TSEC EXPLORATIONS PRODUCTION CHAD INC. ECS 4-1-3 DESIGN LOADS FOR ‘STRUCTURES Page 1 of 14 SPECIFICATION Rev. 2 Aug. 1997. Changes shown by => Prepared By Reviewed By Appraved By Rev. Date iscipine Enainesring Project No. Engineer Manager Engineer /Aanager T Toes T Reed Wares Faget 2) [assert 47 EHWes PRieLz Hid TinosESEO EXPLORATION PRODUCTION CHAD INC. ECs 41-3 DESIGN LOADS FOR STRUCTURES Page 2 of 14 SPECIFICATION Rev.2 | Aug, 1997 ‘Changes shown by => TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 SCOPE.. 2.0 SUMMARY OF ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS... 3.0 DESIGN LOADS. 7 Hasea 4,0 LOAD COMBINATIONS... LIST OF TABLES TABLE TABLE TABLE 4. fees Revision Memo 12/1905 Revision 1, Original issue 8/1997 Revision 2 Complete revision based on CCS 4-1-3 Revision 0. Rseoananceanurnt eeESSO EXPLORATIONS PRODUCTION CHAD INC. ECS 4-1-3 DESIGN LOADS FOR STRUCTURES Page 3 of 14 SPECIFICATION Rev. Aug. 1997. ‘Changes shown by > 1.0 SCOPE 1.1. This Specification covers design loads for structures. 1.2 A pound sign (#) indicates that ESSO review/approval is required before design is finalized or equipment is purchased. ial information is provided by ESSO in an 1.3. An asterisk (*) indicates that addi addendum to this specification. 20 SUMMARY OF ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS 2.1 Table 1 lists the specifications, codes, and standards which shall be used with this specification. TABLE 1 ‘CODES AND STANDARDS ‘AASHTO ‘Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges act 316/a18R Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete Asc 3335 Specification for Structural Steel Bullings: Allowable Stress Design and Plastic Design with Commentary apt 50 ‘Welced Stool Tanks for Ol Storage ASCE 7 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures IcB0 UBC Uniform Building Code osHa 29CFR PART 1910 29 CER PART 1926 2.2 Applicable local building codes and regulations shall govern if they yeild more conservative results than those in Table 1EBSD EXPLORATIONS PRODUCTION CHAD INC. ECS 4-1-3, DESIGN LOADS FOR ‘STRUCTURES Page 4 of 14 SPECIFICATION, Rev.2 Aug. 1997 3.0 ‘Changes shown by => DESIGN LOADS Loads below. 34 32 33 34 and forces used for design shall be as defined in ASCE 7, and as specified D (Dead Loads) These are the vertical loads due to the total weight (mass) of permanent structural and nonstructural components of a building or structure, including empty vessels, equipment, built-in partitions, fireproofing, insulation, piping and ducting, electrical conduits, and permanent fixtures. © (Operating Loads) These are the dead loads plus the weight of any liquids or fluidized solids present within the vessels, equipment, or piping during normal operation. Also consider unusual loading such as that occurring during regeneration or upset conditions when fluid levels could be higher than normal operating levels. Fluid loads during operation shall have the same load factor as live load when establishing load factors for ultimate strength design. Te (Test Loads) ‘These are the dead loads plus the weight of liquids necessary to pressure test vessels, equipment or piping. Test load shall have the same load factor as dead load when establishing load factors for ultimate strength design, L (Live Loads) a. These are the loads produced by the use and occupancy of the building or structure. They include the weight of all movable loads, including personnel, portable machinery, tools, miscellaneous equipment, movable pattitions, cranes, hoists, parts of dismantled equipment, and stored material such as catalyst and chemicals normally stored during operation, b. _Live loads and reduction of live loads shall be according to ASCE 7 and OSHA unless otherwise specified in Table 4 c.__ Minimum Lr (roof live loads) shall conform to ASCE 7. osehonenenaranene scocgeESO EXPLORATIONS PRODUCTION CHAD ING. SPECIFICATION ECs 44-3 DESIGN LOADS FOR STRUCTURES Page 5 of 14 Rev.2 Aug. 1997 4. ‘Changes shown by = Non-fluidized solid material, catalyst and other material in the piping and equipment during operation shall be considered live loads when applicable, 3.5 Ve (Vehicular Loads) Bridges, trenches, and underground installations accessible to truck loading shall be designed to withstand HS20 load as defined by AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges with provisions made for other construction loads. Maintenance or construction crane or bridge crane loads shall be considered also, where applicable. Truck or crane load shall have the same load factor as live loads and modified for impact in accordance with AASHTO. 3.6 W(Wind Loads) 4 Every building, structure, component, and cladding shall be designed to resist wind effects according to ASCE 7 and as modified herein Wind foad shall be separately computed for all supported equipment. ladders, and stairs except for vessels whose wind increase factors have already accounted for these items. No reduction shall be made for the sheilding effect of vessels or structures adjacent to the structure being designed. The overtuming moment due to wind shall not exceed 2/3 of the resisting moment of the structure during its lightest possible condition after plant construction is complete. Flexible wind-sensitive structures, including vessels, are defined as having either one or both of the following conditions: @ Height exceeds 5 times the least horzontal dimension », Fundamental frequency less than 1 Hertz Wind forces on fiexible wind-sensitive structures shall be determined according to ASCE 7. Gust response factors for flexible wind sensitive structures shall be determined by a rational analysis procedure that incorporates the dynamic properties of the main wind force resisting system. One such procedure is described in the commentary of ASCE 7.ESSO EXPLORATIONS PRODUCTION CHAD INC. ECS 4-1-3 DESIGN LOADS FOR STRUCTURES Page 6 of 14 SPECIFICATION Rev Aug, 1997 ‘Changes shown by => 9. Consider induced dynamic loads such as vortex shedding on cylindrical shapes extending over 100 feet above grade or having a height-to- diameter ratio in excess of 15. The design force F on structures or design pressure p on buildings shall be determined with appropriate equations given in ASCE 7. Wind foads on vertical and horizontal vessels shall account for manholes, nozzles, piping, ladders and platforms. Also, insulation thickness, if any, shall be added to vessel diameter for determining the projected area. 3.7 E (Earthquake Loads) a. Earthquake loads are defined as the static horizontal and vertical forces equivalent in their design effect to the dynamic loads induced by ground motion during an earthquake. All buildings, structures, and components shali be designed for earthquake forces according to Uniform Building Code (UBC) Seismic design for circular storage tanks at grade shall be according to API Standard 650, Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage. The effect of slosh height on freeboard and tank roof shall be considered. Every structure, building, and foundation shall be designed to resist the effects of overturning moments caused by earthquake forces as specified in UBC. The overtuing moment due to seismic shall not exceed 2/3 of the resisting moment. Tall structures and structures having stiffness, weight, and geometric irregularities as defined in UBC shall be analyzed using dynamic lateral force procedures of the UBC, including appropriate scaling of the results. Seismic dead load is the total dead or operating load, whichever is greater, and applicable portion of other loads as defined in UBC. Seismic design for bridges shall conform to AASHTO “Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges”, Division 1A.ESO EXPLORATIONS PRODUCTION CHAD INC. STRUCTURES Page 7 of 14 SPECIFICATION Rev. 2 Aug. 1997 ECs 41-3 DESIGN LOADS FOR 38 39 3.10 ‘Changes shown by > | (impact Loads) a. For structures carrying live loads which induce impact, the live load shall be increased sufficiently to provide for same. If not otherwise specified, the increase shall be no less than the percentages presented in Table 5. b. The crane runway shall also be designed for crane stop forces, Vertical, transverse, and longitudinal impact are normally not considered to act concurrently. ‘Load factors shall be the same as for live load. \V (Vibration Loads) @. Vibration loads are defined as those forces that are caused by vibrating machinery such as pumps, blowers, fans, and compressors. Included with this definition are surge forces similar to those acting in fluid cokers, hydroformers, and hydrocrackers. Load factors for surge forces shall be the same as for live loads. Vibration Loads shall be considered where applicables in all load combinations with live loads b. For steel structures subjected to surge vibration, members and connections shall be checked for loading combinations exclusive of wind per the fatigue provisions of AISC specification for the stress vibrations exceeding 2,000,000 cycles. c. ‘Supports and foundations for vibrating equipment shall be designed to limit vibrations to levels which are acceptable for equipment operation and human tolerance. Er (Erection Loads) Erection loads are temporary forces caused by erection of structures or equipment. Erection loads shall have the same load factor as live loads when establishing load factors for ultimate strength design. B (Bundle Pull Load) Structures and foundations supporting equipment subject to bundle pulling shall be designed for a longitudinal force applied at the centroid of the tube bundle. This force shall be equal to 100% of the bundle weight (mass), or 907 Kg (2000 Ib), whichever is greater. Load factors shall be the same as for live loads. Reenstozeanesrhenses 2¢ec9hESSO EXPLORATION © PRODUCTION CHAD INC. ‘SPECIFICATION ECS 41-3 DESIGN LOADS FOR STRUCTURES Page 8 of 14 Rev.2 ‘Aug, 1997 Changes shown by = Bundle Pull Loads shall be considered, where appiicable, in all combinations with live loads. 3.12. Self-Straining and T (Thermal Forces) d Provisions shall be made for self-straining forces arising from assumed differential settlements of foundations and from restrained dimensional changes due to temperature changes, moisture expansion, shrinkage, creep, and similar effects. Load factors shall be the same as for dead loads when establishing load factors for ukimate strength design. ‘Thermal load shall be defined as those forces caused by a change in temperature. Thermal load results from both operating and environmental conditions. Such forces shall include those caused by vessel or piping expansion or contraction, and expansion or contraction of structures. Thermal loads and displacements caused by operating conditions shall be based on the design temperature of the item of equipment rather than the operating temperature. Ambient temperature ranges will be defined by ESSO 3.13 R (Rain Loads) Refer to UBC for the effect of ponding due to rain loads on buildings and enclosed structures. Load factors shall be the same as for live load. Rain Loads, loads. where applicable, shall be considered in all load combinations with live 3.14 F (Friction Leads) Friction Loads, where applicable, shall be considered in all load combinations with tive fe loads. The following friction coefficients shall be used for determining restraint (force) due to temperature change or lateral force on sliding surfaces: Rioenetozenosimursrit 306%ESSO EXPLORATIONS PRODUCTION CHAD INC. ‘STRUCTURES Page 9 of 14 SPECIFICATION, Rev.2 Aug. 1997 ECS 4-1-3 DESIGN LOADS FOR 4.0 Changes shown by => ‘Sieal to Steak Steol to Concrete “Teflon to Teflon ‘Graphite to Graphite 3.45 S (Surge Loads) Laterial loads caused by the surging action of fluidized solids. They are considered live loads when establishing road factors for ultimate strength design. 3.16 M (Maintenance Loads) Loads due to material which is temporarily stored during maintenance, such as exchanger parts, pipe, fittings and valves. Load factors for Maintenance loads shall be the same as for live loads when establishing load factors for ultimate strength design. 3.17 Other Loads Additional loads such as ice on pipes and cables, blast loads, and hydrostatic and earth pressures shall be considered when applicable. LOAD COMBINATIONS 4.1 Every building, structure, and component shall be provided with strength and stability adequate to resist the most critical effect resulting from at least the following combination of loads: D D+L+(LrorR)+T D+ (Wore) +T D+L + (LrorR) + (WorE) L+Te +33% W D+ Ve+33%W+M ° O+L O+L+WOrE) -se>en050ESSO EXPLORATIONS PRODUCTION CHAD INC. ‘STRUCTURES Page 10 of 14 SPECIFICATION Rev.2 Aug, 1997 ECs 4-1-3 DESIGN LOADS FOR #42 43 44 45 48 47 ‘Changes shown by => E+E E, + 80% W O+T O+L+T o+s pack For process equipment, the operating load is considered as dead load in the above load combinations. Other load combinations given in ASCE, AASHTO or ACI 318 shall be considered when applicable and when approved by the ESSO. If there is more than 1 vessel to be tested in a structure, the vessels may be tested concurrently or nonconcurrently. Structural design shall be based upon the worst case. Wind and earthquake forces shall not be assumed to act concurrently Stress increases Allowable stresses and soil bearing values (if allowed by the soils consultant) for working stress design may be increased 1/3 when considering wind, earthquake, or bundle pull forces. When considering test load with partial wind, the allowable stresses may be increased by 20 percent. The basic allowable stresses for abnormal operation (load combinations which include thermal forces, Impact, surge loads, start up or upset loads) may be increased by 50% but not above the yield point of the material, The basic allowable stress for ioad combinations including operation, surge loads and wind loads may be increased by 50% but not above the yield point of the material, Load and Resistance Factors For strength design, load factors given in ACI318 and ASCE 7 shall be used; however, load factors for test with partial wind shall be based on dead load factors. ‘All load factors may be multiplied by 0.83 for load combinations which include test loads without wind or seismic loads. All load factors for abnormal ‘operation may be multiplied by 0.67 but the net load factors shall not be reduced below 1.0. Deflection Camber and Drift Criteria ‘The requirements for deflection limitations shell conform to UBC.OTT TTTT PrREBUETION CHAD MC. ECs 4-1-3 DESIGN LOADS FOR STRUCTURES Page 11 of 4 SPECIFICATION Rev. 2 ug, 1997 Changes shown by => b. Camber requirements to ensure proper roof drainage and to control deflection of large span trusses and girders shall conform to UBC and AISC Specification. ¢ _Inter-story drift imitations shall conform to UBC. d. Maximum deflection of grating and floor plate shall not exceed 1/4 of an inch. 48 — Davits (exclusive of manhole davits) shall be designed for the weight (mass) of the heaviest piece of equipment that they may be required to lift, plus the weight of rigging equipment, plus the impact load, but not less than @ total load of 454 kg (1000 tb.). Design shall be based on use of a single sheave pulley block. All davits shall be legibly marked with the safe working load (SWL). Ritesorauncateneseh3ecc3h‘SSO EPLORATIONS PRODUCTION CHAD INC. ECS 41-3 DESIGN LOADS FOR STRUCTURES Page 12 of 14 SPECIFICATION Rev.2 | Aug, 1997 Changes shown by => ‘Decupaney OF Use Uniform Load Concentrated Load TT] kim? (Ube / FE) KN (Lbs) Tease Wiser syeiom (computer use) 4.8 100)(8] 3 (2.000) By Access floor system (office use) 2.4 (50) 8.8 (2,000) [2] Concentrated load on floor eiabs 8.9 (2.000) 2] Control rooms FO aED) 8.8 2.000)2] Corners 48 (109), 8:5 2,000) f2) | Electrical switchgear room 7.2.(150), 8.9 (2,000) [2] Elevator machine oom grating 4.8(100) 43500) f3] ‘Handrails and guard rails 7092.4 (20 or 80) fa] .5(200) [5] Laboratories 4:8 (100) Lobes 4.8(100) Lunenroame 4.8 (100), Mezzanines 4.8(100)_ ‘Offices 2.8 50) BRM ‘Operating plaorms and areas. Paming 3.8 (75) ‘Operating platforms and areas - flooring 48 (100), Parttions and ineror walls 2 ( psf aera Personnel accersplalorms and walvays 2 (60 Rallioad support structures Coppers ES Restrooms 2.4 (50 Roofs ASCE? Sidewals 72.0 (350), EETENU ‘Siairs and ramps 4.8{100) 4-4 (7,000 ‘Slorege warehouses Reavy) 72.0 250) Forte uck (7 ‘Storage warehouses (ight) 7.2180) Fork if tuck ‘Surchorge outside and sgjecentTo 72.0 (250) 56 6,000) 16} structures “rusk cupsen srucures BASHTO HSDOAE Ladder Zam (ooo) notes [1] Not combined with uniform ive foad os {2} Load is applied over an area 760 mm (2.5 f.) by 760 mm (25 f) square [0.58m* (6.25 %)} [3] Load is applied on 100 mm (4.nch) square area, i4) load per linea! foot te be applios horcontaly at right angle to the top rail Use 0.73KN/m (50 pt) for ‘ext faites sorving an occupant loze greater than 60 and 0.29 KI/m (20 lt) elsewhere {5] Applies in any ditecion at top of rang, not combined with uniform load [6] Ralroad surcharge, where appleable, shell be considered according to AREA (American Railroad Engineering Association) 7] Wheel spacing, type, pressure, and footprint are require trom the manufacturer. [8] Useweight of equipment or stores material when greaterESSO EXPLORATIONS PRODUCTION CHAD INC. ECs 4-1-3 DESIGN LOADS FOR STRUCTURES, Page 13 of 14 SPECIFICATION Rev. 2 Aug. 1997_| Changes shown by => TABLE 4 Impact Loads Category Vertical impact Tateral impact {Percent} (Percent) 1 For supports of Slevators and dumbwaters (dead 700 and lve load %___ For cab operated traveling Grane Suppor girders 3 ay and their connestions (3), 402) 3 For pendant operated traveling cane support 70 10 (1) girders and their connections (3) 52) Z__Monorais, roliey bears 2 19 2 For supports of light machinery, shaf, or motor 20 7 driven E__Bavits (except manhote Davi zs 7. For hangers supporting floors and balconies 33 8 For supports of reciprocating machinery per power 50 = driven units. (1) Sum of weights of rated capacity of hoist and of the erane trolley, cab and hooks, applied one-half at top ot ‘each rail acting in ether direction, normal to runway rails, (2) Longitudinal tractive force shall, if not otherwise specified, be taken as 10 percent of maximum wheel loads of crane, applied at top of ail Crane runways shall also be designed for crane stop forces, This is the force resulting trom the crane'shiting the stop at 40 percent of rated loaded bridge speed according to ANSI 830,20. (8) Liveload cn crane support girders shall be taken as the maximum whee! loads.ESSO EXPLORATION PRODUCTION CHAD NC. ECS 41-3 DESIGN LOADS FOR STRUCTURES Page 14 of 14 _SPECIFICATION Rev. 2 Aug. 1997. ‘Changes shown by => (CHAD DOBA DEVELOPMENT PROJECT ADDENDUM "3.12 d. Will de defined during detailed design. ioenteezeneadrunesnit4ocsh