16.

Om is reaching the effect of manganese oxide on the decomposition of hydrogen

peroxide. State the type of variable each of the listed in the document is, the units of
measurement, and describe how to manipulate them.

VARIABLE UNITS TYPE HOW TO

If need it MANIPULATE/ MEASURE/ CONTROL IT
Temperature celsius or Controlled The temperature is a factor that affects
Fahrenheit Variable the frequency and energy of the collisions
in the reaction. Therefore, if the
temperature of the aqueous solution or in
this case, the hydrogen peroxide, is higher
in one or the other, the rate of reaction
would be accelerated by the increase in
kinetic energy within the atoms. The
temperature of the hydrogen peroxide
must be kept same and consistent
throughout the experiment to make sure
that not one amount of manganese oxide
was impacted by the difference in kinetic
energy.
Hydrogen ml Controlled Hydrogen Peroxide is the solution in use
peroxide Variable of the process of decomposition. Hence
concentration its concentration percentage is
significantly important because it can
affect the frequency of collisions in the
reaction. If there is an increase in the
concentration in one of the solutions, the
rate of reaction would be much faster
since there is more particles provided to
collide with the manganese oxide.
Keeping the concentration controlled and
identical in each solution tested will keep
the accuracy of the effect of the catalyst.
Oxygen cm3 Dependent The oxygen production rate can be
production rate Variable measured by the volume of the gas given
at the end of the production divided by the
amount of time the reaction takes. The
volume of gas is usually by the units of
cubic centimeter. The variable can be
controlled by setting the material used to
measure to zero every time a new
independent unit is tried, along with
careful handling of the material during the
 reaction to prevent contamination of
accuracy in production rate. Pressure will
also affect the oxygen production since
there will be less space for the particles to
go and more frequent collisions in the
reaction. Maintaining the pressure of the
material on the reactants will help control
the production rate’s accuracy.
manganese grams Independent The experiment can be to try doubling
oxide Variable amounts of manganese oxide to see the
effect on the decomposition rate. It can be
by 2, 4, and 8 grams or by a larger scale.
The increase in amount of catalyst or
manganese oxide will affect the rate of
reactions by alternating the route of the
reaction within a lower activation energy
level. The manganese oxide solids can be
affected by the factor of surface area;
therefore it is important that the surface
area is controlled, either in fine powder or
in small pieces.