control
B. Assess the project
C. Define the project
D. Control the project
E. Plan project and technical management
What are the Activities of the Decision Management
process? Choose 3
A. Define Decision Management
B. Prepare for decisions
C. Analyze the decision information
D. Plan Decision Management
E. Make and manage decisions
F. Analyse decisions
What are the Activities of the Risk Management
Process? Choose 5
A. Plan risk management
B. Prepare for risk management
C. Manage the risk profile
D. Analyze risks
E. Control risks
F. Treat risks
G. Monitor risks
H. Select risks
What are the Activities of the Configuration
Management process? Choose 3 (1/2)
A. Analyze Configurations
B. Plan configuration management
C. Perform configuration identification
D. Manage configuration evaluation
E. Perform configuration change management
What are the Activities of the Configuration
Management process? Choose 3 (2/2)
A. Perform Configuration status accounting
B. Perform configuration evaluation
C. Manage configuration evaluation
D. Perform release control
E. Collect Configurations
What are the Activities of the Information
Management process? Choose 2
A. Plan Information Mangement
B. Prepare for Information Management
C. Perform Information Management
D. Analyze the Information Management
What are the Activities of the Measurement process?
Choose 2
A. Prepare for measurement
B. Manage measurement
C. Plan measurement
D. Perform measurement
What are the Activities of the Quality Assurance
process? (1/2) Choose 3
A. Formulate Quality guidelines
B. Define Quality criteria
C. Prepare for quality assurance
E. Perform process evaluations
What are the Activities of the Quality Assurance
process? (2/2) Choose 2
A. Manage QA records and reports
B. Perform Quality tests
C. Force the quality awareness
D. Treat incidents and problems
What are the Activities of the Acquisition process?
Choose 5
A. Establish and maintain an agreement
B. Execute the agreement
C. Accept the product or service
D. Prepare for the acquisition
E. Respond to a tender
F. Advertise the acquisition and select the supplier
G. Deliver and support the product or service
H. Monitor the agreement
What are the Activities of the Supply process?

Choose 5
A. Monitor the agreement
B. Respond to a tender
C. Establish and maintain an agreement
D. Accept the product or service
E. Execute the agreement
F. Prepare for the supply
G. Advertise the supply and select the acquirer
H. Deliver and support the product or service
What are the Activities of the LifeCycle Model
A. Control the process
B. Establish the process
C. Analyze the process
D. Assess the process
E. Improve the process
What are the Activities of the Infrastructure
A. Establish the infrastructure
B. Maintain the infrastructure
C. Analyze infrastructure
D. Plan infrastructure
What are the Activities of the Portfolio Management
process? Choose 3
A. Analyze the projects
B. Define and authorize projects
C. Evaluate the portfolio of projects
D. Calculate the project costs
E. Terminate projects
F. Control the projects
What are the Activities of the Human Resource
A. Identify skills
B. Develop skills
C. Teach skills
D. Acquire and provide skills
E. Analyze skills
What are the Activities of the Quality Management
process? Choose 3
A. Analyze quality management costs
B. Plan quality management
C. Perform quality management
D. Assess quality management
E. Perform quality management corrective action
and preventive action
What are the Activities of the Knowledge
A. Plan Knowledge Management
B. Analyze Knowledge of the personnel
C. Share Knowledge and skills throughout the
organization
D. Share Knowledge assets throughout the
organization
E. Manage knowledge, skills, and knowledge assets
F. Assess Knowledge management
G. Control Knowledge management
What are the Activities of the Tailoring process?

(1/2) Choose 3
A. Identify and record the circumstances that
influence tailoring
B. Take due account of the life cycle structures
recommended or mandated by standards
C. Asses Tailoring
D. Plan project and technical management
E. Obtain input from parties affected by the tailoring
decisions
What are the Activities of the Tailoring process?
(2/2) Choose 2
A. Make tailoring decisions
B. Perform corrective tailoring actions
C. Analyze infrastructure
D. Select life cycle processes that require tailoring
What are the inputs for the Business or Mission

analysis Process? (Choose 6)
A. Source documents
B. Stakeholder requirements traceability
C. Enterprise policies
D. OpsCon
E. Project constraints
F. Life cycle constraints
G. Business Case
H. Organizational strategic plan
I. Stakeholders' needs
J. Agreements
What are the outputs of the Business or Mission
analysis Process? (Choose 11)
A. Business or mission analysis strategy
B. Alternative solutions classes
C. Major stakeholder identification
D. Stakeholder requirements
E. Preliminary life cycle concepts
F. Preliminary validation criteria
G. Business requirements traceability
H. Negotiated requirements
I. Evaluation criteria
J. Preliminary MOE data
K. Preliminary MOE needs
L. Problem or opportunity statement
M. System requirements
N. Business requirements
O. Validation criteria
P. Business or mission analysis record
Q. Risk mitigation strategy
What are the inputs for the Stakeholder Needs and
Requirements Process? (Choose 12)
A. Source documents
B. Initial RVTM
C. OpsCon
D. System requirement traceability
E. Stakeholder Needs
F. Preliminary verification criteria
G. Preliminary life cycle concepts
H. Quality assurance policies
I. Problem or opportunity statement
J. Preliminary MOE needs
K. Preliminary MOE data
L. Architecture traceability
M. Life cycle constraints
N. Business requirements traceability
O. Major stakeholder identification
P. Preliminary validation criteria
Q. Supplier agreements
R. Alternative solutions classes
S. Enterprise policies
T. Implementation constraints
U. Project status
V. Project constraints
W. Business requirements
What are the outputs of the Stakeholder Needs and
Requirements Process? (Choose 10)
A. Stakeholder needs and requirements definition
strategy
B. Acquisition strategy
C. Stakeholder requirements traceability
D. Risk mitigation strategy
E. Verification criteria
F. Initial RVTM
G. System function identification
H. MOP needs
I. Life cycle concepts
J. Stakeholder requirements
K. Design guidelines
L. Validation criteria
M. Stakeholder needs and requirements definition
record
N. MOE needs
O. System requirements
P. MOP data
Q. Alternative solutions
R. MOE data
S. Evaluation criteria
What are the inputs for the System Requirements
Definition Process? Choose 8
A. Life cycle concepts
B. Enterprise policies
C. Initial Design traceability
E. Initial RVTM
F. MOE needs
G. Stakeholder needs and requirements definition
record
H. System function identification
I. Validation criteria
J. Life cycle constraints
K. Stakeholder requirements traceability
L. Project constraints
M. MOE data
N. System function definition
O. Stakeholder needs
P. Architecture traceability
Q. Final RVTM
What are the outputs of the System Requirements
Definition Process? Choose 10
A. System requirements definition strategy
B. Test cases
C. System requirements definition record
D. MOP data
E. Preliminary TPM needs
F. System element descriptions
G. Documentation tree
H. Validation criteria
I. Preliminary TPM data
J. System requirements traceability
K. Interface definition
L. Updated RVTM
M. System functional interface identification
N. MOP needs
O. Verification criteria
P. System function definition
Q. System requirements
R. Initial Design traceability
What are the inputs for the Architecture Definition
Process? Choose 9
B. Preliminary TPM data
C. System requirements
D. Interface definition update identification
E. Updated RVTM
F. MOE needs
G. Design traceability
H. Enterprise policies
I. Life cycle constraints
K. MOE data
M. Verification criteria
N. Project constraints
O. Project status
Q. Preliminary TPM needs
R. System functional interface identification
What are the outputs of the Architecture Definition
Process? Choose 9
A. Architecture definition strategy
B. MOP data
C. TPM needs
D. Preliminary TPM needs
E. Documentation tree
F. Verification criteria
G. TPM data
H. Validation criteria
I. Preliminary interface definition
J. Verification criteria
K. Supply concept
L. Acquisition strategy
M. System architecture rationale
N. Architecture traceability
O. Preliminary TPM data
P. System architecture description
Q. MOP needs
R. Architecture definition record
What are the inputs for the Design Definition
Process? Choose 13
B. Preliminary interface definition
C. Preliminary TPM data
D. System functional interface identification
E. MOE needs
F. System function definition
G. Implementation traceability
H. Decision criteria
I. Verification criteria
J. System architecture description
K. Architecture traceability
L. MOE data
O. Preliminary TPM needs
P. Enterprise policies
Q. Validation criteria
R. Life cycle constraints
S. Interface definition update identification
T. System architecture rationale
What are the outputs of the Design Definition
Process? Choose 9
A. Design definition strategy
B. Design definition record
C. Integration guidelines
D. Validation criteria
E. System element descriptions
F. Interface definition
G. System design rationale
H. Test cases
I. Documentation tree
J. TPM needs
K. Initial Design traceability
L. TPM data
M. Interface definition
N. System design description
O. Design traceability
What are the inputs for the System Analysis
Process? Choose 3
B. Verification criteria
C. Validation criteria
D. Analysis situations
E. Decision criteria
What are the outputs of the System Analysis
Process? Choose 3
A. System analysis strategy
B. System analysis constraints
C. System analysis procedure
D. System analysis requirements
E. System analysis report
F. System analysis record
What are the inputs for the Implementation Process?
Choose X
B. System design description
C. Interface definition
D. Enterprise policies
E. System architecture rationale
H. Design traceability
I. MOE needs
K. Implementation constraints
L. System element description
M. Project constraints
N. MOE data
What are the outputs of the Implementation
Process? Choose X
A. Implementation strategy
B. Implementation report
C. Integrated system or system elements
D. Implementation enabling system requirements
E. Implementation traceability
F. Accepted system or system element
G. Test cases
H. System elements
I. System element documentation
J. Implementation constraints
K. Implementation record
L. Operator/ maintainer training materials
M. Documentation tree
What are the inputs for the Integration Process?
Choose X
B. Implementation record
D. System element description
E. Accepted system or system element
F. System element documentation
G. Integration constraints
H. Implementation report
I. Operator/ maintainer training materials
J. Validated system
K. Implementation traceability
L. system analysis report
N. System elements
What are the outputs of the Integration Process?
Choose X
A. Integration strategy
B. Updated RVTM
C. Integration record
D. Integration report
E. Integration constraints
F. Integration procedure
G. Integrated system or system elements
H. Interface definition update identification
I. Validated system
J. Verified system
K. Integration enabling system requirements
L. System element documentation
What are the inputs for the Verification Process?
Choose X
B. System requirements
C. Integration report
D. Operator/ maintainer training materials
E. Integration report
F. Updated RVTM
G. Verification criteria
H. Stakeholder requirements
J. System element description
L. Integrated System or system elements
M. Validation criteria
What are the outputs of the Verification Process?
Choose X
A. Verification strategy
B. Verification record
C. Operator/ maintainer training materials
D. Verification report
E. Updated RVTM
F. Verification constraints
G. Final RVTM
H. Verification procedure
I. Validated system
J. Verified system
K. Verification enabling system requirements
What are the inputs for the Transition Process?
Choose X
B. Verification report
C. Life cycle constraints
D. Verified system
E. Validation criteria
F. Validated system
G. Final RVTM
H. Updated RVTM
I. Stakeholder requirements
J. System requirements
K. Operator/ maintainer training materials
What are the outputs of the Transition Process?
Choose X
A. Transition strategy
B. Transition constraints
C. Verified system
D. Transisiton report
E. Transition enabling system requirements
F. Installed system
G. Transition record
H. Updated RVTM
I. Trained operators and maintainers
J. Operator/ maintainer training materials
K. Validated system
L. Transition procedure
What are the inputs for the Validation Process?
Choose X
B. Installed system
C. Stakeholder requirements
F. System requirements
G. Transisiton report
H. Project constraints
I. Final RVTM
J. Validated system
K. Updated RVTM
L. Life cycle constraints
M. Maintenance/ Operation policies
What are the outputs of the Validation Process?
Choose X
A. Validation strategy
B. Validated requirements
C. Validation record
D. Operator/ maintainer training materials
E. Validation procedure
F. Verified system
G. Validation enabling system requirements
H. Updated RVTM
I. Validated system
J. Interface definition update identification
K. Validation constraints
L. Validation report
What are the inputs for the Operation Process?
Choose X
B. Stakeholder requirements
C. Verified system
D. Trained operators and maintainers
E. Life cycle constraints
F. Maintenance report
G. Maintenance constraints
H. Operator/ maintainer training materials
I. Validated system
J. Enterprise policies
K. Validation report
L. System requirements
What are the outputs of the Operation Process?
Choose X
A. Operation strategy
B. Operation procedure
C. Operation record
D. Operation report
E. Operation constraints
F. Trained operators and maintainers
G. Operation enabling system requirements
H. Upadated Operator/ maintainer training materials
I. Operating system
J. Operation requirements
What are the inputs for the Maintenance Process?
Choose X
B. Life cycle constraints
C. Validation report
E. Operation report
F. Validated system
G. Operation constraints
J. Installed system
K. System requirements
L. Enterprise policies
What are the outputs of the Maintenance Process?
Choose X
A. Maintenance strategy
B. Maintenance report
C. Upadated Operator/ maintainer training materials
D. Maintenance record
E. Validated requirements
F. Maintained system
G. Maintenance enabling system requirements
H. Maintenance requirements
I. Maintenance constraints
J. Maintenance procedure
What are the inputs for the Disposal Process?

Choose X
B. Disposal policies
C. Validated system
E. Operation report
G. Disposal Agreements
H. Disposal training materials
I. Validation report
What are the outputs of the Disposal Process?
Choose X
A. Disposal strategy
B. Disposal procedure
C. Verified Disposal concept
D. Disposal constraints
E. Verified Life cycle concepts
F. Disposal requirements
G. Disposal enabling system requirements
H. Updated OpsCon
I. Disposed system
J. Disposal report
K. Disposal record
What are the inputs for the Acquisition Process?
Choose X
A. Organization strategic plan
B. Acquired system
C. Acquisition need
D. System architecture
E. Stakeholder requirements
F. Acquirer evaluation
G. Enabling system requirements
H. System requirements
I. Acquisition reply
What are the outputs of the Acquisition Process?
Choose X
A. Acquisition strategy
B. Request for supply
C. Acquisition constraints
D. Acquisition procedure
F. Acquisition report
G. Acquisition traceability
H. Acquisition record
I. Acquisition requirements
J. Acquisition agreement
What are the inputs for the Supply Process? Choose
X
B. Supply payment
C. Request for supply
D. Validated system
E. Disposed system
F. Acquisition need
H. Acquisition reply
What are the outputs of the Supply Process?
Choose X
A. Supply strategy
B. Supply response
C. Supply report
D. Supply record
E. Supply constraints
F. Supply procedure
G. Supplied system
H. Supply traceability
I. Supply requirements
J. Supply agreement
What are the inputs for the Project planning
Process? (Choose X)
B. Documentation tree
C. Project budget
D. Life cycle models
E. Project portfolio
F. Strategy documents
G. Project performance measures data
H. System architecture description
I. Project status
J. Project direction
K. QM corrective actions
L. Source documents
M. Qualified personnel
N. Project lessons learned
O. Project performance measures needs
P. Project infrastructure
Q. Quality management guideline
R. Risk management strategy
S. Project lessons learned
T. Organization portfolio direction and constraints
U. Organization infrastructure needs
V. Supply response
W. Quality assurance plan
What are the outputs of the Project planning
Process? (Choose X)
A. SEMP
B. Project assessment and control strategy
C. Project performance measures needs
D. Project lessons learned
E. Project infrastructure needs
F. Quaility assurance evaluation report
G. Configuration baselines
H. Project schedule
I. Organization infrastructure needs
J. Aqcuisition need
K. Project schedule
L. WBS
M. Project human resources needs
O. Project planning record
P. Project performance measures data
Q. Project budget
What are the inputs for the Project assesment and
control Process? (Choose X)
A. WBS
B. Project status
C. Configuration baselines
D. Validated requirements
E. Project schedule
F. Project budget
G. SEMP
H. Candidate information items
I. Information baseline
J. Risk management strategy
K. Reports
L. Quaility assurance evaluation report
M. Procedures
N. Quality management guideline
O. Information repository
P. QM corrective actions
Q. Measurement repository
What are the outputs of the Project assesment and
control Process? (Choose X)
A. Project assessment and control strategy
B. Organization tailoring strategy
C. Project performance measures data
D. Project planning record
E. Project direction
F. Project performance measures needs
G. Project lessons learned
H. Project status report
I. Risk management strategy
J. Decision management strategy
K. Project control request
L. Project change request
M. Risk management strategy
N. Life cycle model management plan
O. Project assessment and control record
P. Project infrastructure
What are the inputs for the Decision management
Process? (Choose 1)
A. Decision situation
B. Decision management strategy
C. Information management report
What are the outputs of the Decision management
Process? (Choose 3)
A. Decision management strategy
B. Decision baseline
C. Organization policies, procedures, and assets
D. Decision record
E. Decision report
What are the inputs for the Risk management
Process? (Choose 1)
A. Candidate risks and opportunities
B. Information management strategy
C. Project constraints
What are the outputs of the Risk management
Process? (Choose 3)
A. Risk management strategy
B. Risk report
C. Risk record
D. Quality management guideline
E. Risk criteria
What are the inputs for the Configuration
management Process? (Choose 2)
A. Candidate configuration items
B. Project constraints
C. System architecture description
D. Project change requests
What are the outputs of the Configuration
A. Configuration management strategy
B. Configuration management record
C. Design definition strategy
D. Life cycle model management plan
E. Candidate configuration items
F. Configuration management report
What are the inputs for the Information management
Process? (Choose 2)
A. Candidate information items
B. Information baseline
C. Project change requests
D. Project planning record
What are the outputs of the Information
A. Information management strategy
B. Candidate information items
C. Information repository
D. Information management report
E. Project planning record
F. Information management record
G. Project infrastructure
What are the inputs for the Measurement Process?
(Choose 2)
A. Meaurement needs
B. Measurement data
C. Quality management guideline
What are the outputs of the Measurement Process?
(Choose 4)
A. Measurement management strategy
B. Measurement repository
C. Measurement baseline
D. Measurement management record
E. Measurement management report
F. Quality management report
G. Measurement technique
What are the inputs for the Quality assurance
Process? (Choose 4)
A. Quality management guideline
B. Organization strategic plan
C. Quality management report
D. Quality management plan
E. Quality assurance plan
F. QM corrective actions
What are the outputs of the Quality assurance
Process? (Choose 4)
A. Quality assurance plan
B. Quality assurance evaluation report
C. Quality assurance strategy
D. Quality assurance baseline
E. Quality assurance report
F. Quality assurance record
G. Quality management report
What are the inputs for the Life cycle model
B. QM corrective actions
C. Quality assurance plan
D. Organization tailoring strategy
E. Quality management evaluation report
F. Life cycle model management plan
What are the outputs of the Life cycle model
management Process? (Choose X)
A. Life cycle model management plan
B. Measurement data
C. Project infrastructure
D. Quality assurance report
E. Life cycle models
F. Organization policies, procedures, and assets
G. Project direction
H. Organizational process performance measures
needs
I. Measurement management strategy
J. Organizational process performance measures
data
K. Lyfe cycle model management report
L. Lyfe cycle model management record
What are the inputs for the Infrastructure
B. Organization infrastructure needs
C. Architecture definition strategy
D. Project budget
E. Project schedule
F. Project infrastructure needs
What are the outputs of the Infrastructure
A. Infrastructure management plan
B. Organization tailoring strategy
C. Architecture definition strategy
D. Project human resources needs
E. Infrastrcture management record
F. Organization infrastructure
H. System architecture description
I. Infrastructure management report
What are the inputs for the Portfolio management
Process? (Choose 4)
B. Supply strategy
C. Organization tailoring strategy
D. Project status report
E. Organization portfolio direction and constraints
F. Information repository
What are the outputs of the Portfolio management
Process? (Choose X)
A. Portfolio management plan
B. Project status report
C. Portfolio management record
D. Organization lesson learned
E. Organization tailoring strategy
F. Project direction
G. Portfolio management report
H. Project infrastructure
I. Project change requests
J. Organization infrastructure needs
K. Organization policies, procedures, and assets
L. Project portfolio
What are the inputs for the Portfolio Human resource
B. Organization portfolio direction and constraints
C. Human resource management plan
D. Project portfolio
E. Candidate information items
F. Project human resources needs
What are the outputs of the Human resource
A. Human resource management plan
B. Human resource management report
C. Organization infrastructure
D. Infrastructure management record
E. Human resource management record
F. Human resource management audit
G. Qualified personnel
What are the inputs for the Quality management
Process? (Choose X)
B. Measurement data
C. Customer satisfaction inputs
F. Source documents
G. Quality assurance evaluation report
H. Quality management guidelines
What are the outputs of the Quality management
Process? (Choose X)
A. Quality management plan
B. Quality management record
C. Strategy documents
D. Qualified personnel
E. Quality management guidelines
F. Quality management evaluation report
G. Quality assurance report
H. QM corrective actions
I. Quality management report
J. Risk report
What are the inputs for the Knowledge management
Process? (Choose 4)
B. Organization lessons learned
C. Records
E. Project lessons learned
F. Knowledge management plan
What are the outputs of the Knowledge management
Process? (Choose 3)
A. Knowledge management plan
B. Knowledge management report
C. Knowledge management system
E. Quality management plan
What are the inputs for the Tailoring Process?
(Choose 2)
C. Life cycle models
What are the outputs of the Tailoring Process?
(Choose 2)
A. Organizational tailoring strategy
B. Project Tailoring strategy
C. Organization portfolio direction and constraints
Identify the three (3) categories of activities which
support the System Life Cycle Processes.
A. Enabling Systems Engineering Activities
B. System Life Cycle Process Activities
C. Specialty Engineering Activities
D. Procurement Activities
E. Program Management Activities
A group of people and facilities with an arrangement
of responsibilities, authorities and relationships is
considered an: (choose 1)
A. Enterprise
B. Organization
C. Activity
D. Enabling System
An endeavor with start and finish dates undertaken
to create a product or service in accordance with
specified resources and requirements is a: (choose
1)
A. Stage
B. System
C. Process
D. Project
Which of the following is the international standard
the INCOSE handbook is consistent with? (Choose 1)
A. ISO/IEC 11299
B. MIL-STD 1205
C. ISO/IEC 15288
D. ISO/IEC 9000
When applying the INCOSE Handbook to any

organization, which of the following are true?
(Choose 1)
A. Tailoring guidelines of chapter 10 should be
used to remove any conflicts with existing policies
B. Appropriate ISO standards should be referenced
to ensure compliance
C. Appropriate MIL standards should be referenced
to ensure compliance
D. Existing policies, procedures, and standards
already in place should be modified for consistency
with the INCOSE Handbook
The four process groups to support systems

engineering were originally identified in which
standard? (Choose 1)
A. ISO/IEC 15288
B. ISO/IEC 9000
C. ISO/IEC 11299
D. MIL-STD 1205
Which of the following are INCOSE Handbook
process groups? (Choose 2)
A. Maintenance Processes
B. Agreement Processes
C. Assessment Processes
D. Technical Management Processes
Which of the following are INCOSE Handbook
process groups? (Choose 2)
A. Investment Management Processes
B. Organizational Project Enabling Processes
C. Technical Processes
D. Acquisition Processes
What are usual enablers for processes?
What are usual controls for processes?
Identify three (3) purposes of the Business or

Mission Analysis Process.
A. Define the business or mission problem or
opportunity
B. Transform Stakeholder Requirements into a
functional view of the system
C. Transform Stakeholder Requirements into a
technical view of the system
D. Characterize the solution space
E. Synthesize a system architecture baseline
F. Determine potential solution classes
What is the systems engineering definition by
INCOSE?
Which two of the following are considered

challenges with regards to development of System of
Systems? (Choose Two)
A. Requirements are fixed
B. System elements have different life cycles
C. Complexity is a major issue
D. Hardware is the only element considered
Identify two (2) challenges which influence the
development of systems of systems. (Choose 2)
A. System elements have similar project scope
B. Complexity of element interaction
C. Fuzzy boundaries limit the control of external
interfaces
D. Initial requirements are unambiguous
During which of the following Life Cycle Stages is the
most cost incurred to extract defects? (Choose 1)
A. Concept
B. Development
C. Production
D. Utilization
What can be defined as an interdisciplinary

approach and means to enable the realization of
successful systems?
(Choose 1)
A. System of systems
B. Systems Engineering
C. Project Management
D. Enabling Systems
What can be defined as an interoperating collection
of component systems that produce results
unachievable by the individual systems alone?
(Choose 1)
D. Enabling Systems
Which of the following are challenges that influence
the development of systems of systems? (Choose 3)
A. System elements cannot operate independently
B. System elements operate independently
C. Engineering hindering development
D. Management hindering engineering
E. Determining system boundaries
For typical system development projects, after which

of the following life cycle stages has 70% of the cost
been committed? (Choose 1)
A. Concept
B. Design
C. Development
D. Production
In order to reduce risk of schedule overrun, what
percentage of project cost should be committed to
systems engineering?
(Choose 1)
A. >5%
B. >10%
C. >20%
D. >40%
What does the role of a system engineer encompass
for the system of interest?
What does Conway's law suggest?
Why should an organization care about processes?

Systems engineers orchestrate the development of a
solution from requirements determination through
operations and system retirement by doing which
three of the following activities? (choose 3)
A. stealing ideas from competitors
B. assuring that domain experts are properly
involved
C. working on documentation in the front end of a
project with no involvement in execution of the
solution
D. all advantageous opportunities are pursued
E. all significant risks are identified and mitigated
Every system or product life cycle consists of which

three aspects? (choose 3)
A. Business aspect (business case)
B. Comic aspect (funny)
C. Budget aspect (funding)
D. Technical aspect (product)
E. Marketing aspect (advertising)
Which three are primary objectives of decision
gates? (choose 3)
A. Ensure the risk of proceeding to the next step is
acceptable
B. Ensure the business and technical baselines will
not require verification and validation
C. Ensure the elaboration of the business and
technical baselines are acceptable
D. Ensure all budget allocations are consumed as
scheduled through review activities
E. Continue to foster buyer and seller teamwork
Which three are decision options at each decision

gate? (choose 3)
A. terminate project
B. skip next stage
C. start project over
D. go to a preceding stage
E. continue this stage
The development stage includes which three
activities? (Choose 3)
A. Detailed planning
B. Development activities
C. IV&V activities
D. T&E activities
E. AT&T activities
Identify two reasons why product modifications may
be required in the production stage. (choose 2)
A. increase system weight
B. resolve production problems
C. reduce production costs
D. alter production procedures for convenience of
manufacturing
E. influence customer requirements
The support stage is executed to provide which three
services? (choose 3)
A. Logistics
B. Financial
C. Maintenance
D. Project Management
E. Support
Planning for disposal is part of the system definition
during which life cycle stage? (Choose 1)
A. Concept
B. Development
C. Support
D. Retirement
Which three are strengths of plan-driven methods to

build systems? (choose 3)
A. predictability
B. measurability
C. stability
D. repeatability
E. alterability
The Incremental and iterative development (IID)
approach is usually used in what two situations?
(choose 2)
A. there is unlimited funding available
B. the requirements are unclear from the beginning
C. the customer wishes to hold the
system.of.interest open to the possibilities of
inserting new technology
D. the requirements are clear from the beginning
Identify three (3) purposes of the Concept Stage.

A. Produce Systems
B. Operate System to satisfy users' needs
C. Identify stakeholders' needs
D. Explore concepts
E. Propose viable solutions
Identify two (2) purposes of the Development Stage.
(Choose 2)
A. Identify stakeholder needs
B. Create solution description
C. Operate system
D. Verify and Validate System
E. Inspect and test
Which one (1) item below best describes the main
purpose of the Utilization Stage? (Choose 1)
A. Provide sustained system capability
B. Store, Archive, or dispose of the system
C. Operate the system to satisfy users' needs
D. Verify and validate the system
E. Refine system requirements
Which three of the following are examples of life
cycle models? (Choose 3)
A. Statistical
B. Vee
C. Conceptual
D. Waterfall
E. Agile development
Which of the following are considered to be life cycle
stages? (Choose 3)
A. Analysis
B. Retirement
C. Production
D. Utilization
E. Visualization
Which two of the following best represent the role of
a Systems Engineer throughout a project’s life cycle?
(Choose 2)
A. Integrate and test the end product
B. Identify and mitigate risks
C. Perform quality audits and collect metrics
D. Assure the proper involvement of domain experts
E. Control budget and schedule
Which of the following are defined as the "Three

Aspects of a Product Life Cycle"? (Choose 3)
A. Product
B. Funding
C. Schedule
D. Termination
E. Business Case
Which of the following are possible decision options
for the ‘Decision Gates’ within a project’s life cycle?
(Choose 3)
A. Skip a stage
B. Terminate the project
C. Execute next stage
D. Start a similar project
E. Hold project activity
Which are activities that may be performed during
the Concept Stage of a project life cycle? (Choose 3)
A. Conduct in-depth studies to evaluate multiple
concepts
B. Develop Mock-ups for hardware or software
C. Refine system requirements
D. Build and test prototypes for critical components
E. Conduct detailed design development
What are two purposes of the Development Stage of

a project’s life cycle? (Choose 2)
A. Operate system to satisfy users’ needs
B. Produce systems
D. Explore concepts
E. Build System
On which type of project would one use an
incremental & iterative development (IID)
development stage approach? (Choose 1)
A. Project where it is necessary to coordinate large
teams of people working in multiple companies
B. Project requiring thorough requirements
traceability and verification
C. Project with high rate of unforeseeable change
D. Project requiring completeness of documentation
What are three strengths of a plan-driven

development stage approach? (Choose 3)
A. Responsiveness
B. Predictability
C. High assurance
D. Rapid value
E. Stability
What are two features that distinguish an
incremental and iterative development (IID) from a
plan-driven development stage approach? (Choose
2)
A. Velocity
B. Standardization
C. Measurement
D. Adaptability
E. Control
Which one (1) of the following documents describes
the way the system works from the operator’s
perspective?
A. Concept of Disposal
B. Concept of Production
C. Operational Concept (OpsCon)
D. Concept of Support
Which documents belong to the concept documents
in the Stakeholder Needs and Requirements
Definition Process (Choose 5) ?
A. Acquisition Concept
B. Concept of development
C. Concept of Deployment
D. Operational Concept
E. Concept of Support
F. Retirement Concept
G. Concept of Validation
H. Concept of Disposal
Which one (1) of the following documents describes
the desired support infrastructure and manpower
considerations for maintaining the system after it is
deployed?
A. Concept of Disposal
B. Concept of Support
C. Concept of Deployment
D. Concept of Production
Which of the following governs the system’s
development and are essential factors in further
defining or clarifying the scope of the development
project?
A. Validated requirements
B. Derived requirements
D. System Engineering Management Plan
What are Stakeholder Requirements?
What are Measures of Effectiveness Needs (MOE

needs)?
What is meant by Stakeholder Requirements

Traceability?
What is meant by Elicit Stakeholder Requirements?
What is meant by Defining Stakeholder

Requirements?
What is meant by analyzing and maintaining

Stakeholder Requirements?
Identify two common approaches to the process of

defining stakeholder requirements. (choose 2)
A. Use scenarios to define the concept of
operations and other concept documents
B. Identify and include all stakeholders
C. Develop validation procedures
D. Configure the interface control documents
What are the steps for defining needs in complex
projects within the Stakeholder Requirements
Definition Process?
What are typical inputs for capturing source

requirements in the Stakeholder Requirements
Definition Process?
What are the basic documents that are needed as

the foundation of the Stakeholder Requirements
Definition Process?
What are the steps to establish a OpsCon?
What is an SRD? Choose 1.

A. Summer Recreation Document
B. Sample Recording Data?
C. Significant Reason Document
D. System Requirements Document
Which of the following are true of the Architectural
Design Process? (Choose 2)
A. Integration is defined for the system
B. Integration is defined for system elements
C. System elements are defined
D. Requirement validation is defined
In the Architectural Design Process, the activity of
evaluating alternative architecture design solutions
considers which of the following selection criteria?
(Choose 4)
A. Measures of the system’s ability to fulfill its
objectives as defined by the requirements (including
external interfaces)
B. Its ability to operate within resource constraints
like time, budget, available knowledge and skills
C. End-user training requirements
D. Cost of implementing and operating the system
over its entire life cycle
E. Measures of customer satisfaction
F. It implements the functional architecture
Which of the following is a common technique for

deriving logical architectures? (choose 1)
A. Modeling tools such as SysML
B. Modeling tools such as DOORS
C. Modeling tools such as M3-ARP
D. Modeling tools such as PowerPoint
Which of the following best describes the purpose of
the Architectural Definition Process? (choose 1)
A. To synthesize a system architecture baseline
B. To design a system element conforming to
detailed descriptions
C. To develop comprehensive BOM and design
drawings
D. To define and document Stakeholder Needs
What are common selection criteria in the

Architectural Design Process?
Technical processes enable system engineers to

coordinate the interactions between whom? (Choose
3)
A. Engineering
B. Stakeholders
C. Human Resources
D. Media
E. Manufacturing
What does CMP stand for?
What does IMP stand for?
What does QMP stand for?
What does RMP stand for?
What does SEP stand for?
What does WBS stand for?
What is the Systems Engineering Management Plan
in more Detail?
What topics be documented in the SEMP?

What is an IPT?
What are definitions regarding IPPD?
What are the objectives of IPPD?
What is an Integrated Product Development Team

(IPDT) ?
What are process improvements resulting from

ITPTs using best practices and continuous
improvement
What are the three types of cross-functional IPDT's?

The purpose of the Project Assessment and Control
Process is to: (Two Correct Answers)
A. Define the process necessary to evaluate a valid
system
B. Assess the performance of a valid system in
order to aggregate project reliability
C. evaluates, periodically and at major events, the
progress
and achievements against requirements, plans and
overall business
objectives.
D. Direct the efforts of the project when deviations
of the plan are anticipated
E. to determine the status of the project and direct
project plan execution to
ensure that the project performs according to plans
and schedules,
within projected budgets, to satisfy technical
objectives.
Identify 9 inputs for Project Assessment and Control
Process. (Choose 9)
A. Project Plan
B. Project Development
C. Quality assurance evaluation report
D. Configuration Baselines
E. Project Execution
G. WBS
H. Project Schedule
I. Project Infrastructure
J. Validated Requirements
K. Project Budget
L. Procedures
M. Change Requests
N. Measurement repository
O. Risk Mitigation Plan
P. Information repository
What are 2 items considered inputs for the project

assessment and control process?
A. Configuration Baseline
B. Project Plan
C. Data Dictionary
E. Project Assessments.
What are 3 activities of the Project Assessment and
Control Process?
A. Transform and Publish Information
B. Assess the Project
C. Control the Project
D. Define success criteria
E. Close the Project
F. Plan for Project Assessment and control
What are 3 outputs of the Project Assessment and
Control Process?
A. Project Performance Measures Data
B. Assess the Project.
C. Project Status Report
D. Project Directives
E. Change Requests
G. Risk Assessment
Baselines, or reference points within the CM process
are established by what 2 activities?
A. Review of requirements, design and product
specification documents.
B. Change Requests to requirements, design and
product specification documents.
C. Acceptance of requirements, design and product
specification documents.
D. Communication of status of requirements,
design and product specification documents.
E. Tailoring a CM Plan
What are the 2 activities of the Configuration
Management Process?
A. Transform and Publish Information
B. Plan Configuration Management
C. Analyze the information
D. Manage the Risk Profile.
E. Analyze Risks
F. Perform Configuration Management
G. Modify OpsCon
H. Plan Verification
I. Monitor Risks
J. Evaluate the Risk Management Process
K. Create Risks
What is the 2 inputs for the Configuration
Management Process?
A. Scheduled Gate Configuration Review
B. Quality Management Guidelines.
C. Configuration Items
D. Change Requests
E. Prior Change Request History
What are common approaches and tips for the
Control Management Process?
Which of the following is considered a Technical

Management Process? (Choose 1)
A. Project Assessment and Control Process
B. Decision Assessment Process
C. Implementation Process
D. Quality Management
Identify three (3) correctly defined acronyms from the
list below.
A. IMP . Interface Management Plan
B. CMP . Configuration Management Plan
C. QMP . Quality Management Plan
D. RMP . Requirements Management Plan
E. RMP . Risk Management Plan
A common approach for Project Control is for Project
Teams to identify critical areas and control them
using which two (2) Life Cycle Processes?
A. Project Planning Process
B. Risk Management Process
C. Configuration Management Process
D. Information Management Process
E. Project Assessment Process
Which of the following are Risk categories? (Choose

2)
A. Technical
B. Customer driven
C. Cost
D. Informational
Configuration Control Boards are primarily made up
from which of the following? (Choose 1)
A. Systems Engineering Department
B. Representatives from all Stakeholders
D. Executive committees
When should the CM Planning activity begin?
(Choose 1)
A. After the Information Management Process
B. During the Technical Process
C. During the Project Planning Process
D. When developing the System Architecture
What are Agreement processes?
Why are the Acquisition Process and the Supply

Process integrated in the handbook?
What are Organizational Project-Enabling

Processes?
Which are the Organizational Project-Enabling
Processes?
What is Tailoring?
What is the principle behind Tailoring?
What is the purposes (2) of the Tailoring Process?

A. Define, maintain, and assure availability of
policies, life cycle processes, life cycle models, and
procedures for use by the organization
B. Collect, analyze, and report data relating to the
products developed and processes implemented
within the organization
C.At the organization level, it adapts external
standards in the
context of the organizational processes.
D. Obtain a product or service in accordance with
the acquirer's requirements
E. Provide an acquirer with a product or service that
meets agreed requirements
F. Initiate and sustain necessary, sufficient and
suitable projects in order to meet the strategic
objectives of the organization
G. At the project level, it adapts organizational
processes for the unique needs of the project.
What are 5 activities within the Tailoring Process?

A. Identify and Document Tailoring Influences
B. Close Projects
C. Take Account of Recommended or Mandated
Standards
D. Identify Skills
E. Obtain Input from All Affected Parties
F. Develop Skills
G. Make Tailoring Decisions
H. Tailor the Affected Life Cycle Processes
I. Acquire and Provide Skills
What are the Inputs (2) to the Tailoring Process?

A. Scheduled Gate Configuration Review
B. Organization Strategic Plan
C. Organization/ Enterprise Portfolio Direction &
Constraints
D. Supply RFP
What are 2 outputs of the Tailoring Process?
A. Supply Strategy
B. Quality Management Guidelines
C. Skills Matrix
D. Organization Tailoring Strategy
E. Customer Satisfaction Report
G. Project Tailoring Strategy
H. Skilled Personnel
I. Infrastructure Management Report
J. Corrective Actions
What are influences on tailoring on the
organizational level?
What should be considered when applying a

standard to a organization?
What are influences on tailoring on the project level?
What are 4 common traps in tailoring (Part 1/2)?
What is Supportability Analysis?
What is Reliability Centered Maintenance Analysis?
What is System Security Engineering?

What is Cost Effectiveness Analysis?
What is Electromagnetic Compatibility Analysis?
What is the Environmental Impact Analysis?
What is Life-Cycle-Cost-Analysis?
What is Manufacturing and Producibility Analysis?
What is Mass Properties Engineering Analysis?
What is System Safety Engineering?
What are the analysis techniques in the context of

System Safety Engineering?
What is Training Needs Analysis?
What is Usability Analysis / Human Systems

Integration?
What are important customer / user issues the HSI
focuses on?
How does HSI relate to SE?
When is HSI included in system development?
What is Human Factors Engineering (HFE)?
What are Key HSI Activites and Tenets?

Different abbreviations
Acronym List 1
Acronym List 2
Acronym List 3
Acronym List 4
Acronym List 5
Acronym List 6
Which two processes are identified by ISO/IEC

15288 as Agreement Processes?
A. The Enterprise Environment Management
Process
B. The Acquisition Process
C. The Quality Management Process
D. The Supply Process
E. The Investment Management Process
Identify three (3) Organizational Project-Enabling
Processes from the list below.
A. Configuration Management Process
B. Project Portfolio Management Process
C. Infrastructure Management Process
D. Resource Management Process
E. Quality Management Process
Based on periodic assessments, projects are
determined to justify continued investment if they:
(Choose 3)
A. Establish business area plans
B. Exhibit low risk
C. Comply with project directives from the enterprise
D. Are conducted according to approved plans
E. Are providing a service or product that is still
needed and is providing acceptable investment
returns
Typical constraints on a system may include: (Select

3)
A. Mandated use of COTS equipment
B. Operational Interfaces with other systems or
organizations
C. Systems internal interfaces
D. Cost and Schedule
Which of the following are SysML Behavior
Diagrams? (Select 2 correct answers)
A. Activity Diagram
B. Sequence Diagram
C. Block Definition Diagram
D. Parametric Diagram
E. Internal Block Diagram
Which of the following activities can be found in most
Trade Study processes: (Select 2 answers)
A. Requirements analysis
B. Investigate the consequences of implementation
C. Describe the key process activities
D. Frame the problem context.
E. Pareto Charts
Some examples of typical behavior diagrams

include: (Choose 2)
A. Block Definition Diagrams
B. Activity Diagrams
C. Sequence Diagrams
D. Internal Block Diagrams
Identify three behavior diagrams from the list below:
A. Use case diagram
B. Block Diagram
C. Activity Diagrams
D. Requirements Verification Traceability Matrix
E. Sequence Diagrams
What are three (3) objectives in developing

Concepts of Operation?
A. Ensure operational needs are clearly understood
B. Document the ideas of the project manager
C. Document the design requirements
D. Provide traceability between operational needs
and source requirements
E. Establish a basis for requirements to support the
system over its life
Which of the following will assist the Systems

Engineer in discerning the required capabilites of the
system of interest? (Choose 2)
A. Requirements Verification Traceability Matrix
B. Concept of operation
C. Disposal Plan
D. System constraints
E. WBS
Identify two (2) methods for performing Risk

Assessment.
A. Decision Trees
B. Concept of production
C. Novice Interviews
D. FMEDA
E. FTA
What are the four (4) methods for handling risk?
(choose 1)
A. Mitigate, Transfer, Accept, Control
B. Transfer, Ignore, Accept, Avoid
C. Ignore, Avoid, Control, Mitigate
D. Accept, Avoid, Transfer, Control
Life Cycle Cost normally includes the following costs:
(Must select the five correct answers)
A. Concept Costs
B. Nonrecurring
C. Research & Development
D. Development Costs
E. Unforeseen risks realized
F. Production Costs
G. Retirement Costs
H. Human Costs
I. Utilization and Support Costs
Who's approval should the lead contract negotiator
acquire for any changes in scope, cost, or schedule?
(Choose 1)
A. Executive Management
B. System Engineering Lead
C. All IPT Leads
D. Project Manager
Identify two methodologies for system architecting.
(Choose 2)
A. Quantitative
B. Selective
C. Heuristic
D. Irrational
E. Participative
During manufacturing and producibility analysis,
which two of the following risks are evaluated?
(Choose 2)
A. Long Lead Items
B. Material Limitations
C. Personnel Limitations
D. Risk Management Analysis
A key task in developing low cost, quality products is:
(Choose 1)
A. Requirements Analysis
B. Systems Engineering Analysis
C. Producibility Analysis
D. Risk Analysis
CM is the practice of applying technical and
administrative direction, surveillance, and services
to: (Choose 3)
A. Identify and document the characteristics of
system elements such that they are unique and
accessible in some form
B. Establish controls to allow changes in those
characteristics
C. Allow stakeholders change authorization
D. Record, track, and report status pertaining to
change requests or problems with a product
E. Establish rules for developing and tailoring
configuration management plans
Identify three (3) desirable outcomes from the ECP
cycle.
A. Circumvent authority to establish requirements
change
B. Establish a record of changes that have
introduced high risk into the system
C. New technology has extended the capability of
the system
D. Costs of development, utilization, and/or support
have been reduced
E. Reliability and availability of the system has been
improved
Which document does the Systems Engineer keep
current and use on a daily basis to maintain effective
project control? (Choose 1)
A. SEMP
B. PQMP
C. ICD
D. WBS
Identify three (3) purposes of the SEMS.
A. Identify Systems Engineering Management Plan
Sources of Information
B. Act as a tool for project control
C. Document the production schedules for the
project
D. Identify the critical path of technical activities on
a project
E. Highlight verification activities for the project
A method of development commonly used to reduce
delivery time of product to the customer is known as:
(Choose 1)
A. Coincidental Development
B. Concurrent Development
C. Courageous Development
D. Communicative Development
Which of the following is conducted as part of
requirements elicitation to provide early assurance
that the requirements are the "right" requirements for
guiding the development process?
A. Requirements Validation
B. Requirements Verification
C. Requirements Risk Analysis
D. Requirements Management
Configuration Item (CI) characteristics are (select 4):

A. Defined rationality
B. Replaceable as an entity
C. Unique specification
D. Formal control of form, fit and function
E. Not needed on change requests
F. Defined functionality
The Operational concept contains single threads of
behaviors that are (select correct one)
A. Traced from source document statements
B. Cover every aspect of operational performance
C. Include modes of operation and behavior when
experiencing mutual interference with multi-object
systems
D. Include vertical traceability from the parent
requirement object to the child requirement object
E. Focus on a particular design
The following are typical source documents for the

concept of operations (select correct one)
A. SOW (Statement of Work), DTC, and contract
B. System business case, SOW, and customer
standard operation procedures
C. System/subsystem specification and user needs
statement
D. Configuration description documents and SOW
E. Statement of User Need, CMP (Configuration
Management Plan), and SOW
Requirements Traceability should include traceability

to which of the following? (Choose 2)
A. Risk Radar
B. Test Program Plans
C. Test Reports
D. CDRLs
E. Organizational Project-Enabling Process Plan
The objective of requirements analysis is to identify

and express verifiable requirements that state user
needs in appropriate terms to guide system____?
(Choose 1)
A. Architecture and Design
B. Manufacture
C. Testing
D. Concept Development
Configuration items have four common
characteristics, they have defined functionality, they
are replaceable as an entity, they have unique
specifications, and they ___. (Choose 1)
A. Are always a complete system
B. Have pretty colors and designs
C. Have formal control of form, fit, and function
D. Are typically limited by size, weight, and cost
Techniques for requirements elicitation include?

(Choose 3)
A. Delphi Technique
B. Monte Carlo Analysis
C. Interviews
D. Focus groups
E. Peer reviews
A configuration item is hardware, software, or ___
item at any level in the system hierarchy designated
for configuration management. (Choose 1)
A. Composite
B. Operational
C. System-of Interest
D. Baseline
In generating a Operational Concept (OPSCON), a

Systems Engineer should do which of the following?
(Choose 3)
a) Start with source operational requirements,
deduce set of statements describing the higher level,
mission oriented system objectives and record them
b) Review the system objectives with end users and
operational personnel and record the conflicts
c) Develop the internal block diagrams (IBD)
d) For each model, generate a context diagram to
represent the model boundary
e) Generate a Requirements Traceability Matrix
(RTM)
What following typical source documents serve as

inputs for the OPSCON? (Choose 3)
A. Requirements Verification and Traceability Matrix
(RVTM)
B. System business case
C. Statement of user needs
D. Technical operational requirements
E. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
Which of the following functional decomposition tools
are useful in developing requirements? (Choose 2)
A. Functional flow diagrams
B. Time lines
C. Control/data flow diagrams
D. Delphi Technique
E. Engineering Change Proposals (ECP)
Each requirement must be verified at some level by

Test, Demonstration, Analysis, and which of the
following? (Choose 1)
A. Trial
B. User Jury
C. Evaluation
D. Inspection
What inputs are expected in order to effectively
define, derive, and refine functional/performance
requirements? (Choose 3)
A. System requirements document
B. SOW
C. Earned Value Management System (EVMS)
D. Company policy and procedures
E. IPT Hierarchy
Tools that can be used to perform the 4 steps in
Functional Analysis/Allocation include: (Choose 3)
A. Requirements analysis tools
B. Requirements traceability tools
C. Modeling tools
D. Risk Management tools
E. Hardware Tools
Input criteria for Functional Analysis/Allocation

include: (Choose 3)
A. Requirements traceability matrix
B. Constraints
C. Functional Requirements
D. Concept of Operations
E. Configuration Management Plan
Metrics that can be used to measure the overall
process and products of Functional
Analysis/Allocation include: (Choose 3)
A. Number of risks identified
B. Number of alternative decompositions
C. Percent of analyses completed
D. Prototype Cycle Time
E. Number of functions without a requirements
allocation
Functional analysis/allocation describes: (Choose 1)
A. What the system will do, not how it will do it.
B. How the system will accomplish requirements
C. Describe the hardware and software
architectures of the system
D. WBS
Some key outputs generated from the functional

based systems engineering activity are: (Choose 3)
A. Context Diagrams
B. Data Dictionaries
C. Requirements Verification Diagram
D. Data flow diagrams
E. DODAF diagrams
Functional identification and decomposition can be

performed with respect to the following: (Choose 2)
A. Logical groupings
B. Requirements verification
C. State transitions
D. Action Items
E. Process Risk
Which of the following occurs if a requirement

cannot be allocated to a single entity? (Choose 1)
A. It must be allocated to multiple entities
B. It must be decomposed by the customer
C. It must be decomposed to derived requirements
which are allocated to single entities
D. It must be added to the risk register and
addressed at the next design review
Which diagram can best be used to develop internal
and external interfaces: (Choose 1)
A. EFFBD
B. FFBD
C. N2 (N squared)
D. Hierarchy
In developing descriptions for each function in a
functional hierarchy, identify three (3) characteristics
that should be included from the list below.
A. Its place in a network characterizing its
interrelationships with the other functions at its level
B. Its inputs and outputs, both internal and external
C. The set of risks it has been allocated to
D. The set of functional requirements that have
been allocated to it and which define what it does
E. The Organizational Project-Enabling Processes
used to enable FFBD development
What does functional analysis/allocation describe?

(Choose 1)
A. Interface control
B. The design constraint of the system
C. Program decision requirements such as h/w and
s/w to use
D. What the system will do but not how it will do it
Output products of the functional analysis/allocation

process may include? (Choose 3)
A. Behavior diagrams
B. Context diagrams
C. Performance requirements
D. Data dictionaries
E. Interface Control Document
Output products of the functional analysis/allocation

process may also include? (Choose 3)
A. Operational Concept(OPSCON)
B. Control flow diagrams
C. Entity relationship diagrams
D. Simulation results
E. Work Breakdown Structure
The objective of the functional analysis/allocation

process is to develop a hierarchy of?
(Choose 1)
A. Functional flow block diagrams that meet all of
the functional requirements of the system
B. Context diagrams that meet all of the functional
requirements of the system
C. Behavior diagrams that meet all of the functional
requirements of the system
D. Models which communicate the design and
characteristics of the system
For the initial iteration of functional
analysis/allocation the baseline requirements and
operational concept have been identified during?
(Choose 1)
A. Eliciting requirements
B. OpsCon generation
C. Requirements analysis
D. Requirements definition
In an effort to identify requirements design
constraints for the designers, which activities should
be completed prior to detailed design? (Choose 3)
A. Identify from the SOW all design constraints
placed on the program
B. Identify the groups defining constraints and
incorporate them into Systems Engineering effort
C. Select the preferred systems elements
D. Analyze the appropriate standards and lessons
learned to derive requirements to be placed on the
h/w and s/w configuration item design
E. Refine the system physical architecture
The functional flow diagrams, interface diagrams,

interface definitions and allocation of requirements to
functions and sub-functions constitute the ___
architecture? (Choose 1)
A. Physical
B. Logical
C. Functional
D. Interface
Metrics used in functional analysis/allocation may
include? (Choose 3)
A. Number of requirements
B. Number of internal and external interfaces not
completely defined
C. Percentage of analysis completed
D. Number of functions not decomposed
E. Number of interfaces
Tools used to support functional analysis/allocation
may include? (Choose 3)
A. Analysis tools
B. Quality Functional Deployment (QFD) tools
C. Requirements traceability tools
D. Modeling tools
E. DeWalt physical configuration tools
What are the inputs for the Define/Refine System
Element Alternatives activity? (Choose 2)
A. Technology and technical constraints
B. OpsCon
C. Business case for the system, including cost and
schedule goals or hard limits
D. Quality Plan
E. Requirements Management Plan
What are the outputs of the Define/Refine System
Element Alternatives activity? (Choose 2)
A. Requirements Verification Matrix
B. Set of descriptors that define the dimensions of
the design space
C. Set of element options
D. Requirements Allocations Matrix
E. Functional Architecture
What are the recommended activities of the
Synthesize Multiple Systems Architecture activity?:
(Choose 3)
A. Assemble candidate System Architecture
B. Verify that the resulting System Architecture
options exceed the Verification criteria
C. Ensure in-process validation by involving the
customer or user in this process
D. Screen the set of System Architecture options
generated and retain only a reasonable number
E. Develop the functional architecture for the system
What are the inputs of the Synthesize Multiple

Systems Architecture activity: (Choose 2)
A. Derived Requirements and Functional
Architecture
B. Menu of elements and combinations
C. Examples of existing systems which perform
similar functions
D. Technical performance measures
E. RVTM
What are some of the selection criteria of the Select
Preferred System Architecture/Element Solution
activity?: (choose 3)
A. Measures of risk
B. Ability to operate with systems engineering
process group
C. Accommodation of interfaces
D. Requirements stability
E. Measures of quality factors
What are the inputs of the Select Preferred System
Architecture/Element Solution Activity: (choose 2)
A. Requirements and operational Concept,
Functional Architecture, and Systems Architecture
options
B. Updated Statement of Work
C. Additional info needed to define the criteria
D. Technical information needed to create models
and eliminate evaluation of options
E. Revised RVTM
What are the tools used in the Select Preferred

System Architecture/Element Solution Activity?:
(Choose 2)
A. Matlab
B. CORE
C. Software for Multi-Attribute Utility Analysis
D. Weighted scoring spreadsheet
E. DOORS
What are the metrics of the Select Preferred System
Architecture/Element Solution Process?: (Choose 2)
A. Completeness of documentation
B. Completeness of the Architectural Models
C. Completeness of the selection criteria of the
recommended activities of this process
D. Requirements Counts
E. Risk Reduction
When assembling System Architectures, the SE

should ensure which three of the following criteria:
(Choose 3)
A. No interfaces are completely defined
B. Satisfies all constraints
C. Resource usage is above acceptable limits
D. Perform all the functions of the system
E. Capable of meeting all requirements
Which of the following can be defined as “part of the
overall process of system design, which includes
requirements analysis and functional analysis”?
(Choose 2)
A. Alternative decomposition
B. Functional decomposition
C. Analysis of alternatives
D. Requirements and design loop alternatives
E. System Architecture Synthesis
Which of the following can be described as system
elements? (Choose 3)
A. Procedures
B. Interfaces
C. People
D. Performance
E. Functional Requirements
Which inputs should be present in order to effectively
define/refine system element alternatives? (Choose
3)
A. Business case for the system
B. Set of descriptions that define the dimensions of
the design space
C. Requirements and life cycle operating concept,
functional architecture
D. Technology (available and emerging) and
technical constraints
E. Set of characterized element alternatives
What are the expected outputs from defining/refining
system element alternatives?
(Choose 2)
A. System Requirements
B. Set of element options, each characterized by a
description of its salient features, parameter values,
and interactions with other elements
C. Technology (available and emerging) and
technology constraints
D. Documentation of the rationale which justifies
the selection of the descriptors, the design space
envelope, and the menu of element options
Methods/techniques for defining/refining system
element alternatives may include? (Choose 3)
A. Chronological analysis
B. Synectics
C. Functional decompositions
D. Surveys
E. Inventory of existing concepts
Metrics that may be used to measure the progress of
defining/refining system element alternatives may
include? (Choose 3)
A. Schedule span
B. Risk estimates for each alternative
C. Validation Percentage
D. N2 diagrams
E. Evidence that each alternative is consistent with
the business case for the system
Which of the following is responsible for leading the
team in the development of candidate system
architectures? (Choose 1)
A. Logistics Engineering
B. Project Management
C. Mechanical Engineering
D. Systems Engineering
Methods/techniques for synthesizing multiple system
architectures include which of the following?
(Choose 3)
A. Executive decision
B. Brainstorming
C. Peer reviews (PR)
D. Morphological analysis (MA)
E. Literature research
Tools used for synthesizing multiple system
architectures may include? (Choose 3)
A. Topeka-Verona Analysis (TVA)
B. QDR charts
C. Kepner-Tregoe Analysis (KTA)
D. Decision trees
E. System schematic
In order to select the preferred system
architecture/element solution, the Systems Engineer
must define selection criteria and their method of
application. They are derived from which of the
A. Executive Decisions
B. Requirements
C. Programmatic considerations such as available
resources, acceptable risk, and political
considerations
D. Enterprise Infrastructure
E. Operating concept
Which three (3) are example methods/techniques for
Life Cycle Cost Analysis?
A. Parkinson Technique
B. Thumb Judgment
C. Analogy
D. Basis Of Estimate (BOE)
E. Price-to-Win
Which three (3) are example methods/techniques for
Life Cycle Cost Analysis?
A. Top-Down
B. Benefit Cost Analysis
C. Bottom-Up
D. Algorithmic (parametric)
E. Short-Band Alpha Techiniques
Important areas for the use of models include which

three (3) of the following?
A. Modeling option criteria to score against impacts
B. Requirements analysis
C. Architectural Design
D. Productions
E. Test and verification
Representation and simulation models include which

three (3) of the following types?
A. Physical (Wind tunnel, mockups, engineering
model,
B. Graphical (N2 charts, behavior diagrams,
Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT), logic
trees
C. Calculitic (Eiger logarithmic, exponential
differential)
D. Geometric (Predictive Motion, Pythagorean
Analysis)
E. Statistical (Monte Carlo, sequence estimation)
Models can be validated by which three (3) of the

following?
A. Experience with application of similar models in
similar circumstances
B. Geometric Analysis Methods
C. Comparison with test cases in the form of
independent models of proven validity or actual test
data
D. The modeling schema itself can be validated by
using small scale models
E. Exploring the sensitivity of the result to changes
in initial assumptions, data, and processes
It is useful to consider Trade Studies in which three

(3) levels of formality?
A. Mental
B. Formal
C. Informal
D. parametric
E. Analytic
The key components of a formal trade study include
which of the three (3) following?
A. Ascertaining technical design requirements
B. A list of viable alternative solutions to be
evaluated
C. A list of screening criteria
D. Failure Implemention Analysis
E. A metric characterizing how well the various
solutions satisfy the selection criteria
In conducting trade studies and establishing
selection criteria, risk may be decomposed into
which three (3) of the following?
A. Cost risk
B. Programmatic risk
C. Schedule risk
D. Technical risk
E. Supplier risk
For important trade studies where weightings are
particularly difficult to establish, consider using which
two (2) of the following?
A. Bayesian Team Support
B. Klingon Team Support
C. Analytical Hierarchy Process
D. Systematic Hierarchy Process
E. Roulette Wheel Process
For the final evaluation and selection in a trade
study, which analysis should be performed to
determine if a relatively small variation in scoring is
affecting the selection outcome.
A. Sensitivity
B. Reliability
C. Reproducibility
D. Supportability
Identify two (2) techniques for performing trade
studies.
A. Maximum Expected Utility (MEU)
B. M3.G3 Analysis (MGA)
C. Mulit-Attribute Utility Analysis (MAUA)
D. Finite Multi-Attribute Utility Analysis (FMAUA)
E. Block Diagram Evaluation (BDE)
Investments costs are usually prepared by

estimating the cost of the first production unit, then
applying learning curve formulae to determine the
reduced cost of subsequent production units. If an
item is produced with a 90% learning curve, then
each time the production lot size doubles (2, 4, 8, 16,
etc.) the average cost of units in the lot is ___ % of
the average costs of units in the previous lot?
(Choose 1)
A. 10%
B. 110%
C. 100%
D. 90%
Which focuses on providing an approach at or below

the price judged necessary to win the contract?
(Choose 1)
A. Algorithmic (parametric)
B. Expert judgment
C. Price-to-win
D. Analogy
Which systems engineering LCC analyses method
works on a design solution that stays within a
predetermined set of resources? (Choose 1)
A. Algorithmic (parametric)
B. Top-down
C. Wide band Delphi technique
D. Design-to-cost
Which technique for life cycle cost analysis (LCCA)

defines work to fit the available resources? (Choose
1)
A. Parkinson technique
B. Bottom-up analyses
C. Algorithmic technique
D. Design-to-cost
uses estimation from multiple technical and domain
experts (estimation only a good as the experts)?
(Choose 1)
A. Price-to-win
B. Top-down
C. Expert judgement
D. Wide band Delphi technique
identifies and estimates costs for each component
and part separately and sums the contributions?
(Choose 1)
A. Top-down
B. Bottom-up
C. Summation technique
D. Parametric
For LCCA, which uses mathematical algorithms to

produce cost estimates as a function of cost driver
variables, based on historical data? This technique is
also supported by commercial tools/models.(Choose
1)
A. Price-to-win
B. Analogy
C. Design-to-cost
D. Parametric
Reasoning by comparing the proposed project with
one or more completed projects that are judged to
be similar, with corrections added for known
differences, is a life cycle cost analysis known as?
(Choose 1)
A. Expert judgment
B. Algorithmic
C. Analogy
D. Parametric
The objective of modeling is to obtain information
about the ___ before significant resources are
committed to its design, development, construction,
testing, or operation? (Choose 1)
A. Hardware
B. Software
C. Operation
D. System
Models fall into one of two general categories called
___ and ___? (Choose 1)
A. Simulation and synthesis
B. Representation and performance
C. Simulations and performance
D. Representation and simulations
When performing system modeling, important areas
for the use of models include the following? (Choose
3)
B. Architecture design
C. Design and development
D. Sensitivity analysis
E. Trade studies
Which of the following evaluates candidate options
against selection criteria? (Choose 1)
A. Sensitivity analysis
C. Test and verification
D. Operations
The order of general steps in the application of
modeling are? (Choose 1)
A. Obtain needed input data and operate the
model, design the model, select the appropriate
type(s) of model, validate the model
B. Design the model, select the appropriate type(s)
of model, validate the model, obtain needed input
data and operate the model
C. Select the appropriate type(s) of model, design
the model, validate the model, obtain needed input
data and operate the model
D. None of the above
When modeling, representations employ some
logical or mathematical rule to convert a set of inputs
for corresponding outputs with the same form of
dependence as in the represented system, and ___?
(Choose 1)
A. Do not mimic the structure of the system
B. May mimic the structure of the system
C. Shall mimic the structure of the system
D. None of the above
Simulations may be made up of one or several of the
following types: (Choose 3)
A. Acoustic
B. Prototype
C. PERT Charts
D. Wind tunnel
E. DMP Charts
Representations may be made up of one or several
of the following types?
(Choose 2)
A. Behavioral diagrams
B. Structural test models
C. N2 charts
D. Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)
charts
E. Wind Tunnel Model
Models can be validated by different means and the
modeling schema itself can be validated by using?
(Choose 2)
A. Large scale models (system)
B. Small scale models
C. Comparison with test cases in the form of
independent models of proven validity
D. The Parkinson model validation technique
It is useful to consider trade studies in three levels of
formality? (Choose 3)
A. Analytic
B. Formal
C. Informal
D. Mental
E. Physical
The number and selection of trades and their
formality need to be decided with the customer and
with the necessary team members who might find
some design solutions favorably or unfavorably
impacting manufacturing, producibility, ___, ___,
___? (Choose 3)
A. Reliability
B. Testability
C. Lethality
D. Maintainability
E. Consumability
In general, a trade study should consider between
___ and ___ reasonable alternatives?
(Choose 1)
A. Two and four
B. Three and five
C. Four and six
D. Four and seven
Human systems integration (HSI) is an essential
enabler to systems engineering practice as it
promotes a "total system" approach which includes
humans and which three other components?
(choose 3)
A. operational context
B. mission objective
C. technology
D. interfaces between/among system elements
E. project budget
The "human" in HSI (Human Systems Integration)
includes all personnel who interact with the system in
any capacity, such as which three of the following?
(choose 3)
A. system owner
B. operators
C. parts buyers
D. support personnel
E. project planners
Which three customer concerns are human-centered
domains that serve systems engineers as focal
points to ensure that human considerations are
integrated into system design, development,
manufacturing, operation, sustainment, and
disposal? (choose 3)
A. suitability
B. measurability
C. reliability
D. maintainability
E. complexity
Which three are considered total ownership
costs?(Choose 3)
A. design engineers
B. repair and sustainment
C. training
D. handling of hazardous materials
E. quality
Which of the following three are options that training
communities place emphasis on to develop and
deliver an individual and collective qualification
training program? (choose 3)
A. enhance user capabilities
B. makes use of legacy technology
C. maintain skill proficiencies (through continuation
training and retraining)
D. expedite skill attainment
E. minimize the use of training resources
Which three safety issues promote system design
characteristics and procedures to minimize the
potential for accidents or mishaps? (choose 3)
A. instrumentation ease of use
B. factors that threaten the safe operation of the
system
C. ergonomic seating
D. pressure extremes
E. control of hazardous energy releases
Which three characteristics related to habitability are

necessary to contribute directly to personnel
effectiveness and overall system performance ?
(choose 3)
A. lighting
B. comfortable seats
C. vibration, noise, and temperature control
D. internet availability
E. availability of medical care, food and/or drink
services
Which three are survivability characteristics of a
system (items that reduce susceptibility of the total
system to mission degradation or termination)?
(choose 3)
A. life support
B. body armor
C. PQMP
D. SEP
E. ejection equipment
Which three are key actionable tenets of HSI
(Human Systems Integration)? (choose 3)
A. Monitor Systems Engineering Plan
B. Frequent Requirement Reviews
C. Initiate HSI Early
D. Identify Issues and Plan Analysis
E. Make HSI a Factor in Source Selection for
Contracted Development Efforts
Which process is used to evaluate the application of
Human Systems Integration principles throughout
the system life cycle? (Choose 1)
A. IPDT Assessment
B. HSI Assessment
C. SI Analysis
D. TQM Analysis
Human performance also involves additional

considerations such as intrinsic motivation, the
opportunity to learn and improve, and gaining
confidence that the ____ entity can cope with rare,
surprising or non-routine events? (Choose 1)
A. Interface control
B. Constraint
C. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
D. Human-machine
The “human” in HSI typically includes whom?
(Choose 2)
A. System owners
B. Operators
C. Management
D. Marketing
While accommodating the characteristics of the
population that will interact with the system, the
comprehensive application of HSI to a system is
intended to optimize what? (Choose 1)
A. Total System Safety
B. Total System Reliability
C. Total System Supportability
D. Total System Performance
Key methods of integration that address the
incorporation of human issues are ___ and ___.
(Choose 2)
A. Peer Reviews
B. Trade Studies
C. Analyses
D. Training
Human issues and implications are explored with the
users and other engineering disciplines to obtain
insights not otherwise realized by using which of the
A. IPDT Analyses
B. SEIT Analyses
C. BMFG Analyses
D. ISO/IEC Analyses
Which of the following is critical to use in order to
determine the design that is the most, 1) affective, 2)
efficient, 3) suitable, 4) usable, and 5) affordable?
(Choose 1)
A. Human Factor Analysis (HFA)
B. Trade studies
C. Human Systems Integration (HSI) architectures
D. Cyberspace escape systems
Organizations routinely focus on short term

acquisition cost and schedule, while not paying
sufficient attention to the more expensive total
ownership cost such as? (Choose 3)
A. Cost of mishaps
B. Handling hazardous materials
C. Short term acquisition cost
D. Disposal costs
E. Design
The human-centered domains with recognized
application to HSI include? (Choose 3)
A. Manpower
B. Integrated Product Development Team (IPDT)
C. Personnel
D. Training
E. Effectiveness
The human-centered domains with recognized
application to HSI also include? (Choose 3)
A. Human Interface Mechanisms (HIM)
B. Human Machine Interface (HMI)
C. Human Factors Engineering (HFE)
D. Environment
E. Safety
In an effort to protect systems from the environment
and also to protect the environment from system,
which of the following may be directly affected by
environmental considerations? (Choose 2)
A. SOW
B. Contract
C. Requirements
D. OpsCon
What are the two (2) categories of activities

associated with System Integration?
A. Interface Development
B. System Build
C. System Integration with External Systems
D. System Planning
E. System Analysis
Identify three (3) objectives of System Integration.
A. Ensure elements are integrated into the system
B. Ensure the system is fully integrated into the
larger program
C. Verification of all external and internal interfaces
D. Conduct Trade Studies
E. Verify project baselines
Name three (3) recommended activities of the
System Build Process of System Integration.
(Choose 3)
A. Decompose the interfacing subsystems and
components to modify integration
B. Assess directional flow of functional interfaces,
such as data, commands, and power
C. Use Trade Studies to compare and rank options
D. Review test procedures and plans which verify
the interfaces
E. Conduct internal Interface Working Groups
(IFWGs) as required
Identify three (3) recommended activities of the

System Integration with External Systems process of
Systems Integration.
A. Determine the interfacing systems by reviewing
system hierarchy, configuration items, N2 charts,
functional block diagrams, etc.
B. Audit the design and manufacturing process
C. Obtain interfacing programs' Interface Control
Documents (ICDs), System Engineering Plans
(SEPs), and relevant interface documents.
D. Organize an Interface Control Document (ICD)
E. Incorporate interface changes into the SEP
Identify three (3) common metrics associated with

the System Integration Process.
A. Percentage of completed ICD's
B. Percentage of ICD's peer reviewed
C. Number and type of interface issues resolved
and unresolved
D. Percentage of approved ICD's
E. Number of ICD's released to CM
Identify three (3) common metrics associated with
the System Integration Process.
A. ICD Effectiveness
B. Percentage of released interface drawings
C. Cost of repair and sustainment
D. Number and type of interface issues resolved /
unresolved
E. Percentage of approved ICDs
Identify three (3) common tools used for the System
Integration Processes.
A. Risk Management Plan
B. N2 Charts
C. Functional Block Diagrams
D. Interface Working Groups (IFWGs)
E. Reciprocating SAU
Identify three (3) categories of interfaces that are
part of System Integration (SI).
A. Physical
B. Assembly
C. Functional
D. Logical
E. Connective
Interface Working Groups (IFWG) are established to
review what? (Choose 1)
A. Interface statements/drawings
B. Interface phase reviews
C. Interface audit procedures
D. System Engineering Plans (SEP's)
The INCOSE SE Handbook relates to industry
standards in that it: (choose 2)
a. References and conforms to the standards
b. Supersedes the standards
c. Serves as a “best practices” manual for systems
engineering
d. All of the above
The following are true about a “system:” (choose 1)
a. It depends on your perspective
b. It is defined as an integrated set of elements that
accomplish a defined objective
c. Includes products, processes, and people
d. All of the above
When did the discipline of Systems Engineering

start? (choose 3)
a. People were using systems engineering when
they built the pyramids.
b. Systems engineering developed from operations
research and decision analysis after World War II.
c. Systems engineering began to evolve as a branch
of engineering during the late 1950s.
d. Systems engineering evolved out of systems
thinking during the 1970s and 1980s.
Which level of a system would the power train and

chassis of an electric car be considered? (choose 1)
a. Subsystem
b. System
c. Component
d. Assembly
Which of the following levels of systems engineering

process deal with: Mission Analysis, Preliminary,
Design, and Detailed Design (choose 1)
a. Life Cycle Phase
b. Program Activity
c. Engineering Specialty Area
Tradeoff studies are primarily performed in what

phases of the program? (choose 3)
a. Concept Exploration
b. Program Definition and Risk Reduction
c. Engineering and Manufacturing Development
d. Production, Fielding/Deployment & operational
support
e. Disposal
Which of the following process is performed in all
phases of the program? (choose 1)
a. Requirements analysis
b. Systems Architecture synthesis
c. Risk management
d. SE Product control
Solution Definition is accomplished in which of the
following Systems Engineering process? (choose 1)
a. Acquisition and Supply
b. System Design
c. Product Realization
Which of the following are included in the SEMP?

(choose 3)
a. A customer/user training plan
b. A list of the technical reviews to be conducted
c. Detailed test procedures
d. A list of the trade studies to be performed on the
project
Which one of the following statements about Data
Management is false? (choose 1)
a. A Data Management Plan should be developed at
the start of the project
b. Only configuration items should be tracked and
controlled
c. All items managed should have a unique identifier
d. The Data Management plan should identify
responsible individuals for all items on the CDRL
Which are NOT important characteristics of good

TPMs? (choose 2)
a. Based on a standard
b. Includes Statement of deficiencies
c. Includes Milestone
d. Includes Planned value
e. Includes Variations
SE processes should include what? (choose 3)
a. Periodic process compliance reviews (PCR)
b. Internal assessments of capability maturity
c. External assessments of capability maturity
d. Lessons learned
e. Periodic audit of SE competency
Which types of risk are within the control of the
project manager? (choose 3)
a. Technical
b. Cost
c. Schedule
d. Programmatic
Which of the following are true regarding risk
assessment expert interviews? (choose 2)
a. They provide objective data
b. They provide reliable qualitative information
c. The interviews are rarely used in the formulation of
a watch list
d. It is very important to defend and document data
collection methodology
In which phase would Transition Risks (Quality
Control, Manufacturing) be most prominent? (choose
1)
a. Prototype
b. Develop
c. Production
d. Disposal
How should you track critical parameters with large
variances and potentially serious consequences?
(choose 1)
a. Via technical performance measures
b. Via risk identification techniques
c. Via program management’s personal attention
d. By setting priorities
Which of these are typical risk assessment
methods? (choose 3)
a. Expert interviews
b. Quality Function Deployment
c. Estimating relationships
d. Life Cycle Cost Analysis
e. Risk Models
The Systems Engineering & Integration Team (SEIT)
organization leads and audits which of the following
activities? (choose 2)
a. External & program issues
b. System issues and integrity
c. Product issues and integrity
d. Deliverable item issues & integrity
Which of the following should be included in the
product development team (PDT) leader notebook?
(choose 3)
a. A list of current team members
b. The SEMP
c. Outstanding action items
d. Key decisions made
Which of the following is true about IPDTs? (choose
1)
a. Tight program schedules are making IPDTs less
useful.
b. Product development teams can make significant
productivity improvements over hierarchical
management structures.
c. In early use of IPDT techniques, Boeing has cut
the delivery time for small satellites by a factor of ten.
d. IPDTs make an impact starting after the
requirements have been completely developed and
are ready to be developed by the product teams.
Which of the following steps are correct steps for

organizing and running an IPDT? (choose 3)
a. Define the PDT teams for the project
b. Assign authority to management for the products
of the PDTs
c. Team Training
d. Define the team vision and objectives
e. Each team accepts its job description without
change or expansion
Which of the following is not an element of an N-
squared chart for Functional Interactions? (choose 1)
a. Develop Operations Concept
b. Trade Studies
c. Critical Design Review
d. Performance Evaluation
A requirement management tool should maintain a

requirement database and generate the following
directly from the database (choose 3)
a. Requirement statements with Project Unique
Identifiers (PUID)
b. Requirement traceability Matrices (RTM)
c. List of top ten risky requirements
d. List of TBD (to be determined), TBR (to be
reviewed) and TBS (to be supplied)
e. List of requirement sources
f. Requirements metrics
What is not considered a potential source of
requirements? (choose 1)
a. Customer/user
b. A complete reverse engineering of the current
system
c. Regulations
What are the attributes of an appropriately crafted
requirement (choose 3)
a. The requirement is necessary
b. The VP of Marketing submitted the requirement
c. The requirement is clear
d. The requirement is inexpensive to implement
e. The requirement is verifiable
A commonly used term to describe a thread or

threads of behavior in a Concept of Operations is:
(choose 1)
a. Thought experiment
b. Model
c. Scenario
d. Methodology
The objectives of a OpsCon document are to:
(choose 3)
a. Define operational needs
b. Allocate functions to hardware and software
c. Provide traceability between operational needs
and written requirements
d. Establishes a basis for test planning
e. Provide traceability between high level
requirements and configurable items
Which are some functions of capturing source
requirements? (choose 3)
a. Initializing requirements database
b. Reviewing system objectives with end users
c. Decomposition of requirements objectives
d. Generation of System Requirements Document
e. Record existence of system interfaces between
the system and the environment or external system
From the list below, select the ones which best
describe theSystem Requirements Definition
Process: (choose 3)
a. Concept of Operations Definition
b. Data Flow Diagrams
c. Synthesis
d. Capturing source requirements
e. Refinement
f. Initialize the database
Which should be avoided when creating a
requirements specification? (choose 3)
a. Use of pronouns such as “he”, “she”, “they”
b. Use of tables
c. Use of the imperative mood
d. Use of adjectives and adverbs such as “real-time”,
“precisely”, “timely”
e. Use of “should” and “should be” when appropriate
f. Use of the word “must” instead of the word “shall”
Which of the following are true regarding

requirements definition? (choose 3)
a. It is performed top-down
b. Trade studies are used to assist definition
c. Traceability must be maintained through all levels
d. The requirements database contains many
attributes for each requirement
The specification tree does not adequately portray

traceability to which documents? (Choose 1)
a. ICDs
b. Configuration item specifications
c. Source Specifications
d. SRD (Stakeholder Requirements Definition)
Functional analysis/allocation is: (choose 1)

a. Describing product specifications as functional
requirements
b. Allocating functions for testing in the Test Plan
c. An examination of a defined function to identify all
the sub functions necessary to the accomplishment
of the function
d. A tradeoff analysis to determine the optimum
allocation of functions to the system’s subsystems
In the Systems Engineering process flow, what

phase follows the Functional Analysis/Allocation
phase? (choose 1)
a. System synthesis
b. System development
c. System baseline establishment
d. Preliminary design review
In Systems Engineering, a task, action, or activity
that must be performed to achieve a desired
outcome is a: (choose 1)
a. Regulation
b. Specification
c. Configurable Item
d. Function
The best way to carry out Functional
Analysis/Allocation is: (choose 1)
a. Define all functions at all levels following a
"waterfall" method
b. Define more detailed functions derived from
higher-level functions in a step-by-step fashion
c. Conduct a bottom-up analysis first to make sure
that detailed performance requirements are identified
d. Focus on identification and leave the bulk of
allocation for the System Synthesis phase.
The task of functional analysis/allocation does not:

(choose 1)
a. Create a functional architecture
b. Describe how the systems will operate
c. Provide added value to the systems engineering
process
d. Support mission and operations concept analysis
Regarding the Functional Analysis/Allocation

process, which of the following statements are
FALSE? (choose 3)
a. The purpose of decomposing each function to
lower-level functions is to allocate each to a software
CI.
b. Performance requirements should be allocated to
a function or sub-function.
c. Functions should not be allocated to COTS or NCI
CI’s.
d. Derived requirements should be documented and
flowed down to the CI level.
e. Cost is not a design constraint.
f. Trade studies may be utilized to select from
multiple alternative functional architectures
Which of the following metrics can be used to
measure the functional analysis/allocation process?
(choose 3)
a. Maximum time between raising a system issue
and getting it resolved
b. Remaining number of risk items that are
unmitigated
c. Percent of performance requirements that have
been allocated at the lowest level of the functional
hierarchy
d. Number or percent of system requirements
verified by system operation analysis
Which are true regarding the Functional
Analysis/Allocation task? (choose 2)
a. The baseline System Specification is developed
b. The Concept of Operations is developed
c. The successful completion allows the start of the
System Synthesis phase
d. The final criterion is the complete problem
definition
When should the functional analysis and allocation

process stop? (choose 1)
a. When all functional requirements are clear and
realizable in hardware, software and/or manual
operations
b. When the funding for this activity is exhausted
c. When the risk reduction for continuation becomes
smaller than the cost in time and money of the effort
to further decompose
d. After all interfaces have been defined
Characteristics of the functional architecture include
which of the following? (choose 3)
a. Describes how the system will operate
b. Supports development of mission analysis
c. Describes the hardware architecture
d. Supports the concept analysis
e. Is an hierarchical arrangement of functions
Which of the following is not a format used in
performing functional analysis/allocation? (choose 2)
a. IDEF Diagrams
b. FFBD
c. Trade Studies
d. Behavior modeling
e. Risk Report
From the list below, which best describe the output

of the “Define/Refine System Element Alternatives”
in the System Architecture Synthesis Process:
(choose 3)
a. A refined Concept of Operations Definition
b. System element Data Flow Diagrams
c. A set of descriptors that define the dimensions of
the design space
d. Documentation of the rationale which justifies the
selection of the descriptors, design space envelope
and the menu of element options
e. Definition of the envelope of the design space to
be scanned
In the “Synthesize Multiple System Architectures”
process, completion criteria include: (choose 3)
a. Appropriate number of options: large enough to
represent a reasonable sampling of the design
space envelope, small enough to analyze efficiently
(three to five)
b. Defined architecture is not redundant, nor in
conflict with, any known requirement
c. All of the options are capable of meeting the
requirements, resource allocations and interfaces
d. Selected options are capable of being depicted by
a single Functional Block Diagram
e. The options span a reasonable range of technical
maturity, allowing tradeoffs among cost, risk and
performance
Which of the following are true when selecting a

preferred system architecture? (choose 2)
a. Trade studies can not have any interdependencies
b. You should perform a sensitivity analysis to test
the robustness of the final selection
c. Models should be as accurate and complete as
possible during this stage
d. Use formal techniques if the criteria are
numerous, difficult, or controversial
Which of the following methods is appropriate in

performing System Architecture Synthesis?
(choose 1)
a. A bottom-up approach, starting with a menu of
options for each element of the system, from which a
set of system architecture options is created
b. A top-down approach, starting with a set of system
architecture options is created, each providing a
framework into which element options may be
inserted
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above
What environmental analysis factors could influence

a project during design synthesis? (choose 2)
a. The physical location in which the product will be
produced may have to be cleaned.
b. Attaining environmental goals may demand
substantial design changes
c. Human Engineering effects on system cost,
schedule and performance may have to be
calculated.
d. The National Environmental Protection Act
(NEPA) may be avoidable.
e. The project may need to include an imbedded
environmental monitoring element
Which of the items below are examples of Life Cycle
Cost (LCC) Element Categories? (choose 2)
a. Research & Development
b. The Concept of Operations Definition
c. Modeling
d. Design-To-Cost (DTC) or Cost-As-An-
Independent-Variable (CAIV) studies
e. Operations & Support Costs
The key components of a formal trade study are:

(choose 3)
a. Life Cycle Cost estimates
b. A list of viable alternative solutions to be evaluated
c. A list of selection criteria, i.e., a set of factors that
characterize what makes a specific alternative
desirable, including cost, risk and performance
factors
d. Representations and simulations to aid in the
evaluation of alternative solutions
e. A list of the resources available versus the
requirements of each trade alternative
f. For each of the selection criteria, a metric
characterizing how will the various solutions satisfy
that criteria
MTBF and MTTR are functions of what analysis?

(choose 1)
a. Reliability/ Availability
b. Performance
c. Deployment
d. Validation
Which of the following is true regarding trade
studies? (choose 1)
a. All trade studies should go through the same
process
b. Alternatives should be listed before weighting
criterion values
c. Cost and risk should be included as criteria
d. Formal trade studies should be used exclusively
Confirming that the system satisfies its top-level

requirements is the definition of: (choose 1)
a. Verification
b. Validation
c. Traceability
d. Test
System integration internal to the system is called:
(choose 1)
a. Design integration
b. Subsystem test
c. IFWG
d. System build
Which of the following are characteristics of
validation? (choose 3)
a. Involves customers and users
b. Is often performed by a third party
c. May be performed in the operational environment
or a simulated operational environment
d. Compares output of a phase to system
requirements
e. Can be done via inspection, analysis,
demonstration, test and certification
Quality Functional Deployment (QFD) is sometimes

called: (choose 1)
a. Fishbone Diagramming
b. House of Quality
c. Quality Breakdown Structure (QBS)
d. Correlation analysis
Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a
requirements flow down technique developed by the
Japanese for: (choose 1)
a. Deploying the voice of the customer
b. Tracing Total Quality standards to requirements
c. Ensuring that the implementer will produce the
right thing
d. Ensure Total Quality of the product
In Quality Function Deployment, which elements are

correlated on the X/Y coordinates? (choose 3)
a. Requirements
b. Cost
c. What
d. Priority
e. Features
f. How
Human Engineering should be involved in which of
the following interactions? (choose 1)
a. Scenario Definition and User Review
b. participation in Function Analysis
c. Function Allocation Decisions
d. Compatibility of Models
e. All of the above
The human engineer is primarily responsible for
which types of requirements? (choose 2)
a. User interface requirements
b. Human performance requirements
c. Human engineering design requirements
d. Functional requirements
e. Human safety
Requirements Traceability is done as part of the:
(choose 1)
a. Risk management
b. Trade study
c. Decision database
d. Technical performance measurement
Which of the following should be included in the
SEMP? (choose 1)
a. The results of the creation of the project team
b. The list of the project team members by name
c. A staffing plan for future work
d. All of the above
In Systems Engineering, identification of the major
project phases and milestones and the entrance and
exit criteria are defined in the: (choose 1)
a. WBS
b. SEMS
c. SEDS
d. TPM
Which of the following are Functional

Analysis/Allocation methodologies? (choose 3)
a. Functional Flow Diagrams (FFDs)
b. Cost estimation plots
c. Timeline Analysis
d. Equivalency and Dependency Diagrams
e. Modeling and Simulation
f. Decision Tree Analysis
An example of a systematic approach to identify and
define interfaces is: (choose 1)
a. Functional Flow Diagram
b. Trade studies
c. N2 charts
d. Functional thread analysis
Threads should be traced to which of the following?
(choose 1)
a. Test plans
b. Design
c. Software requirements
d. All of the above
A graphical means of modeling the dynamic
behavior of a system can be described with a:
(choose 1)
a. Entity relationship diagram
b. State transition diagram
c. Object oriented modeling
d. A and C
The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), used I
tradeoff analysis, provides a framework for dealing
with which of the following? (choose 1)
a. Intuitive
b. Rational
c. Irrational
d. All of the above
The User Concept of Operations (OpsCon) requires
that the solution must be available 98% of the
working day. What is the maximum amount of time
that the system can be unavailable during an 8.hr
day in order to satisfy the validation criterion?
(choose 1)
a. 5.7 minutes
b. 6.2 minutes
c. 9.6 minutes
d.10.8 minutes
You are the Systems Engineer on a small, low
complexity project. What tailoring to systems
engineering processes should you do?
a. Use written communication and simplify the
organizational process
b. Use written communication and adhere to
standard organizational processes
c. Use combination of oral and written
communications and simplify the organizational
processes
d. Use a combination of oral and written
communications and adhere to the standard
organizational processes
Which areas may see a significant Increase in

productivity If enterprises are organized In
"lntegrated Product Teams”? (1 answer)
A. Implementing a new technology only.

B. Area of Design and Production
C. During the identification of resource
What Is the basis to monitor the expected project
results? (1 answer)
A. The expected project results are defined in the

project plan.
B. The expected project results should be based on
clearly defined and measurable criteria.
C. The expected project results are harmonised and
authorised for each development phase with all
potential users.
ConfIguration-Management ... (1 answer)
A. ... should be described in the systems engineering
plan (SEP) only if explicitly an agile reaction to
market needs is forseen.
B. ... should be planned in the systems engineering
plan (SEP).
C. ... maintained usually in the systems engineering
plan (SEP) over the whole system life cycle to be
able to review the state of the system baselines at
any time in the SEP.
Which documents should be available at the end of
the project planning process to start the monitoring
and control? Provide two (2) of the documents that
have to be present for the project baseline. (2p)
The risk management process shall Induce
comprehension of project risks and avoid them
becoming reality. Which are the essential risks? (1
answer)
A. The risk management process shall avoid cost-
and schedule risks.
B. The risk management process shall avoid process
risks happening.
C. The risk management process shall avoid risks
resulting from insufficient effectivity
D. The risk management process shall avoid risks
resulting from holiday planning of the project team.
Why is the Systems Engineering Master Schedule

(SEMS) an essential part of Systems Engineering
Plan (SEP)? (3 answers)
A. Because it gives the customer crucial information
on when he can expect (partial) deliveries
B. Because it determines the critical path of the
technical activities of the project.
C. Because verification activities in the SEMS have
especially high attention.
D. The SEMS and the task dependencies defined in
it are helpful to justify requests for personnel and
ressources
E. Because it is indispensible for the provision of
ressources.
Which Items are listed In the master Inventory list of

baseline? Name two (2) configuration items (CI) and
justify why they are configuration items. (3P)
Give two (2) of the most probable consequences

(effects) of accepted change requests after their
sucessful implementation in the project. (4P)
Baselines are reference points for the development
and the control of the project. To which criteria do
they relate? (2 answers)
A. They relate to the budget.
B. They relate to the physical appearance.
C. They relate to the strategy chance
Configuration control is performed by monitoring and
controlling the configuration of the system of Interest
with its hard- and software parts. Which time frame
spans the configuration control? (1 answer)
A. Only over the development phase.
B. Over the whole Life cycle.
C. Over a develpment period determined by the
project management (for instance the software
development).
Stakeholder of the SE life cycle have used models
and simulation for some time both to check their own
thinking and to communicate their concepts to
others. Give two (2) benefits to do so. (2 answers)
A. Models and simulation present a clear coherent
design to those who will develop, test, deploy and
evolve the system.
B. Models and simulation represent the expected
Trade studies provide an objective baseline to chose
an approach for the solution of an engineering
problem. Describe the use cases and boundary
condition where a decision tree can be used. Justify
your opinion.
A typical verification merhod is …
A. Test
B. Analysis
C. PowerPoint Presentation
D. Argueing
In which environment can the validation be
performed? (1 answer)
A. Validation is an assessment and is performed with
theoretical means (i.e. analysis) and subsequent
reviews in a synthetic environment
B. Validation can be performed in the real operation
environment or in a simulated application
environment
C. Validation can be performed only in the actual
operation environment.
D. Validation can be performed only in a simulated
application environment.
E. Validation is always performed in the laboratory
environment.
Because the development results are available only
much too late, the verification is started only shortly
before the project concludes. What could be the
biggest problem in this case? (1 answer)
A. The verification planning shall be never changed
according to the SOl 5288 and the process shall
follow the inncorrect planning.
B. There is not enough time to fix errors the
verification will detect.
C. The process requires to postpone the
requirements analysis
Give three (3) basic verification activities and justify

where to read the verification results. (3P)
What is the core (primary) goal of the system safety
engineering? (1 answer)
A. The goal of the system safety effort is to ensure
that there is no danger for the life or health of the
operator only.
B. The goal of the system safety effort is to ensure
that warnings are correct formulated.
C. The core of system safety engineering is to
identify and eliminate or control safety risk potential
within the development, operation or maintenance
phase.
The ratio of cost and benefit for a system Is an
Important factor for th accquisition decision of a
customer. How shall this system aspect be
considered? (1 Answer)
A. With different analyses it shall be reasoned how a
low maintenance system can be implemented.
B. With different analyses it shall be reasoned,
whether it is more cost effective to Influence the
design of the system or to plan for spare parts and
maintenance during operation of the system
C. For the customer it is primarily important that how
high the accquisition cost are. Therfore systems
shall be designed as simple as possible and
implemented if specially required.
D. The first choice of a system design is always the
solution with the highest technical level because this
generates highest costumer satisfaction. The
question about high or low demand on spare parts is
of second order.
When will the planning of maintenance be started?

(1 answer)
A. The planning of the maintenance is started early
in the system lifecycle.
B. The planning of the maintenance is started
directly after completion of development.
C. The plannings of the maintenance are the first
step of the maintenance phase.
You ask your co-worker: "Is the workplace for the
new co-worker already set up?" With which "ear" has
he received the question If he answers: "You do not
trust me to organize this in time without reminding
me." (1 answer)
A. Matter ear
B. Appeal ear
C. Relationship ear
D. Self-revealing ear
What is a Technical Process?
Key Differneces between leaders and managers

defined by Kotter
Name the Purpose of the Stakeholder Needs and
Requirements Definition Process
Name the purpose of the System Requirements

Definition Process
Name the purpose of the Design Definition Process
Name the purpose of the System Analysis Process
Name the purpose of the Implementation Process
Name the purpose of the Integration Process
Name the purpose of the Verification Process
Name the purpose of the Transistion Process
Name the purpose of the Validation Process
Name the purpose of the Operation Process
Name the purpose of the Maintenance Process
Name the purpose of the Disposal Process
Name the purpose of the Project Planning Process

Name the purpose of the Decision Management
Process
Name the purpose of the Risk Management Process

Name the purpose of the Information Management
Process
Name the purpose of the Measurement Process
Name the purpose of the Quality Assurance Process
Name the purpose of the Acquisition Process
Name the purpose of the Supply Process
Name the purpose of the Life Cycle Model

Management Process
Name the purpose of the Infrastructure Management

Process
Name the purpose of the Portfolio Management
Process
Name the purpose of the Human Resource
Management Process
Name the purpose of the Quality Management
Process
Name the purpose of the Knowloedge Management

Process
In which six domains SE is apllied frequently
Choose 6:
A: Automotive Systems
B: Biomedical and Healthcare Systems
C: Chemical Systems
D: Defense and Aerospace Systems
E: Infrastucture Systems
F: Bank Systems
G: Space Systems
H: Transportation Systems
What is Resilience?
Choose 4 Inputs for resiliency Engineering:

A: Recovery Time
B: Threats
C: Objectives and Priorities
D: Default
E: Type and Purpose of SOI
F: Solution proposals
Chose 4 Outputs for resliliency engineering:

A: Preffered system Characteristics
B: Recovery Time
C: Threats
D: System-predicted response
E: Loss of recovery function
F: Recovery time
Name two benefits of modeling and simulation
What are the purposes of modeling ? Choose 4

A: Characterizing an existing system
B: Business or Mission analysis
C:Mission and system concept formulation
D: System architectural design and requirements
E: Support for training
F: Verification and Validation
Name 2 types of models
Name 2 types of simulations
What means MBSE?

Choose 3 benefits of MBSE:
A: Improved communications
B: More Data
C: Improve product quality
D: Enhance knowledge
E: Improve System analysis
Define Model-Based Systems Engineering
What is Function-based Systems Engineering?
Name the purpose of Function-based Systems

Engineering
Why should Function-based Systems Engineering be

conducted iteratively? Name 3 Facts
What is Prototyping?
What is Interface management?
What is the purpose of N2-Diagramms
What is a Design Structure Matrix (DSM) ?
What is the purpose of Intergrated product

development
What is the potential of Integrated development?

A: Introduce more possibilities
B: Introduce more risks
C: Create a wide solution space
D: Set crossfunctional terms
Chose the 6 principles of lean development:
A: Perfection
B: Push
C: Pull
D: Respect
E: Value
F: Value orientation
G: Value stream
H: Flow
I: Orientation
Characterize the lean SE approach!
Define lean thinking!
Define lean systems engineering!
What is Value defined as?
What is Waste defined as?
What are main types of waste?
What does wasting by over-processing encompass?
What does wasting by waiting encompass?
What does wasting by unnecessary movement

encompass?
What does wasting by over-production encompass?

What does wasting by transportation encompass?
What does wasting by inventory encompass?
What does wasting by defects encompass?
What is the Value Principle, a main outcome of the

LEAN SE Working Group?
What is the Value Stream Principle, a main outcome

of the LEAN SE Working Group?
What is the Flow Principle, a main outcome of the

What is the Pull Principle, a main outcome of the

What is the Perfection Principle, a main outcome of

the LEAN SE Working Group?
What is the Respect-for-People Principle, a main

outcome of the LEAN SE Working Group?
What are the strengths of the IDD approach?
How could Agile SE be summarized?

How can Agile SE be summarized?
How can agility be measured?
What are the 3 critical elements in the Agile

Architecture Framework?
What are modules in the context of Agile SE?
What is meant by passive infrastructure in the

context of Agile SE?
What is meant by active infrastructure in the context

of Agile SE?
What are the 3 resuable design principles?
What are the 4 reconfiguration design principles?
What are the 3 scalable design principles?

What is combined in Product line management?
*Choose 4
A: Product
B: Process
C: Administration
D: Organisation
E: Management
F: Line
What are Services?
What is the purpose of Service SE?
Choose the three type of service systems:

A: Systems that focus on stakeholders
B: Systems that focus on flow of things
C: Systems that focus on human acitivties
D: Systems that focus on machines
E: Systems that focus on governing
Name the Value of Service SE
What is Enterprise SE?
What is the objective of performing VE?
How is Value defined for Value Engineering VE.
What are the 7 phases of the VE job plan?
What are aspects of leadership that are relevant of

system engineers?
Text 2
Set of cohesive tasks of a process.

A system that supports a system‐of‐interest during its life‐cycle stages but does not necessarily
contribute directly to its function during operation.
Person or a group of people and facilities with an arrangement of responsibilities, authorities and
relationships [adapted from ISO 9000:2005]
Set of interrelated or interacting activities which transforms inputs into outputs.
An endeavor with start and finish criteria undertaken to create a product or service in accordance
with specified resources and requirements.
A period within the life cycle of an entity that relates to the state of its description or realization.
A combination of interacting elements organized to achieve one or more stated purposes.

An integrated set of elements, subsystems, or assemblies that accomplish a defined objective.
These elements include products (hardware, software, firmware), processes, people, information,
techniques, facilities, services, and other support elements. (INCOSE) An example would be an air
transportation system.
A member of a set of elements that constitutes a system.
A major product, service, or facility of the system, e.g. the aircraft element of an air transportation
system (the term subsystem is sometimes used instead of element).
The system whose life cycle is under consideration.
System of systems applies to a system‐of‐interest whose system elements are themselves
systems; typically these entail large scale inter‐disciplinary problems with multiple, heterogeneous,
distributed systems.
Systems Engineering (SE) is an interdisciplinary approach and means to enable the realization of
successful systems. It focuses on defining customer needs and required functionality early in the
development cycle, documenting requirements, and then proceeding with design synthesis and
system validation while considering the complete problem: operations, cost and schedule,
performance, training and support, test, manufacturing, and disposal. SE considers both the
business and the technical needs of all customers with the goal of providing a quality product that
meets the user needs. (INCOSE)
1. Concept
2. Development
3. Production
4. Utilization
5. Support
6. Retirement
Technical Processes include 14 processes:
- Business and mission analysis process
- Stakeholder needs and requirements definition process
- System requirements definition process
- Architecture definition process
- Design definition process
- System analysis process
- Implementation process
- Integration process
- Verification process
- Transition process
- Validation process
- Operation process
- Maintenance process
- Disposal process
Technical Management Processes include 8 processes:
- project planning
- project assessment and control
- decision management
- risk management
- configuration management
- information management
- measurement
- quality assurance
Agreement Processes include 2 processes:
- acquisition
- supply
Organizational Project Enabling Processes include 6 processes:
- life cycle model management
‐
- infrastructure management
‐
- portfolio management
- human resource management
- quality management
- knowledge management
Inputs only include those items that are acted upon by the process and used or transformed to
create the outputs. For example, guidance and instructions are not inputs. They are considered as
part of the controls, since they are not changed by the process.
H. Prepare for business or mission analysis
A. Define the problem or opportunity space
B. Characterize the solution space
F. Evaluate alternative solution classes
D. Manage the business or mission analysis
A. Prepare for stakeholder needs and requirements definition

B. Develop the operational concept and other life cycle concepts
D. Analyze stakeholder requirements
B. Define stakeholder needs

D. Transform stakeholder needs into stakeholder requirements
E. Manage the stakeholder needs and requirements definition
B. Manage the system requirements
C. Prepare for system requirements definition
E. Define system requirements
G. Analyze system requirements
C. Prepare for architecture definition

D. Develop models and views of candidate architectures
E. Manage the selected architecture
B. Develop architecture viewpoints

D. Relate the architecture to design
E. Assess architecture candidates
B. Manage the design

C. Prepare for design definition
E. Establish design characteristics and design enablers related to each system element
F. Assess alternatives for obtaining system elements
A. Perform system analysis

C. Prepare for system analysis
D. Manage system analysis
A. Perform Implementation
C. Prepare for Implementation
D. Manage results of Implementation
A. Perform Integration
C. Manage results of Integration
E. Prepare for Integration
A. Manage results of Verification

B. Perform Verification
E. Prepare for Verification
A. Manage results of Transition

D. Perform the Transition
E. Prepare for the Transition
A. Perform Validation
C. Prepare for Validation
E. Manage results of Validation
B. Manage results of Operation

C. Support the customer
E. Perform operation
F. Prepare for operation
B. Manage results of Maintenance and logistics

C. Perform logistics support
D. Perform Maintenance
F. Prepare for Maintenance
A. Finalize the Disposal

C. Prepare for Disposal
E. Perform Disposal
A. Define the project
B. Plan project and technical management
E. Activate the project
A. Plan for project Assessment and control

B. Assess the project
D. Control the project
B. Prepare for decisions

C. Analyze the decision information
E. Make and manage decisions
A. Plan risk management

C. Manage the risk profile
D. Analyze risks
F. Treat risks
G. Monitor risks
B. Plan configuration management

C. Perform configuration identification
E. Perform configuration change management
A. Perform Configuration status accounting

B. Perform configuration evaluation
D. Perform release control
B. Prepare for Information Management

C. Perform Information Management
A. Prepare for measurement

D. Perform measurement
C. Prepare for quality assurance
E. Perform process evaluations
A. Manage QA records and reports

D. Treat incidents and problems
A. Establish and maintain an agreement

C. Accept the product or service
D. Prepare for the acquisition
F. Advertise the acquisition and select the supplier
H. Monitor the agreement
B. Respond to a tender
C. Establish and maintain an agreement
E. Execute the agreement
F. Prepare for the supply
H. Deliver and support the product or service
B. Establish the process

D. Assess the process
E. Improve the process
A. Establish the infrastructure

B. Maintain the infrastructure
B. Define and authorize projects

C. Evaluate the portfolio of projects
E. Terminate projects
A. Identify skills
B. Develop skills
D. Acquire and provide skills
B. Plan quality management

D. Assess quality management
E. Perform quality management corrective action and preventive action
A. Plan Knowledge Management

C. Share Knowledge and skills throughout the organization
D. Share Knowledge assets throughout the organization
E. Manage knowledge, skills, and knowledge assets
A. Identify and record the circumstances that influence tailoring

B. Take due account of the life cycle structures recommended or mandated by standards
E. Obtain input from parties affected by the tailoring decisions
A. Make tailoring decisions

D. Select life cycle processes that require tailoring
What are the inputs for the Business or Mission analysis Process? (Choose 6)
A. Source documents
B. Stakeholder requirements traceability
D. OpsCon
E. Project constraints
H. Organizational strategic plan
What are the outputs of the Business or Mission analysis Process? (Choose 11)
A. Business or mission analysis strategy
B. Alternative solutions classes
C. Major stakeholder identification
E. Preliminary life cycle concepts
F. Preliminary validation criteria
G. Business requirements traceability
J. Preliminary MOE data
K. Preliminary MOE needs
L. Problem or opportunity statement
N. Business requirements
P. Business or mission analysis record
What are the inputs for the Stakeholder Needs and Requirements Process? (Choose 12)
A. Source documents
D. System requirement traceability
E. Stakeholder Needs
G. Preliminary life cycle concepts
I. Problem or opportunity statement
J. Preliminary MOE needs
K. Preliminary MOE data
N. Business requirements traceability
O. Major stakeholder identification
P. Preliminary validation criteria
R. Alternative solutions classes
V. Project constraints
W. Business requirements
What are the outputs of the Stakeholder Needs and Requirements Process? (Choose 10)
A. Stakeholder needs and requirements definition strategy
C. Stakeholder requirements traceability
F. Initial RVTM
G. System function identification
I. Life cycle concepts
J. Stakeholder requirements
M. Stakeholder needs and requirements definition record
N. MOE needs
R. MOE data
Inputs for the System Requirements Definition Process: 8

E. Initial RVTM
H. System function identification
K. Stakeholder requirements traceability
J. Life cycle constraints
P. Architecture traceability
Q. Final RVTM
Outputs of the System Requirements Definition Process: 10
A. System requirements definition strategy
C. System requirements definition record
D. MOP data
L. Updated RVTM
M. System functional interface identification
N. MOP needs
O. Verification criteria
Q. System requirements
Inputs for the Architecture Definition Process: 9

C. System requirements
D. Interface definition update identification
E. Updated RVTM
G. Design traceability
R. System functional interface identification
Outputs of the Architecture Definition Process: 9
A. Architecture definition strategy
D. Preliminary TPM needs
E. Documentation tree
I. Preliminary interface definition
M. System architecture rationale
N. Architecture traceability
O. Preliminary TPM data
P. System architecture description
R. Architecture definition record
Inputs for the Design Definition Process: 13

B. Preliminary interface definition
C. Preliminary TPM data
D. System functional interface identification
F. System function definition
G. Implementation traceability
K. Architecture traceability
O. Preliminary TPM needs
R. Life cycle constraints
S. Interface definition update identification
T. System architecture rationale
Outputs of the Design Definition Process: 9
A. Design definition strategy
B. Design definition record
E. System element descriptions
J. TPM needs
L. TPM data
M. Interface definition
N. System design description
O. Design traceability
Inputs for the System Analysis Process: 3

D. Analysis situations
Outputs of the System Analysis Process: 3

A. System analysis strategy
E. System analysis report
F. System analysis record
What are the inputs for the Implementation Process? Choose X

B. System design description
E. System architecture rationale
H. Design traceability
L. System element description
What are the outputs of the Implementation Process? Choose X
A. Implementation strategy
B. Implementation report
D. Implementation enabling system requirements
E. Implementation traceability
H. System elements
I. System element documentation
J. Implementation constraints
K. Implementation record
L. Operator/ maintainer training materials
What are the inputs for the Integration Process? Choose X

D. System element description
F. System element documentation
K. Implementation traceability
N. System elements
What are the outputs of the Integration Process? Choose X

A. Integration strategy
C. Integration record
D. Integration report
E. Integration constraints
F. Integration procedure
G. Integrated system or system elements
H. Interface definition update identification
K. Integration enabling system requirements
What are the inputs for the Verification Process? Choose X
B. System requirements
C. Integration report
F. Updated RVTM
G. Verification criteria
L. Integrated System or system elements
What are the outputs of the Verification Process? Choose X

A. Verification strategy
B. Verification record
D. Verification report
F. Verification constraints
G. Final RVTM
H. Verification procedure
J. Verified system
K. Verification enabling system requirements
What are the inputs for the Transition Process? Choose X

B. Verification report
D. Verified system
G. Final RVTM
K. Operator/ maintainer training materials
What are the outputs of the Transition Process? Choose X

A. Transition strategy
B. Transition constraints
D. Transisiton report
E. Transition enabling system requirements
F. Installed system
G. Transition record
I. Trained operators and maintainers
L. Transition procedure
What are the inputs for the Validation Process? Choose X
B. Installed system
G. Transisiton report
I. Final RVTM
What are the outputs of the Validation Process? Choose X

A. Validation strategy
B. Validated requirements
C. Validation record
E. Validation procedure
G. Validation enabling system requirements
I. Validated system
K. Validation constraints
L. Validation report
What are the inputs for the Operation Process? Choose X

I. Validated system
K. Validation report
What are the outputs of the Operation Process? Choose X

A. Operation strategy
C. Operation record
D. Operation report
E. Operation constraints
G. Operation enabling system requirements
What are the inputs for the Maintenance Process? Choose X
C. Validation report
E. Operation report
F. Validated system
What are the outputs of the Maintenance Process? Choose X

A. Maintenance strategy
B. Maintenance report
D. Maintenance record
G. Maintenance enabling system requirements
I. Maintenance constraints
J. Maintenance procedure
What are the inputs for the Disposal Process? Choose X

C. Validated system
E. Operation report
What are the outputs of the Disposal Process? Choose X

A. Disposal strategy
B. Disposal procedure
D. Disposal constraints
E. Verified Life cycle concepts
G. Disposal enabling system requirements
I. Disposed system
J. Disposal report
K. Disposal record
What are the inputs for the Acquisition Process? Choose X
B. Acquired system
C. Acquisition need
I. Acquisition reply
What are the outputs of the Acquisition Process? Choose X

A. Acquisition strategy
B. Request for supply
F. Acquisition report
H. Acquisition record
J. Acquisition agreement
What are the inputs for the Supply Process? Choose X

B. Supply payment
C. Request for supply
D. Validated system
E. Disposed system
What are the outputs of the Supply Process? Choose X

A. Supply strategy
B. Supply response
C. Supply report
D. Supply record
G. Supplied system
J. Supply agreement
What are the inputs for the Project planning Process? (Choose X)
B. Documentation tree
D. Life cycle models
E. Project portfolio
F. Strategy documents
J. Project direction
K. QM corrective actions
L. Source documents
M. Qualified personnel
N. Project lessons learned
V. Supply response
W. Quality assurance plan
What are the outputs of the Project planning Process? (Choose X)

A. SEMP
E. Project infrastructure needs
J. Aqcuisition need
K. Project schedule
L. WBS
M. Project human resources needs
O. Project planning record
Q. Project budget
What are the inputs for the Project assesment and control Process? (Choose X)
A. WBS
C. Configuration baselines
D. Validated requirements
E. Project schedule
F. Project budget
K. Reports
L. Quaility assurance evaluation report
M. Procedures
O. Information repository
P. QM corrective actions
Q. Measurement repository
What are the outputs of the Project assesment and control Process? (Choose X)
A. Project assessment and control strategy
C. Project performance measures data
F. Project performance measures needs
G. Project lessons learned
H. Project status report
J. Project control request
L. Project change request
O. Project assessment and control record
What are the inputs for the Decision management Process? (Choose 1)
A. Decision situation
What are the outputs of the Decision management Process? (Choose 3)

A. Decision management strategy
D. Decision record
E. Decision report
What are the inputs for the Risk management Process? (Choose 1)
A. Candidate risks and opportunities
What are the outputs of the Risk management Process? (Choose 3)
A. Risk management strategy
B. Risk report
C. Risk record
What are the inputs for the Configuration management Process? (Choose 2)
A. Candidate configuration items
D. Project change requests
What are the outputs of the Configuration management Process? (Choose 4)

A. Configuration management strategy
B. Configuration management record
F. Configuration management report
What are the inputs for the Information management Process? (Choose 2)
A. Candidate information items
C. Project change requests
What are the outputs of the Information management Process? (Choose 4)

A. Information management strategy
C. Information repository
D. Information management report
F. Information management record
What are the inputs for the Measurement Process? (Choose 2)

A. Meaurement needs
B. Measurement data
What are the outputs of the Measurement Process? (Choose 4)

A. Measurement management strategy
B. Measurement repository
D. Measurement management record
E. Measurement management report
What are the inputs for the Quality assurance Process? (Choose 4)
A. Quality management guideline
C. Quality management report
D. Quality management plan
What are the outputs of the Quality assurance Process? (Choose 4)

A. Quality assurance plan
B. Quality assurance evaluation report
E. Quality assurance report
F. Quality assurance record
What are the inputs for the Life cycle model management Process? (Choose 4)
B. QM corrective actions
D. Organization tailoring strategy
E. Quality management evaluation report
What are the outputs of the Life cycle model management Process? (Choose X)
A. Life cycle model management plan
F. Organization policies, procedures, and assets
H. Organizational process performance measures needs
J. Organizational process performance measures data
K. Lyfe cycle model management report
L. Lyfe cycle model management record
What are the inputs for the Infrastructure management Process? (Choose 3)
F. Project infrastructure needs
What are the outputs of the Infrastructure management Process? (Choose 5)
A. Infrastructure management plan
E. Infrastrcture management record
F. Organization infrastructure
I. Infrastructure management report
What are the inputs for the Portfolio management Process? (Choose 4)
B. Supply strategy
D. Project status report
E. Organization portfolio direction and constraints
What are the outputs of the Portfolio management Process? (Choose X)

A. Portfolio management plan
C. Portfolio management record
D. Organization lesson learned
F. Project direction
G. Portfolio management report
J. Organization infrastructure needs
L. Project portfolio
What are the inputs for the Portfolio Human resource management Process? (Choose X)
D. Project portfolio
F. Project human resources needs
What are the outputs of the Human resource management Process? (Choose X)
A. Human resource management plan
B. Human resource management report
E. Human resource management record
G. Qualified personnel
What are the inputs for the Quality management Process? (Choose X)
C. Customer satisfaction inputs
G. Quality assurance evaluation report
What are the outputs of the Quality management Process? (Choose X)

A. Quality management plan
B. Quality management record
E. Quality management guidelines
F. Quality management evaluation report
H. QM corrective actions
I. Quality management report
What are the inputs for the Knowledge management Process? (Choose 4)
B. Organization lessons learned
C. Records
E. Project lessons learned
What are the outputs of the Knowledge management Process? (Choose 3)

A. Knowledge management plan
B. Knowledge management report
C. Knowledge management system
What are the inputs for the Tailoring Process? (Choose 2)

C. Life cycle models
What are the outputs of the Tailoring Process? (Choose 2)

A. Organizational tailoring strategy
B. Project Tailoring strategy
A. Enabling Systems Engineering Activities

B. System Life Cycle Process Activities
C. Specialty Engineering Activities
B. Organization
D. Project
C. ISO/IEC 15288
A. Tailoring guidelines of chapter 10 should be used to remove any conflicts with existing policies
A. ISO/IEC 15288
B. Agreement Processes
D. Technical Management Processes
B. Organizational Project Enabling Processes

C. Technical Processes
Organization policies, procedures, and standards

Organization infrastructure
Project infrastracture
Knowledge management system
Applicable laws and regulations
Standards
Agreements
Project direction
Project control requests
A. Define the business or mission problem or opportunity
D. Characterize the solution space
F. Determine potential solution classes
Systems engineering is an interdisciplinary approach and means to enable the realization of

successful systems. It focuses on defining customer needs and required functionality early in the
development cycle, documenting requirements, and then proceeding with design synthesis and
system validation while considering the complete problem: operations, cost and schedule,
performance, training and support, test, manufacturing, and disposal. SE considers both the
business and the technical needs of all customers with the goal of providing a quality product that
meets the user needs. (INCOSE3)
B. System elements have different life cycles
C. Complexity is a major issue
B. Complexity of element interaction

C. Fuzzy boundaries limit the control of external interfaces
D. Utilization
B. System elements operate independently

D. Management hindering engineering
E. Determining system boundaries
A. Concept
B. >10%
The role of the systems engineer encompasses the entire life cycle for the
system‐of‐interest. Systems engineers orchestrate the development of a
solution from requirements determination through operations and system
retirement by assuring that domain experts are properly involved, that all
advantageous opportunities are pursued, and that all significant risks are
identified and mitigated. The systems engineer works closely with the project
manager in tailoring the generic life cycle, including key decision gates, to meet
the needs of their specific project.
Conway’s law suggests that ”organizations which design systems … are
constrained to produce designs which are copies of the communication
structures of those organizations.” Systems thinking and systems engineering
help organizations avoid the pitfall of Conway’s law by ensuring that system
designs are appropriate to the problem being addressed.
In short, to better understand, evaluate, control, learn, communicate, improve, predict, and
certify the work performed. For a given organizational level, the processes vary
with the project’s goals and available resources. At a high level, the company’s
business strategy determines the business approach, with the main goals of
time to market, minimum cost, or higher quality and customer satisfaction
setting the priorities. Similarly, the company’s size; the number, knowledge,
and experience of people44 (both engineers and support personnel); and
hardware resources determine how to achieve those goals. The application
domain and the corresponding system requirements, together with other
constraints, form another important factor in defining and applying processes.
B. assuring that domain experts are properly involved
D. all advantageous opportunities are pursued
E. all significant risks are identified and mitigated
A. Business aspect (business case)

C. Budget aspect (funding)
D. Technical aspect (product)
A. Ensure the risk of proceeding to the next step is acceptable

C. Ensure the elaboration of the business and technical baselines are acceptable
E. Continue to foster buyer and seller teamwork
A. terminate project
D. go to a preceding stage
E. continue this stage
A. Detailed planning
B. Development activities
C. IV&V activities
B. resolve production problems

C. reduce production costs
A. Logistics
C. Maintenance
E. Support
A. Concept
A. predictability
C. stability
D. repeatability
B. the requirements are unclear from the beginning

C. the customer wishes to hold the system.of.interest open to the possibilities of inserting new
technology
C. Identify stakeholders' needs

D. Explore concepts
E. Propose viable solutions
B. Create solution description

D. Verify and Validate System
C. Operate the system to satisfy users' needs

B. Vee
D. Waterfall
E. Agile development
B. Retirement
C. Production
D. Utilization
B. Identify and mitigate risks

D. Assure the proper involvement of domain experts
A. Product
B. Funding
E. Business Case
B. Terminate the project

C. Execute next stage
E. Hold project activity
A. Conduct in-depth studies to evaluate multiple concepts

B. Develop Mock-ups for hardware or software
D. Build and test prototypes for critical components

E. Build System
C. Project with high rate of unforeseeable change
B. Predictability
C. High assurance
E. Stability
A. Velocity
D. Adaptability
C. Operational Concept (OpsCon)
A. Acquisition Concept
D. Operational Concept
F. Retirement Concept
B. Concept of Support
Stakeholder Requirements – Formally documented and approved

stakeholder requirements that will govern the project, including:
required system capabilities, functions, and/or services; quality
standards; and cost and schedule constraints.
Measures of Effectiveness Needs – Identification of the MOEs, which define the information needs
of the decision makers with respect to system effectiveness to meet operational expectations (S.
275)
Stakeholder Requirements Traceability – All stakeholder requirements
should have bi‐directional traceability, including to their source, such
as the source document or the stakeholder need.
Elicit Stakeholder Requirements
– Identify stakeholders who will have an interest in the system
throughout its entire life cycle.
– Elicit requirements – what the system must accomplish and
how well.
Define Stakeholder Requirements
– Define constraints imposed by agreements or interfaces with
legacy enabling systems.
– Build scenarios to define the concept documents; the range of
anticipated uses of system products; the intended operational
environment; and interfacing systems, platforms, or products.
Scenarios help identify requirements that might otherwise be overlooked. Social and organizational
influences also emerge
from using scenarios.
– Establish critical and desired system performance – thresholds
and objectives for system performance parameters that are
critical for system success and those that are desired but may
be subject to compromise to meet the critical parameters.
– Establish MOEs and suitability – measures that reflect overall
customer/user satisfaction (e.g., performance, safety, reliability,
availability, maintainability, and workload requirements).
Analyze and Maintain Stakeholder Requirements
– Analyze requirements for clarity, completeness, and
consistency.
– Negotiate modifications to resolve unrealizable or impractical
requirements.
– Validate, record, and maintain stakeholder requirements
throughout the system life cycle and beyond for historical or
archival purposes.
– Establish and maintain a traceability matrix to document how
the formal requirements are intended to meet the stakeholder
objectives and achieve stakeholder agreement.
A. Use scenarios to define the concept of operations and other concept documents
B. Identify and include all stakeholders
1. Identify users and other stakeholders and understand their needs.
Develop and document the new mission needs of all user organizations
through user surveys.
2. Perform mission analysis to establish the operational environment,
requirements functionality, and architecture and to assess existing
capability.
3. Document the inadequacies or cost of existing systems to perform new
mission needs.
4. If mission success is technology driven, develop concepts and
document the new capabilities that are made possible by the
introduction of new or upgraded technology. Document the tradeoffs
in mission performance vs. technology steps.
5. Prepare a justification of the need for this mission compared to
alternative missions competing for the same resources.
6. Prepare the necessary documents to request funding for the first
program stage.
7. If system procurement is involved, develop the information needed to
release an RFP, establish the selection criteria and perform a source
selection.
1. New or updated customer needs, requirements, and objectives in
terms of missions, OpsCon, MOEs, technical performance, utilization
environments, and constraints
2. Technology base data including identification of key technologies,
performance, maturity, cost, and risks
3. Requirements from contractually cited documents for the system and
its configuration items (CIs)
4. Technical objectives
5. Records of meetings and conversations with the customer.
1. Project requirements
2. Mission requirements
3. Customer specified constraints
4. Interface, environmental, and non functional requirements
5. Unclear issues discovered in theSystem Requirements Definition Process
‐ issues raised
6. An audit trail of the resolution of the
7. V&V methods required by the customer
8. Traceability to source documentation
9. Substantiation (verification) that the database is a valid interpretation
of user needs.
1. The source operational requirements; deduce a set of statements describing the higher level,
mission oriented system objectives and record them.
2. Review the system objectives with end users and operational personnel and record the ‐conflicts.
3. Define‐ and model the operational boundaries.
4. For each model, generate a context diagram to represent the model boundary.
5. Identify all of the possible types of observable input and output events that can occur between
the system and its interacting external systems.
6. If the inputs/outputs are expected to be significantly affected by the environment between the
system and the external systems, add concurrent functions to the context diagram to represent
these transformations and add input and output events to the database to account for the
differences in event timing between when an output is emitted to when an input is received.
7. Record the existence of a system interface between the system and the environment or external
system.
8. For each class of interaction between a part of the system and an external system, create a
functional flow diagram to model the sequence of interactions as triggered by the stimuli events
generated by the external systems.
9. Add information to trace the function timing from performance requirements and simulate the
timing of the functional flow diagrams to confirm operational correctness or to expose dynamic
inconsistencies. Review results with users and operational personnel.
10. Develop timelines, approved by end users, to supplement the source requirements.
D. System Requirements Document
A. Integration is defined for the system

C. System elements are defined
A. Measures of the system’s ability to fulfill its objectives as defined by the requirements
B. Its ability to operate within resource constraints like time, budget, available knowledge and
skills
D. Cost of implementing and operating the system over its entire life cycle
F. It implements the functional architecture
A. Modeling tools such as SysML

A. To synthesize a system architecture baseline
1. Measures of the system’s ability to fulfill its mission as defined by the

requirements
2. Ability to operate within resource constraints
3. Accommodation of interfaces
4. Ability to adapt to projected future needs and interoperating systems
(i.e., system robustness)
5. Costs (economic and otherwise) of implementing and operating the
system over its entire life cycle
6. Side effects, both positive and adverse, associated with particular
architecture options
7. Measures of risk
8. Measures of quality factors
9. Measures of subjective factors that make the system more or less
acceptable to customers, users, or clients (e. g., aesthetic
characteristics).
A. Engineering
B. Stakeholders
E. Manufacturing
CMP = Configuration Management Plan

IMP = Information Management Plan
QMP = Quality Management Plan
RMP = Risk Management Plan
SEP = Systems Engineering Plan
WBS = Work Breakdown Structure
The SEMP is the top-level plan for managing the SE effort. It defines how the project will be
organized, structured, and conducted abd how the total engineering process will be controlled to
provide a product that satisfies stakeholder requirements. A well-written SEMP provides guidance
to a project and helps the organizationavoid unnecessary discussions about how to proform SE.
- Organization of the project and how SE interfaces with the other parts of the Organization
- Responsibilities and authority of the key positions
- Clear system boundaries and scope of the project
- Project assumptions and constraints
- Key technical objectives
- Infrastructure support and resource management
- Approach and methods used for planning and executing the technical processes, the technical
management processes, and the applicable specialty engineering processes.
In the early 1990s, companies began to discover that they really could be more
productive and reduce the risks inherent in concurrent product development if
they moved away from the traditional hierarchical management structure and
organized into Integrated Product Teams (IPTs). Some of the greatest
productivity gains came in three areas:
• Unleashing the team’s ingenuity through decentralized processes
• Avoidance of previous problems through new, creative approaches
• Better integration between engineering and manufacturing.
In turn, these led to improved product features, performance, quality, and
customer satisfaction. Later, as the importance of process was recognized, the
terminology was modified to Integrated Product & Process Development, or
IPPD.
• Integrated Product Development Team (IPDT) – A multidisciplinary
group of people who are collectively responsible for delivering a
defined product or process.
• Integrated Product & Process Development (IPPD) – The process of
using IPDTs to simultaneously develop the design for a product or
system and the methods for manufacturing the product or system.
The process verification may consist of review of a process description
by an IPDT. It may also include a demonstration to an IPDT of a
process.
• Concurrent Engineering – Is a management/operational approach
which aims to improve product design, production, operation, and
maintenance by developing environments in which personnel from all
disciplines (i.e., design, marketing, production engineering, process
planning, and support) work together and share data throughout all
stages of the product life cycle.
• Reduce time to market
• Improve product quality
• Reduce waste
• Save costs through the complete integration of SE life‐cycle processes.
An IPDT is a process‐oriented, integrated set of cross‐functional teams (i.e., an
overall team comprised of many smaller teams) given the appropriate
resources and charged with the responsibility and authority to define, develop,
produce, and support a product or process (and/or service). Process
orientation means that each team is staffed with all the skills necessary to
complete their assigned processes, which may include all or some of the
development and production steps.
• Seamless interfaces within the teams
• Reduced engineering design time
• Fewer problems in transition from engineering to manufacturing
• Reduced development time and cost.
1. Systems Engineering and Integration Team (SEIT)
2. Product Integration Team (PIT)
3. Product Development Team (PDT).
C. evaluates, periodically and at major events, the progress
and achievements against requirements, plans and overall business
objectives.
E. to determine the status of the project and direct project plan execution to
ensure that the project performs according to plans and schedules,
within projected budgets, to satisfy technical objectives.
A. WBS
B. Project budget
C. Project schedule
D. Procedures
E. Reports
F. Configuration baselines
G. Information repository
H. Measurement repository
I. QM corrective actions
J. Quality assurance evaluation report
K. Validated requirements
B. Project Plan
B. Assess the Project

C. Control the Project
F. Plan for Project Assessment and control
A. Project Performance Measures Data
C. Project Status Report
E. Project Change Requests
A. Review of requirements, design and product specification documents.

C. Acceptance of requirements, design and product specification documents.
B. Plan Configuration Management

F. Perform Configuration Management
C. Configuration Items
D. Change Requests
• A Configuration Management Plan (CMP) is tailored to satisfy the individual project procedures for
configuration management.
• The primary output of the Configuration Management Process is the maintenance of the
configuration baseline for the system and system elements wherein items are placed under formal
control as part of the decision‐making process.
• Establish a CCB with representation from all stakeholders and engineering disciplines
participating on the project.
• Begin the Configuration Management Process in the infancy stages of the system and continue
through until disposal of the system.
• Configuration management documentation is maintained throughout the life of the system.
A. Project Assessment and Control Process
B. CMP . Configuration Management Plan
C. QMP . Quality Management Plan
E. RMP . Risk Management Plan
B. Risk Management Process

C. Configuration Management Process
A. Technical
C. Cost
B. Representatives from all Stakeholders
C. During the Project Planning Process
[Agreement] processes define the activities necessary to establish an

agreement between two organizations. If the Acquisition Process is
invoked, it provides the means for conducting business with a supplier:
of products that are supplied for use as an operational system, of
services in support of operational activities, or of elements of a system
being developed by a project. If the Supply Process is invoked, it
provides the means for conducting a project in which the result is a
product or service that is delivered to the acquirer.
They are included in this handbook
because they conduct the essential business of the organization and establish
the relationships between organizations relevant to the acquisition and supply
(i.e., buying and selling) of products and services. Agreements may exist
between organizational units internal or external to the organization.
The Organizational Project‐Enabling Processes ensure the
organization’s capability to acquire and supply products or services
through the initiation, support and control of projects. They provide
resources and infrastructure necessary to support projects and ensure
the satisfaction of organizational objectives and established
agreements. They are not intended to be a comprehensive set of
business processes that enable strategic management of the
organization's business.
Life Cycle Model Management, Infrastructure
Management, Product Portfolio Management, Human Resource Management, Knowledge
Management
and Quality Management
Standards and handbooks are written to address generic practices that may or
may not apply to a given organization or system‐of‐interest. Most are
accompanied by a recommendation to adapt the processes and activities to the
situation at hand. This adaptation is called tailoring.
The principle behind tailoring is to establish an acceptable amount of process
overhead committed to activities not otherwise directly related to the creation
of the system. Tailoring scales the rigorous application of SE processes to an
appropriate level based on need and the system life‐cycle stage. For example,
tighter assessment and control cycles are typical of earlier stages of the system
life cycle.
C.At the organization level, it adapts external standards in the
context of the organizational processes.
G. At the project level, it adapts organizational processes for the unique needs of the project.
A. Identify and Document Tailoring Influences

C. Take Account of Recommended or Mandated Standards
E. Obtain Input from All Affected Parties
G. Make Tailoring Decisions
H. Tailor the Affected Life Cycle Processes
B. Organization Strategic Plan

D. Organization Tailoring Strategy
G. Project Tailoring Strategy
• Organization issues – The organization environment controls the

processes used in the development, determines who needs to
approve certain products, defines what form and content the product
takes, and what information can (or cannot) be shared between
entities, both internal and external.
• Organizational learning – A key enabler in the Tailoring Process is
experience with similar systems or familiarity between the
participating parties. Beginning with less formal process structure for
well‐understood systems and established teams may yield significant
cost savings without jeopardizing performance or quality.
• Organizational maturity – Established and well documented processes
that are used frequently among parties can contribute to successful
outcomes. In such instances, it may be more disruptive and add cost
to remove such processes. Considering the maturity of the
participating parties, both individually and as a whole, is an important
enabler for tailoring.
• Understand the Organization
• Understand the New Standard
• Adapt the Standard to the Organization (Not Vice Versa)
• Institutionalize Standards Compliance at the “Right” Level
• Allow for Tailoring.
• Stakeholders and customers (e.g., number of stakeholders, quality of
working relationships, etc.)
• Project budget, schedule, and requirements
• Risk tolerance
• Complexity and precedence of the system.
1. Reuse of a tailored baseline from another system without repeating
the Tailoring Process
2. Using all processes and activities “just to be safe”
3. Using a pre established tailored baseline
4. Failure to include relevant stakeholders
‐
Supportability analysis is an iterative analytical process by which the logistics support requirements
for a system are identified and evaluated.
Reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) is a cost-effective maintenance strategy to adress

dominant causes of equipment failures (supported bey FMECA and FTA):
System security engineering is focused on ensuring a system can function under disruptive
conditions associated with misuse and malicious behaviour. System security engineering involves a
disciplined application of SE principles in analyzing threats and vulnerabilities to systems during its
life cycle.
In economics, the term cost‐effectiveness applies to the comparison of the
relative spending (costs) and outcomes (effects) associated with two or more
courses of action. System cost‐effectiveness analysis helps derive critical
system performance and design requirements, and supports decision‐making.
Electromagnetic compatibility is the engineering discipline concerned with the behaviour of a
system in an eletromagnetic environment (EM).
A system is considered to be electromagnetically compatible when it can operate without
malfunction in an EM environment together with other systems or system elements and when it
does not add to that environment as to chause malfunction to other ystem or system elements.
The focus of environmental impact analysis is on potential deleterious effects

of a proposed system’s development, construction, use, and disposal. All
countries that have legally expressed their concern for the environment restrict
the use of hazardous materials (e.g., mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium 6, and
radioactive materials) with a potential to cause human disease or to threaten
endangered species through loss of habitat or impaired reproduction. Concern
extends over the full life cycle of the system to be developed, as is made
evident by the European Union’s 2006 resolution to adopt a legal restriction
that system developers and their suppliers retain lifetime liability for
decommissioning systems that they build and sell.
It refers to the toal cost incurred by a system, or product, throughout ist life. This "total" cost varies
by circumstances , the staekholders' point of view, and the product.
The capability to manufacture or produce a system element is as essential as the ability to properly
define and design it.
Producibility analysis is a key task in developing low-cost, quality products.
Manufacturing analyses dar upon the production concept and support concept. Manufacturing test
considerations are shared with the engineering team and are taken into account in built-in test and
automated test equipment.
Mass Properties Engineering13 (MPE) ensures that the system or system
element has the appropriate mass properties to meet the requirements. Mass
properties include weight, the location of center of gravity, inertia about the
center of gravity, and product of the inertia about an axis.
System safety engineering is an applied derivative of SE that builds upon the fundamentas of good
systems thinking and applies them analytivally through each of the system's life cycle phases.
A. Preliminary hazard analysis (PHA)

B. Functional hazard analysis (FHA)
C. System element hazard analysis (SEHA)
D. System hazard analysis (SHA)
E. Operations and support hazard analysis (O&SHA)
F. Fault tree analysis (FTA)
G. Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA)
H. Event tree analysis (ETA)
Training needs analyses support the development of products and processes for training the users,
maintainers, and support personnel of a system. Training analysis includes the development of
personnel capabilities and proficiencies to accomplish tasks at any point in the system life cycle to
the level they are tasked.
Human Systems Integration is the interdisciplinary technical and management processes for
integrating human considerations within and across all system elements. HSI focuses on the
human, an integral element of every system, over the system life cycle. It is an essential enabler to
SE practice as it promotes a “total system” approach that includes humans, technology (i.e.,
hardware, software), the operational context, and the necessary interfaces between and among the
elements to make them all work in harmony.
• Usability
• Usefulness
• Suitability
• Effectiveness
• Safety and health
• Resilience
• Understanding of the technological elements
• Reliability
• Availability
• Maintainability
• Supportability
• Trainability
• Cost of ownership.
The foundation for program success is rooted in requirements development. Human performance
requirements are derived from and bounded by other performance requirements within the system.
Front‐end analyses are extremely important in generating system requirements, which incorporate
HSI‐related requirements. Effective front‐end analyses start with a thorough understanding of the
mission of the new system and the actual work to be performed, successes or problems with any
predecessor systems, and the knowledge, skills, abilities, and training associated with the people
who are likely to interact with the proposed system technology.
It is critical to include HSI early in system development (during capabilities requirements

generation) and continuously through the development process to realize the greatest benefit to the
final system solution and substantial life cycle cost (LCC) savings. Fully utilizing HSI in IPPD helps
ensure that systems will not require expensive “train‐arounds” or late‐stage fixes to address issues
of ineffective usability and inefficiencies due to poor human interfaces. The systems engineer plays
a critical role in engaging HSI expertise to support the IPDTs, ensuring that human performance
and interface considerations are properly identified and developed in the design and that sound
functional allocations are made. A knowledgeable, interdisciplinary HSI team is generally required
to address the full spectrum of human considerations, and the systems engineer is key to ensuring
that HSI is included throughout the system’s life cycle.
Human Factors Engineering (HFE) – Involves an understanding of human capabilities (i.e.,

cognitive, physical, sensory, and team dynamic) and comprehensive integration of those
capabilities into system design beginning with conceptualization and continuing through system
disposal. A key objective for HFE is to clearly characterize the actual work to be performed, and
then use this information in creating effective, efficient, and safe humanhardware/ software
interfaces to achieve optimal total system performance (i.e., use, operation, maintenance, support,
and sustainment).
1. Initiate HSI Early and Effectively
2. Identify Issues and Plan Analysis
3. Document HSI Requirements
4. Make HSI a Factor in Source Selection for Contracted Development Efforts
5. Execute Integrated Technical Processes
6. Conduct Proactive Tradeoffs
7. Conduct HSI Assessments
EXT – External inputs and outputs
SUP – Supply
ACQ ‐ Acquisition
PP ‐ Project Planning
PAC ‐ Project Assessment and Control
DM ‐ Decision Management
RM ‐ Risk Management
CM ‐ Configuration Management
INFOM ‐ Information Management
MEAS ‐ Measurement
SRD ‐ Stakeholder Requirements Definition
RA ‐ Requirements Analysis
AD ‐ Architectural Design
IMPL ‐ Implementation
INT ‐ Integration
VER ‐ Verification
TRAN ‐ Transition
VAL ‐ Validation
OPER ‐ Operation
MAINT ‐ Maintenance
DISP ‐ Disposal
LCMM – Life Cycle Model Management
INFRAM ‐ Infrastructure Management
PPM – Project Portfolio Management
HRM – Human Resource Management
QM ‐ Quality Management
TLR – Tailoring.
AECL Atomic Energy Commission Limited [Canada]
AHP Analytic Hierarchy Process
ANSI American National Standards Institute
AVS Associate Value Specialist
CCB Configuration Control Board
CDRL Contract Data/Document Requirements List
CER Cost Estimating Relationship
Cf consequence of failure
CI configuration item
CMMI® Capability Maturity Model® Integration
CMP Configuration Management Plan
OpsCon Concept of Operations
COTS Commercial Off‐the‐Shelf
CSCI Computer Software Configuration Item
CSEP Certified Systems Engineering Professional
CVS Certified Value Specialist
DAU Defense Acquisition University
DOD Department of Defense [USA]
DODAF Department of Defense Architecture Framework [USA]
ECP Engineering Change Proposal
ECR Engineering Change Request
EIA Electronic Industries Alliance
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
EMI ElectroMagnetic Interference
ESEP Expert Systems Engineering Professional
FAST Function Analysis System Technique
FFBD Functional Flow Block Diagram
FMECA Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis
G&A General and Administrative
GAO Government Accountability Office [USA]
GE General Electric
GNP Gross National Product
HFE Human Factors Engineering
HSI Human Systems Integration
HWCI Hardware Configuration Item
ICD Interface Control Document
IDEF Integrated Definition for Functional Modeling
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IFWG Interface Working Group
IID Incremental and Iterative Development
ILS Integrated Logistics Support
INCOSE International Council on Systems Engineering
IPD Integrated Product Development
IPDT Integrated Product Development Team
IPPD Integrated Product and Process Development
IPT Integrated Product Team
ISO International Organization for Standardization
IV&V Independent Verification and Validation
IV&V integration, verification, and validation
KTA Kepner‐Tregoe Analysis
LAI Lean Advancement Initiative
LCC life‐cycle cost
LEfSE Lean Enablers for Systems Engineering
LINAC linear accelerator
LSA Logistic Support Analysis
MAUA Multi‐Attribute Utility Analysis
MBSE Model‐Based Systems Engineering
MEU Maximum Expected Utility
MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology
MODAF Ministry of Defense Architecture Framework [UK]
MOE Measure of Effectiveness
MOP Measure of Performance
MPE Mass Properties Engineering
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration [USA]
NCOSE National Council on Systems Engineering (pre 1995)
NDI Non Developmental Item
O&S Operations and Support ‐
‐
OCD Operational Concept Document, see OpsCon
OMG Object Management Group
OOSEM Object Oriented Systems Engineering Method
OpEMCSS Operational Evaluation Modeling for Context Sensitive Systems
OSI Open System ‐ Interconnect (for communication protocols)
PBS Product Breakdown Structure ‐
PCR Process Compliance Review
PDT Product Development Team
PERT Program Evaluation Review Technique
Pf probability of failure
PHS&T Packaging, Handling, Storage, and Transportation
PIT Product Integration Team
PLCS Product Life cycle Support
PSM Practical Software and Systems Measurement
PUID Project Unique ‐ Identifier
QA Quality Assurance
QFD Quality Function Deployment
QMP Quality Management Plan
R&D research and development
RCM Reliability Centered Maintenance
RFP Request for Proposal
RMP Risk Management Plan
RTM Requirements Traceability Matrix
RVTM Requirements Verification and Traceability Matrix
SAVE Society of American Value Engineers
SCN Specification Change Notice
SE Systems Engineering
SEARI Systems Engineering Advancement Research Institute
SEH Systems Engineering Handbook
SEIT Systems Engineering and Integration Team
SEMP Systems Engineering Management Plan
SEMS Systems Engineering Master Schedule
SEP Systems Engineering Plan
SoS system‐of‐systems
SOW Statement of Work
SRD System Requirements Document
SRR System Requirements Review
STEP Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data
SWOT Strength‐Weakness‐Opportunity‐Threat
SysML™ Systems Modeling Language
SYSPG Systems Engineering Process Group
TBD to be determined
TBR to be reviewed
TBS to be supplied
TPM Technical Performance Measure
TQM Total Quality Management
TR Technical Report
U.S. United States
UK United Kingdom
UL Underwriters Laboratory [USA and Canada]
UML™ Unified Modeling Language™
USA United States of America
USD U.S. dollars
V&V verification and validation
VA Value Analysis
VE Value Engineering
VM Value Management
VMP Value Methodology Practitioner
WBS Work Breakdown Structure
WG Working Group
B. The Acquisition Process
D. The Supply Process
B. Project Portfolio Management Process

C. Infrastructure Management Process
E. Quality Management Process
C. Comply with project directives from the enterprise

D. Are conducted according to approved plans
E. Are providing a service or product that is still needed and is providing acceptable investment
returns
A. Mandated use of COTS equipment

B. Operational Interfaces with other systems or organizations
D. Cost and Schedule
A. Activity Diagram
B. Sequence Diagram
B. Investigate the consequences of implementation
D. Frame the problem context.
B. Activity Diagrams
C. Sequence Diagrams
A. Use case diagram

C. Activity Diagrams
E. Sequence Diagrams
A. Ensure operational needs are clearly understood

D. Provide traceability between operational needs and source requirements
E. Establish a basis for requirements to support the system over its life
B. Concept of operation
D. System constraints
D. FMEDA
E. FTA
D. Accept, Avoid, Transfer, Control

A. Concept Costs
D. Development Costs
F. Production Costs
G. Retirement Costs
I. Utilization and Support Costs
D. Project Manager
C. Heuristic
E. Participative
A. Long Lead Items

B. Material Limitations
C. Producibility Analysis
A. Identify and document the characteristics of system elements such that they are unique and
accessible in some form
B. Establish controls to allow changes in those characteristics
D. Record, track, and report status pertaining to change requests or problems with a product
C. New technology has extended the capability of the system
D. Costs of development, utilization, and/or support have been reduced
E. Reliability and availability of the system has been improved
A. SEMP
B. Act as a tool for project control

D. Identify the critical path of technical activities on a project
E. Highlight verification activities for the project
B. Concurrent Development
A. Requirements Validation
B. Replaceable as an entity
C. Unique specification
D. Formal control of form, fit and function
F. Defined functionality
A. Traced from source document statements
B. System business case, SOW, and customer standard operation procedures
B. Test Program Plans

C. Test Reports
A. Architecture and Design
C. Have formal control of form, fit, and function
A. Delphi Technique
C. Interviews
D. Focus groups
A. Composite
a) Start with source operational requirements, deduce set of statements describing the higher level,
mission oriented system objectives and record them
b) Review the system objectives with end users and operational personnel and record the conflicts
d) For each model, generate a context diagram to represent the model boundary
B. System business case

C. Statement of user needs
D. Technical operational requirements
A. Functional flow diagrams

C. Control/data flow diagrams
D. Inspection
A. System requirements document

B. SOW
D. Company policy and procedures
A. Requirements analysis tools
B. Requirements traceability tools
C. Modeling tools
B. Constraints
C. Functional Requirements
D. Concept of Operations
B. Number of alternative decompositions

C. Percent of analyses completed
E. Number of functions without a requirements allocation
A. What the system will do, not how it will do it.
A. Context Diagrams
B. Data Dictionaries
D. Data flow diagrams
A. Logical groupings
C. State transitions
C. It must be decomposed to derived requirements which are allocated to single entities

C. N2 (N squared)
A. Its place in a network characterizing its interrelationships with the other functions at its level
B. Its inputs and outputs, both internal and external
D. The set of functional requirements that have been allocated to it and which define what it does
D. What the system will do but not how it will do it
A. Behavior diagrams
B. Context diagrams
D. Data dictionaries
B. Control flow diagrams

C. Entity relationship diagrams
D. Simulation results
A. Functional flow block diagrams that meet all of the functional requirements of the system
C. Requirements analysis
A. Identify from the SOW all design constraints placed on the program
B. Identify the groups defining constraints and incorporate them into Systems Engineering effort
D. Analyze the appropriate standards and lessons learned to derive requirements to be placed on
the h/w and s/w configuration item design
C. Functional
B. Number of internal and external interfaces not completely defined

C. Percentage of analysis completed
D. Number of functions not decomposed
A. Analysis tools
C. Requirements traceability tools
D. Modeling tools
A. Technology and technical constraints

C. Business case for the system, including cost and schedule goals or hard limits
B. Set of descriptors that define the dimensions of the design space
C. Set of element options
A. Assemble candidate System Architecture

C. Ensure in-process validation by involving the customer or user in this process
D. Screen the set of System Architecture options generated and retain only a reasonable number
B. Menu of elements and combinations

C. Examples of existing systems which perform similar functions
A. Measures of risk
C. Accommodation of interfaces
E. Measures of quality factors
A. Requirements and operational Concept, Functional Architecture, and Systems Architecture

options
C. Additional info needed to define the criteria
C. Software for Multi-Attribute Utility Analysis

D. Weighted scoring spreadsheet
A. Completeness of documentation
C. Completeness of the selection criteria of the recommended activities of this process
C. Resource usage is above acceptable limits

D. Perform all the functions of the system
E. Capable of meeting all requirements
C. Analysis of alternatives
E. System Architecture Synthesis
A. Procedures
B. Interfaces
C. People
A. Business case for the system

C. Requirements and life cycle operating concept, functional architecture
D. Technology (available and emerging) and technical constraints
A. System Requirements
C. Technology (available and emerging) and technology constraints
B. Synectics
D. Surveys
E. Inventory of existing concepts
A. Schedule span
B. Risk estimates for each alternative
E. Evidence that each alternative is consistent with the business case for the system
D. Systems Engineering
B. Brainstorming
D. Morphological analysis (MA)
E. Literature research
C. Kepner-Tregoe Analysis (KTA)

D. Decision trees
E. System schematic
B. Requirements
C. Programmatic considerations such as available resources, acceptable risk, and political
considerations
E. Operating concept
A. Parkinson Technique
C. Analogy
E. Price-to-Win
A. Top-Down
C. Bottom-Up
D. Algorithmic (parametric)
B. Requirements analysis
C. Architectural Design
E. Test and verification
A. Physical (Wind tunnel, mockups, engineering model,

B. Graphical (N2 charts, behavior diagrams, Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT), logic
trees
E. Statistical (Monte Carlo, sequence estimation)
A. Experience with application of similar models in similar circumstances

C. Comparison with test cases in the form of independent models of proven validity or actual test
data
D. The modeling schema itself can be validated by using small scale models
A. Mental
B. Formal
C. Informal
B. A list of viable alternative solutions to be evaluated

C. A list of screening criteria
E. A metric characterizing how well the various solutions satisfy the selection criteria
A. Cost risk
B. Programmatic risk
C. Schedule risk
A. Bayesian Team Support
A. Sensitivity
A. Maximum Expected Utility (MEU)

C. Mulit-Attribute Utility Analysis (MAUA)
D. 90%
C. Price-to-win
D. Design-to-cost
A. Parkinson technique
D. Wide band Delphi technique
A. Top-down
D. Parametric
C. Analogy
D. System
D. Representation and simulations
C. Design and development
C. Select the appropriate type(s) of model, design the model, validate the model, obtain needed
input data and operate the model
A. Do not mimic the structure of the system
A. Acoustic
B. Prototype
D. Wind tunnel
(Choose 2)
B. Structural test models
C. N2 charts
B. Small scale models
C. Comparison with test cases in the form of independent models of proven validity
B. Formal
C. Informal
D. Mental
A. Reliability
B. Testability
D. Maintainability
C. Four and six
A. operational context
C. technology
D. interfaces between/among system elements
A. system owner
B. operators
D. support personnel
A. suitability
C. reliability
D. maintainability
B. repair and sustainment

C. training
D. handling of hazardous materials
A. enhance user capabilities

C. maintain skill proficiencies (through continuation training and retraining)
D. expedite skill attainment
B. factors that threaten the safe operation of the system

D. pressure extremes
E. control of hazardous energy releases
A. lighting
C. vibration, noise, and temperature control
E. availability of medical care, food and/or drink services
A. life support
B. body armor
E. ejection equipment
C. Initiate HSI Early
D. Identify Issues and Plan Analysis
E. Make HSI a Factor in Source Selection for Contracted Development Efforts
B. HSI Assessment
D. Human-machine
A. System owners
B. Operators
D. Total System Performance
A. Peer Reviews
B. Trade Studies
A. IPDT Analyses
B. Trade studies
A. Cost of mishaps
B. Handling hazardous materials
D. Disposal costs
A. Manpower
C. Personnel
D. Training
C. Human Factors Engineering (HFE)

D. Environment
E. Safety
C. Requirements
D. OpsCon
B. System Build
C. System Integration with External Systems
A. Ensure elements are integrated into the system

B. Ensure the system is fully integrated into the larger program
C. Verification of all external and internal interfaces
B. Assess directional flow of functional interfaces, such as data, commands, and power
D. Review test procedures and plans which verify the interfaces
E. Conduct internal Interface Working Groups (IFWGs) as required
A. Determine the interfacing systems by reviewing system hierarchy, configuration items, N2

charts, functional block diagrams, etc.
C. Obtain interfacing programs' Interface Control Documents (ICDs), System Engineering Plans
(SEPs), and relevant interface documents.
D. Organize an Interface Control Document (ICD)
A. Percentage of completed ICD's

C. Number and type of interface issues resolved and unresolved
D. Percentage of approved ICD's
B. Percentage of released interface drawings

D. Number and type of interface issues resolved / unresolved
E. Percentage of approved ICDs
B. N2 Charts
C. Functional Block Diagrams
D. Interface Working Groups (IFWGs)
A. Physical
C. Functional
D. Logical
A. Interface statements/drawings
a. References and conforms to the standards

c. Serves as a “best practices” manual for systems engineering
d. All of the above
a. People were using systems engineering when they built the pyramids.
b. Systems engineering developed from operations research and decision analysis after World War
II.
c. Systems engineering began to evolve as a branch of engineering during the late 1950s.
a. Subsystem
b. Program Activity
a. Concept Exploration
b. Program Definition and Risk Reduction
c. Engineering and Manufacturing Development
c. Risk management
b. System Design
a. A customer/user training plan

b. A list of the technical reviews to be conducted
d. A list of the trade studies to be performed on the project
b. Only configuration items should be tracked and controlled
a. Based on a standard
b. Includes Statement of deficiencies
a. Periodic process compliance reviews (PCR)

b. Internal assessments of capability maturity
c. External assessments of capability maturity
a. Technical
b. Cost
c. Schedule
b. They provide reliable qualitative information

d. It is very important to defend and document data collection methodology
c. Production
a. Via technical performance measures
a. Expert interviews
c. Estimating relationships
d. Life Cycle Cost Analysis
a. External & program issues

b. System issues and integrity
a. A list of current team members

c. Outstanding action items
d. Key decisions made
b. Product development teams can make significant productivity improvements over hierarchical
management structures.
a. Define the PDT teams for the project

c. Team Training
d. Define the team vision and objectives
c. Critical Design Review
a. Requirement statements with Project Unique Identifiers (PUID)

b. Requirement traceability Matrices (RTM)
d. List of TBD, TBR and TBS
b. A complete reverse engineering of the current system
a. The requirement is necessary

c. The requirement is clear
e. The requirement is verifiable
c. Scenario
a. Define operational needs

c. Provide traceability between operational needs and written requirements
d. Establishes a basis for test planning
a. Initializing requirements database

c. Decomposition of requirements objectives
d. Generation of System Requirements Document
a. Concept of Operations Definition
d. Capturing source requirements
e. Refinement
a. Use of pronouns such as “he”, “she”, “they”

d. Use of adjectives and adverbs such as “real-time”, “precisely”, “timely”
e. Use of “should” and “should be” when appropriate
b. Trade studies are used to assist definition

c. Traceability must be maintained through all levels
d. The requirements database contains many attributes for each requirement
a. ICDs
c. An examination of a defined function to identify all the sub functions necessary to the
accomplishment of the function
a. System synthesis
d. Function
b. Define more detailed functions derived from higher-level functions in a step-by-step fashion
b. Describe how the systems will operate
a. The purpose of decomposing each function to lower-level functions is to allocate each to a

software CI.
c. Functions should not be allocated to COTS or NCI CI’s.
e. Cost is not a design constraint.
a. Maximum time between raising a system issue and getting it resolved

b. Remaining number of risk items that are unmitigated
c. Percent of performance requirements that have been allocated at the lowest level of the
functional hierarchy
c. The successful completion allows the start of the System Synthesis phase
d. The final criterion is the complete problem definition
c. When the risk reduction for continuation becomes smaller than the cost in time and money of the
effort to further decompose
b. Supports development of mission analysis

d. Supports the concept analysis
e. Is an hierarchical arrangement of functions
c. Trade Studies
e. Risk Report
c. A set of descriptors that define the dimensions of the design space

d. Documentation of the rationale which justifies the selection of the descriptors, design space
envelope and the menu of element options
e. Definition of the envelope of the design space to be scanned
a. Appropriate number of options: large enough to represent a reasonable sampling of the design
space envelope, small enough to analyze efficiently (three to five)
c. All of the options are capable of meeting the requirements, resource allocations and interfaces
e. The options span a reasonable range of technical maturity, allowing tradeoffs among cost, risk
and performance
b. You should perform a sensitivity analysis to test the robustness of the final selection
d. Use formal techniques if the criteria are numerous, difficult, or controversial
b. A top-down approach, starting with a set of system architecture options is created, each
providing a framework into which element options may be inserted
b. Attaining environmental goals may demand substantial design changes

e. The project may need to include an imbedded environmental monitoring element
a. Research & Development
e. Operations & Support Costs
b. A list of viable alternative solutions to be evaluated

c. A list of selection criteria, i.e., a set of factors that characterize what makes a specific alternative
desirable, including cost, risk and performance factors
f. For each of the selection criteria, a metric characterizing how will the various solutions satisfy that
criteria
a. Reliability/ Availability
c. Cost and risk should be included as criteria
a. Verification
d. System build
a. Involves customers and users
b. Is often performed by a third party
c. May be performed in the operational environment or a simulated operational environment
b. House of Quality
a. Deploying the voice of the customer
a. Requirements
c. What
e. Features
e. All of the above
b. Human performance requirements

c. Human engineering design requirements
c. Decision database
d. All of the above
b. SEMS
a. Functional Flow Diagrams (FFDs)

c. Timeline Analysis
e. Modeling and Simulation
c. N2 charts
d. All of the above
b. State transition diagram
d. All of the above
c. 9.6 minutes
c. Use combination of oral and written communications and simplify the organizational processes
B. Area of Design and Production
B. The expected project results should be based on clearly defined and measurable criteria.
B. ... should be planned in the systems engineering plan (SEP).
1. SEMP
2. WBS
A. The risk management process shall avoid cost- and schedule risks.
B. Because it determines the critical path of the technical activities of the project.
C. Because verification activities in the SEMS have especially high attention.
D. The SEMS and the task dependencies defined in it are helpful to justify requests for personnel
and ressources
1. Configuration Items are in the Master Inventory List.

Configuration Item 1: Example
Configuration Item 2: Example
Lower costs
Higher probability of mission success
A. They relate to the budget.

B. They relate to the physical appearance.
B. Over the whole Life cycle.

A. Models and simulation present a clear coherent design to those who will develop, test, deploy
and evolve the system.
D. Models and simulation confirm the need for the system and the anticipated system behaviours
before proceeding with the development of an actual system.
A decision tree is useful in trade studies where there are clear, important and distinct events that
stand between the alternatives and the eventual consequences.
A. Test
B. Analysis
B. Validation can be performed in the real operation environment or in a simulated application

environment
B. There is not enough time to fix errors the verification will detect.
1. Prepare for verification

2. Perform verification
3. Manage results of verification
Results of verification are to be read in verification documentation and finally in the RVTM.
C. The core of system safety engineering is to identify and eliminate or control safety risk potential
within the development, operation or maintenance phase.
B. With different analyses it shall be reasoned, whether it is more cost effective to Influence the
design of the system or to plan for spare parts and maintenance during operation of the system
A. The planning of the maintenance is started early in the system lifecycle.
C. Relationship ear
The Technical Processes are used to define the requirements for a system, to transform the
requirements into an effective product, to permit consistent reproduction of the product where
necessary, to use the product to provide the required services, to sustain the provision of those
services and to dispose of the product when it is retired from service.
Copying with change versus Copying with complexity
Setting a direction versus Planning and budgeting
Aligning people versus Organizing and stuffing
Motivating people versus Controlling and and problem solving
The purpose is to define the stakeholder requirements for a System that can provide the
cabability needed by users and other stakeholders in a defined environment
The purpose is to transform the stakeholder, user oriented view of desired capabilities
into a technical view of a solution that meets the operational needs of the user.
The purpose is to provide sufficient detailed data and information about the system and ist
elements to enable the implementation consistent with architectural entities as definied in models
and views of the system architecture
The purpose is to provide a rigorous basis of data and information for technical understanding to
aid decision-making across the life cycle
The purpose of the Implementation process is to realize a specific system element
The purpose of the Integration process is to synthesize a set of system elements into a realized
system that satisfies system requirements, architecture, and design
The purpose of the Verification process is to provide objective evidence that a system or system
element fulfils ist specified requirements and characteristics
The purpose is to establish a capability for a system to provide services specified by stakeholder
requirements in the operational environment
The purpose is to provide objective evidence that the system, when in use, fulfills ist business or
mission objectives and stakeholder requirements, achieving ist intended use in ist intended
operational environment
The purpose is to use the system to deliver ist services
The purpose is to sustain the capability of the system to provide a service
The purpose is to end the existence of a system element or system for a specific intended use,
appropriately or retired elements, and to properly attend to identied critical disposal needs
The purpose is to produce and coordinate effective and workable plans

The purpose is to provide a structured , analytical framework for objectively identifying,
characterizing and evaluating a set of alternatives for a decision at any point in the life cycle and
select the most beneficial course of action
The purpose is to identify, analyze, treat and monitor the risks continually
The purpose is to generate, obtain, confirm, transform, retain, retrieve, disseminate and dispose of
information, to designated stakeholders
Information management plans, executes, and controls the provision of information to designated
stakeholders that is unambiguous, complete , verifable, consistent, modifiable, traceable and
presentable. Information includes technical, project, organizational, agreement and user information
The purpose is to collect, analyze, and report objective data and information to support effective
management and demonstrate the quality of the products, services, and processes
The purpose is to help ensure the effective application of the organization's Quality Management
process to the project
The purpose is to obtain a product or service in accordance with the acquirer's requirements
The purpose is to provide an acquirer with a product or service that meets agreed requirements
The purpose is to define , maintain, and assure availability of policies, life cycle processes, life
cycle models, and procedures for use by the organization with respect to the scope of
[ISO/IEC/IEEE 152888
The purpose is to provide the infrastucture and services to projects to support organization and
project objectives throughout the life cycle
The purpose is to initiate and sustain necessary, sufficient and suitable projects in order to meet the
strategic objectives of the organization
The purpose is to provide the organisation with necessary human resources and to maintain their
competencies, consistent with busniess needs
The purpose is to assure that products, services and implementations of the quality management
process meet organizational and project quality objectives and achieve customer satisfaction
The purpose is to create the capability and assets that enable the organization to exploit
opportunities to re-apply existing knowledge
A: Automotive Systems
B: Biomedical and Healthcare Systems
D: Defense and Aerospace Systems
E: Infrastucture Systems
G: Space Systems
H: Transportation Systems
Resilience is the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb or mitigate, recover from, or more
successfully adapt to actual or potential adverse events
B: Threats
C: Objectives and Priorities
E: Type and Purpose of SOI
F: Solution proposals
A: Preffered system Characteristics

D: System-predicted response
E: Loss of recovery function
F: Recovery time
1. Models and simulation confirm the need for the systems and the anticipated system behaviours
before proceeding with the development of an actual system
2. Models and simulation present a clear, coherent design to those who will develop, test, deploy,
and evolve the system, thereby maximizing productivity and miniminzing error.
A: Characterizing an existing system

C:Mission and system concept formulation
D: System architectural design and requirements
E: Support for training
Informal models
Physical mockups
Formal models
Abstract models
Physical simulation
Computer-based simulation
Hardware simulation
Model-Based Systems Engineering
A: mproved communication
C: Improve product quality
D: Enhance knowledge
MBSE enhances the ability to capture, analyze, share, and manage the information associated with
the specification of a product.
It is an approach to SE that focuses on the functional architecutre of the system. A function is a
characteristic task, action, or activity that must be performed to achieve a desire outcome.
The purpose is to create a functional architecture for which system products and processes can be
designed and to provide the foundation for defining the systems architecure trhough the allocation
of functions and subfunctions to hardware/software, database, facilities and operations
1. To definde successively lower-level functions required to satisfy higher-level functional

requirements and to define alternative sets of functional requirements and to define alternative sets
of functional requirements
2. With requirements definition, to define mission- and environment-driven perforamnce and to
determine that higher-level requirements and design constraints
3. To flow down perforamnce requirements and design constraints
4. With architecture and design, to refine the definition of product and process solutions
Prototyping is a technique that can significally enhance the likelihood of providing a system that will
meet user's need. In addition, a prototype can faciliate both the awareness and understanding of
user needs an stakeholder requirements. Two types of prototyping are commonly used: rapid and
traditional
IM is a proven set of activities, that cut across the SE processes. It helps highlighting underlying
citical issues much earlier in the project than would otherwise be revealed. This impacts upon
project cost, schedule, and technical performance.
N2-Diagramms are a systematic approach to analyze interfaces. These apply to system interfaces,
equipment interfaces, or software interfaces. N2-Diagrams can also be used at later stages of the
development process to analyze and document physical interfaces between systems
DSM is a straightforward and flexible modeling technique that can be used for designing,
developing, and managing complex systems. DSM offers network modeling tools that represent the
elements of a system and their interactions, thereby highlighting the system's architecture or
designed structure
Integrated product and process development recognizes the need to consider all elements of the
product life cycle, from conception through disposal, starting at the beginning of the life cycle.
Important items to consider include quality, cost, schedule, user requirements, manufacturing, and
support. IPD also implies the continious integration of the entire product team, including
engineering, manufacturing, verification, and support, throughout the product life cycle.
B:Introduce more risks

A: Perfection
C: Pull
D: Respect
E: Value
G: Value stream
H: Flow
Lean SE is the application of Lean Thinking to SE and related aspects of organization and
project management. SE is focused on the discipline that enables flawless
development of complex technical systems. Lean Thinking is a holistic paradigm
that focuses on delivering maximum value to the customer and minimizing
wasteful practices.
Lean Thinking: "Lean thinking is the dynamic, knowledge‐driven, and
customer‐focused process through which all people in a defined enterprise
continuously eliminate waste with the goal of creating value."
Lean Systems Engineering: The application of lean principles, practices and
tools to SE to enhance the delivery of value to the system's stakeholders.
"Value is a measure of worth (e.g., benefit divided by cost) of a specific
product or service by a customer, and potentially other stakeholders and is a
function of (1) the product's usefulness in satisfying a customer need, (2) the
relative importance of the need being satisfied, (3) the availability of the
product relative to when it is needed, and (4) the cost of ownership to the
customer."
Waste: "The work element that adds no value to the product or service in
the eyes of the customer. Waste only adds cost and time."
1. Over-Processing
2. Waiting
3. Unnecessary movement
4. Over-Production
5. Transportation
6. Inventory
7. Defects
8. Waste of human potential
Over‐Processing – Processing more than necessary to produce the
desired output. Consider how projects "over do it" and expend more
time and energy than needed:
• Too many hands on the “stuff” (material or information)
• Unnecessary serial production
• Excessive/ custom formatting or reformatting
• Excessive refinement, beyond what is needed for Value.
Waiting – Waiting for material or information, or information or
material waiting to be processed. Consider "things" that projects
might be waiting for to complete a task:
• Late delivery of material or information
• Delivery too early – leading to eventual rework.
Unnecessary Movement – Moving people (or people moving) to access
or process material or information. Consider any unnecessary motion
in the conduct of the task:
• Lack of direct access – time spent finding what you need
• Manual intervention.
Over‐Production – Creating too much material or information.
Consider how more "stuff" (i.e., material or information) is created
than needed:
• Creating unnecessary data and information
• Information over‐dissemination; pushing data.
Transportation – Moving material or information. Consider how
projects move "stuff" from place to place:
• Unnecessary hand‐offs between people
• Shipping “stuff” (pushing) when not needed
• Incompatible communication – lost transportation through
communication failures.
Inventory – Maintaining more material or information than is needed.
Consider how projects stockpile information or materials:
• Too much “stuff” built‐up
• Complicated retrieval of needed “stuff”
• Outdated, obsolete information.
Defects – Errors or mistakes causing the effort to be redone to correct
the problem. Consider how projects go back and do it again:
• Lack of adequate review, verification, or validation
• Wrong or poor information.
Under the Value Principle, subenablers promote a robust process of establishing the value of the
end‐product or system to the customer with crystal clarity early in the program. The process should
be customer‐focused, involving the customer frequently and aligning employees accordingly.
The subenablers under the Value Stream Principle emphasize wastepreventing measures, solid
preparation of the personnel and processes for subsequent efficient workflow and healthy
relationships between stakeholders (e.g., customer, contractor, suppliers, and employees); detailed
program planning; frontloading; and use of leading indicators and quality measures. Systems
engineers should prepare for and plan all end‐to‐end linked actions and processes necessary to
realize streamlined value, after eliminating waste.
he Flow Principle lists subenablers that promote the uninterrupted flow of robust quality work and
first‐time right products and processes; steady competence instead of hero behavior in crises;
excellent communication and coordination; concurrency; frequent clarification of the requirements;
and making program progress visible to all.
The subenablers listed under the Pull Principle are a powerful guard against the waste of rework
and overproduction. They promote pulling tasks and outputs based on customer need (including
rejecting others as waste) and better coordination between the pairs of employees handling any
transaction before their work begins so that the result can be first‐time right.
The Perfection Principle promotes excellence in the SE and organization processes; the use of the
wealth of lessons learned from previous programs in the current program; the development of
perfect collaboration policy across people and processes; and driving out waste through
standardization and continuous improvement. A category of these subenablers calls for a more
important role of systems engineers, with responsibility, accountability and authority for the overall
technical success of the program.
The Respect‐for‐People Principle contains subenablers that
promote the enterprise culture of trust, openness, honesty, respect,
empowerment, cooperation, teamwork, synergy, and good
communication and coordination, and enable people for excellence.
IID distinguishes itself from conventional
approaches through velocity and adaptability.
Leverages an agile architecture for SE, enabling reconfiguration of goals, requirements, plans, and
assets, predictably.
Leverages an architecture for agile SE, enabling changes to the product during development and
fabrication, predictably.
Leverages an empowered intimately involved "product owner", enabling broad-level systems
thinking to inform real-time decision making as requirements understanding evolve.
Leverages human productivity factors that affect engineering, fabrication, and customer satisfaction
in an unpredictable and uncertain environment.
- Leverages an agile architecture for SE (product) enabling reconfiguration of goals requirements,
plans, and assets, predictably.
- Leverages an architecture for agile SE (product), enabling chanfes to the product (system) during
development and fabrication, predictably.
- Leverages an empowered intimately involved "product owner", enabling borad-level systems
thinking to inform real-time decision making as requirements understanding evolve.
- Leverages human productivity factors that affect engineering, fabrication, and customer
satisfaction in an unpredictable and uncertain environment.
- Time to respond
- Cost to respond
- Predictability of response capability
- Scope of response capability
Modules, passive infrastructure, and active infrastructure.
Modules are self-contained enapsulated units complete with well-defined interfaces that conform to
the plug-and-play passive infrastructure.
The passive infrastructure provides drag-and-drop connectivity between modules. Ist value is in
isolating the encapsulated modules so that unexpected side effects are minimized and new
operational functionality is rapid.
Active infrastructure designates specific responsibilities that sustain agile operational capability.
Encapsulated modules, facilitated interfacing (plug compatibility), and facilitated reuse.

- Peer-peer interaction
- Distributed control and information
- Deferred commitment
- Self-organization
Evolving standards, redundancy and diversity, and elastic capacity.
A: Product
B: Process
D: Organisation
E: Management
Services are activities that cause a transformation of the state of an entity by mutually agreed terms
between the service provider and the customer.
SE methologies are adapted to include a disciplined, systematic, and service-orientated, customer-
centric approach among different stakeholders and resources for near-real-time value cocreation
and service delivery.
B: Systems that focus on flow of things

C: Systems that focus on human activities
E: Systems that focus on governing
Service SE brings a customer focus to promote service excellence and to faciliate service
innovation through the use of emerging technologies to propose creation of new service systems
and value cocreation.
Enterprise SE is an emerging discipline that focuses on frameworks, tools, and problem solving
approaches for dealing with the inherent complexities of the enterprise. Furthermore, enterprises
SE addresses more than jus solvin prolems; it also deals with the exploitation of opportunities for
better ways to achieve the enterprise goals.
The objective of performing VE is to improve the economical value of a project, product, or process
by reviewing its elements to accomplish the following:
- Achieve the essential functions and requirements
- Lower total LCC
- Attain the required performance, safety, reliability, quality, etc.
- Meet schedule objectives
Value is defined as a fari return or the equivalent in goods, services, or money for something
exchanged. Value = function/cost
Phase 0: Preparation/planning
Phase 1: Information gathering
Phase 2: Functional analysis
Phase 3: Creativity
Phase 4: Evaluation
Phase 5: Development
Phase 6: Presentation/implementation
- Thinking strategically and looking at the long-term implications of decisions and actions to set
vision and course
- Seeing the "big picture"
- Casting or capturing the vision for the organization and communicating it
- Defining the journey from the "as is" of today to the "to be" of tomorrow
- Turning ambiguous problem statements into clear, precise solution challenges for the team
- Working with the stakeholders (including customers), representing their points of view to the team
and the team's point of view to them
- Maximizing customer value by ensuring a direct tie of all engineering effort to the customer
business or mission needs
- Estaablishing an environment for harmonious teams while working to leverage the potential
benefits of diversity
- Challenging conventional wisdom at all levels
- Managing conflicts and facilitating heatlhy conflict around ideas and alternatives
- Facilitating decision making
- Demanding and enabling excellence
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Chapter 10 Bitte ergänzen

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Text 1

What is a system element?

What is Systems Engineering?

Name the stages of the life-cycle-model!

What processes are included in the Technical

What processes are included in the Agreement

What processes are included in the Organizational

What is the difference between an Input and a

What are the Activities of the Business or Mission

What are the Activities of the Stakeholder Needs and

What are the Activities of the System analysis

What are the Activities of the Supply process?

What are the Activities of the Tailoring process?

What are the inputs for the Business or Mission

What are the inputs for the Disposal Process?

When applying the INCOSE Handbook to any

The four process groups to support systems

Identify three (3) purposes of the Business or

Which two of the following are considered

What can be defined as an interdisciplinary

For typical system development projects, after which

What does Conway's law suggest?

Why should an organization care about processes?

Every system or product life cycle consists of which

Which three are decision options at each decision

Which three are strengths of plan-driven methods to

Identify three (3) purposes of the Concept Stage.

Which of the following are defined as the "Three

What are two purposes of the Development Stage of

What are three strengths of a plan-driven

What are Measures of Effectiveness Needs (MOE

What is meant by Stakeholder Requirements

What is meant by Elicit Stakeholder Requirements?

What is meant by Defining Stakeholder

What is meant by analyzing and maintaining

Identify two common approaches to the process of

What are typical inputs for capturing source

What are the basic documents that are needed as

What is an SRD? Choose 1.

Which of the following is a common technique for

What are common selection criteria in the

Technical processes enable system engineers to

What topics be documented in the SEMP?

What are definitions regarding IPPD?

What are the objectives of IPPD?

What is an Integrated Product Development Team

What are process improvements resulting from

What are the three types of cross-functional IPDT's?

What are 2 items considered inputs for the project

Which of the following is considered a Technical

Which of the following are Risk categories? (Choose

Why are the Acquisition Process and the Supply

What are Organizational Project-Enabling

What is the principle behind Tailoring?

What is the purposes (2) of the Tailoring Process?

What are 5 activities within the Tailoring Process?

What are the Inputs (2) to the Tailoring Process?

What should be considered when applying a

What are influences on tailoring on the project level?

What are 4 common traps in tailoring (Part 1/2)?

What is Supportability Analysis?

What is Reliability Centered Maintenance Analysis?

What is System Security Engineering?