LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Social Media

Social media refers to the means of interactions among people in which they create,

share, and exchange ideas and information in virtual communities and networks. According to

Global Social Media Stats (2021), there are 4.33 billion social media users around the world at

the start of 2021, equating to more than 70% of the eligible global population.

Moreover, a typical user actively uses or visits more than 6 different social media

platforms each month, and spends an average of close to 2 ½ hours using social media each

day. Therefore, assuming that people sleep between 7 and 8 hours a day, these latest figures

suggest that people spend roughly 15% of their waking lives using social media. Added

together, the world spends more than 10 billion hours using social platforms each day, which is

equivalent of nearly 1.2 million years of human existence.

In the same article, Facebook remains the world’s most widely used social media

platform, but there are now six social media platforms that claim more than one billion monthly

active users each. Four of these six platforms are owned by Facebook. Based on the publicly

available data last April 2021, at least 17 social media platforms have 300 million or more

monthly active users, namely: Facebook with 2.797 billion monthly active users; YouTube’s

potential advertising reach 2.291 billion; WhatsApp has around 2 billion monthly active users;

Facebook Messenger has around 1.3 billion monthly active users; Instagram’s potential

advertising reach is 1.287 billion; WeChat has 1.225 billion monthly active users; TikTok has

732 million monthly active users; Douyin has 600 million daily users; QQ has 595 million

monthly active users; Telegram has 550 million monthly active users; Snapchat’s potential

advertising reach is 528 million; Sina Weibo has 521 million monthly active users; Kuaishou has

481 million monthly active users; Pinterest has 459 million monthly active users; Reddit has
around 430 million monthly active users; Twitter’s potential advertising reach is 396 million;

Quora has around 300 million monthly active users.

2.2 Social Interaction

Social interaction is an exchange between two or more individuals and is a building

block of society (Lumen Learning, 2019). In addition, social interaction is a phenomenon of

dynamic social relationships between one person and another, one with another group, and

groups with other groups (Soekanto, 2012).

According to a study of Kolhar, M., et. al (2021) entitiled, “Effect of Social Media Use on

Learning, Social Interactions, and Sleep Duration among University Students”, majority of the

participants reported prolonged use of social networking sites for non-academic purposes.

These habitual behaviors can distract students from their academic work, adversely affect their

academic performance, social interactions, and sleep duration, and lead to a sedentary lifestyle

and physical inactivity.

Additionally, according to the study of Anna Y. (2020) entitled, “The Influence of Social

Media on Social Interactions among Students”, the social media's influence on student social

interactions is quite significant, both positive and negative. Social media makes it easy for

students, especially FISIP students, to find information and make it easier to communicate.

Social media can also hinder social interaction between FISIP Universitas Airlangga students.

The obstruction of this social interaction is that, most of the students do not see the situations

and conditions in using social media; most of them focus more on their social media than on the

direct social interactions that are happening in front of them.