Introduction: The Nature of Leadership

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After Studying this Chapter you should be
able to:
 Understand the different ways leadership has
been defined.
 Understand the controversy about
differences between leadership and
management.
 Understand why it is so difficult to assess
leadership effectiveness.
Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Leadership in Organizations 1-2
 Understand the indicators used to
assess leadership effectiveness
 Understand what aspects of leadership have
been studied the most during the past 50
years.
 Understand the organization of this book.
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 Understand the different ways
leadership has been defined

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  “Always, it seems, the concept of leadership
eludes us or turns up in another form to taunt
us again with its slipperiness and complexity.
So we have invented an endless proliferation
of terms to deal with it…and still the concept is
not sufficiently defined.”

 Bennis (1959)

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  Specialized role or shared influence process
 Type of influence process
 Purpose of influence attempts
 Influence based on reason or emotions
 Direct versus indirect leadership
 Leadership versus management

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 “Leadership is the process of
influencing others to understand and
agree about what needs to be done
and how to do it, and the process of
facilitating individual and collective
efforts to accomplish shared
objectives.”

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 Understand the controversy about
differences between leadership
and management

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 Leaders and managers as qualitatively different
and mutually exclusive types of people
 Leading and managing as different roles or
processes
 Leading as an influence relationship
and managing as an authority
relationship
 Integrative approach
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1-9
 Understand why it is so difficult
to assess leadership effectiveness

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  Many different indicators
 Immediate and delayed outcomes
 Stakeholders with different preferences
 Different conceptions of leadership
 Development of a composite measure

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 Understand the different
indicators used to assess
leadership effectiveness

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  High group performance
 Follower satisfaction
 Improved group processes
 Career success of leader

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 Understand what aspects of
leadership have been studied the
most over the last 50 years

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  Type of variable emphasized
 Type of leader characteristic
 Level of Conceptualization

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  Characteristics of the Leader

 Characteristics of the Follower

 Characteristics of the Situation

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  Trait Approach

 Behavior Approach

 Power-Influence Approach

 Situational Approach

 Integrative Approach

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  Intra-individual process
 Dyadic process
 Group process
 Organizational process
 Multi-level theories

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  Leader-centered versus follower-
centered
 Universal versus contingency
 Descriptive versus prescriptive

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 Understand the organization of
this book

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  Behavior Approach
 Trait Approach
 Situational Approach
 Power and Influence Approach

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  Dyadic level
 Group level
 Organizational level
 Multiple levels
 Summary of Major Findings

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