NCM 107 (week 1 part 1) disease prevention related to mother

and child health.

Care of Mother, Child and Adolescent (well
4. Provide safe and quality nursing care
clients)
from pregnancy to postpartum.
1. Framework for maternal and child 5. Conduct health education to pregnant
health nursing women.
a. Goals and Philosophies or
Framework of MCHN
maternal and child health nursing
b. Maternal and child health goals A. Goals and philosophies of Maternal
and standards and Child Health Nursing
c. Theories related to maternal and
The primary goal: can be stated as promotion,
child nursing
maintenance of optimal family health to ensure
d. Roles and responsibilities of
cycles of optimal childbearing (the way they
maternal child health nurse
handle and care the child inside their womb)
e. WHO’s 17 sustainable
and childrearing (way of caring their children
development goals
as they grown).
(2nd week topics)
Philosophy of Maternal and Child Health
2. Reproductive and Sexual Health Nursing
a. Concept of unitive procreative
According to World Health Organization
b. Human sexuality
maternal and child health nursing is family-
c. Responsible parenthood
centred, nurses’ assessment should not only
d. Male and female reproductive
focus on the individual client but for the
system
members of the family as well. The nurses
3. Care of the mother and fetus during
should work with patients and their families
the perinatal period
rather than working to or for the patients and
a. Prenatal
their families. Maternal and Child Health
1. Care of mother
Nursing is community-centred, we all know
2. Care of the fetus
that the basic unit of the community is the
(3rd week topics) family, thus the health of families depends on
and influences the health of the community.
B. Intrapartal
Maternal and child health nursing is research-
* theories of labor and delivery oriented; Nursing Research is very important
because it help nurses improve their
* signs of labor knowledge and clinical expertise in the care of
C. Post Natal or post-partum care the clients to provide quality nursing care.
Maternal and child health nursing is based on
nursing theories and evidence based practice
as well, because these provides the foundation
Objectives:
and basis for nursing functions and nursing
1. Integrate concepts and apply care.
appropriate nursing care during
Maternal And Child Health Nursing includes a
childbearing and childbearing years
high degree of independent nursing functions
2. Assess mother and child’s health
because nurses are required and responsible in
status with the use of specific methods
teaching, educating, and counselling the
and tools to address existing health
clients and their families. Maternal and child
needs.
health nursing places importance on the
3. Formulate nursing diagnosis/es
promotion of health, promoting of health is
focusing on health promotion and
important because this protects the health of
the next generation and the rights of all family
members, pregnancy of childhood illness is
stressful and can alter the life of the family in
both subtle and expensive ways, thus maternal
and child health nursing is challenging role for
nurse and a major factor in promoting high
level of wellness in families.
B. Maternal and Child Health Goals
and Standards
2 Main overarching National Health Goals:
1. To increase quality and years of
healthy life
2. To eliminate health disparities
What is the health disparity? This refers to the
differences between groups of people in terms
of health insurance coverage, access to health
care, the use of health care facilities and
quality of care, the concrete example of this
disparity is the issue on LGBT (lesbian, gay,
bi-sexual and transgender), according to World
health organization they should be included in
the care content on counselling with other
areas such as evaluation of health sciences,
literature, environmental health, public health
system and global health.
These national goals (health care goals) are
being reviewed and revised every 10 years.
Maternal and child health nursing can be
visualized to 4 phases of health care
4 phases of health care
1. Health promotion – according to
WHO, health promotion is the process
of enabling people to increase control
over; and to improve their health.
• Example of health promotion is
educating clients to be aware of
their health through teaching and
role modelling.
2. Health maintenance – is the guiding
principle in health care gives
emphasizes on health promotion and
disease prevention rather than the
management of symptoms and illness.
• Example of health maintenance is
the management and intervention
in health when risk of illness is
present.
• Example is the pandemic” covid
19” in order to prevent in
acquiring the disease we do hand
washing, social distancing, the use
of hand sanitizers and alcohol and
staying at home in this manner we
just not prevent ourselves from
acquiring the disease but we also
helping in flattening the curve.
3. Health restorations – activities/
interventions that will help clients to
return to health.
• Example to prompt diagnosing
and treating illness using
interventions that will help clients
to return to wellness rapidly.
• Dengue patient- expected na
babalik pa sa normal phase after
ng dengue fever. So, may mga
bawal muna para makarecover ng
mabilis ang health nya. (Hindi pa
totally recovered). Reher sa ibang
specialist.
4. Health rehabilitation – process of
helping a person who has suffered an
illness or injury restore lost skills and
so regain maximum self-sufficiency.
• Example is prevention of further
complication from an illness such
as diabetes mellitus to chronic
renal period.
C. Theories related to Maternal and
Child Health Nursing
Nursing theories are organized bodies
acknowledge to defined what nursing
is, what nurses do, and why they do it.
It is important for it serves as a
framework of concepts and purposes
intended to guide practice of nursing
at a concrete and specific level.

5 nursing concepts related to
maternal and child health nursing
A. Sister Callista Roy
(Adaption Model)
Sister Callista Roy viewed individual as a set
of interrelated systems who strives to maintain
the balance between various stimuli.
According to her or she “stresses” the role of
the nurse is to help patients adapts to change
caused by illness or other stressor and the
levels of adaptation of individual depends on
the degree of environmental change and the
state of coping ability.
B. Martha Rogers
(Unitary Human Beings)
Martha Roger viewed nursing as a science and
an art because it provides a way to view the
unitary human being who is integral with the
universe, she stated that the purpose of nursing
is to move the client toward optimal health and
help them to interact with environment. In this
theory the nurses should viewed client as a
whole and it is constantly changing.
C. Dorothy Johnson
(Behavioural System Model)
Posturing of the efficient and effective
behavioural functioning in the patient to
prevent illness. According to her a person
compromises subsystems that most remain in
balance for optimal functioning thus any actual
or potential threat to this system balance is a
nursing concern.
D. Dorothea Orem
(Self –care theory)
Dorothea Orem states in her theory that
nursing care is required if the client is enabled
to fulfil his/her biological, psychological and
developmental of social needs. According to
her the focus of nursing is on the individual
and the clients are assessed base in their ability
to complete self-care. Care can be: 1. Wholly
compensatory, 2. Partly compensatory. 3.
Supportive –educational.
Wholly compensatory – the client has no role
Partly compensatory – client participate in
care
Supportive educational – the clients perform
own care.
E. Ida Jean Orlando
(Nursing process theory)
Ida Orlando emphasizes the reciprocal
relationship between patient and nurse and
viewed the professional function of nursing as
finding out and meeting the patient a mediate
need for health. According to her the focus of
the nurse is interaction with the client and the
effectiveness of care depends on the client’s
behaviour, since the client is the one that
defines their own needs and the nurse’s
reaction to that behaviour.
D. Roles and Responsibilities of a
Maternal Child Nurse
1. Provide evidence based assessments
with emphasis on health promotion
and wellbeing
2. Provide information, support, advice
and appropriate referrals relating to
children and parents wellbeing. This
includes health, breastfeeding,
immunization, antenatal, and post-
natal care.
3. Act as an advocate for children,
parents, and the community.
4. Recognize and facilitate the access to
families of cultural and linguistic
diverse backgrounds.
5. Provide pre-natal care to pregnant
women and health care to mothers and
their new-born infants.
6. Provide a focus on prevention, early
detection and intervention of the
health and wellbeing concerns of
vulnerable infants, children and their
families.
7. Continuing education in order to stay
up to date on the latest innovations
and new practices in their field.
What are sustainable development goals What are the 17 SDG’s?
(SDG)
It is formerly known as Millennium
Development Goals (MDG)
MDG – agenda for reducing poverty and
improving the lives of the people that wold
leaders agreed on the Millennium summit
in September 2000.

What are the 8 MDG’s?

1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2. Achieve universal primary education 1. No poverty
3. Promote equality and empower 2. Zero Hunger
women 3. Good Health and Well-being.
4. Reduce child mortality (under 5 years 4. Quality Education.
old) 5. Gender Equality
5. Improve maternal health 6. Clean Water and Sanitation
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other 7. Affordable and Clean Energy.
diseases 8. Decent Work and Economic Growth
7. Ensure environmental sustainability 9. Industry, Innovation and infrastructure
8. Develop a global partnership for 10. Reduced Inequality
development 11. Sustainable Cities and Communities
12. Responsible Consumption and
MDG is a success because it eradicated Production
poverty, improve maternal health, reduce 13. Climate Action
child mortality. However, it failed because 14. Life Below Water
its success the goals was not experienced 15. Life on Land
equally across the globe, to address this 16. Peace and Justice Strong Institutions
problem inequality they uplift MDG to 17. Partnership to achieved the goal
SDG.
SDG Number 3 (Good Health and Well-
Being)
SDG – these are a collection of global It ensures healthy lives and promote well-
goal, design to be a blueprint to achieve a being for all ages. This reduce adolescent
better and more sustainable future for all. pregnancy which is strangling to gender
SDG was set in 2015 by the United equality, provide better data for all women and
Nations General Assembly and intended to girls and achieved universal coverage of
be achieved by the year 2030, are part of skilled birth attendance.
UN Resolution, 70/1, the 2030 agenda.

What are the health targets of SDG 3?

SDG target 3-1 is to reduce maternal
mortality.
3.1 by 2030, reduce the global maternal
mortality ratio to less than 70 per 1000
live births.

Causes:
- Malnutrition: nutrients of the
mother are not enough to supply
the needs of the baby inside
- Eclampsia (Pregnancy-induced
hypertension): causes
- Infection after childbirth:
noncompliance to antibiotic and
because of sepsis
- Postpartum haemorrhage
(Excessive bleeding): during
delivery causes hypovolemia
shock
- Mothers with cardiovascular
disease: during labour mothers
tend to have a heart attack
- Obstructed Labour and
Delivery: excessive contractions
result in uterine rupture and
infection
- Unsafe abortion: may lead to
infection
SDG target 3-7 universal access to sexual and
reproductive care, family planning and
education.
By the year 2030, ensure universal access to
sexual and reproductive health care services.
This includes family planning, information and
education, integration of reproductive health
into national strategies and programmes.
- Hormonal contraception: stops
ovulation (release of the mature
ovule from the ovary)
- Tubal Ligation: prevent sperm
from going to the fallopian tube
- Fertility Awareness: natural
method of family planning e.g.,
calendar method, bbt thermometer
for ovulation

SDG target 3-2 end all preventable deaths

under 5 years of age.
By 2030, end preventable deaths of new-born
and children under 5 years of age, where in all
countries are aiming to “reduce neonatal
mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1000 live
births” and reduce under 5 mortalities to at
least as low as 25 per 1000 live births.
Causes:
- Preterm baby: underdeveloped
organs
- Short umbilical cord: low supply
of nutrients and oxygen
- Neonatal infection: infections
from mother
- Birth asphyxia: deprive from
oxygen and nutrients
- Malnourish: leads low birth
weight