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Process Model in Phast
• Phast 6.7
• Vessel/Pipe Source Model
• Two component mixture
- Two hydrocarbons
- 5% Component A
- 95% Component B
• Phast :Pressurized gas
• Process: Two Phase mixture
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Mixture Thermodynamics
Temperature
- Mixture is within phase envelope
Dew Line
Bubble Line
Mixture
• Problem?
- How to work with the two % Component 1
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Two Different Thermodynamic
Models
• Mixture created in Phast for two hydrocarbons
- DIPPR Database
- Equation of State = Soave Redlich Kwong
- Pseudo-component approach to modeling a mixture
• Mixture assumed not to change during different stages of
the modeling
- Properties Calculated using simple averaging equations.
- Used in model same way as properties for a pure
component.
- Equilibrium is one temperature/pressure point
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Two Different Thermodynamic
Models
• Internal AP Thermodynamic model
- Proprietary thermodynamic model based on data and
experience working with specific materials.
- Equilibrium is a phase envelope
• Models a two-phase region
- H&MB based on AP Thermo
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First Option:
Run Phast at Equilibrium
• Changed Process Conditions so that they no longer reflected the
actual process and are not in sync with AP Thermo models.
Phase Envelope
Temperature
Dew Line
Bubble Line
PHAST
Equilibrium
% Component 1
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First Option:
Run Phast at Equilibrium
• Phast Thermo different from AP Thermo data for both setting
pressure and setting temperature.
Phase Envelope
Temperature
Dew Line
Bubble Line
PHAST
Equilibrium
% Component 1
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Second Option:
Use Pure Component in Phast
• Run Vessel Pipe Source Model using a Pure Component B
- Predominant Component in Mixture (~95%)
- Heavier hydrocarbon. Results Conservative.
• Advantage: High Level of Confidence in Pure Component
Thermodynamics.
• Disadvantage: Resulted in unrealistic increase in project
risk.
• Equilibrium different for mixture versus pure component.
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Comparison of Mixture vs Pure
Component
• Flash Fire Envelope for Mixture compared to Pure Component.
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Third Option:
Use both Phast and AP Thermo
• Flash that occurs with initial release modeled using internal
spreadsheet
- AP Thermo used for thermodynamics
- Actual mixture of hydrocarbons used for flash
• Modeled in Phast using User Defined Source Model
- Input to the model comes from the internal spreadsheet
- Phast is used to model dispersion, pool formation, rainout,
etc.
- Modeled as 100% Component B
• Only use pure component in Phast
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User Defined Source Model Input
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Third Option:
Use both Phast and AP Thermo
Identify
Thermodynamic
Complexity in PHAST
PHAST Models:
dispersion, pool
formation, rainout, etc.
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Verifying Option to use both Phast
and AP Thermo
• Method verified by ‘Case 0’
- Pure Component B case modeled using both methods
• Vessel Pipe Source model with Pure Component B
• Internal spreadsheet and User Defined Source Model in
Phast with Pure Component B
- Similar results Case 0 VPS Case 0 UDS Case 0
Phast Model Vessel/Pipe User Defined
Source Model Source Model
Material Pure Comp B Pure Comp B
Thermo DIPPR AP Thermo
Flash Part of Phast AP
Model Spreadsheet
14 Air Products Internal Use Only Calculation
Case 0 Verification
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Fourth Option:
Phast Multi-Component Add In
• Multi-Component Modeling
- Multi-Component Add In
- Multi-Component Vessel Mode
• Multi-Component approach to modeling
- Modeling of the two-phase region
- Changes in composition over the course of the release
• Limitations
- Cannot model liquid rainout, pool formation and
evaporation
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- Time-varying discharge calculations are not available
Challenges
• Identifying Problem
- Following work instruction would have resulted in using
Vessel Pipe Source Model with mixture modeled as a
Pressurized Gas
• Using and Comparing Multiple Models
- Phast versus AP Thermodynamic Models
- Real process data will not be available until project is
completed.
• Time Consuming Work around
- Method to use both Phast and AP Thermo models was
time consuming and required managing several
17 documents.
Path Forward for Future Models with
Two Phase Mixtures
• Pick option that best fits the situation
- Run Phast at Equilibrium
- Use Pure Component in Phast
- Use both Phast and Specific
Thermodynamic Model
- Phast Multi-Component Add In
• Other options
- Adjust Phast mixture properties
• Try a different equations of state
• Suggestions?
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Questions?
• Contact information
- Julie D. Kister, PE
- kisterjd@airproducts.com
- 610-481-2022
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Thank you
tell me more
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Additional Slides
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Flash Fire Radius for Option
3 – UDS and AP Thermo
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