UNIT 10: ETHICS

4 Selling something as genuine when you know it is not

I don’t really think that finding ways of paying as little tax as possible is unethical.
You know, every bussinessman want to maximize profits for their company. They
can

STARTING UP
A. in my opinion, I do believe that lying about your age or experience on an
application form is unacceptable. In my country, there … that is finding ways of
paying as little tax as possible, Using your influence to get jobs for friends or
relatives

C. in my point of view, the first and most inportant thing of a bussiness is to make
profit for its owners or stakeholders. We can also say that bussiness create value
and orovide it to customeers.

Ethical businesses means that bussiness try to minimise any negative impact
they make on society or the environment. They may also try to make a positive
impact on a particular cause like deducation or charity. those kind of companies
are known as a social enterprise.

VOCABULARY

In my point of view, the most serious among these activities are 5, aindusrial company is
disposing of waste chemscals in the sea and 8, money laundring.
A group of rival mobile phone companies get together and agree to charge
approximately the same amount for a range of services and packages.
A. Match words from Box A and Box B to make word partnerships which describe
the activities in Exercise A.

1. bribery and corruption

2. insider trading
3. counterfeit goods
4. sex discrimination
5. environmental pollution
6. industrial espionage
7. animal testing
8. money laundering
9. price fixing
10. tax fraud

B. 1. bribery and corruption

3. environmental pollution
5. insider trading
6. tax fraud
7. counterfeit goods
8. money laundering
10. industrial espionage

READING 1: THE ETHICS OF RÉSUMÉ WRITING

Activity 1:(A, page 98, Course Book)

Activity 2: (B, page 98, Course Book)

Read the headline and subheading of the article. In pairs, predict five words that
will appear in the article. Include some words connected to dishonesty.
Đáp án:
lie, stretch the truth, deception, dishonesty
Check the article to see if you were correct. Underline all the words in the article
connected with dishonesty.

Activity 3: Useful Vocabulary

Part of
Word/Phrase Definition and Example
Speech
relating to beliefs about what
is morally right and wrong:
ethical L2 ethical and legal issues
the ethical dilemmas surrounding genetic research
the act of hiding the truth, especially to get
an advantage:
deception L2
He was found guilty of obtaining money by deception.
to get
or produce something, especially information or
a reaction:
elicit L4 Have you managed to elicit a response from them yet?
The questionnaire was intended to
elicit information on eating habits.
to give or to be a good reason for:
[ + -ing verb ] I can't really justify
justify L5 taking another day off work.
Are you sure that these measures are justified?
to make someone want to have or do
something, especially something that
is unnecessary or wrong:
tempt L9
The offer of free credit tempted her into buying a
new car.

sell to value someone too little:

sb/yourself/sth L31 It’s a mistake to sell your audience short – they're
short more intelligent than you think they are.
inflate to make something increase in size by filling it
with air:
 He inflated the balloons with helium.
We watch the hot-air balloon slowly inflate.
an attempt to find reasons for behaviour, decisions,
etc., especially your own:
rationalization L19
This is just a convenient rationalization for something
you wanted to do anyway.
to think or believe something to be true or probable:
suspect L19
So far, the police do not suspect foul play.
to change the shape of something so that
it looks strange or unnatural:
distort L21
The map distorted Greenland
to appear four times its actual size.
something that is successful, or that
accomplishmen is achieved after a lot of work or effort:
L27
t Getting the two leaders to sign a peace treaty was
his greatest accomplishment.
existing or happening before something else, or
before a particular time:
prior L28
The course required no prior knowledge of Spanish.

The ethics of résumé writing

It’s never OK to lie on a résumé. But what about stretching the truth?
by Clinton D. Korver

How much can you “dress up” your résumé to make yourself as strong a candidate
as possible without crossing the ethical line of deception dishonestty? Consider a few
conflicting thoughts:
• Over 50% of people lie on their résumé.
• A Monster.com blog about the dangers of lying on your résumé elicited 60
comments from job seekers recommending lying and only 46 discouraging it.
Recommenders justified lying by claiming, everyone else is doing it, companies lie
about job requirements, and it's hard to get a good job.
• Executives caught lying on their resumes often lose their jobs.

If you are reading this blog. you probably are not tempted by dishonesty. But what
about the following:
• Claiming a degree that was not earned because you did most of the work and were
only a few credits short.
• Creating a more impressive job title because you were already doing all of the work
of that position.
• Claiming a team's contributions as your own, because other members did not carry
their weight.
• Inflating the number of people or range of functions for which you had direct
responsibility because you really did have a great deal of influence over them.

These are called rationalizations –constructing a justification for a decision you

suspect is really wrong. You create a story that sounds believable but doesn't pass
close examination. You begin to fool yourself. You develop habits of distorted thinking.

So where is the line? You need to decide that for yourself. Here are some tests to
keep your thinking clear:
• Other-shoe test: How would you feel if the shoe were on the other foot and you
were the hiring manager looking at this résumé? What assumptions would you draw
and would they be accurate?
• Front-page test: Would you think the same way if the accomplishment in question
were reported on the front page of the Wall Street Journal? Or your prior employer's
internal newsletter?

But wait, you say. My résumé doesn't quite pass these tests, but there is something
real underneath my claims, and I do not want to sell myself short.

When in doubt, ask an old boss. While asking an old boss may be difficult, it has many
benefits. Precisely because it is difficult, it forces you to think clearly and sometimes
creatively. Asking also checks the accuracy of your claims, trains your old boss in how
to represent you during reference checks, and sometimes your old boss may give
you better ways to represent yourself.

from Business Week

Activity 4: (C, page 99, Course Book)

Read the article again and answer the questions.
1.What reasons are given for not being totally honest on your CV?
 Everyone else does it, companies lie about job requirements, it's hard to get a
good job
2.What can happen to senior managers wholie ontheir CVs?
They can lose their jobs.
3.Which of the four rationalisations do you think is the most serious? Why?

4.What happens to you when you start using rationalisations?

You begin to fool yourself and develop habits of distorted thinking.5.What are
the advantages of asking an old boss?
5.
It forces you to think clearly and creatively, it checks the accuracy of your
claims, it trains your old boss in how to represent you during reference checks,
your old boss may give you better ways to represent yourself.
Activity 5: Understanding vocabulary
1. The phrase “stretching the truth” in the subheading is closest in meaning to
A.  making use of the supplies
B. not being completely honest
C. making it longer or wider by pulling it
2. The word “conflicting” in line 3 “…conflicting thoughts” is closest in meaning to
A. a violent situation or period of fighting
B. causing opposing ideas or opinions
C. a serious disagreement or argument
3. The word “short” in paragraph 2 “… only a few credits short” is closest in meaning to
A. small in length, distance, or height
B. being an amount of time that is less than average or usual
C. lacking
4. The word “inflating” in paragraph 2 “…inflating the number of people” is closest in
meaning to
A.  making something larger 
B. making something increase in size by filling it with air
C. increasing the price of something
5. The word “constructing” in paragraph 3 “…constructing a tempification” is closest in
meaning to
A. building
B. drawing
C. forming

Activity 6: Pronoun Reference

What does the underlined pronoun refer to?
1. ‘everyone else is doing it …’ (para. 1, bullet 2, line 3)
............................lying.......................................................................................................
.........
2. ‘… a great deal of influence over them.’(para. 2, bullet 4, line 2)
................................people or range of
funtions............................................................................
3. ‘My résumé doesn’t quite pass these tests ...’(para. 5, line 1)
.................................... Other-shoe test and Front-page
test..................................................

Activity 7: Words in Phrases

Go back to the articleon page 98. Find prepositions to complete the following
phrases and write them in the blanks.
1. A Monster.com blog ………about………. the dangers of lying ………on………. your
résumé elicited 60 comments ………from………. job seekers recommending lying.
2. Inflating the number of people or range of functions………for………. which you had
direct responsibility because you really did have a great deal of influence ………
over………. them.
3. These are called rationalizations – constructing a justification ………for………. a
decision you suspect is really wrong.
4. How would you feel if the shoe were ………on……….the other foot?
5. Would you think the same way if the accomplishment ………in……….question were
reported ………on……….the front page of the Wall Street Journal?
6. When …………in…….doubt, ask an old boss.

Activity 8: Word Form

Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the word.
1. ethic
The committee judged that he had not behaved …………ethically……………
Is it …………ethical…………… to promote cigarettes through advertising?
The company was known for its poor business …………ethics…………… and many
people refused  to  buy its  products.
Transplantation of organs from living donors raises …………ethical…………… issues.
2. justify
We are duty bound to ……………justify………… how we spend our funds.
Her actions were quite ……………unjusticable………… in the circumstances.
The Prime Minister has been asked to ……………justify………… the decision to
Parliament.
I can see no possible …….justification…… for any further tax increases.
3. tempt
 I was …….temped……. to take the day off.
How can we ……………tempt………… young people into engineering?
It's very easy to yield to ……………temptation………… and spend too much money.
It was a ……………tempting………… offer.
4. inflate
The media have grossly ……………inflated………… the significance of this meeting.
The principal effect of the demand for new houses was to ……………inflate…………
prices.
Wage increases must be in line with …………inflation……………
5. suspect
It was ……………suspecting………… that the drugs had been brought into the country
by boat.
He is the prime …………suspect…………… in the case.
Three ……………suspected………… terrorists have been arrested.
I've got a sneaking …………suspection…………… that we're going the wrong way.
"I'm arresting you on ……………suspect………… of illegally possessing drugs," said
the police officer.
The public were warned to be on the alert for ……………………… packages.
6. accomplish
She's a very …………accomplished…………… pianist.
The first part of the plan has been safely …………accomplished…………….
That's it. Mission …………accomplishment…………….
It was one of the President's greatest …………accomplishment…………….

Activity 9: Focusing on Words

Fill in each blank in the sentences below with one suitable word. When you finish,
turn back to page 98 and check your answers.
It is never OK to (1) ………lie……… on a résumé. But what about stretching the truth?
How much can you "dress up" your résumé to make yourself as strong a (2) ………
candidate……… as possible without crossing the (3) ……ethical………… line of
deception?
Recommenders (4) ………justified……… lying by claiming: everyone else does it,
companies lie about job requirements, and it’s hard to get a good job. Executives (5)
………caught……… lying on their résumés often lose their jobs. When you start using
(6) …………rationalization…… -- constructing a justification for a decision you suspect
is really wrong -- you begin to fool yourself and develop habits of (7) ………
distorted……… thinking. When in doubt, ask an old boss. It forces you to think clearly
and creatively, it checks the (8) ………accuracy……… of your claims, it trains your
old boss in how to represent you during reference checks, and sometimes your old
boss may give you better ways to represent yourself.
Activity 10: (D, page 99, Course Book)

LISTENING

A. David Hillyard, Director of Programmes at EarthWatch, is describing his

organisation. Listen to the first part of the interview and complete the gaps.
Đáp án:
1. international
2. conservation
3. education
4. 100
5. world
6. scientists
7. plants
8 environment

B. Listen again and answer the questions.

1. Where does EarthWatch have offices?
2. How are EarthWatch's field research projects designed?
Đáp án:
1. The US, the U K, India, Melbourne (Australia), Japan, China
2. So that members of the public, company employees, teachers, young people
and young scientists can join researchers in the field as field assistants and
collect real data that contributes to understanding what is happening.
C. Listen to the second part of the interview and answer the questions.
1. Why do businesses need to change the way they operate?
2. What opportunity do companies have with respect to the environment?
Đáp án:
1. To help to reduce the environmental impact of their operations
2. To educate and engage their employees and get their employees inspired and
motivated to do something in their own communities or in their workplace with
respect to the environment

D. Listen to the final part and write three sentences about the collaboration with
HSBC.
Đáp án:
Sample answer
Earth Watch is working with HS BC, the global bank, so that the bank's employees can
work on data collection along with Earth Watch researchers. This research is about how
forests are coping with climate change and how animals and plants are affected. This is
a way of involving employees and getting them to go back into their companies so that
they influence colleagues about climate change.

LANGUAGE REVIEW
A. Listen to a conversation about a woman who was fired from her job and put
these events in the order that they happened.
b) She felt desperate.
c) She lied on her CV.
f) She got a really good job.
g) She got strong performance reviews.
d) There was an HR initiative.
e) The company found out she did not have a Master’s degree.
a) She lost her job.
B. Listen to the conversation again and note down examples of each of these
tenses.
a) past simple
b) past continuous
c) past perfect
d) present perfect
Đáp án:
a) happened, got, was, fired, said, did [ ... ] find out, required, found out, didn't have,
wasn't, cost
b) was going, was getting, was receiving, was exceeding
c) had lied, had claimed, had [ ... ] made up, had done, had felt, had been
d) have been, 've advised

C. Complete this text about a pharmaceutical company with the correct tenses of
the verbs in brackets.

Đáp án:
1. had
2. launched
3. was selling
4. were getting
5. were increasing
6. went
7. started
8. were complaining / complained
9. was using / used
10. was offering / offered
11. (was) taking / took
12. felt
13. had received
14. started
15. fired
16. have recently issued

SKILLS

A. Listen to two directors talking about a top salesman, Tom Pattison, who is not
doing his job properly. Then answer the questions.
Đáp án:
1. He is sending in reports saying he’s met customers when he hasn’t; he is putting in
false expense claims; he claims he’s had meals with customers that he hasn’t seen for
a long time; he’s rude and uncooperative with other members of the department
2. Have an informal chat, mentioning that all expense claims will be carefully checked in
future, or tell him that if he doesn’t change, he will be sent a warning letter than could
lead to dismissal
3. Have a friendly chat with him to find out if there’s a personal problem affecting his
work

B. Which of the headings (a-g) in the Useful language box should these
comments go under? Some may go under the same heading.
Đáp án:
1. b
2. b
3. c
4. d
5. f
6. a
7. c

C. Listen again. Tick the expressions from the Useful language box that you hear.
Đáp án:
The problem is, he's a really good salesman.
There are two ways we could deal with this.
If we do that, he may come to his senses.
Let's look at it from another angle.
Let's see if we can sort this out.
I'll arrange for Tom to meet us.