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INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON MARITAL RELATIONSHIP

AMONG COUPLES IN SAMUEL ADEGBOYEGA UNIVERSITY

Ekwe Okwudiri, Ph.D, Oluwafisayo Abdul, PhD, Victor Oladele & Deborah Olowolafe

Department of Mass Communication,

Samuel Adegboyega University, Ogwa Edo State
ekweokwudiri@yahoo.com

Okafor Sabastine Chukwuebuka

Department of Mass Communication, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Agbani

Abstract
This study assessed the influence of social media on marital relationship among married couples
in Samuel Adegboyega University, Edo State. The core method of data collection in this study
was survey upon which questionnaire was administered to married couples in Samuel
Adegboyega University Ogwa, Edo State. The sampling technique employed was the purposive
sample technique because only married couples in Samuel Adeboyega University were selected
to represent the entire population of the study. From the findings, 94% of the respondent
submitted that they have access to social media, also, 96% of the respondents give full permission
to their spouse to use social media. Research gathered indicates that 36% of respondents said they
lost special moments with their partners because of social media communication. On the other
hand, 44% of respondent indicated that social media enhances their communication with their
spouses. However, from the study, it was gathered that influence of social media on marital
relationship is inevitable, that is, it will continue because every social media user has an objective
for using their desired social media.
Keywords: Social Media, Marital Relationship, Couples

INTRODUCTION
In recent decades, the term social network was merely a form of social connect between
individuals by virtue of physical interaction and communication. With the appearance of social
media, electronic-based forum is created, finding of new information and new contacts are
enhanced, reconnection with missing friends is facilitated, and contact with people from around
the world has become easier. And it had been interestingly found that, among three people
worldwide, one uses social media sites to communicate and share ideas with one another
(Seopressor, 2014). Grahl (2014) identified six (6) types of social media: 1. Social networks, 2.
Bookmarking sites, 3. Social news, 4. Media sharing, 5. Micro-blogging, 6. Blog comments and
forums.
The social media has enabled new forms of social interaction; this is due to its widespread
usability and access. In most third world countries, use of the internet/ social media has been
made even more accessible by mobile phones. Most people use the internet to access news,
weather and sports reports, to discover and book vacations and to know more about their
interests. In our days, people with the internet frequently interact on social media, they chat,
message, share photos and stay in touch with friends and relatives worldwide (Mwang, 2013,p.
1).

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The new social media communication known as social media networks has developed into a
phenomenon in recent days. Danah and Nicole (2007) defined social media or social networks as
web-based services that facilitates people's interaction and build their profile in specific system.
Also, it allows people to communicate and share different things via this system. In addition,
Messaoudene and Alaeed (2012) defined social media communication as a group of global social
networks that connected a huge number of devices around the world that creates a vast
connection. These networks have a high speed of information exchange by developmental
technology.
Social media communication technologies have been affected by human behaviour, thought,
relationship, and life styles. These social networks attracted people around the world because it
gives them a chance to communicate with other people. Also, it is the greatest supply to follow
news, give an opinion, share moments, and meet new friends, provide entertainment and more.
These factors have shifted the societal dynamics in terms of social interaction. According to
Albayan Magazine (2010), "social media makes the world as a small village in terms of easiness
of communication and exchange of information and experiences." Consequently, social media
has been an important tool. As stated above, people can benefit from social media to communicate
with others, listen to news or events, and participate in social activities.
Social media, a web-based and mobile technology, has turned contact into a social dialogue,
and dominate the younger age bracket and their way of life. As of 2010, Generation Y has
outnumbered Baby Boomers, and 96% of Gen Y has joined a social network (Qualman, 2009).
Social media at this time is the figure one use for the Internet, and this percentage is growing
larger every day (Qualman, 2009). As a result, the people are becoming more dependent to Social
media, which has a led to amount of valuable and harmful outcomes. The humankind is more
connected now than ever before because of this technology, but what are the implications
For interpersonal communication? The task that these virtual forum and technologies play in
interpersonal communication is very important to understand. There cover a several studies
conducted on social media, the reasons why several individuals engage in it, its effect on users,
and its impact on society at large.
Over time, our society is likely to become more technologically advanced, allowing
individuals to do almost anything they please, but in a virtual space. With this frequent
development in technology and social media, several believe we will become more occupied with
persons worldwide, and some fear that technology will start to separate people.
From its early stages, information and communication technologies (ICT) that were planned
to enlarge efficiency and productivity in all sphere of life was also expected to increase people’s
leisure opportunities (Albrechtsen, 2001). While an extreme increase in leisure time has never
materialized, the extended research (Horst, 2010; Lasen, 2005; Levinson, 2004; Mesch, 2006a;
Mesch, 2006b; Turkle, 2011; Watkins, 2009) and casual evidence suggest that the use of technology
has changed our lives: our work, education, leisure time, our perception of ourselves, our families
and communities. People play an active role in these changes. Their individual personalities,
emotions and beliefs, as well as their demographic characteristics influence what kinds and how
technologies are used in everyday life. These technological changes brought with them many
anticipated benefits (e.g., connecting people separated by distances), as well as some unexpected
challenges (e.g., overuse of the Internet, loss of ability to distinguish real and virtual worlds)
Albrechtsen, 2001.
In previous studies by Solis & Breakenridge, (2009), social media has been measured by its
frequency of use. Frequency can describe how long the user has been engaged in a social media
platform (i.e., how long they have had a Facebook account) or how frequently they log in and use
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social media in a given day or week. Another standard of measurement of social media use is the
amount of updates on one’s social networking site and the amount of interaction between an
individual and his/her social media contacts. Frequency is an important variable to understand
in terms of social media use because it can play a role in an individual’s interpersonal
relationships. It also may play a role in determining what can be defined as social media addiction
to a couple’s relationship.
This study therefore is to look at the influence of social media on marital relationship, to know
the extent at which the prevalence of social media has a negative or positive impact on couples’
relationship in Samuel Adeboyega University, Ogwa Edo State.

Research Questions
1. What is the extent to which couples have access to social media?
2. How much do couples allow their spouses to access the social media in Samuel Adegboyega
University?
3. To what degree do social media influence couples’ relationships in Samuel Adegboyega
University?

LITERATURE REVIEW
Mwangi (2013) revealed in his study on Impact of social networking sites on interpersonal
relationships among couples in Murang’a east district that 94.8% said that social networking sites
have helped them keep in touch with friends they didn‘t see regularly, 62.2% said social
networking sites have helped them get to know other students at school better, 82.4% said social
networking sites helped them to connect with people whom they shared common interest, 95.7%
said social networking sites helped them meet new friends and 86.4% said that social networking
sites have helped them socialize with people they would not have been able to communicate with.
Also that (39.4%) of the respondents said they had accounts on Facebook. 20.2% said they had an
account with Twitter, 19.7% said they had an account on Whatsapp, 10.4% said they had an
account YouTube, 8.8% said they had an account on Google+ and only 1.6% of the respondents
said they had an account on other social media such as Qeep, Myspace and Viber.
From the research it shows that 45.1% said they spent at least sit one hour on Facebook, 39.8%
said they spent at least one hour on Twitter, 39.1% said they spent at least one hour on YouTube.
36.6% said they spent at least one hour on Whatsapp and 45.1% of the respondents said they spent
less than 30 minutes on other social networking sites.
The research however provide that 80% of the respondents said that social networking sites
had improved their relationships with their friends, 8.6% said social media brought about
disagreements with their friends. 2.9% said that in social media there was too much distraction
and as such they could not focus on one or few friends. 4.3% said that many of their friends spent
time on social media when they were hanging out and another 4.3% said that they did not have
time for physical friends because they were always chatting with their online friends.
Saleh, M. and Mukhtar, J. I. (2015) Conducted a research on Social Media and Divorce Case
in Dutse L.G.A. Jigawa State. This research showed that the responses of the sampled elements
on whether or not their spouse subscribed to any social network site. Out of the 119 respondents,
the partners of 59 (49.6%) of them are using the social media. Those whose partners are not using
social media were 60 (50.4%). Also that 20 (16.8%) had familial crisis because of social media.
The vast majority of the respondents, 99(83.2%) did not have any relationship problem due to
the social media. The study found that, all of the respondents agreed that social media can lead
to divorce. There is no established causality (on the direct impact of social media on divorce), but
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the outcome supported the study as people generally believed that, there is relationship between
the two variables.

Theoretical Framework
This study is therefore, hinged on Uses and Gratification Theory
Uses and Gratification Theory
Uses and gratification theory is a vital theory in today‘s mass communication research. Uses and
gratification theory (UGT) is an approach to understanding why and how people actively seek
out specific media to satisfy specific needs. Uses and gratification is an audience-cantered
approach to understanding mass communication.
In relating Uses and Gratifications theory to this study, in as much as people actively seek
out/choose specific media to satisfy specific needs. The users must make sure they make use of
any social media they desire to use, especially young couples. Therefore, this theory we help us
to know why young couples in Samuel Adeboyega University choose a specific social media to
satisfy their need and how it influences their marital relationship.

RESEARCH DESIGN
This study adopted the survey design. The reason for this is that whenever the major source of
primary data for a study is the views of members of the public or any particular group, a survey
is better called for. The target populations of this study are the 206 staff of Samuel Adeboyega
University, Ogwa.
The sample technique that was used for this study is Purposive sampling method. This was
used to select 100 married men and women in the University

ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF DATA

Analysis of Research Questions

Research Question 1: What is the extent to which couples have access to social media in Samuel
Adegboyega University?
This section of the questionnaire covers the accessibility of couples to the social media. To know the extent
married couples have access to social media and what kind of activities do they engage in on the social
media.

Table 4.1 Distribution of Respondents based on if they have access to Social Media.
Media Access Freq. Percentage Cumulative %
Yes 94 94 94
No 3 3 97
Can’t Say 3 3 100
Total 100 100
The table shows that almost all the respondents have access to social media. The question of “Do You Have
Access to Social Media?” asked 94 respond Yes representing 94% 3 responded No representing 3% and 3
responded 3 Can’t say representing 3%. From the above information we have discovered that many couples
have the importance of social media and it has contributed to their marital relationship positively that’s
why much population have access to social media.

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Table 4.2 Distribution of Respondents on type of Social Media mostly used

Media Used Freq. % Cumulative %
Facebook 53 53 53
Whatsapp 25 25 78
Twitter 9 9 87
YouTube 8 8 95
Others 5 5 100
Total 100 100

The table above shows the type of social media the respondents mostly use. 53 respondents make use of
Facebook mostly representing 53% 25 respondents mostly use WhatsApp representing 25% 9 Twitter
representing 9% 8 uses YouTube mostly representing 8% and the others respondents uses other Social
media not specified on the questionnaire representing 5%.

Table 4.3: Distribution of Respondents on which device they normally use to access Social Media
Device Used Freq % Cumulative %
Laptop 17 17 17
Desktop 1 1 18
Smartphone 62 62 80
Tablet 18 18 98
Other Mobile Phone 2 2 100
Total 100 100

From the above tables it is shows that 17 respondents uses laptop representing 17% 1 respondents uses
desktop representing 1% 62 uses Smartphone representing 62% 18 uses tablet representing 18% why the
remaining 2 respondents uses other mobile phone representing 2%.

Table 4.4 Distribution of Respondents on kind of activities couples engage in on Social Media
Chat with friends 80 Find new friends 35
Send messages to friends 15 Post interesting links for the people in my 15
life.
Comment on friends update 20 Keep up with news and event in the society 53

Download and share photos and video 1 For dating/ extra marital affairs 0
Make plans with friends/ social group 1 Keep up with trending topic, fashion and 10
styles
Interact with celebrities 1 Link up with family members 59
Share update with friends 5 Keep up with friends’ lives 10
To interact and express feelings to my 1
husband/ wife

The table above shows the different activities which couples engage in on social media. This part of the
questionnaire is use to know the multiple activities or purpose why couples engage on social media. 80
respondents responded that their activity o social media is to chat with friends, 15 send messages to friends,
20 comments on friends update, 1 download and share photos and video, 1 make plans with friends on
social group, 1 respondent interact with celebrities, 5 respondents share update with friends, 1 respondent
uses social media to interact and express feelings to spouse, 35 uses it to find new friends, 15 uses it to post
interesting links for the people in their contact, 53 uses it to keep up with news and events in the society,
no respondents admitte that he/she uses social media for dating or extra marital affairs, 10 uses it to keep
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up with trending topic, fashion and styles, 59 uses it to link up with family members and 10 uses it to keep
up with friends lives

Research Question 2: How much do couples allow their spouses to access the social media in Samuel
Adegboyega University?
This section of the questionnaire exposed how spouses allow their partner to use the social media, the
extents you allow your spouse’s to use the social media and what kind of social media do they allow their
spouse to access. This is done to know the permission granted by married couples to allow their spouse to
use the social media and how they are been monitored.

Table 4.5 Distribution of Respondents on whether they allow their spouses to use Social Media
Usage Permission Freq % Cumulative %
Yes 96 96 96
No 3 3 99
Can’t Say 1 1 100
Total 100 100
The table shows that 96 respondents give full permission to their spouses to use social media representing
96%. 3 respondents don’t give permission to their spouse to use social media while 1 was not certain on
whether they give permission or not.

Table 4.6 Distribution of respondents based on the extent to which they allow their spouses to use Social
Media
Media Usage Freq % Cumulative
%
Very Large Extent 34 34 34
Large Extent 29 29 63
Moderately 31 31 94
Low Extent 5 5 99
Very Low Extent 1 1 100
Total 100 100

The table above shows the level or extent which respondents allow their spouse to use the social media. It
is showed that 34 respondents allows their spouse to use the social media to a very large extent representing
34% 29 allows their spouse to use it to a large extent representing 29% 31 moderate their spouse social
media usage representing 31% 5 allows their spouse to use the social in a low extent representing 5% why
1 allow their spouse to use social media in a very low extent representing 1%.

Table 4.7 Distribution of respondents on Social Media Respondents they allow their spouses to access
Media Spouse Access Freq % Cumulative
%
Facebook 49 49 49
Whatsapp 19 19 68
Twitter 14 14 82
Instagram 13 13 95
Others 5 5 100
Total 100 100

The table shows that the respondents allow their spouse to access specific social media; I believed this is
done to regulate and monitor the activities carried out by their spouse. From the table 49 respondents allow
their spouse to access Facebook representing 49% 19 allow their spouse to access Whatsapp representing

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19% 14 allow their spouse to access Twitter representing 14% 13 allow their spouse to access to Instagram
representing 13% and 5 allow their spouse to access the other social media representing 5%.

Research Questions 3: To what degree do social media influence couples’ relationships in Samuel
Adegboyega University?

Table 4.8 Distribution of respondents’ perception to their spouses’ Social Media usage
Perception to spouses social media usage Freq % Cumulative
%
Positive 58 58 58
Negative 41 41 99
No Respond 1 1 100
Total 100 100
The table shows that 58 respondents perception to spouse social media usage is positive representing 58%
while 41 perceptions is negative representing 41% is and there was no respond from 1 respondent
representing 1%.

Table 4.9 the Influence of Social Media on Marital Relationship

Social media have broken privacy life between me and my SA A N D SD Total
partner 39 13 3 15 30 100

I feel that social media make my partner not to care about 18 23 15 20 24 100
me
I lost special moments with my partner because of social 36 12 8 24 20 100
media communication.
We have less oral communication 28 22 9 25 15 100
We have less physical contact 24 26 13 24 14 100
It enhances our communication 44 31 11 9 5 100
It has led to our separation emotionally 20 12 28 18 23 100
Linking up with family members 62 27 5 3 3 100
Keeping up with news and event in the society 67 20 7 3 3 100
The table above shows that 39 respondent representing 39% strongly agree that Social media have broken
privacy life between them and their partner, 13 respondents agree, 3% respondents are neutral, 15
respondents disagree while 30 respondents strongly disagree. Also, 18% of respondents strongly feel that
social media make their partner not to care about them, 23% of respondents agree, 15% of respondents are
natural, 20% of respondents disagree and 24% of respondents strongly disagree. Also, 36% of respondents
strongly agree they lost special moments with their partner because of social media communication, 12%
of respondents agree, 8% of respondent are neutral, 24% disagree while 20% strongly disagree. Also, 28%
of respondents strongly agree that they have less oral communication, 22% agree, 9% of respondents are
neutral, 25% of respondents disagree, while 15% of respondents strongly disagree. Going on, 24% of
respondents strongly agree that they have less physical contact, 26% agree, 13% of respondents are neutral,
24% disagree, while 14% of respondents strongly disagree. Also, 44% of respondents strongly agree that it
enhances their communication, 31% agree, 11% of respondents are neutral, 9% disagree while 5% of
respondents strongly disagree. Also, 20% of respondents strongly agree that social media has led to their
separation emotionally, 12% of respondents agree, 28% take a neutral stand, 18% disagree while 23% of
respondents strongly disagree. Also, 62% of respondents strongly agree that social media help them in
linking up with family members, 27% of respondents agree, 5% of respondents are neutral, 3% of
respondents disagree with another 3% strongly disagreeing. While 67% of respondents strongly agree that
social media help them in keeping up with news and events in the society, 20% agree, 7% are neutral, 3%
of respondents disagree, while another 3% of respondents strongly disagree.

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Summary of Findings
This research work dwelled on the Influence of Social Media on Marital Relationship. A study of
Samuel Adegboyega University, Edo State. From the findings, majority (94% of the respondent)
says they have access to the social media
A great observation is that, majority (96% of the respondents) gives full permission to their
spouse to use social media. Also from the findings majority (58% of the respondent) revealed that
perception to spouse social media usage is positive.
In another perspective, it is been observed that (80% respondent) used social media to chat
with friends while only (1% respondent) indicated that they use social media to interact and
express feelings to spouse. Also (39% respondent) strongly agree that Social media have broken
privacy life between them and their partner, all this are part of the negative influence of social
media on marital relationship. Another negative aspect of it was revealed in table 4.14 (36% of
respondents) said they lost special moments with their partner because of social media
communication. On the other hand, (44% of respondent) indicated that social media enhances
their communication while (67% and 62% respondent) revealed that social media helps them keep
up with news and event in the society and linking up with family members respectively.
However, based on the findings, it was discovered that influence of social media on marital
relationship is inevitable that is, it will continue because every social media user has an objective
for using their desired social media.

Conclusion
The information revolution is both a blessing and a vice to the modern man and woman alike.
One remarkable aspect of the revolution is not just the bombardment of news but also drastic
transformation of social media (Seopressor, 2014). The social media has enabled new forms of
social interaction; this is due to its widespread usability and access. In most third world countries
use of the internet/ social media has been made even more accessible by mobile phones.
This research work has shown that couples in Samuel Adegboyega University have access to
social and understand that social media have influence on marital relationship. However, the
nature of this influence usually varies greatly, depending on the user aim.

Recommendations
In view of the identified problems of social media on marital relationship it is therefore
imperative to recommend possible solutions to the problems to enhance the efficiency and
effectiveness of social media.

• More studies on the same or related topic should be taken to contribute more to the area
because there are few studies;
• People should be wary of how they use social media facilities. There are always two ways of
acting-the good and the bad. Let us cherish our moral values and avoid the bad company
even through the faceless interaction;

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