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Important rules
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1) Simple interest
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Prt
𝐈= , 𝐓= I+P
100
2) Compound interest
T = P(1 + r%)t , I = T - P
Depreciation
t
T = P(1 – r%)
a) 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 = ( 𝒙 + 𝒚 )( 𝒙 − 𝒚 )
c) 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐 = ( 𝒙 + 𝟑 )( 𝒙 + 𝟒 )
d) 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟏𝟒 = ( 𝒙 + 𝟐 )( 𝒙 − 𝟕 )
e) 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙𝒚 + 𝟔𝒚𝟐 = ( 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 )( 𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 )
Expand :
( 𝒙 − 𝟑 )2 − 𝟐( 𝒙 + 𝟑 )2
= 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟗 − 𝟐(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟗)
= 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟗 − 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏𝟖
= −𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟖𝒙 − 𝟗
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Polygons:
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1) Sum of all interior angles = ( n-2) × 180°
(𝐧−𝟐)×𝟏𝟖𝟎°
2) Measure of each interior angle in regular polygon =
𝐧
Circle:
1)
50°
100°
2) 50°
50°
50°
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B
B
M
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A
C
C
D
3)
4)
5)
6)
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7)
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A
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x
D
B
8) B
A
C
D
9) E
A
D B C
1) Similarity : A
𝐀𝒚 𝒙𝒚
a)
𝐀𝒙
= =
𝐀𝐁 𝐀𝐜 𝐁𝐂
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂𝟏 𝑳𝟏 𝟐
b) =( ) = ( 𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨 )𝟐
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂𝟐 𝑳𝟐
y x
𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆𝟏 𝑳𝟏 𝟑
c) = ( ) = ( 𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨 )𝟑
𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆𝟐 𝑳𝟐
𝑽𝟏 𝑨
d) = (𝑨𝟏)𝟑𝟐 C
𝑽𝟐 𝟐 B
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2) Areas :
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𝟏 S
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2 𝟐
Area of square = S = 𝒅
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L
2) Area of rectangle = L × w w
3) Area of Parallelogram a a
= base × height 𝜽 ∝
= 𝒂 𝒃 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 = 𝒂 𝒃 𝒔𝒊𝒏 ∝ b
𝟏 a d2
4) Area of rhombus = × 𝒅𝟏 × 𝒅𝟐
𝟐
∝
= 𝒂𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 = 𝒂𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 ∝ d1
a a
𝜽
𝟏
5) Area of triangle = ×𝑩 ×𝒉
𝟐
𝟏
= 𝒂 𝒃 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 h
𝟐 a
B 𝜽
b
b1
𝒃𝟏 +𝒃𝟐
6) Area of trapezium = ×𝒉
𝟐
h
b1
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A
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𝜽 𝜽
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Length of Arc =
om
7) × 𝟐𝝅𝒓 r
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C
𝜽 𝜽 r
8) Area of Sector = × 𝝅𝒓𝟐 r
𝟑𝟔𝟎
9) Area of Segment
= Area of sector – Area of triangle
segment
𝜽 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
= × 𝝅𝒓 − × 𝒓 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
𝟑𝟔𝟎 𝟐
3) Volumes :
Volume of any prism = area of cross section × height
1) Cube 2) cuboid
h
L
L
𝟑
a) V. of cube = 𝑳 a) V. of cube = L. W. H.
b) L.A = 4 𝑳𝟐 b) L.A = 2 w.h. + 2 h. L.
c) T.A = 6 𝑳𝟐 c) T. A = 2L.w. + 2w.h.+ 2 h.L
d) Sum of edges = 12 L. d) Sum of edges = 4 L. + 4w. + 4h.
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3) ( Trigonometry )
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1) Right angle opp
𝑶𝒑𝒑
a) Sin 𝜽 = 𝜽
𝒉𝒚𝒑 adj
𝒂𝒅𝒋
b) Cos 𝜽 =
𝒉𝒚𝒑
𝑶𝒑𝒑
c) Tan 𝜽 =
𝒂𝒅𝒋
b
2) Non Right angle triangle
1) Sin rule: a
c
𝑪 𝒂 𝒃
= =
𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝑪 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝑨 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝑩 a c
b
2) Cos rule:
Given 2- sides
Given 3-
𝜽 + 1- angle in
sides
a
between
b 𝜽= ??
b
a
𝒄 = ??
c
𝒂𝟐 +𝒃𝟐 − 𝒄𝟐
C = √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟐 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 Cos 𝜽 = 𝟐𝒂𝒃
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4) ( Calculus )
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Differentiation:
a) If y = 𝒂 𝒙𝒏 𝒅𝒚 𝒏−𝟏
𝟑 = 𝒂𝒏𝒙
b) y = 𝟑 𝒙𝟐 + − 𝟑√𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒙
𝟏
𝟐 −𝟏
y=𝟑𝒙 + 𝟑𝒙 −𝟑𝒙 𝟐
𝒅𝒚 𝟑 𝟏
= 𝟔 𝒙 − 𝟑 𝒙−𝟐 − 𝒙 −𝟐
𝒅𝒙 𝟐
𝒅𝒚 𝟑 𝟑
=𝟔𝒙− 𝟐 −
𝒅𝒙 𝒙 𝟐√𝒙
S diff V diff a
𝒅𝒗
a=
𝒅𝒕
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5) ( Transformation )
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1) Reflection
𝒙 = constant
a) Reflect
y = constant
b) Line of reflection y=𝒙
y=-𝒙
2) Translation 𝒚+
a) Translate
𝑥
b) Column vector (𝑦) 𝒙− 𝒙+
𝒚−
3) Enlargement
a) Enlarge
𝑁𝑒𝑤
b) Scale factor (𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛)
4) Rotation
a) Rotate
c) Angle
d) Center
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6) (Statistics)
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𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒐𝒇 𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆
1) Mean =
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𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒔
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2) Mode = most repeated number
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3) Median = middle value (after arrange)
4) Range = largest value – smallest value
200
200
Median = = 100 Median
2 100
Upper quartile
Lower quartile
3 50
= 4 × 200 = 150
0
Lower quartile
1
= 4 × 200 = 50 upper
lower
Median
Quartile
Quartile
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6)Co-ordinate Geometry :
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1) Distance between 2- points = √(𝒙𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 )𝟐 + (𝒚𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 )𝟐
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𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐
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2) Mid-point = ( , )
m
/
𝟐 𝟐
𝜽
𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐
3) Gradient of straight line = m = 𝟏
𝒚𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐
2 3
EX: If L1 ⊥ L2 and m1 = 3 so m2 = − 2
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7)sets :
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A B
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A∩ B
B
A
A∪ B
A\
A B
A B
(𝐀 ∪ 𝐁)\
A ∩ B\
A B
(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁)\
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A B
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Ex:
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5 7 3
1) n (A) = ………
2) n (B) = ………
3) n (𝐀 ∩ 𝐁) = ………
4) n (𝐀 ∪ 𝐁) = ………
5) n (𝐀 ∩ 𝑩\ ) = ………
6) n (𝐁 ∪ 𝑨\ ) = ………
7) n (𝑨\ ) = ………
8) n (𝑩\ ) = ………
9) n (𝐀 ∪ 𝐁)\ = ………
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8) Squance :
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𝑼𝒏 = 𝒂 + ( 𝒏 − 𝟏) 𝒅
𝒂 𝒇𝒊𝒓𝒔𝒕 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎
𝒅 𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒎𝒐𝒏 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆
𝒏 𝑶𝒓𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎
𝒏
𝑺𝒏 = [𝟐𝒂 + (𝒏 − 𝟏)𝒅]
𝟐
𝒏
𝑺𝒏 = [𝒂 + 𝑳]
𝟐
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The Conjugate:
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5 + √7 5 – √7
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Ex: Rationales the denominator 4−
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√5
9 4+ √5 9 (4+ √5)
x = = 4 + √5
4− √ 5 4+ √5 16− 5
Completing Square:
X2 + bx + c
𝑏 2 𝑏
(X+ ) – ( )2 + c
2 2
Y = ( X + 5 )2 – 25 + 18
Y = ( X + 5 )2 – 7
Prove:
Prove using two consecutive numbers n , n + 1
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Graphs
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1) Linear Graph
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Y = 2x + 4 Y = –2x +2
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2) Quadratic Graph
Y = ax2 + bx + c Y = – ax2 +bx + c
3) Cubic Graph
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4) Fractional Graph
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Y= Y=–
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𝑋 𝑋
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5) Exponential Graph
Y = ax Y = a(–x)
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