Project Page 1 of 12

Project
First Saved Tuesday, September 14, 2021
Last Saved Monday, September 27, 2021
Product Version 18.2 Release
Save Project Before Solution No
Save Project After Solution No

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Contents
l Units

l Model (B4)
¡ Geometry
n Parts
¡ Coordinate Systems
¡ Connections
n Contacts
n Contact Region
¡ Mesh
n Body Sizing
¡ Steady-State Thermal (B5)
n Initial Temperature
n Analysis Settings
n Loads
n Solution (B6)
n Solution Information
n Temperature

l Material Data
¡ PV Cells

Units
TABLE 1
Unit System Metric (m, kg, N, s, V, A) Degrees rad/s Kelvin
Angle Degrees
Rotational Velocity rad/s
Temperature Kelvin

Model (B4)
Geometry
TABLE 2
Model (B4) > Geometry
Object Name Geometry
State Fully Defined
Definition
Source H:\Singgih File\PVT_files\dp0\FFF\DM\FFF.agdb
Type DesignModeler
Length Unit Meters
Element Control Program Controlled
Display Style Body Color
Bounding Box
Length X 1.81 m
Length Y 1.2725e-002 m
Length Z 0.98 m

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Properties
Volume 3.6162e-004 m³
Mass 0. kg
Scale Factor Value 1.
Statistics
Bodies 2
Active Bodies 1
Nodes 2158884
Elements 307593
Mesh Metric Skewness
Min 1.3057293693791E-10
Max 1.62928224955263E-10
Average 1.32631525830666E-10
Standard Deviation 4.23866629492936E-12
Basic Geometry Options
Parameters Independent
Parameter Key
Attributes Yes
Attribute Key
Named Selections Yes
Named Selection Key
Material Properties Yes
Advanced Geometry Options
Use Associativity Yes
Coordinate Systems Yes
Coordinate System Key
Reader Mode Saves Updated File No
Use Instances Yes
Smart CAD Update Yes
Compare Parts On Update No
Analysis Type 3-D
Decompose Disjoint Geometry Yes
Enclosure and Symmetry Processing Yes

TABLE 3
Model (B4) > Geometry > Parts
Object Name PV Cells ABS1
State Meshed Suppressed
Graphics Properties
Visible Yes No
Transparency 1
Definition
Suppressed No Yes
Stiffness Behavior Flexible
Coordinate System Default Coordinate System
Reference Temperature By Environment
Behavior None
Material
Assignment PV Cells
Nonlinear Effects Yes
Thermal Strain Effects Yes
Bounding Box

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Length X 1.64 m 1.81 m

Length Y 2.25e-004 m 1.25e-002 m
Length Z 0.98 m 0.9675 m
Properties
Volume 3.6162e-004 m³ 1.1856e-002 m³
Mass 0. kg
Centroid X 2.7644e-003 m 2.764e-003 m
Centroid Y 1.1924e-002 m 6.5316e-003 m
Centroid Z -5.2375e-003 m -5.2376e-003 m
Moment of Inertia Ip1 0. kg·m²
Moment of Inertia Ip2 0. kg·m²
Moment of Inertia Ip3 0. kg·m²
Statistics
Nodes 2158884 0
Elements 307593 0
Mesh Metric Skewness
Min 1.3057293693791E-10 0
Max 1.62928224955263E-10 0
Average 1.32631525830666E-10 0
Standard Deviation 4.23866629492936E-12 0

Coordinate Systems
TABLE 4
Model (B4) > Coordinate Systems > Coordinate System
Object Name Global Coordinate System
State Fully Defined
Definition
Type Cartesian
Coordinate System ID 0.
Origin
Origin X 0. m
Origin Y 0. m
Origin Z 0. m
Directional Vectors
X Axis Data [ 1. 0. 0. ]
Y Axis Data [ 0. 1. 0. ]
Z Axis Data [ 0. 0. 1. ]

Connections
TABLE 5
Model (B4) > Connections
Object Name Connections
State Fully Defined
Auto Detection
Generate Automatic Connection On Refresh Yes
Transparency
Enabled Yes

TABLE 6
Model (B4) > Connections > Contacts

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Object Name Contacts

State Suppressed
Definition
Connection Type Contact
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry All Bodies
Auto Detection
Tolerance Type Slider
Tolerance Slider 0.
Tolerance Value 5.1458e-003 m
Use Range No
Face/Face Yes
Face Overlap Tolerance Off
Cylindrical Faces Include
Face/Edge No
Edge/Edge No
Priority Include All
Group By Bodies
Search Across Bodies
Statistics
Connections 1
Active Connections 0

TABLE 7
Model (B4) > Connections > Contacts > Contact Regions
Object Name Contact Region
State Suppressed
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Contact 1 Face
Target No Selection
Contact Bodies PV Cells
Target Bodies ABS1
Definition
Type Bonded
Scope Mode Automatic
Behavior Program Controlled
Trim Contact Program Controlled
Trim Tolerance 5.1458e-003 m
Suppressed No
Advanced
Formulation Program Controlled
Small Sliding Program Controlled
Detection Method Program Controlled
Elastic Slip Tolerance Program Controlled
Thermal Conductance Program Controlled
Pinball Region Program Controlled
Geometric Modification
Contact Geometry Correction None
Target Geometry Correction None

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Mesh
TABLE 8
Model (B4) > Mesh
Object Name Mesh
State Solved
Display
Display Style Body Color
Defaults
Physics Preference Mechanical
Relevance 0
Element Order Program Controlled
Sizing
Size Function Adaptive
Relevance Center Fine
Element Size Default
Mesh Defeaturing Yes
Defeature Size Default
Transition Fast
Initial Size Seed Assembly
Span Angle Center Coarse
Bounding Box Diagonal 2.05830 m
Minimum Edge Length 2.25e-004 m
Quality
Check Mesh Quality Yes, Errors
Error Limits Standard Mechanical
Target Quality Default (0.050000)
Smoothing Medium
Mesh Metric Skewness
Min 1.3057e-010
Max 1.6293e-010
Average 1.3263e-010
Standard Deviation 0.
Inflation
Use Automatic Inflation None
Inflation Option Smooth Transition
Transition Ratio 0.272
Maximum Layers 5
Growth Rate 1.2
Inflation Algorithm Pre
View Advanced Options No
Advanced
Number of CPUs for Parallel Part Meshing Program Controlled
Straight Sided Elements No
Number of Retries Default (4)
Rigid Body Behavior Dimensionally Reduced
Mesh Morphing Disabled
Triangle Surface Mesher Program Controlled
Topology Checking No
Pinch Tolerance Please Define
Generate Pinch on Refresh No
Statistics

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Nodes 2158884
Elements 307593

TABLE 9
Model (B4) > Mesh > Mesh Controls
Object Name Body Sizing
State Fully Defined
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Body
Definition
Suppressed No
Type Element Size
Element Size 2.2891e-003 m
Advanced
Defeature Size Default
Behavior Soft

Steady-State Thermal (B5)

TABLE 10
Model (B4) > Analysis
Object Name Steady-State Thermal (B5)
State Solved
Definition
Physics Type Thermal
Analysis Type Steady-State
Solver Target Mechanical APDL
Options
Generate Input Only No

TABLE 11
Model (B4) > Steady-State Thermal (B5) > Initial Condition
Object Name Initial Temperature
State Fully Defined
Definition
Initial Temperature Uniform Temperature
Initial Temperature Value 300. K

TABLE 12
Model (B4) > Steady-State Thermal (B5) > Analysis Settings
Object Name Analysis Settings
State Fully Defined
Step Controls
Number Of Steps 1.
Current Step Number 1.
Step End Time 1. s
Auto Time Stepping Program Controlled
Solver Controls
Solver Type Program Controlled
Solver Pivot Checking Program Controlled
Radiosity Controls

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Radiosity Solver Program Controlled

Flux Convergence 1.e-004
Maximum Iteration 1000.
Solver Tolerance 0.1 W/m²
Over Relaxation 0.1
Hemicube Resolution 10.
Nonlinear Controls
Heat Convergence Program Controlled
Temperature Convergence Program Controlled
Line Search Program Controlled
Output Controls
Calculate Thermal Flux Yes
Nodal Forces No
Contact Miscellaneous No
General Miscellaneous No
Store Results At All Time Points
Analysis Data Management
Solver Files Directory H:\Singgih File\PVT_files\dp0\SYS\MECH\
Future Analysis None
Scratch Solver Files Directory
Save MAPDL db No
Delete Unneeded Files Yes
Nonlinear Solution No
Solver Units Active System
Solver Unit System mks

TABLE 13
Model (B4) > Steady-State Thermal (B5) > Loads
Object Name Heat Flux Convection Fluid Solid Interface
State Fully Defined
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Face 6 Faces 1 Face
Definition
Type Heat Flux Convection Fluid Solid Interface
Magnitude 900. W/m² (ramped)
Suppressed No
Film Coefficient 10. W/m²·K (ramped)
Ambient Temperature 300. K (ramped)
Convection Matrix Program Controlled
Interface Number 1.
Export Results No

FIGURE 1
Model (B4) > Steady-State Thermal (B5) > Heat Flux

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FIGURE 2
Model (B4) > Steady-State Thermal (B5) > Convection

TABLE 14
Model (B4) > Steady-State Thermal (B5) > Convection

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Steps Time [s] Convection Coefficient [W/m²·K] Temperature [K]

0. 0.
1 300.
1. 10.

Solution (B6)
TABLE 15
Model (B4) > Steady-State Thermal (B5) > Solution
Object Name Solution (B6)
State Solved
Adaptive Mesh Refinement
Max Refinement Loops 1.
Refinement Depth 2.
Information
Status Done
MAPDL Elapsed Time 26 m 45 s
MAPDL Memory Used 7.0576 GB
MAPDL Result File Size 759.81 MB
Post Processing
Beam Section Results No

TABLE 16
Model (B4) > Steady-State Thermal (B5) > Solution (B6) > Solution Information
Object Name Solution Information
State Solved
Solution Information
Solution Output Solver Output
Update Interval 2.5 s
Display Points All
FE Connection Visibility
Activate Visibility Yes
Display All FE Connectors
Draw Connections Attached To All Nodes
Line Color Connection Type
Visible on Results No
Line Thickness Single
Display Type Lines

TABLE 17
Model (B4) > Steady-State Thermal (B5) > Solution (B6) > Results
Object Name Temperature
State Solved
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry All Bodies
Definition
Type Temperature
By Time
Display Time Last
Calculate Time History Yes
Identifier
Suppressed No
Results

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Minimum 300.86 K
Maximum 303.94 K
Minimum Occurs On PV Cells
Maximum Occurs On PV Cells
Information
Time 1. s
Load Step 1
Substep 1
Iteration Number 5

FIGURE 3
Model (B4) > Steady-State Thermal (B5) > Solution (B6) > Temperature

TABLE 18
Model (B4) > Steady-State Thermal (B5) > Solution (B6) > Temperature
Time [s] Minimum [K] Maximum [K]
1. 300.86 303.94

FIGURE 4
Model (B4) > Steady-State Thermal (B5) > Solution (B6) > Temperature > PVT-Q900L99

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Material Data
PV Cells
TABLE 19
PV Cells > Appearance
Red Green Blue
234 247 209

TABLE 20
PV Cells > PV Cells
Thermal Conductivity W m^-1 C^-1 Density kg m^-3 Specific Heat Capacity J kg^-1 C^-1 Temperature C
148 2330 677

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