SUBSTANSI HEREDITAS

Bahan Kuliah Genetika

 Central Dogma of Genetics

http://bytesizebio.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/central-dogma.gif
Apa yang dimaksud dengan gen?

Molekul
pembangun
gen
Apa yang dimaksud dengan gen?

Molekul
pembangun
gen

http://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/dna/images/DNAbases.jpg
 Apa yang dimaksud dengan gen?

Molekul
pembangun
gen

http://staff.tuhsd.k12.az.us/gfoster/standard/dnabases.jpg
Apa yang dimaksud dengan gen?

Molekul
pembangun
gen
Apa yang dimaksud dengan gen?

http://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/Fg10_10left.gif
 Apa yang dimaksud dengan gen?

http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/BIOL115/Wyatt/Biochem/Protein/nucleotide3_big.gif
http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Educ/Images/DinucleotideE.jpg

Apa yang dimaksud dengan gen?

http://www.rpi.edu/dept/bcbp/molbioc
http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Educ/Ima
hem/MBWeb/mb2/part1/images/nuclei
ges/DinucleotideE.jpg
c.gif
Apa yang dimaksud dengan gen?

http://www.web-books.com/MoBio/Free/Ch3A5.htm
Apa yang dimaksud dengan gen?

http://www.myfirstbrain.com/thaidata/image.asp?ID=470092
 Apa yang dimaksud dengan gen?

http://www.newsperuvian.com/wp-
http://mcat-review.org/molecular-
content/uploads/2011/05/dna-
biology-dna.php
structure-3.gif
Apa yang dimaksud dengan gen?

http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/151943/530wm/C0089257-
Bacterial_DNA,_artwork-SPL.jpg
 Apa yang dimaksud dengan gen?

http://www.pnas.org/content/102/46/1 http://cronodon.com/images/RNA_stru
6620/F1.large.jpg cture.jpg
 Apa yang dimaksud dengan gen?

http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0471661791/structure/tRNA/
trna_diagram_small.gif
 Apa yang dimaksud dengan gen?
A promoter is a regulatory region of DNA located upstream (towards the 5' region) of of a gene, providing a control point
for regulated gene transcription

http://www.scfbio-iitd.res.in/tutorial/promoter.html
 PROMOTER PADA PROKARYOTA
• In prokaryotes, the promoter consists of two short
sequences at -10 and -35 positions upstream from the
transcription start site.
• The sequence at -10 is called the Pribnow box, or the -
10 element,
• Usually consists of the six nucleotides TATAAT
• The Pribnow box is absolutely essential to start
transcription in prokaryotes.
• The other sequence at -35 (the -35 element) usually
consists of the six nucleotides TTGACA.
• Its presence allows a very high transcription rate
 PROMOTER PADA EUKARYOTA
Eukaryotic promoters are extremely diverse and are difficult to
characterize.
They typically lie upstream of the gene and can have regulatory
elements several kilobases away from the transcriptional start site.
In eukaryotes, the transcriptional complex can cause the DNA to bend
back on itself, which allows for placement of regulatory sequences
far from the actual site of transcription.
Many eukaryotic promoters, contain a TATA box (sequence TATAAA),
which in turn binds a TATA binding protein which assists in the
formation of the RNA polymerase transcriptional complex.
The TATA box typically lies very close to the transcriptional start site
(often within 50 bases).
 Gen, DNA, Kromosom
• Bagaimana gen menentukan dan membawa
sifat?
• Ekspresi: Transkripsi dan translasi
• DNA yang berperan sebagai gen. DNA yang
mana?  Segmen DNA yang memiliki
Promoter
Apakah promoter itu?  urutan tertentu
nukleotida yang dapat dikenali oleh enzim
(RNA polymerase)
 KROMATIN
DNA, NUCLEOSOME, CHROMOSOME DNA, NUCLEOSOME, CHROMOSOME

http://www.med.unc.edu/~bstrahl http://www.chromatintoronto.ca/proje
/research.html cts.html