ERO PLOMTONE PRODUCTION CHAD INC, ECS 4-6-2 SUPPORTING STRUCTURES AND FOUNDATIONS FOR HEAVY Page 1 of 10 MACHINERY SPECIFICATION Rev. 2 Aug. 1997 Changes shown by => Freanaoy Revered TaproreaBy Rev. ows scine egies Projet i Engnecr ‘tage Engine Manage 7 TOR Reed wees Fa 2 [2aseP 9 FAW PRthLen| , %-SSO EXPLORATIONS PRODUCTION CHAD ING. ECS 46-2 SUPPORTING STRUCTURES AND FOUNDATIONS FOR HEAVY Page 2 of 10 Esso) MACHINERY SPECIFICATION Rev. 2 Aug. 1997, Changes shown by => ‘TABLE OF CONTENTS DEFINITIONS .s.sssoe SUMMARY OF ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS. DESIGN... RECIPROCATING MACHINERY. ROTATING MACHINERY. TESTING.. LIST OF TABLES Revision Memo 10/1995 Revision 1, Original Issue 811997 Revision 2 Par 3.2 ECS's wore added to Table 1. 1 was added to refer to ECS 4-1-1 for strength Par §.5 (f) requires analysis to include embedment effects. Par 6.4 was modified to include 6.5 (f.) Par 7.6 (new) was added to refer to ECS 4-1-1 for testing. Ribenttezeamntnasett 6.2602ESSOEWLORATIONS PRODUCTION CHADING. ECS 4.6.2 SUPPORTING STRUCTURES AND FOUNDATIONS FOR HEAVY Page 3 of 10 Esso) MACHINERY sPECIFICATION Rev. Aug. 1997 141 12 13 24 34 32 444 Changes shown by > SCOPE This specification covers the design and testing of supporting structures and foundations for heavy machinery. ‘An asterisk (*) indicates that additional information is provided by ESSO in an addendum to this specification. ‘A pound sign (#) indicates that ESSO review/approval is required before design is finalized or equipment is purchased. DEFINITIONS Heavy machinery - any equipment having reciprocating or rotary masses as the major moving parts (such as compressors, pumps, engines and turbines) and having a total ‘weight greater than 2,270 kg (5,000 pounds). SUMMARY OF ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS ‘The standard listed in Table 1 forms a part of this specification, ‘The equipment and materials used shall conform to the latest editions, revisions and addenda of the codes, standards and regulations listed in Table 1 TABLE 1 ECS Specifications ECS 41-1 Concrete Selection and Design Criteria ECS 46-1 Reinforced Concrete Foundations and Anchor Botts ECS 4-10-1_Concrete Design and Construction ACI Standard 207 Mass Concrete | DESIGN All Heavy Machinery The dynamic modulus of elasticity of concrete (E') for use in dynamic analyses shall be: E' = 6,550 \fc, where fc = 28 day standard cylinder compressive strength (MPa) E' = 79,000 vFc, where fis in psiESS EXPLORATION PRODUCTION CHAD INC. ECS 4-6-2 SUPPORTING STRUCTURES AND FOUNDATIONS FOR HEAVY Page 4 of 10 Esso) MACHINERY SPECIFICATION Rev.2__| Aug, 1997 Changes shown by => 4.1.2. Soil bearing pressure shall not exceed 50 percent of the net allowable values for static loads. For piled foundations, no reduction in allowable pile capacity is required. 4.1.3 The effects of shrinkage and thermal expansion shall be taken into account. To prevent cracking the minimum amount of reinforcing steel in concrete shall be 50 kg/m” (84 {b/cu. yd.), except for foundation slabs, which shail have at least 30 ka/m° (60 Ib/cu. yd). Reinforcing steel shall be placed on all faces of the foundation base slab and/or block. An intermediate layer of two-way reinforcement is required when the thickness ‘exceeds 1.5 m (5 ft). Spacing between horizontal layers shall not exceed 1 m (3 ft.) The interior of blocks with the least horizontal dimension more than 1.5 m (6 ft) shall be reinforced with vertical bars spaced no more than 1 m (3 ft.) between bars. 4.1.4 To prevent fatigue failures, all sections shall be proportioned to resist the sum of static, dead and live loads plus three (3) times dynamic loads. For reciprocating machine foundations, dynamic loads shall include individual piston forces. 4.4.5. Foundation design shall consist of clean simple lines. Beams, columns and slabs shall be of uniform rectangular shapes. Pockets where vapours could accumulate are not permitted. Provision shall be made to drain oil and rainwater from under the ‘equipment. Sufficient space shall be provided for installation, maintenance, and ‘operation, as well as piping and anchor bolts. 4.1.6 All parts of machine supports shall be isolated from adjacent foundations and buildings to prevent vibration direct transmission. a. Auxiliary structures such as access platforms and cranes shall be supported independently of the machine supports and foundations. b. The machine foundation shail be spaced a minimum of 12 mm (1/2 in.) from adjacent foundations and floor slabs. The space between the two shall be filled with a flexible joint filler and sealer. 4.1.7. The thickness of the foundation slab, in metres (feet), shall not be less than: T= 0.6 + L/30 (SI Units) T = 2 + L/30 (Imperial units) where: T = foundation slab thickness For one machinery train: L = longest dimension of the foundation slab, m (ft) For two or more machinery trains supported off a common foundation: L= greater of:ESS EXPLORATION PRODUCTION CHAD ING. ECs 46.2 SUPPORTING STRUCTURES AND & FOUNDATIONS FOR HEAVY Page 5 of 10 Esso) MACHINERY SPECIFICATION Rev. 2 Aug. 1997 Changes shown by = + the width of the common siab, or, ‘© the length of the longest slab segment assigned to any one train, m (ft) 4.1.8 The height of support above grade shall be the minimum required to accommodate suction and discharge piping configuration and shall be at least 300 mm (12 in.) above finished grade. 4.1.9. Soll properties shall be based on the results of a soils investigation, 4.1.10 The foundation system shall be designed considering a range of soil shear modulus values from 0.5 to 1.5 times the nominal value. If the nominal soil shear modulus is determined by a direct soil testing method acceptable to ESSO, such as a cross-hole field measurement or resonant column test, the range may be reduced to 0.75 to 1.25 times the nominal value. 4.1.11 The design compressive strength of concrete shall be in accordance with ECS 4-1-1. RECIPROCATING MACHINERY 5.1 To prevent thermally-induced cracking during hydration, concrete construction shall be per ACI 207 Mass Concrete provisions. 5.2 Reciprocating machinery and associated pulsation suppression devices shall be supported directly on a rigid foundation. The support foundation for the pulsation ‘suppression devices shall be integral with the compressor foundation. Mounting plates shall be anchored into the foundation. Foundation design shall minimize re-entrant type ‘comers and other details causing stress concentrations. 5.3 Rigid machinery foundations shall be designed as follows: a, The horizontal eccentricity, in any direction, between the centroid of mass of the machine-foundation system and the centroid of the base contact area, shall not ‘exceed 5% of the respective base dimension. b. The centre of gravity of the machine-foundation system shall be as close as possible to the lines of action of the unbalanced forces. Groups of reciprocating machinery shall be tied together with a common foundation slab when the combined foundation results in reduced amplitudes. 5.4 Static design shall take into account the following: ieneatencednhemsi 8.2408ESEO EXPLORATION. PRODUCTION CHAD INC. ECS 4-6-2 FOUNDATIONS FOR HEAVY Page 6 of 10 MACHINERY SPECIFICATION Rev.2 | Aug, 1997 ‘SUPPORTING STRUCTURES AND a. b. c Changes shown by => Weight of all machines on the foundation. Unbalanced forces and couples, as specified by the machine manufacturer. Individual piston forces 5.5 Dynamic design shall be as follows: a For balanced, opposed reciprocating compressors, a lateral force equal to 25 percent of the piston rod load shall be applied to the foundation between the ‘crankcase and cross-head housing support. Primary forces, couples and moments shall be applied at machine speed, over the full range of specified operating speeds, for calculation of primary amplitudes. Secondary forces, couples and moments shall be applied at twice machine speed, over the full range of specified operating speeds, for calculation of secondary amplitudes, Total amplitudes shall be calculated by combining, in phase, primary and secondary amplitudes per subparas. b. and c. above. The total peak-to-peak ‘amplitude on the foundation shall not exceed 0.05 mm (0.002 in.) Damping shall be considered in amplitude calculations if ratios of natural frequencies to disturbing frequencies in the range of 0.7 to 1.3 cannot be avoided in the modes being excited. Geometric damping, when used, shall be calculated consistent with the principles of the "Elastic Half-Space Model” theory. The geometric damping ratio shall not exceed 2/3 of the theoretical value or 0.7 for all modes. Foundations embedded in cohesioniess soils shall be analyzed by taking into account embedment effects. Foundations embedded in cohesive soils shall be analyzed and shown acceptable for the two extreme conditions of: 1, Full embedment contact. 2. No. embedment benefit. ROTATING MACHINERY 6.1 Rotating machinery shall be supported either directly on a rigid (block type) foundation, or on an elevated structure.ESSO EXPLORATION PRODUCTION CHAD ING. ECS 4-6-2 ‘SUPPORTING STRUCTURES AND FOUNDATIONS FOR HEAVY Page 7 of 10 MACHINERY SPECIFICATION Rev. 2 Aug. 1997, Changes shown by => 6.2 Static design for either type foundation shall take into account the following loads: a. b. ‘The dead weight of the machines and their baseplates. Vertical forces representing 50% of the weight of each machine, including its baseplate, applied normal to its shaft at a point midway between the end bearings. Lateral forces representing 25% of the weight of each machine, including its baseplate, applied normal to its shaft at a point midway between the end bearings. Longitudinal forces representing 25% of the weight of each machine, including its baseplate, applied along the shaft axis. The total vertical, lateral and longitudinal forces per subparas. b., ¢. and d above need not be considered to act concurrently. 6.3 Dynamic design for either type foundation shall be as follows: Amplitudes shall be determined using dynamic forces from each rotor, calculated as follows: Dynamic force = (rotor weight) X (rotor speed, rprn) 6000 ‘When there is more than one rotor, amplitudes shall be computed with the rotor forces assumed in-phase and 180° out-of-phase to obtain, respectively, the maximum translational and torsional amplitudes. The total peak-to-peak amplitude on the machine or any part of the structure and/or foundation system accessible to personnel, shall not exceed the values in Table 2. TABLE 2 Maximum Allowable Speed of Rotor, Peak-to-Peak rpm Amplitude, mm (in.) 0-988 0.035 (0.0074) 1000 - 1169 0.033 (0.0013) 1470 - 1269 0.030 (0.0072) 4270 - 1389 0.028 (0.0014ESSO EXPLORATIONS PRODUCTION CHAD ING. ECS 4-6-2 SUPPORTING STRUCTURES AND FOUNDATIONS FOR HEAVY Page 6 of 10 MACHINERY SPECIFICATION Rev.2 Aug, 1997 Changes shown by => 1390 - 1525 0.025, (0.0010) | 1526 - 1699 0,023 (0.0009) | 1700 - 1899 0.020 (0.0008) 1900-2179 0.018 (0.0007) 2180 - 2499 0.015 (0.0006) 2500 and above 0.013 (0.0005) 6.4 Rigid foundations for rotating machinery shall be designed per paras. 5.3 a. and b. and par. 5.5 e and? 6.5 Elevated structures for rotating machinery shall be designed as follows: b. Machine loads shall be directly over vertical supports. Beams and slabs shall have the shortest possible spans, ‘The upper table and the foundation slab shall be rigid in the horizontal plane. ‘The weight of the upper table plus 1/2 of the weight of the columns shall be greater than the weight of the machine(s). The foundation slab shall not weigh fess than the combined supported weight of the upper table, columns or walls, and the machines (including baseplates) The effects of short circuit couples, faulty synchronizing conditions, oll whirl frequency, rotor critical speeds, and background vibration shall be considered, Transverse frames or walls shall have the same vertical natural frequencies, within +5%. Torsional and transverse horizontal natural frequencies shall be determined considering the whole structure. Individual transverse bents or walls shall have the same transverse horizontal natural frequencies, within 5%. Multi-degrees of freedom shall be considered for frames if a single degree of freedom system will not lead to an acceptable mathematical representation of the structure. A multi-degree of freedom analysis shall be used for foundations with walls. Loaded beam and slab natural frequencies in both the horizontal and vertical directions, where possible, shall be above any machine speed. If beams or slabs must be designed to have natural frequencies below machine speed, allowance must be made for the stiffening effect of the baseplates and theE550 EXPLORATION £ PRODUCTION CHAD INC. ECS 4.6.2 SUPPORTING STRUCTURES AND FOUNDATIONS FOR HEAVY Page 9 of 10 sso) MACHINERY SPECIFICATION Rev.2 | Aug, 1997 Changes shown by => machine. k. For analyses based on one or two degree of freedom models, all natural frequencies shall be out of the range of 0.7 to 1.3 times each operating speed of any machine supported thereon. 1 For multi-degrees of freedom analyses, frequencies associated with modes with effective mass greater than 5% of the total mass of the model shall be out of the, range of 0.7 to 1.3 times the operating speeds. 66 _ Pile foundations for machinery shalll be designed as follows: a. The pile cap shall not weigh less than 2.0 times and 3.6 times the weight of the rotating and reciprocating machines, respectively. b. The piles shall be arranged so that the centroid of the combined machine-foundation system coincides within 5% of the respective overall dimensions of the pile group. c. The geometric damping ratio for pile groups shall not exceed: 0.10 for racking modes, and = 0.15 for horizontal, vertical, and torsional modes TESTING 7.1 A test program to determine the dynamic response of elevated supporting structures is required 7.2 The test program shall be sufficient to determine if natural frequencies exist near machine operating speeds and to predict the approximate operating amplitudes 7.3. Proposed testing procedures shall be submitted to ESSO for approval at least 60 days prior to testing. 7.4 The test program may be reduced, or waived, pending review by ESSO of the dynamic analysis. 7.8 Testing is to commence immediately after mounting the machinery, and as early as possible before start-up in order to provide the time required to initiate corrective measures if vibration problems are discovered,ESSO EXPLORATIONS PRODUCTION CHAD INC. ECS 4-6-2 SUPPORTING STRUCTURES AND & FOUNDATIONS FOR HEAVY Page 10 of 10 Esso) MACHINERY SPECIFICATION. Rev. 2 Aug. 1997. Changes shown by => 7.6 _ Inspection, testing and evaluation of concrete materials shall be in accordance with ECS 4-1-1