LECTURE PLAN

XII Studying [ 2021-2022 ]

CORE

BOTANY
Sl.
Topic and Sub-topics
No.

UNIT - I REPRODUCTION IN ORGANISMS

1. REPRODUCTION IN ORGANISM
CH. 1 & 2
2. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS - 1

1.1 1.1 Asexual Reproduction

2.2 Pre-Fertilization : Structures and Events

1.2
(Stamen, Microsporangium and Pollen grain)

1.3 The Pistil, Megasporangium

(Ovule) and Embryo sac

1.4
Pollination, Pollen-pistil interaction, out breading device

2.3 Double fertilization

CH. 2. 2. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS - II

2.4 Post Fertilization : Structures and Events

2.1
(Endosperm, Embryo Seed)

2.1 2.5 Apomixis and Polyembryony

UNIT - II REPRODUCTION

Ch. 3. PRINCIPLES AND INHERITANCE AND VARIATION - I

5.1 Mendel's Laws of Inheritance

5.2 Inheritance of One gene (Law of Dominance,

Law of Segregation,
Incomplete Dominance,
Co-dominance) Complementary gene, Supplement gene, Epistasis,
Inhibitory gene, Collaborative gene, Additive gene.
Pleiotropy, Polygenic Inheritance

Ch. 3. PRINCIPLES AND INHERITANCE AND VARIATION - II

5.3 Inheritance of two genes (Law of Independent Assortment,

Chromosomal theory of Inheritance)

Linkage and Recombination

5.4 Sex Determination (In Humans) Birds, Honeybee, Drosophila

5.6 Genetic Disorders

Pedigree Analysis

Mendelian and Chromosomal Disorders), Muscular dystrophy

Thalassemia, Cystic fibrosis, Colour blindness Haemophilia, Sickle
cell anaemia, phenylketonuria

Ch. 3. PRINCIPLES AND INHERITANCE AND VARIATION - III

5.5 Mutation, types of Mutation, Mutagenes, Aneupoidy, Euploidy,

Polyploidy, Down Syndrome, Klinfelter's syndrome, Turner's
syndrome.

Ch. 4. MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE - i

6.1 The DNA (Structure of Polynucleotide Chain,

Packaging of DNA Helix), Chromosome

Ch. 7. MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE - II

6.2 The Search for Genetic Material

The Genetic Material is DNA, Griffith Expt., Avery, Mcleod & Mccarty
expt, Harshey & chase expt.
Properties of Genetic material (DNA versus RNA)

6.3 RNA World (Types of RNA); Structure and functions of different

RNAS.

Ch. 8. MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE - III

6.4 Replication (Experimental Proof,

The Machinery and the Enzymes), Meselson & stahl expt

6.5 Transcription
(Transcription Unit,
Transcription Unit and The Gene, Process), Initiation, chain elongation
& Termination

6.6 Genetic Code

(Mutations and Genetic Code,
t-RNA-the Adapter Molecule), Properties of Geneticcode

Ch. 9. MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE - IV

6.7 Translation
(Pre transltion phase)
6.7 Translation
(Translation phase)

Ch. 10. MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE - V

6.8 Regulation of Gene Expression (The Lac Operon)

Tryptophan operon

6.9 Human Genome project (Salient Features,.

Application and Future Challenges)
6.10 DNA Fingerprinting

Ch. 11. STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCEMENT IN FOOD PRODUCTION

9.2 Plant Breeding

(Introduction, Plant Breeding for Disease Resistance, Plant
Breeding for Developing Resistance to Insect Pests), Heterosis.
Plant Breeding for Improved Food Quality)
9.3 Single Cell Protien (SCP)
9.4 Tissue Culture

UNIT - III BIOLOGY IN HUMAN WELFARE

Ch. 12. MICROBES IN HUMAN WELFARE

10.3 Microbes in Sewage Treatment

10.4 Microbes in Production of Biogas

10.5 Microbes as Biocontrol Agent
10.6 Microbes as Biofertilizers

UNIT - IV ECOLOGY

Ch. 13. ORGANISMS AND POPULATIONS

13.1 Organismm and Its Environment

Major Abiotic factors,
Responses to Abiotic factors (Light. Temperature)

13.1 Organism and Its Environment

Major Abiotic factors,
Responses to Abiotic factors (Soil, Water, Air) Adaptations
13.2 Populations
(Attributes)

Population Growth
13.2 Populations
(Life History Variation, Population Interactions)

Ch. 13. ECOSYSTEM

14.1 Structure and Function

14.2 Productivity

14.3 Decomposition
14.4 Energy Flow
14.5 Ecological Pyramids

14.6 Ecological Succession (Succession of Plant)

14.7 Nutrient Cycling (Carbon Cycle & Phosphorous Cycle)
14.8 Ecosystem Services

Ch. 13. BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION

15.1 Biodiversity — Genetic, Species, ecological biodiversity.

Patterns, Importance to the Ecosystem

Biosphere Reserve, Red data Book

Loss of Biodiversity
15.2 Biodiversity Conservation [Importance,

Techniques (In situ & Ex situ conservation)] Cryopreseration

Ch. 13. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

16.1 Air Pollution and its Control (Controlling vehicular Air pollution)
16.2 Water pollution and its control (Domestic Sewage and
Industrial Effluents, Integrated Waste Water Treatment)

16.3 Solid wastes (Remedy for Plastic Waste)

16.4. Agrochemicals and their Effects (Organic farming)
16.5 Radioactive Wastes

16.6 Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming

16.7 Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere
16.8 Degradation by Improper Resource Utilization and
Maintenance
16.9 Deforestation

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